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Journal articles on the topic 'Trucks – Standards – South Africa'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Csavajda, Péter, and Péter Böröcz. "Climate Conditions in ISO Container Shipments from Hungary to South Africa and Asia." Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering 47, no. 3 (July 10, 2018): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/pptr.11585.

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The aim of this paper is to provide useful information about climate conditions of transcontinental shipments from Hungary and compare them to the climate profiles of conditioning standards. The climatic environments inside ISO intermodal containers carrying automotive products to three different destinations in India, China and South Africa were measured. All three recorded surveys contain temperature and relative humidity data while the containers were stored outdoors and indoors and travelled on truck, rail and ship. The measured data was analyzed and mean statistical values of daily temperature and RH shifts were determined for each route. The recorded data shows that 50 % of maximum temperature and RH shifts occurred in the EU continent. Temperature and relative humidity distribution as a function of cumulative percentages [%] of the duration of total shipping was also determined and compared to the climate profiles of conditioning standards. It shows that peak temperature and RH ranges occur mostly in the defined duration of conditioning testing time.

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2

Wu, Ke Man, De Zao Hou, Lian De Zhong, Chang Cheng Li, and Jun Jun Tang. "Summary of and Lessons from Domestic and Overseas Setting of Truck Escape Ramp." Applied Mechanics and Materials 607 (July 2014): 839–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.607.839.

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Setting condition and setting location of truck escape ramps in the USA, New Zealand, South Africa, Britain, Australia and China are analyzed in detail and summarized in this paper, it is found that more comprehensive consideration is made in the USA, and it is considered that the function of quantitative analysis for setting the location of truck escape ramp is limited. Finally, clauses and clause explanations which can be adopted in standards and regulations for domestic transportation industry are formed.

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3

Taylor, Nick. "Standards-based accountability in South Africa." School Effectiveness and School Improvement 20, no. 3 (July 22, 2009): 341–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09243450902916704.

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4

Wium, Jan A., Johan Retief, and Celeste Viljoen. "Lessons from development of design standards in South Africa." IABSE Symposium Report 102, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 3198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137814814070000.

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5

Gerson, Vicki. "Case management accreditation: Setting the standards in south africa." Case Manager 9, no. 5 (September 1998): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1061-9259(98)80096-9.

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6

International Monetary Fund. "South Africa: Report on Observance of Standards and Codes." IMF Staff Country Reports 10, no. 272 (2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781455206551.002.

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Little, KM, and CA Rolando. "Regional vegetation management standards for commercialEucalyptusplantations in South Africa." Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science 70, no. 2 (August 2008): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/south.for.2008.70.2.4.532.

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8

Uys, M. S., and J. H. Diener. "Orthopaedic manipulative physiotherapy in South Africa." South African Journal of Physiotherapy 52, no. 4 (November 30, 1996): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajp.v52i4.619.

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To ensure effective patient care, all members of the health team should review professional competency and standards of service provision. A questionnaire was sent to all members of the orthopaedic Manipulative Therapists group (OMTG) to establish their qualification and skills, and the scope of practice of Orthopaedic Manipulative Therapy (OMT) physiotherapists. It included a short self and peer review. The results of this study urge the NEC of the OMTG to address pertinent issues that were raised: post-graduate study, international trends, research, dissemination of knowledge, quality assurance, professional image and prophylactic programmes in a primary health care system.

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Alexander Ivey, James. "Double Standards: South Africa, British Rugby, and the Moscow Olympics." International Journal of the History of Sport 36, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 104–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2019.1638770.

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Ann Law, Melanie. "The development of core standards for editing in South Africa." Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 29, no. 3 (September 2011): 275–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2011.647491.

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11

Fernandez, Lovell, and Lukas Muntingh. "The Criminalization of Torture in South Africa." Journal of African Law 60, no. 1 (September 16, 2015): 83–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855315000224.

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AbstractThis article describes the politics related to the criminalization of torture in South Africa. It studies the differences between torture as an international crime and as a crime under international human rights law. The South African anti-torture law is analysed and critiqued against the standards and provisions set out in the United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. The article recommends amendments to the South African law, aimed at making the combating of torture more effective.

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Currin, Brent, Nompilo Msibi, Tsebang Chuene, and Andre Kruger. "An investigation into the ethical standards and values of registered property valuers in South Africa." Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 7, no. 3 (October 31, 2014): 853–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v7i3.241.

