Relevant bibliographies by topics / Truffle

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Truffle'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 June 2021
Last updated: 21 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Truffle"

1

renowden, gareth. "Truffle Wars." Gastronomica 8, no. 4 (2008): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2008.8.4.46.

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Chinese truffles, close relatives of the French black truffle, arrived on world markets in the middle of the 1990s. Available in quantity at low prices, they were eagerly snapped up by traders facing a steep decline in European production. Despite having less intense flavour, they have captured a large part of world trade in truffles, and their harvest has brought significant economic benefits to rural communities in Sichuan and Yunnan provinces of southern China. In parallel, the development of artificial truffle flavouring has led to an explosion in ersatz ““truffle”” products, and the practice in many restaurants of boosting the flavour of inferior truffles with artificial truffle oils. However, recent expansion of truffle growing in North America and the arrival of southern hemisphere producers from New Zealand and Australia is extending both the quantity of truffle available and the season.
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2

Şen, İsmail. "Trüf Kültivasyonunda Arazi Seçimi." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 10, no. 7 (August 6, 2022): 1258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v10i7.1258-1263.5189.

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Truffles are a highly valued fungi group because of their gastronomic and economic importance. Even though the demands for truffles, particularly Tuber melanosporum and T. aestivum, has been increased year by year, the natural production of these valued fungi has decreased. So, truffle cultivation is becoming an agricultural alternative in Europe, and the rural economy was supported by cultivating truffle. In Turkey, truffle cultivation was becoming popular in recent years. However, there is not enough literature for understanding the basics of truffle cultivation in Turkey. Hence, it is aimed to discuss the selection of suitable truffle land. Because land selection can be considered as the first step of truffle cultivation and unsuitable land can be limited truffle cultivation success. So, the ecological features of economically important truffles, T. aestivum, T. borchii, T. magnatum, and T. melanosporum, are given in this study based on current literature and field experience.
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3

Şen, İsmail. "Trüf Kültivasyonunda Arazi Seçimi." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 10, no. 7 (August 6, 2022): 1258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v10i7.1258-1263.5189.

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Truffles are a highly valued fungi group because of their gastronomic and economic importance. Even though the demands for truffles, particularly Tuber melanosporum and T. aestivum, has been increased year by year, the natural production of these valued fungi has decreased. So, truffle cultivation is becoming an agricultural alternative in Europe, and the rural economy was supported by cultivating truffle. In Turkey, truffle cultivation was becoming popular in recent years. However, there is not enough literature for understanding the basics of truffle cultivation in Turkey. Hence, it is aimed to discuss the selection of suitable truffle land. Because land selection can be considered as the first step of truffle cultivation and unsuitable land can be limited truffle cultivation success. So, the ecological features of economically important truffles, T. aestivum, T. borchii, T. magnatum, and T. melanosporum, are given in this study based on current literature and field experience.
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4

Chauhan, Om Prakash, Vani Vijay, Arun Kumar Pandey, and Anil Dutt Semwal. "Biochemical and Health Properties of Truffles." Defence Life Science Journal 6, no. 3 (July 27, 2021): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.6.15659.

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Truffles are the most expensive edible mushrooms refer to genus tuber which grows symbiotically in plant roots such as oaks and hazels. Truffles are underground mushrooms also known for their characteristic earthy flavor which is the major reason for their special place in the culinary. Their characteristic intense aroma helps them in reproduction by attracting small animals. Truffles can survive in a wide range of environments such as deep forests as well as deserts. The most expensive varieties of truffles include Tuber melanosporum (Black truffle), Tuber magnatum (White truffle), Tuber aestivum (Burgundy truffle), Tirmania nivea, and Terfezia chlaveryi (Dessert truffles). Truffles vary in their composition and flavor profile from species to species. The major volatile components which are responsible for truffle aroma are aldehydes, ketones, sulfur compounds, alcohols, and esters. Truffles are highly nutritious, rich in antioxidants, and have therapeutic properties such as antimicrobial activity, antiviral activity, antimutagenic activity, anti-inflammatory activity, hepatoprotective activity, etc. The major active components present in truffle are tuberoside, phenolics, anandamide, and ergosterol.
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5

Zambonelli, Alessandra, Pamela Leonardi, Mirco Iotti, and Ian Hall. "ECOLOGICAL AND GENETIC ADVANCES IN THE CULTIVATION OF TUBER SPP." Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana 40, no. 4 (December 8, 2017): 371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2017.4.371-377.

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Recent advances on the ecology and genetics of true truffles (Tuber spp.) are reported and their impact on truffle cultivation is discussed. New insights have been gained on truffle soil ecology and interrelationships of truffles with associated microorganisms in the soil. For instance, some bacteria seem to play a key role in truffle fruiting body formation and maturation. However, the most important advance in truffle genetics over the past 20 years has been the sequencing of the Tuber melanosporum genome and the discovery that truffles, like other Pezizalean fungi, are heterothallic. This finding has had a significant impact on research on truffles and many studies have been devoted to better understanding the distribution of the mating types in soil in natural and cultivated truffières. The characterization of the mating type idiomorphs of several Tuber species has led to the possibility of selecting mycelial strains for truffle cultivation in particular sites.
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6

Oliach, Daniel, Enrico Vidale, Anton Brenko, Olivia Marois, Nicola Andrighetto, Kalliopi Stara, Juan Martínez de Aragón, Carlos Colinas, and José Antonio Bonet. "Truffle Market Evolution: An Application of the Delphi Method." Forests 12, no. 9 (August 30, 2021): 1174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12091174.