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Ethical issues and standards of property professions are being scrutinised. To date, no research has been carried out on the ethical standards in the property valuation profession in South Africa. This research compared the content of codes of ethics and professional conduct of the South African property valuation profession to international standards, and investigated the ethical standards and moral values held by registered valuers in South Africa. A self-administered survey, administered to 611 professional and professional associate valuers, was used. It measured five constructs of unethical behaviour layered into a survey adapted from Hoyt, Wright and Croft (2002). No statistically significant differences were found between different demographic factors in the ethical beliefs of South African valuers. A literature review comparing South Africa’s codes of conduct with those in the United States of America, Australia and New Zealand showed that the standards of ethics and professional practice in South Africa are not in line with international standards. South African valuers appear to be ethical and resist external pressures which could lead to unethical behaviour.

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13

Coetzee, Stephen A., and Astrid Schmulian. "The Effect of IFRS Adoption on Financial Reporting Pedagogy in South Africa." Issues in Accounting Education 28, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/iace-50386.

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ABSTRACT: South Africa has for many years been involved in and supported the work of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) (formerly the International Accounting Standards Committee [IASC]). Accordingly, South Africa was an early adopter of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). This paper highlights two significant effects that the adoption of IFRS has had on accounting education in South Africa. First, both “English” and “Afrikaans” universities have faced, to varying degrees, the challenge of shifting from rule-based pedagogy to framework-based teaching of financial reporting. Second, the Afrikaans universities' primary source of reference for their financial reporting students, namely the financial reporting standards, is no longer available in Afrikaans and as a result introduces the risks and complexities associated with the translation from English into Afrikaans.

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Pandya, Anuradha, Wayne van Zijl, and Warren Maroun. "Fair value accounting implementation challenges in South Africa." Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies 11, no. 2 (February 8, 2021): 216–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaee-01-2020-0013.

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PurposeThe objective of this research is to explore the challenges being encountered when applying and implementing fair value accounting requirements, focusing specifically on the determination of fair value per International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) 13: Fair value measurement (IFRS 13) in the South African capital market.Design/methodology/approachData are collected from 20 detailed interviews, primarily with preparers and interpretively analysed to identify how individuals internalise the requirements of IFRS 13 and the challenges associated with its application. The researchers focus specifically on South Africa because of its status as a developing economy and, at the same time, its extensive experience in applying IFRS.FindingsSouth African preparers appear reluctant to change from a conventional cost-based measurement approach to one grounded in fair value. Primary concerns include the perceived usefulness of fair value accounting and its conceptual appropriateness, given its perceived de-emphasis of the traditional stewardship role of financial reporting. Related challenges to the application of IFRS 13 include concerns about the cost of determining fair value; the inherent subjectivity of fair value measures and the practical difficulty of calculating fair values when markets are not efficient or where business environments are complex and dynamic where Level 1 inputs are not widely available for all assets and liabilities. These challenges encourage preparers to choose accounting policies, which minimise the use of fair value or apply the provisions of IFRS 13 legalistically.Research limitations/implicationsData are collected from a group of respondents from a single developing economy. Additional research on the application of IFRS 13 in other developing markets will be required to conclude on the relevance of economic, cultural and social factors for the understanding and implementation of new accounting standards by practitioners.Practical implicationsStandard setters and regulators cannot assume that new accounting standards will be interpreted and applied as intended. Even when compliance with IFRS is mandatory, preparers have considerable discretion when it comes to operationalising accounting prescriptions. Unless the challenges raised by preparers are addressed, misapplication of IFRS is likely to continue.Originality/valueThe research makes an important empirical and practical contribution by providing primary evidence on the operationalisation of IFRS 13 in a novel setting. It complements earlier research which has focused primarily on the conceptual/theoretical dimension and on American and European perspectives.

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Bourne, D. E., L. A. Hanmer, and K. J. Heavens. "Towards developing a national health information standards framework for South Africa." International Journal of Medical Informatics 48, no. 1-3 (February 1998): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1386-5056(97)00105-6.

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16

Galla, Amareswar. "The Tshwane Declaration: Setting Standards for Heritage Tourism in South Africa." Museum International 50, no. 4 (October 1998): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0033.00175.

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17

Rolando, C. A., and K. M. Little. "Regional vegetation management standards for commercial pine plantations in South Africa." Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science 71, no. 3 (September 2009): 187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/sf.2009.71.3.3.915.

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18

Kocks, D. J., and C. E. Smith. "Biological monitoring standards for industrial toluene exposure recommended for South Africa." Occupational Medicine 48, no. 3 (1998): 195–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/48.3.195.