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Background: The objective of this study was to analyze the current situation of the truffle sector in the main producing countries of the Mediterranean area. Additionally, we identified the challenges for the future and the priority actions to develop the truffle sector in the region. Methods: We used a Delphi process approach, and we selected a total of 17 expert panelists in different positions within the supply chain of the target countries (Spain, France, Italy, Croatia, and Greece). Results: The results obtained allowed us to have a complete description of the current truffle supply chain. We confirmed an evolution of the sector due to the cultivation success of several Tuber species. The maturity of the sector has produced shifts in the roles that form the traditional truffle supply chain operators. We confirmed the trend of a decrease of collectors that hunt truffles in the wild and sell to small travelling buyers, whilst truffle hunters that collect for farmers and specialty wholesalers are emerging. However, a trend of truffle price decrease in the last few years has alerted the sector. Conclusions: As production increases due to truffle cultivation, it will be necessary to promote truffle consumption. We identified actions to develop the truffle sector: (a) strengthen the link between truffles, tourism, and gastronomy; (b) increase the effort at European level for the recognition of truffle production, helping to develop truffle culture and marketing; (c) increase the awareness and consumption of truffles among consumers; and (d) develop tourism workshops for truffle farmers.
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Viccaro, Mauro, Severino Romano, Adele Coppola, Gerardo Vaccaro, Francesco Riccioli, and Mario Cozzi. "The hidden value of non-timber forest products: income contribution of the Basilicata wild truffle." Aestimum 79 (March 10, 2022): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/aestim-12228.

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The Basilicata region (South of Italy) is land of truffles where the gastronomic, economic and cultural awareness has developed for this non-timber forest product only in the past decade. Little is known about truffle production and its social, economic and environmental implications. In this article we investigate the Basilicata truffle sector by devoting particular attention to the truffle hunters who gather the truffles from the forests. The data for the analysis were collected through a survey with the aim of describing the gathering activity (people involved, specie and quantities collected, etc.) and assessing its significance as a source of income. Results show that truffles can provide local communities with earning opportunities. However, the truffle sector needs to be protected and enhanced.
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8

Pyare, Sanjay, and William S. Longland. "Mechanisms of truffle detection by northern flying squirrels." Canadian Journal of Zoology 79, no. 6 (June 1, 2001): 1007–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z01-069.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate how northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) locate truffles (Gautieria monticola), a subterranean and ephemeral but primary food source. Thus, we evaluated the importance of three factors to the foraging behavior of northern flying squirrels: (i) olfactory chemicals that emanate from truffles; (ii) the presence of coarse woody debris (decaying logs), which are often associated with fungi; and (iii) we explored the potential role animal memory could play in truffle detection as well. In a foraging arena, squirrels successfully retrieved buried truffles that lacked aboveground cues in 19 of 30 trials and failed to search near treatments that lacked truffles altogether, confirming the importance of olfaction to squirrel foraging. However, squirrels also retrieved truffles that were associated most frequently with surface logs (27 of 30). In addition, the initial detection rate of the truffle + log treatment was significantly greater than the truffle-only treatment. Thus, although squirrels search for truffles primarily using olfaction, they may also benefit by searching near coarse woody debris on the forest floor as an aboveground cue to truffle locations. In addition, because 82% of Sierra Nevada truffle-fruiting locations that were marked in 1996 yielded truffles again the following 2 years, mycophagous animals like northern flying squirrels may benefit by memorizing fruiting locations and foraging at these same locations from year to year.
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9

Segelke, Torben, Stefanie Schelm, Christian Ahlers, and Markus Fischer. "Food Authentication: Truffle (Tuber spp.) Species Differentiation by FT-NIR and Chemometrics." Foods 9, no. 7 (July 13, 2020): 922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9070922.

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Truffles are certainly the most expensive mushrooms; the price depends primarily on the species and secondly on the origin. Because of the price differences for the truffle species, food fraud is likely to occur, and the visual differentiation is difficult within the group of white and within the group of black truffles. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a reliable method for the authentication of five commercially relevant truffle species via Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy as an easy to handle approach combined with chemometrics. NIR-data from 75 freeze-dried fruiting bodies were recorded. Various spectra pre-processing techniques and classification methods were compared and validated using nested cross-validation. For the white truffle species, the most expensive Tuber magnatum could be differentiated with an accuracy of 100% from Tuber borchii. Regarding the black truffle species, the relatively expensive Tuber melanosporum could be distinguished from Tuber aestivum and the Chinese truffles with an accuracy of 99%. Since the most expensive Italian Tuber magnatum is highly prone to fraud, the origin was investigated and Italian T. magnatum truffles could be differentiated from non-Italian T. magnatum truffles by 83%. Our results demonstrate the potential of FT-NIR spectroscopy for the authentication of truffle species.
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10

Vernes, Karl, and Peter Jarman. "Long-nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylus) behaviour and handling times when foraging for buried truffles." Australian Mammalogy 36, no. 1 (2014): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am13037.