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19

Muller, Marie. "Standard for clinical/nursing unit management in South Africa." Health SA Gesondheid 5, no. 1 (October 23, 2000): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v5i1.20.

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The nursing unit manager is responsible and accountable for quality management of a clinical unit to facilitate quality nursing/midwifery care and education. The unit manager requires practice guidelines on nursing unit management, reflecting excellence and presented in the form of standards and criteria in the form of a user-friendly instrument. *Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.

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20

Stainbank, Lesley, and Devi Dutt Tewari. "Professional accounting education programmes in South Africa and India." Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies 4, no. 1 (February 25, 2014): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaee-12-2011-0056.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a contextual analysis of the professional accounting education programmes in South Africa and India by benchmarking both programmes to the International Education Standards (IESs) of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC). Design/methodology/approach – The research methodology is a qualitative archival approach extracting information from secondary data (Statements of Membership Obligations’ compliance questionnaires available on the IFAC web site and information from the web sites of the relevant professional accountancy bodies). Findings – With regards to the IESs, the study found that both countries comply with the standards, although important differences occur. In South Africa, most of the education takes place during the university phase; and while both countries cover the content requirements, India covers the acquisition of professional skills more formally; ethics is taught and examined in both countries; both countries require a three year training contract; both countries have a final examination but the content of the examinations are different; and South Africa requires more continuous professional development than India. These findings, when related to India's and South Africa's relative positions on certain of the Global Competitiveness Indices may indicate that India could learn from the South African accountancy education model in order to strengthen the Indian position with regards to auditing and reporting standards. Research limitations/implications – A limitation of the study is that it did not investigate the quality of the relative education programmes and it benchmarks both programmes at a single point in time. Practical implications – India could strengthen its accounting profession by implementing some of the South African aspects of its education model. South African could consider adopting the flexibility in the entry requirements in the Indian education model in order to increase the number of accountants in South Africa. These findings may also be useful to other developing countries to identify practices which could be adopted if suitable in their respective countries. Originality/value – The study is original as accountancy education programmes in India and South Africa have not been contrasted before. In view of their similar colonial background and the fact that both countries are major economic and political forces in their respective regions, the value of this study is that it provides useful and relevant information to India, South Africa and other countries with similar economic and social backgrounds.

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21

Omarjee, Jeh-Han, Willem Andreas Germishuizen, Rangini Chetty, and David Stubbings. "Plasma fractionation in South Africa: challenges and successes in meeting international standards." Annals of Blood 3 (January 23, 2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/aob.2018.01.02.

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22

Hochfeld, Tessa. "Social Development and Minimum Standards in Social Work Education in South Africa." Social Work Education 29, no. 4 (August 12, 2009): 356–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02615470903055463.

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23

Kohler, Marcel R., and Janet O. Bruce Brand. "TRADE POLICY AND LABOUR STANDARDS : GENERAL PERSPECTIVES AND IMLICATIONS FOR SOUTH AFRICA." South African Journal of Economics 70, no. 5 (July 6, 2005): 932–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1813-6982.2002.tb00052.x.

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24

Kiessl, Heidrun, and Michael Würger. "Victimization of Incarcerated Children and Juveniles in South Africa." International Review of Victimology 9, no. 3 (December 2002): 299–329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026975800200900305.

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The empirical study reported here analyses the practical relevance of United Nations standards and norms in the area of juvenile justice. It concentrates on South Africa and focuses on the implementation of the Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty and Article 37 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. A total of 804 children/juveniles and 404 correctional officers participated in the survey. In this article, the broader analysis of implementation conditions of the minimum standards is confined to some core variables. Staff and inmates of 18 facilities were questioned on issues surrounding the reason for victimization of incarcerated child inmates and interpersonal violence. Although the extended survey is not purely a victim's survey, it showed the relevance of victimization issues to the well-being of the young inmates. It is an important discussion, as there are only a limited number of prison victimization studies internationally, as prisoners are often are neglected as possible victims. In particular, child inmates are much more sensitive to the effects of detention than adult inmates and are particularly vulnerable to victimization. Where young offenders become victims of assault or sexual assault during incarceration the question arises, how successful will be their future reintegration into society? Some areas for the improvement of safety of young inmates and the prevention of victimization which may be relevant not only to South Africa but also to other countries are identified.

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25

Harris, HC, and DLW Krueger. "Implementing energy efficiency policy in housing in South Africa." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 16, no. 3 (August 1, 2005): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2005/v16i3a3114.

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The Thermal Insulation Association of South Africa (TIASA) is supporting government measures to promote energy efficiency in South African buildings. The research document titled: ‘New standards of thermal design to provide comfort and energy efficiency in South African housing’, has been adopted by TIASA, and details an objective basis for a standard. The S.A.N.S. 283 titled: ‘Energy efficiency for naturally ventilated buildings’ has as its premise, the same assumptions and methodologies as the research document. The provision of comfort in all housing in South Africa, including the problematic 30/36 m2 subsidy house – can be a reality with the proposals.

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Nyenti, Mathias. "Developing an Efficient and Effective Social Security Adjudication Framework in South Africa." Strathmore Law Journal 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 59–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.52907/slj.v1i1.7.

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South Africa is currently developing an overarching policy framework for effi-cient and effective resolution of social security disputes as part of reforms towards the establishment of a comprehensive social security system. In the development of the policy, international and regional guidelines and standards on access to justice were instrumental as they are benchmarks on the scope and content of the right of access to courts for social security claimants and the State’s obligations in this regard. This article outlines some international guidelines and standards relevant to the realisation of access to justice for social security claimants; and their role in recent reform initiatives that have been undertaken to promote access to justice in the South African social security system.

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Chanetsa, C. King. "Securities and Capital Markets Regulation in South Africa." Brill Research Perspectives in International Banking and Securities Law 3, no. 1 (July 24, 2019): 1–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24056936-12340007.

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AbstractAn effective securities and capital markets industry has existed in South Africa for over 120 years. The regulatory authorities have been alive to globally competitive pressures for inward investment and have endeavoured to implement a conducive environment therefore in compliance with international standards. As recently as 2015, South Africa was considered the best regulator of securities in the world. The effects of the global financial crisis (GFC) were keenly observed. The fall out from the GFC contained lessons for all markets, but not to the same extent. Commentators may therefore regard aspects of the South African reform agenda as replicative of initiatives in other jurisdictions and, consequently, uncritical in parts. In light of the fall to forty sixth place in the world in securities regulation ranking and some uncertainty in respect of the extent and shape of the reform process, this opus reviews activities in South Africa along the busy securities and capital markets value chain, and considers the continuing and emerging regulatory and supervisory framework.

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Seebregts, Christopher, Pierre Dane, Annie Neo Parsons, Thomas Fogwill, Debbie Rogers, Marcha Bekker, Vincent Shaw, and Peter Barron. "Designing for scale: optimising the health information system architecture for mobile maternal health messaging in South Africa (MomConnect)." BMJ Global Health 3, Suppl 2 (April 2018): e000563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000563.

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MomConnect is a national initiative coordinated by the South African National Department of Health that sends text-based mobile phone messages free of charge to pregnant women who voluntarily register at any public healthcare facility in South Africa. We describe the system design and architecture of the MomConnect technical platform, planned as a nationally scalable and extensible initiative. It uses a health information exchange that can connect any standards-compliant electronic front-end application to any standards-compliant electronic back-end database. The implementation of the MomConnect technical platform, in turn, is a national reference application for electronic interoperability in line with the South African National Health Normative Standards Framework. The use of open content and messaging standards enables the architecture to include any application adhering to the selected standards. Its national implementation at scale demonstrates both the use of this technology and a key objective of global health information systems, which is to achieve implementation scale. The system’s limited clinical information, initially, allowed the architecture to focus on the base standards and profiles for interoperability in a resource-constrained environment with limited connectivity and infrastructural capacity. Maintenance of the system requires mobilisation of national resources. Future work aims to use the standard interfaces to include data from additional applications as well as to extend and interface the framework with other public health information systems in South Africa. The development of this platform has also shown the benefits of interoperability at both an organisational and technical level in South Africa.

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Ingham, L. A., T. Jones, and A. Maneschijn. "Considerations for flight testing of UAVs in South African airspace." Aeronautical Journal 110, no. 1114 (December 2006): 803–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000001676.

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South Africa has strategic requirements for tasks such as maritime patrol and border control. Research on UAVs should be done in order to design, certify and operate UAVs in civil airspace to satisfy these requirements. If principles such as ‘equivalence’, initially proposed by Eurocontrol are to be adopted in South Africa, it then follows that similar standards used by manned aircraft should be used by UAVs. Similarly, because the process of creating UAV regulations has not kept up with the pace of UAV development, and because dedicated UAV regulations do not yet exist in South Africa, UAVs must be tested and evaluated in order to prove compliance with comparable manned aircraft regulations in the foreseeable future until regulations are created or modified to accommodate UAVs. Given the airspace restrictions, and lack of applicable standards and regulations, proper flight testing of UAVs can become a very specialised task. Most test techniques applied to testing of manned aircraft are fortunately equally applicable to UAVs. This is a research-based paper that provides guidance to flight testers, UAV developers and research organisations wishing to execute tests in South Africa by suggesting a number of considerations for testing of UAVs.