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Truffles represent an important food resource for many small mammals, but because most mycophagous mammals are difficult to observe in the wild, behavioural observations of mammals handling and consuming truffles are almost non-existent. Using camera traps, we observed the behaviour of long-nosed potoroos (Potorous tridactylus) foraging for buried truffles, and recorded the rate at which truffles were excavated and consumed. Potoroos excavated buried truffles rapidly (2.4 ± 0.2 s) with synchronous drawing strokes of their forepaws, then gathered the excavated truffles with forepaws and/or mouth and cleaned away adherent debris before consuming the truffle. When potoroos were unsuccessful at recovering a truffle, they spent significantly more time digging (4.8 ± 0.6 s) before giving up. Potoroos were successful at recovering a truffle in 76% of digging attempts, and once they had located a cache of buried truffles, achieved a rate of recovery of ~2.4 truffles per minute.
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More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Truffle"

1

Pruett, Grechen E. Bruhn Johann. "The biology and ecology of tuber aestivum mycorrhizae establishment in the greenhouse and the field." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/7199.

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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on February 24, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. Johann Bruhn. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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2

Bradshaw, B. P. "Physiological aspects of Corylus avellana associated with the French black truffle fungus Tuber melansporum and the consequence for commercial production of black truffles in Western Australia /." Murdoch University Digital Theses Program, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20060327.92530.

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3

Bogopa, Juda. "Profiling for volatile compounds in the Kgalagadi desert truffle." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002006.

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The thesis focuses on ‘green’ sample preparation techniques that utilise minimal or no organic solvents thereby producing negligible volumes of organic waste, to ensure safety both to user and the environment. Volatile compounds were extracted and pre-concentrated from Kgalagadi desert truffles (kalaharituber) by headspace solid phase microextraction (HSSPME) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). PHWE was employed for the extraction of amino acids and fatty acids. Subsequent analysis of volatile compounds was carried out by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Four types of HS-SPME fibers (PDMS 100 μm, PDMS 7 μm, Polyacrylate 85 μm, CAR/DVB/PDMS 50/30 μm) were evaluated. A total of 24 volatile compounds with a molecular weight range from 110 to 354, the most prominent peak being 2-t-Butyl-2,3-dimethyl-3-buten-1-ol (C₁₀H₂₀O, MW 156) were detected after sampling with a PDMS 100 μm fiber. Less volatile compounds were detected after SFE with CO2. A total of 16 amino acids were identified while 17 fatty acids (MW from 132.12 to 367.49) were also identified. The characteristic profile of the Kgalagadi desert truffle was found to contain mainly fatty acid methyl esters and unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons. The most prominent compound peaks identified were; 2-t-butyl-2,3-dimethyl- 3-buten-1-ol, disulfide, ethyl benzoic acid 2-4-dhydroxy-3,6-dimethyl-methyl ester, 8,11- octadecanoic acid methyl ester, benzoic acid, 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethyl-methyl ester, isoquinoline, 1 butyl-3,4-dihydro and 3-heptanone, 6 methyl. Optimization results indicated that fresh slices from the heart of truffles were the best to use for HS-SPME-GCMS volatile compound analysis as they showed a higher sensitivity
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4

Eslick, Harry. "Factors Affecting Truffle Production and Quality in Western Australia." Thesis, Eslick, Harry (2017) Factors Affecting Truffle Production and Quality in Western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2017. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/36470/.

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5

Vahdatzadeh, Maryam [Verfasser], Richard [Akademischer Betreuer] Splivallo, Richard [Gutachter] Splivallo, and Eckhard [Gutachter] Boles. "Investigating the influence of truffle´s microbiome and genotype on the aroma of truffle fungi / Maryam Vahdatzadeh ; Gutachter: Richard Splivallo, Eckhard Boles ; Betreuer: Richard Splivallo." Frankfurt am Main : Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1202847951/34.

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6

Andreau, Laurent. "Les animaux truffiers." Nantes, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NANT013V.

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7

au, B. Bradshaw@Timbercorp com, and Ben Philip Bradshaw. "Physiological aspects of Corylus avellana associated with the French black truffle fungus Tuber melanosporum and the consequence for commercial production of black truffles in Western Australia." Murdoch University, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20060327.92530.