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Cohen, Tamara, and Luendree Moodley. "Achieving "decent work" in South Africa?" Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 15, no. 2 (May 25, 2017): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2012/v15i2a2490.

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The fundamental goal of the International Labour Organisation is the achievement of decent and productive work for both women and men in conditions of freedom, equity, security and human dignity. The South African government has pledged its commitment to the attainment of decent work and sustainable livelihoods for all workers and has undertaken to mainstream decent work imperatives into national development strategies. The four strategic objectives of decent work as identified by the ILO are: i) the promotion of standards and rights at work, to ensure that worker's constitutionally protected rights to dignity, equality and fair labour practices, amongst others, are safeguarded by appropriate legal frameworks; (ii) the promotion of employment creation and income opportunities, with the goal being not just the creation of jobs but the creation of jobs of acceptable quality; (iii) the provision and improvement of social protection and social security, which are regarded as fundamental to the alleviation of poverty, inequality and the burden of care responsibilities; and (iv) the promotion of social dialogue and tripartism. This article considers the progress made towards the attainment of these decent work objectives in South Africa, using five statistical indicators to measure such progress namely: (i) employment opportunities; (ii) adequate earnings and productive work; (iii) stability and security of work; (iv) social protection; and (v) social dialogue and workplace relations. It concludes that high levels of unemployment and a weakened economy in South Africa have given rise to a growing informal sector and an increase in unacceptable working conditions and exploitation. The rights of workers in the formal sector have not filtered down to those in the informal sector, who remains vulnerable and unrepresented. Job creation initiatives have been undermined by the global recession and infrastructural shortcomings and ambitious governmental targets appear to be unachievable, with youth unemployment levels and gender inequalities remaining of grave concern. Social protection programmes fail to provide adequate coverage to the majority of the economically active population. Social dialogue processes and organisational structures fail to accommodate or represent the interests of the informal sector. Until these problems are overcome, the article concludes, it remains unlikely that decent work imperatives will be attained.

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Major-Hesloot, ME, LC Crous, K. Grimmers-Somers, and QA Louw. "Management of LBP at primary care level in South Africa: up to standards?" African Health Sciences 14, no. 3 (September 3, 2014): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v14i3.28.

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McCulloch, Jock, and Geoffrey Tweedale. "Double Standards: The Multinational Asbestos Industry and Asbestos-Related Disease in South Africa." International Journal of Health Services 34, no. 4 (October 2004): 663–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/f06d-le93-m6lh-xj0b.

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Harrington, Chris, and Anne-Louise Cruickshank. "Nurses can meet the challenge of haemophilia care in South Africa." Journal of Haemophilia Practice 1, no. 3 (October 1, 2014): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17225/jhp.00033.

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Abstract Haemophilia care in South Africa faces a number of challenges and nurses can play a significant role in addressing these and raising standards of practice. This report considers those challenges and steps taken by the country as it has attempted to meet them. It also summarises the key themes that arose from a nursing workshop held November 2013 as part of a MASAC symposium and facilitated by the authors.

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Lim Tung, Odile Juliette. "Organic Food Certification in South Africa: A Private Sector Mechanism in Need of State Regulation?" Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 19 (October 24, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2016/v19i0a584.

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Organic production targets the development of a sustainable cultivation system and a variety of high-quality products with emphasis on environmental protection, biodiversity and high standards of animal protection. In South Africa, the organic sector pioneered private practices and systems in small informal groups to guide the public and private sectors on environmental and sustainability issues. A private certification system for organic products is applicable in the country consisting of network certification and third-party certification in collaboration with foreign and locally-based certification organisations. Local producers also use self-declaratory vendor claims associated with organic labels. A State auditor mechanism is nonetheless applicable with respect to the use of the term “free range” on labels for meat products. South African National Standards (SANS 1369) on Organic Agricultural Production and Processing (OAPP) have been drafted by the South African Bureau of Standards (SABS) but the final version has not yet been made public. There is presently no specific legislation on organic products in the country but draft regulations (under the Agricultural Product Standards Act) on the control and sale of organic products which have not yet been promulgated. With mainly a private organic food certification system, to what extent do South African organic food products respect rules of organic production? This paper looks into the organic food regulation in South Africa and examines how far this private sector mechanism for organic food certification is in need of State regulation.