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The black truffle (Tuber melanosporum Vitt.) industry in Australia is relatively new and has enormous potential but some truffières (truffle farms) fail to meet anticipated harvest projections. Inappropriate soil conditions and climate, and the management of such factors are suggested as the primary reasons for inadequate yield. In addition, requirements for ascocarp initiation and development and the role of the host plant in such processes are unknown. This study examines interactions between European hazel (Corylus avellana L.) and the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) black truffle symbiont in a commercial truffière (Hazel Hill) in south-western Australia. Specific studies were initiated to examine the interactions of host physiology, mycorrhizal infection and the interaction with abiotic factors. The study related specific physiological processes of the host plant to the known life cycle of the black truffle to determine the role of the host plant in ascocarp production, if any. The work also examined the effect of silvicultural treatments intended to increase truffle production. A review of existing literature was undertaken to determine the key soil and climatic factors required for successful truffle production. Climatic conditions appeared more important than soil chemistry and structure in Western Australia, with significant seasonal variation in air and soil temperatures required plus irrigation to supplement summer rainfall. This information was used to define areas with potential for truffle production in the south-west of Western Australia: the cooler, high rainfall regions (>1000 mm annual rainfall) where there is sufficient seasonal variation in soil temperature and availability of adequate quantities of quality water for irrigation. Subsurface soil acidification and salinity, as well as groundwater salinity, are constraining factors. Lime amendment is necessary to create sufficiently high pH and CaCO3 levels required by the truffle fungus. A field trial was established to monitor the seasonal C dynamics of European hazel in the context of the life cycle of the black truffle. Maximum translocation of sucrose in the phloem sap coincided with the period of anticipated rapid growth of the truffle ascocarp implicating the use of current photosynthate in C nutrition of the ascocarp. Sampling of non-structural carbohydrates (NC) of above and belowground plant material indicated maximum storage of C in the host coincides with maturation of the ascocarp. These observations provide evidence of a synchronous growth habit of the plant host and the ascocarp. The C allocation patterns of European hazel in response to liming a loamy soil, taken from near the Hazel Hill truffière, and inoculation with ECM fungi (T. melanosporum, Hebeloma sp. and Scleroderma sp.) were examined in a glasshouse pot trial. Liming increased biomass allocation to the shoot and induced deficiencies of phosphorus and manganese. Colonisation by ECM fungi significantly increased net photosynthesis, indicating the sink strength of these fungi, but there was no relationship between the level of mycorrhizal infection and fine root NC. The maximum rate (40 g lime kg-1 soil) reduced infection by Hebeloma and Scleroderma and had no impact on T. melanosporum. Further, infection rates of T. melanosporum did not increase in response to lime suggesting lime is not necessary for ECM development in this soil type. Fertiliser is widely used in commercial truffières in Australia but the consequences for truffle production are unknown. In a field trial, the growth and physiological response of European hazel to forms of phosphorus (34 and 68 kg ha-1 apatite-P and 68 kg ha-1 triple super phosphate -P) and nitrogen (50 kg ha-1 of NO3- and NH4-N) were examined as well as the mycorrhizal response to fertiliser. Apatite-P increased phloem sap sucrose concentrations which was attributed to increased root biomass and associated sink capacity. Fertiliser application did not change fine root NC concentrations suggesting no increase in allocation of C to ECM structures. The highest rate of apatite-P decreased mycorrhizal infection rates of T. melanosporum and, most likely, was the result of increased infection rates of Hebeloma. In contrast to the literature relating to indigenous Australian ECM fungi, the highest rate of soluble-P did not decrease ECM infection rates in T. melanosporum. Nitrogen treatments increased foliar N content and improved gas exchange efficiency of plants, and had no adverse impact on the level of ECM infection. Fertilisation with N significantly increased soil respiration rates suggesting N limits mineralisation at this site. Some truffières manage the canopies of the host tree to ensure maximum exposure of the soil surface in order to increase soil temperatures. As there are no published data on the effect of pruning on black truffle production, a field trial was established to document the impact of canopy pruning on host physiology and soil temperature. The removal of 65% of canopy leaf area reduced phloem sap sucrose concentrations, soil respiration rate and the soluble: insoluble NC ratio of fine roots in the short term (1-3 weeks). There was no compensatory response of leaf gas exchange parameters as a result of pruning. Generally, there was no long term impact on plant physiological parameters as a result of pruning. Long term effects on soil temperature were observed as a result of pruning. Mean annual temperature and amplitude increased significantly beneath pruned trees and spring, summer and autumn soil temperatures increased as did diurnal variation as a result of pruning. Pruning did not increase winter soil temperatures and therefore would probably not impact on ascocarp maturation during this period. This research has provided insight into the C physiology of hazel associated with the black truffle and the consequences for truffle production. The results provide anecdotal evidence of direct C transfer between the host and the developing truffle, contrary to the existing paradigm that the ascocarp is saprotrophic for the majority of its growth and development. There is a need to validate this finding as there are consequences for management of commercial truffières. Liming of loam duplex soils can reduce the abundance of the most common competitor ECM fungi and should be encouraged in commercial truffières. Applying phosphorus and nitrogen to commercial truffières will improve growth rates of planted trees without adversely impacting on ECM infection by black truffle fungi, although the impact on truffle production remains unknown. It is anticipated truffle production will improve in the longer term as a result of pruning and prudent canopy management. Management options should include tree removal to reduce planting density and increase soil exposure in truffières. There is a need for longer term trials to be established to determine the C nutrition of the truffle ascocarp and to clearly define the key stages of the black truffle life cycle in Western Australia.
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8

Bradshaw, Ben Philip. "Physiological aspects of Corylus avellana associated with the French black truffle fungus Tuber melanosporum and the consequence for commercial production of black truffles in Western Australia." Thesis, Bradshaw, Ben Philip (2005) Physiological aspects of Corylus avellana associated with the French black truffle fungus Tuber melanosporum and the consequence for commercial production of black truffles in Western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/449/.

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Abstract:
The black truffle (Tuber melanosporum Vitt.) industry in Australia is relatively new and has enormous potential but some truffieres (truffle farms) fail to meet anticipated harvest projections. Inappropriate soil conditions and climate, and the management of such factors are suggested as the primary reasons for inadequate yield. In addition, requirements for ascocarp initiation and development and the role of the host plant in such processes are unknown. This study examines interactions between European hazel (Corylus avellana L.) and the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) black truffle symbiont in a commercial truffiere (Hazel Hill) in south-western Australia. Specific studies were initiated to examine the interactions of host physiology, mycorrhizal infection and the interaction with abiotic factors. The study related specific physiological processes of the host plant to the known life cycle of the black truffle to determine the role of the host plant in ascocarp production, if any. The work also examined the effect of silvicultural treatments intended to increase truffle production. A review of existing literature was undertaken to determine the key soil and climatic factors required for successful truffle production. Climatic conditions appeared more important than soil chemistry and structure in Western Australia, with significant seasonal variation in air and soil temperatures required plus irrigation to supplement summer rainfall. This information was used to define areas with potential for truffle production in the south-west of Western Australia: the cooler, high rainfall regions (>1000 mm annual rainfall) where there is sufficient seasonal variation in soil temperature and availability of adequate quantities of quality water for irrigation. Subsurface soil acidification and salinity, as well as groundwater salinity, are constraining factors. Lime amendment is necessary to create sufficiently high pH and CaCO3 levels required by the truffle fungus. A field trial was established to monitor the seasonal C dynamics of European hazel in the context of the life cycle of the black truffle. Maximum translocation of sucrose in the phloem sap coincided with the period of anticipated rapid growth of the truffle ascocarp implicating the use of current photosynthate in C nutrition of the ascocarp. Sampling of non-structural carbohydrates (NC) of above and belowground plant material indicated maximum storage of C in the host coincides with maturation of the ascocarp. These observations provide evidence of a synchronous growth habit of the plant host and the ascocarp. The C allocation patterns of European hazel in response to liming a loamy soil, taken from near the Hazel Hill truffiere, and inoculation with ECM fungi (T. melanosporum, Hebeloma sp. and Scleroderma sp.) were examined in a glasshouse pot trial. Liming increased biomass allocation to the shoot and induced deficiencies of phosphorus and manganese. Colonisation by ECM fungi significantly increased net photosynthesis, indicating the sink strength of these fungi, but there was no relationship between the level of mycorrhizal infection and fine root NC. The maximum rate (40 g lime kg-1 soil) reduced infection by Hebeloma and Scleroderma and had no impact on T. melanosporum. Further, infection rates of T. melanosporum did not increase in response to lime suggesting lime is not necessary for ECM development in this soil type. Fertiliser is widely used in commercial truffieres in Australia but the consequences for truffle production are unknown. In a field trial, the growth and physiological response of European hazel to forms of phosphorus (34 and 68 kg ha-1 apatite-P and 68 kg ha-1 triple super phosphate -P) and nitrogen (50 kg ha-1 of NO3- and NH4-N) were examined as well as the mycorrhizal response to fertiliser. Apatite-P increased phloem sap sucrose concentrations which was attributed to increased root biomass and associated sink capacity. Fertiliser application did not change fine root NC concentrations suggesting no increase in allocation of C to ECM structures. The highest rate of apatite-P decreased mycorrhizal infection rates of T. melanosporum and, most likely, was the result of increased infection rates of Hebeloma. In contrast to the literature relating to indigenous Australian ECM fungi, the highest rate of soluble-P did not decrease ECM infection rates in T. melanosporum. Nitrogen treatments increased foliar N content and improved gas exchange efficiency of plants, and had no adverse impact on the level of ECM infection. Fertilisation with N significantly increased soil respiration rates suggesting N limits mineralisation at this site. Some truffieres manage the canopies of the host tree to ensure maximum exposure of the soil surface in order to increase soil temperatures. As there are no published data on the effect of pruning on black truffle production, a field trial was established to document the impact of canopy pruning on host physiology and soil temperature. The removal of 65% of canopy leaf area reduced phloem sap sucrose concentrations, soil respiration rate and the soluble: insoluble NC ratio of fine roots in the short term (1-3 weeks). There was no compensatory response of leaf gas exchange parameters as a result of pruning. Generally, there was no long term impact on plant physiological parameters as a result of pruning. Long term effects on soil temperature were observed as a result of pruning. Mean annual temperature and amplitude increased significantly beneath pruned trees and spring, summer and autumn soil temperatures increased as did diurnal variation as a result of pruning. Pruning did not increase winter soil temperatures and therefore would probably not impact on ascocarp maturation during this period. This research has provided insight into the C physiology of hazel associated with the black truffle and the consequences for truffle production. The results provide anecdotal evidence of direct C transfer between the host and the developing truffle, contrary to the existing paradigm that the ascocarp is saprotrophic for the majority of its growth and development. There is a need to validate this finding as there are consequences for management of commercial truffieres. Liming of loam duplex soils can reduce the abundance of the most common competitor ECM fungi and should be encouraged in commercial truffieres. Applying phosphorus and nitrogen to commercial truffieres will improve growth rates of planted trees without adversely impacting on ECM infection by black truffle fungi, although the impact on truffle production remains unknown. It is anticipated truffle production will improve in the longer term as a result of pruning and prudent canopy management. Management options should include tree removal to reduce planting density and increase soil exposure in truffieres. There is a need for longer term trials to be established to determine the C nutrition of the truffle ascocarp and to clearly define the key stages of the black truffle life cycle in Western Australia.
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9