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Seidman, Ann. "The Need for an Appropriate Industrial Strategy to Support Peasant Agriculture." Journal of Modern African Studies 24, no. 4 (December 1986): 547–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00007205.

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MOST economists agree that industrialisation should help to increase agricultural productivity and raise the living standards of rural producers. In the 1970s, however, manufacturing in sub-Saharan Africa, even including South Africa, grew at a slower rate than in any other region except South-East Asia. Furthermore, far from promoting the anticipated outcome, industrialisation in Southern Africa undermined peasant farm cultivation and contributed to the present crisis in African agriculture.

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Alhadeff, Vic. "Journalism during South Africa's apartheid regime." Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 10, no. 2 (July 27, 2018): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v10i2.5924.

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Vic Alhadeff was chief sub-editor of The Cape Times, Cape Town’s daily newspaper, during the apartheid era. It was a staunchly anti-apartheid newspaper, and the government had enacted a draconian system of laws to govern and restrict what media could say. The effect was that anti-apartheid activists such as Mandela were not 'merely’ imprisoned, they were also banned, as was the African National Congress. Under the law, it was illegal to quote a banned person or organisation. This meant if there was to be an anti-apartheid rally in the city – and we reported it – it could be construed as promoting the aims of a banned organisation. As chief sub-editor, I had to navigate this minefield. In addition, most English-language newspapers were anti-apartheid and had a resident police spy on staff (one of our senior journalists); on a number of occasions I would receive a call from the Magistrate’s Office after the newspaper had gone to print at midnight, putting an injunction on a story. We would have to call back the trucks and dump the 100,000 copies of the newspaper and reprint. The challenge was to inform readers as what was happening and to speak out against apartheid – without breaking the law. South Africa had its own Watergate equivalent. The apartheid government understood that English speakers generally were anti-apartheid, so it siphoned 64 million rands from the Defence budget and set up the Information Department. The aim was to purchase media outlets overseas which would be pro-apartheid, and it set up an English-language newspaper in South Africa, to be pro-apartheid. It was called The Citizen – and I was offered a job as deputy editor at double my salary, plus an Audi. (I declined the offer, for the record). Two journalists uncovered the scandal, and brought down the Prime Minister.

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Nortje, Jacobus Gerhardus, and Daniel Christoffel Myburgh. "The Search and Seizure of Digital Evidence by Forensic Investigators in South Africa." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 22 (April 25, 2019): 1–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2019/v22i0a4886.

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The discipline of digital forensics requires a combination of skills, qualifications and knowledge in the area of forensic investigation, legal aspects and information technology. The uniqueness of digital evidence makes the adoption of traditional legal approaches problematic. Information technology terminology is currently used interchangeably without any regard to being unambiguous and consistent in relation to legal texts. Many of the information technology terms or concepts have not yet achieved legal recognition. The recognition and standardisation of terminology within a legal context are of the utmost importance to ensure that miscommunication does not occur. To provide clarity or guidance on some of the terms and concepts applicable to digital forensics and for the search and seizure of digital evidence, some of the concepts and terms are reviewed and discussed, using the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977 as a point of departure. Digital evidence is often collected incorrectly and analysed ineffectively or simply overlooked due to the complexities that digital evidence poses to forensic investigators. As with any forensic science, specific regulations, guidelines, principles or procedures should be followed to meet the objectives of investigations and to ensure the accuracy and acceptance of findings. These regulations, guidelines, principles or procedures are discussed within the context of digital forensics: what processes should be followed and how these processes ensure the acceptability of digital evidence. These processes include international principles and standards such as those of the Association of Chiefs of Police Officers and the International Organisation of Standardisation. A summary is also provided of the most influential or best-recognised international (IOS) standards on digital forensics. It is concluded that the originality, reliability, integrity and admissibility of digital evidence should be maintained as follows: Data should not be changed or altered. Original evidence should not be directly examined. Forensically sound duplicates should be created. Digital forensic analyses should be performed by competent persons. Digital forensic analyses should adhere to relevant local legal requirements. Audit trails should exist consisting of all required documents and actions. The chain of custody should be protected. Processes and procedures should be proper, while recognised and accepted by the industry. If the ACPO (1997) principles and ISO/IEC 27043 and 27037 Standards are followed as a forensic framework, then digital forensic investigators should follow these standards as a legal framework.