Bradshaw, Ben Philip. "Physiological aspects of Corylus avellana associated with the French black truffle fungus Tuber melanosporum and the consequence for commercial production of black truffles in Western Australia." Bradshaw, Ben Philip (2005) Physiological aspects of Corylus avellana associated with the French black truffle fungus Tuber melanosporum and the consequence for commercial production of black truffles in Western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/449/.

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The black truffle (Tuber melanosporum Vitt.) industry in Australia is relatively new and has enormous potential but some truffieres (truffle farms) fail to meet anticipated harvest projections. Inappropriate soil conditions and climate, and the management of such factors are suggested as the primary reasons for inadequate yield. In addition, requirements for ascocarp initiation and development and the role of the host plant in such processes are unknown. This study examines interactions between European hazel (Corylus avellana L.) and the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) black truffle symbiont in a commercial truffiere (Hazel Hill) in south-western Australia. Specific studies were initiated to examine the interactions of host physiology, mycorrhizal infection and the interaction with abiotic factors. The study related specific physiological processes of the host plant to the known life cycle of the black truffle to determine the role of the host plant in ascocarp production, if any. The work also examined the effect of silvicultural treatments intended to increase truffle production. A review of existing literature was undertaken to determine the key soil and climatic factors required for successful truffle production. Climatic conditions appeared more important than soil chemistry and structure in Western Australia, with significant seasonal variation in air and soil temperatures required plus irrigation to supplement summer rainfall. This information was used to define areas with potential for truffle production in the south-west of Western Australia: the cooler, high rainfall regions (>1000 mm annual rainfall) where there is sufficient seasonal variation in soil temperature and availability of adequate quantities of quality water for irrigation. Subsurface soil acidification and salinity, as well as groundwater salinity, are constraining factors. Lime amendment is necessary to create sufficiently high pH and CaCO3 levels required by the truffle fungus. A field trial was established to monitor the seasonal C dynamics of European hazel in the context of the life cycle of the black truffle. Maximum translocation of sucrose in the phloem sap coincided with the period of anticipated rapid growth of the truffle ascocarp implicating the use of current photosynthate in C nutrition of the ascocarp. Sampling of non-structural carbohydrates (NC) of above and belowground plant material indicated maximum storage of C in the host coincides with maturation of the ascocarp. These observations provide evidence of a synchronous growth habit of the plant host and the ascocarp. The C allocation patterns of European hazel in response to liming a loamy soil, taken from near the Hazel Hill truffiere, and inoculation with ECM fungi (T. melanosporum, Hebeloma sp. and Scleroderma sp.) were examined in a glasshouse pot trial. Liming increased biomass allocation to the shoot and induced deficiencies of phosphorus and manganese. Colonisation by ECM fungi significantly increased net photosynthesis, indicating the sink strength of these fungi, but there was no relationship between the level of mycorrhizal infection and fine root NC. The maximum rate (40 g lime kg-1 soil) reduced infection by Hebeloma and Scleroderma and had no impact on T. melanosporum. Further, infection rates of T. melanosporum did not increase in response to lime suggesting lime is not necessary for ECM development in this soil type. Fertiliser is widely used in commercial truffieres in Australia but the consequences for truffle production are unknown. In a field trial, the growth and physiological response of European hazel to forms of phosphorus (34 and 68 kg ha-1 apatite-P and 68 kg ha-1 triple super phosphate -P) and nitrogen (50 kg ha-1 of NO3- and NH4-N) were examined as well as the mycorrhizal response to fertiliser. Apatite-P increased phloem sap sucrose concentrations which was attributed to increased root biomass and associated sink capacity. Fertiliser application did not change fine root NC concentrations suggesting no increase in allocation of C to ECM structures. The highest rate of apatite-P decreased mycorrhizal infection rates of T. melanosporum and, most likely, was the result of increased infection rates of Hebeloma. In contrast to the literature relating to indigenous Australian ECM fungi, the highest rate of soluble-P did not decrease ECM infection rates in T. melanosporum. Nitrogen treatments increased foliar N content and improved gas exchange efficiency of plants, and had no adverse impact on the level of ECM infection. Fertilisation with N significantly increased soil respiration rates suggesting N limits mineralisation at this site. Some truffieres manage the canopies of the host tree to ensure maximum exposure of the soil surface in order to increase soil temperatures. As there are no published data on the effect of pruning on black truffle production, a field trial was established to document the impact of canopy pruning on host physiology and soil temperature. The removal of 65% of canopy leaf area reduced phloem sap sucrose concentrations, soil respiration rate and the soluble: insoluble NC ratio of fine roots in the short term (1-3 weeks). There was no compensatory response of leaf gas exchange parameters as a result of pruning. Generally, there was no long term impact on plant physiological parameters as a result of pruning. Long term effects on soil temperature were observed as a result of pruning. Mean annual temperature and amplitude increased significantly beneath pruned trees and spring, summer and autumn soil temperatures increased as did diurnal variation as a result of pruning. Pruning did not increase winter soil temperatures and therefore would probably not impact on ascocarp maturation during this period. This research has provided insight into the C physiology of hazel associated with the black truffle and the consequences for truffle production. The results provide anecdotal evidence of direct C transfer between the host and the developing truffle, contrary to the existing paradigm that the ascocarp is saprotrophic for the majority of its growth and development. There is a need to validate this finding as there are consequences for management of commercial truffieres. Liming of loam duplex soils can reduce the abundance of the most common competitor ECM fungi and should be encouraged in commercial truffieres. Applying phosphorus and nitrogen to commercial truffieres will improve growth rates of planted trees without adversely impacting on ECM infection by black truffle fungi, although the impact on truffle production remains unknown. It is anticipated truffle production will improve in the longer term as a result of pruning and prudent canopy management. Management options should include tree removal to reduce planting density and increase soil exposure in truffieres. There is a need for longer term trials to be established to determine the C nutrition of the truffle ascocarp and to clearly define the key stages of the black truffle life cycle in Western Australia.
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Adeleke, Rasheed Adegbola. "Isolation, propagation and rapid molecular detection of the Kalahari truffle, a mycorrhizal fungus occurring in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002951.

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Terfezia pfeilii is an edible mycorrhizal fungus that thrives in the Kalahari Desert of southern Africa. It is best known by desert dwellers for its flavour and as a source of nutrition. Although the genus Terfezia is generally regarded as being an ectomycorrhizal mycobiont, the exact mycorrhizal type formed by T. pfeilli and its' associated host plants remains uncertain. Discovery of the host plants for T. pfeilii would first be required in order to further investigate the life cycle and cultivation of this truffle. This study focussed on the isolation of mycelia from the ascocarp, optimising the growth conditions of the mycelial cultures, rapid molecular identification of T. pfeilii, investigation of potential helper bacteria and mycorrhizal synthesis experiments. T. pfeilii ascocarps were harvested from the Spitskop Nature Reserve in Upington, South Africa. Ascocarps were successfully identified using both morphological and molecular methods. Despite the delayed growth mostly caused by contaminating microorganisms, the isolation of T. pfeilii mycelia culture was successful. Molecular techniques were used to confirm the identity of the pure culture. Further studies were conducted on ways to improve the growth conditions of the mycelial culture on Fontana medium. An optimum temperature of 32°C, the addition of Bovine Serum Albumin as a nitrogen source and a pH of 7.5 significantly improved the growth of T. pfeilii in vitro. A rapid PeR-based molecular method was developed to speed up the identification of T. pfeilii. Specific primers that can exclusively amplify the ITS region of T. pfeilii were designed and used to identify both the ascocarps and the mycelial culture. The specificity of these primers was confirmed by their inability to amplify DNA from the isolates of contamining fungi obtained during the isolation process. Molecular comparison was made to confirm the reclassification of South African samples of T. pfeilii as Kalaharituber pfeilii as proposed by Ferdman et al.,(2005). However, in this study, the name T. pfeilii has been retained. A total of 17 bacterial isolates were obtained from the fruiting bodies of T. pfeaii and these were tested for stimulation of mycelial growth in vitro, indole production and phosphate solubilising capabilities. Bacterial isolates that showed potential to be Mycorrhization Helper Bacteria (MHB) were identified as Paenibacillus sp., Bacillus sp. and Rhizobium tropici. Selected plant seedlings were inoculated with T. pfeilii cultures or ascocarp slurry in order to re-establish the mycorrhizal association. After 8 months, light microscopy observations revealed an endomycorrhizal type association between Cynodon dactylon and T. pfeilii. This was confirmed with molecular analysis using specific T. pfeilii ITS primers. After 15 months, molecular methods confirmed Acacia erioloba as another host plant. These results have provided essential information paving the way for further investigation into the life cycle and biology of the Kalahari truffle.
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Books on the topic "Truffle"

1

Olivier, Jean-Marc. Truffe et trufficulture. Périgueux: Fanlac, 1996.

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Hall, Ian R. The black truffle: Its history, uses, and cultivation. 2nd ed. Christchurch, N.Z: New Zealand Institute for Crop & Food Research Limited, 1994.

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Pierpoint, Katherine. Truffle beds. London: Faber and Faber, 1995.

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Hall, Ian R. Taming the truffle: The history, lore, and science of the ultimate mushroom. Portland, Or: Timber Press, 2008.

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Moore, Inga. The truffle hunter. London: Beaver Books, 1987.

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ill, Bücker Jutta, ed. Rosalie and Truffle. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2005.

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The truffle hunter. Brooklyn, N.Y: Kane/Miller Book Publishers, 1987.

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The truffle hunter. London: Andersen, 1985.

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My dog Truffle. New York: Greenwillow Books, 2000.

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Webb, Holly. The truffle mouse. London: Scholastic, 2015.