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Enslin, Zack, Wilna Bruwer, and Christa Viljoen. "Enhancing risk-related disclosure in South Africa: a study on guidelines and current practices." Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 8, no. 1 (April 30, 2015): 261–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v8i1.94.

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Investors partake in the risk of a company, in expectation of a return on investment which is in accordance with the company’s risk profile. Due to recent corporate failures, which are partly attributable to insufficient risk management, a call by investors for enhanced risk-related disclosure resulted in the publication of various international standards and guidelines on best practices for risk disclosure. This study compiled a disclosure index from these standards and guidelines in order to serve as a disclosure-enhancing tool for the management of South African companies. This index was subsequently used to investigate current practices exhibited by top listed companies in South Africa. Disclosure practices by these companies indicate that there is scope for improvement in risk- and risk-management-related disclosure by these companies.

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Mutereko, Sybert, and Fayth Ruffin. "Using Performance Standards as Criteria to Measure Teacher Effectiveness in Post-apartheid South Africa." International Journal of Educational Sciences 14, no. 1-2 (July 2016): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09751122.2016.11890481.

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Drijfhout, Douwe. "Digital Preservation Practices in South Africa: Review of Existing Policy, Legislation, Guidelines and Standards." Alexandria: The Journal of National and International Library and Information Issues 19, no. 1 (April 2007): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095574900701900106.

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Prather-Kinsey, Jenice. "Developing countries converging with developed-country accounting standards: Evidence from South Africa and Mexico." International Journal of Accounting 41, no. 2 (January 2006): 141–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intacc.2006.04.007.

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Nembilwi, Ndamulelo, Hector Chikoore, Edmore Kori, Rendani B. Munyai, and Tshilidzi C. Manyanya. "The Occurrence of Drought in Mopani District Municipality, South Africa: Impacts, Vulnerability and Adaptation." Climate 9, no. 4 (April 9, 2021): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli9040061.

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Mopani District Municipality in the northeast of South Africa is largely semi-arid and frequently affected by meteorological droughts. The recent 2015/16 event had devastating impacts on water levels, crop yields, livestock herds and rural livelihoods. We investigated the nature of the drought hazard; its impacts, including vulnerability of rural communities in Mopani District and adaptation strategies they have employed to cope with drought. A mixed methods approach with both quantitative and qualitative datasets was used. The district was divided into two distinct climatic areas: the drier eastern lowveld and the wetter western bushveld. Questionnaires were administered among community members whilst key informant interviews were conducted among relevant government and municipal officials. Climate data was used to characterize historical drought using a Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index whilst vegetation anomaly maps were used to demonstrate impacts. Spatially distinct patterns of drought conditions were evident with harsh and dry conditions towards the east. It was found that nearly half the time there is some form of drought or another in the district mostly linked to the remote El Nino phenomenon. In several areas, rain-fed agriculture is no longer tenable, with a direct impact on rural livelihoods. A Household Vulnerability Index determined variable levels of vulnerability such that different strategies are employed to adapt to drought some of which cause environmental problems. Local government intervention strategies include supply of seeds and fertilisers, providing cheap fodder and supplying water using trucks. The findings of this study contribute to disaster risk reduction efforts in a region that is highly vulnerable to current and future climate-risks.

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GRANT, EVADNÉ. "HUMAN RIGHTS, CULTURAL DIVERSITY AND CUSTOMARY LAW IN SOUTH AFRICA." Journal of African Law 50, no. 1 (April 2006): 2–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855306000039.

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In the joined cases of Bhe v. Magistrate Khayelitsha and Others; Shibi v. Sithole and Others; South African Human Rights Commission and Another v. President of the Republic of South Africa and Another (2005(1) B.C.L.R. 1 (CC)), the South African Constitutional Court held unanimously that the male primogeniture rule according men rights to inheritance not enjoyed by women enshrined in the South African Customary Law of Succession violated the right to equality guaranteed under section 9 of the South African Constitution. On one level, the decision can be seen as a triumph for the universality of human rights norms. On another level, however, the case raises difficult questions about the relationship between human rights and culture. The aim of this paper is to assess the judgment critically in the context of the ongoing debate about the application of international human rights standards in different cultural settings.

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Chellan, Jamila, and Maureen Nokuthula Sibiya. "An audit tool for relicensing inspection for private hospitals in eThekwini district, South Africa." African Health Sciences 20, no. 2 (July 22, 2020): 936–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v20i2.49.