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Book chapters on the topic "Truffle"

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Jain, Shashank Mohan. "Truffle." In A Brief Introduction to Web3, 127–45. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-8975-4_6.

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Thomas, Paul, Waill Elkhateeb, and Ghoson Daba. "Industrial Applications of Truffles and Truffle-like Fungi." In Advances in Macrofungi, 82–88. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003096818-8.

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Pacioni, Giovanni, and Marco Leonardi. "Truffle-Inhabiting Fungi." In Soil Biology, 283–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31436-5_17.

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Wang, Xianghua. "Truffle Cultivation in China." In Soil Biology, 227–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33823-6_13.

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Gryndler, Milan. "True Truffle Host Diversity." In Soil Biology, 267–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31436-5_16.

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Mohanty, Debajani. "Frameworks: Truffle and Embark." In Ethereum for Architects and Developers, 181–95. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-4075-5_7.

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Lazzari, Barbara, Elisabetta Gianazza, and Angelo Viotti. "Molecular Characterization of Some Truffle Species." In Biotechnology of Ectomycorrhizae, 161–69. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1889-1_14.

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Shavit, Elinoar. "The History of Desert Truffle Use." In Soil Biology, 217–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40096-4_15.

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Hall, Ian R., and Wayne Haslam. "Truffle Cultivation in the Southern Hemisphere." In Soil Biology, 191–208. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33823-6_11.

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Splivallo, Richard. "Biological Significance of Truffle Secondary Metabolites." In Secondary Metabolites in Soil Ecology, 141–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74543-3_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Truffle"

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Wimmer, Christian, and Thomas Würthinger. "Truffle." In the 3rd annual conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2384716.2384723.

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Würthinger, Thomas. "Graal and truffle." In the companion publication of the 13th international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2584469.2584663.

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Wimmer, Christian, and Stefan Brunthaler. "ZipPy on truffle." In the 2013 companion publication for conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2508075.2514572.

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Yousuf Alqaradawi, Asmaa, Sara Alhadidi, and Salem Shamekh. "Establishing Truffle Orchards In Qatar." In Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings. Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qfarc.2014.eepp0929.

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MATTER, Ikhlas Ramadan, Alaa Hussein ALMOLA, and Aisha W. ALOMARI. "EFFECT OF IRAQI DESERT TRUFFLE AND SOME TYPE OF HONEY AGAINST SOME BACTERIA." In III.International Scientific Congress of Pure,Appliedand Technological Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress3-8.

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The present study is interested in studying the effect of some natural nutrients on some types of bacteria , especially truffle and honey as food and nutritional value in our ancient parents. A water extract was prepared from the fruits of the black truffle and then studied the effect of this extract against Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that the water extract had a clear inhibitory effect on all the bacteria except P. aeruginosa, which showed resistance to the extract. The study also examined the effect of five types of honey in the crude (non-diluted) and diluted form 1: 1 (v: v) obtained from home honey bee, mountain honey, pine honey, grape leaves honey and German honey against the isolates under study. In the our study were showed that the types of honey have a broad and diversity of inhibition against microorganisms under study ,The raw Germany honey (non-diluted) showed high inhibition of P. aeruginosaas 25 mm inhibition zone .In comparison, the same type of honey showed 17 mm inhibition zone against S. aureus when diluted it ,while P.aeruginosa were showed resistance .The results showed that pine tree honey was the best honey used in the study. It showed a clear inhibitory effect on all the isolates used in the test in the crude and dilution form (1:1) without any resistance from any of the isolates. Key words: Truffle, Water extract, Antibacterial, Pathogenic Bacterial.
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Gaikwad, Swapnil, Andy Nisbet, and Mikel Luján. "Performance analysis for languages hosted on the truffle framework." In the 15th International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3237009.3237019.

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Wöß, Andreas, Christian Wirth, Daniele Bonetta, Chris Seaton, Christian Humer, and Hanspeter Mössenböck. "An object storage model for the truffle language implementation framework." In the 2014 International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2647508.2647517.

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Muhsin, Tawfik Muhammed, and Ahmad K. Hachim. "Characterization and Antibacterial Efficacy of Mycosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles from the Desert Truffle Tirmania nivea." In Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings. Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qfarc.2016.hbpp1149.

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Muhsin, Tawfik Muhammed, and Ahmad K. Hachim. "Characterization and Antibacterial Efficacy of Mycosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles from the Desert Truffle Tirmania Nivea." In Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings. Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qfarc.2016.hbpp1362.

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Rigger, Manuel, Matthias Grimmer, Christian Wimmer, Thomas Würthinger, and Hanspeter Mössenböck. "Bringing low-level languages to the JVM: efficient execution of LLVM IR on Truffle." In SPLASH '16: Conference on Systems, Programming, Languages, and Applications: Software for Humanity. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2998415.2998416.

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Reports on the topic "Truffle"

1

Trappe, James M., Randy Molina, Daniel L. Luoma, Efren Cázares, David Pilz, Jane E. Smith, Michael A. Castellano, Steven L. Miller, and Matthew J. Trappe. Diversity, ecology, and conservation of truffle fungi in forests of the Pacific Northwest. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-772.

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