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Background: South Africa is moving towards National Health Insurance (NHI), which aims to provide access to universal health coverage for all South Africans. The NHI will only accredit and contract eligible health facilities that meet nationally approved quality standards in the public and private sector. Detailed tools for measuring compliance with the National Core Standards (NCS) and Batho Pele principles have been developed and implemented in the public sector. To date and since its implementation in the public sector, very little is known about the national audit tool and the method used to evaluate quality and patient safety standards in private hospitals in eThekwini district. Objective: The aim of the study was to develop an audit tool for relicensing inspection of private hospitals in eThekwini district based on the clinical domains of the NCS and Batho Pele principles. Methodology: An exploratory sequential mixed method research design was used with a qualitative first phase involving 24 nurse managers through purposive sampling. This was followed by a quantitative phase in which a structured questionnaire was administered to 270 nurses who were randomly sampled for the study from 4 hospitals. Results: The results revealed that the NCS and the Batho Pele principles are not fully implemented or evaluated in the se- lected hospitals in eThekwini district. Conclusion: These findings were significant and denoted the need for a standardised clinical audit tool for private hospitals in eThekwini district. Keywords: Audit tool; best practices; patient care; patient rights;, support services.

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Sherman, T., and M. De Klerk. "International financial reporting standards and foreign ownership in South African companies." Southern African Business Review 19, no. 1 (February 26, 2019): 72–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1998-8125/5834.

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Previous literature suggests that the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) can facilitate cross-border capital flows, as it results in an increase in market liquidity and comparability benefits. Using foreign ownership levels in South African listed companies during the period 2003 to 2007, we test whether this association holds in a South African context when the top 40 South African companies mandatorily adopted IFRS. The results indicate that the adoption of IFRS did not have a significant positive association with foreign ownership levels during the sample period. We attribute the result to the harmonisation project undertaken in South Africa to align local accounting standards (SAGAAP) with the IFRS before the mandatory adoption thereof.

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Essack, Zaynab, and Douglas R. Wassenaar. "South African Research Ethics Committee Review of Standards of Prevention in HIV Vaccine Trial Protocols." Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics 13, no. 3 (April 9, 2018): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1556264618763422.

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HIV prevention trials provide a prevention package to participants to help prevent HIV acquisition. As new prevention methods are proven effective, this raises ethical and scientific design complexities regarding the prevention package or standard of prevention. Given its high HIV incidence and prevalence, South Africa has become a hub for HIV prevention research. For this reason, it is critical to study the implementation of relevant ethical-legal frameworks for such research in South Africa. This qualitative study used in-depth interviews to explore the practices and perspectives of eight members of South African research ethics committees (RECs) who have reviewed protocols for HIV vaccine trials. Their practices and perspectives are compared with ethics guideline requirements for standards of prevention.

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Steyn, Dirk A., Thea L. Voogt, and Ben Marx. "The engagement decision in medium audit practice in South Africa." Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 1, no. 2 (October 31, 2007): 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v1i2.366.

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The decision to accept an appointment as registered external auditor to an audit client (the engagement decision) has in recent years been subject to an increased level of professional care and consideration, mainly as a result of previous experiences of engagement decisions that have led to audit practitioners suffering significant financial losses and litigation exposure, as well as significant amendments to statutory regulation and new International Standards on Auditing. The engagement decision is affected by a number of factors or motivational drivers. The purpose of this article is to discuss some of these factors related to the audit practitioner’s business that may be grouped together under the headings of commercial, professional and organisational considerations. The article further reports on the extent to which auditors in medium audit practice in South Africa considers the three groups of considerations during the engagement decision, based on questionnaire results. Lastly, the article comments on the need for a balanced approach to the three groups of considerations to manage the auditor’s business risk associated with the engagement decision.

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Alexander, W. V., and A. Wood. "Experimental Investigations into the Use of Emergent Plants to Treat Sewage in South Africa." Water Science and Technology 19, no. 10 (October 1, 1987): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0097.

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South Africa is a relatively water-short country which has many rural communities with water-borne sewage infrastructures requiring low technology treatment facilities. In order to protect the water resources of the country the authorities have set high standards for effluent quality (COD < 75 mg/l, NH3 < 10 mg/l, E. coli < 1000 and in some areas P < 1 mg/l). Traditionally, oxidation ponds have been used in these applications but have not been able to consistently meet the required standards and recently interest has been shown in artificial wetlands as a low technology means of solving the problem. As a result several experimental projects are at present being initiated in South Africa, both as primary and secondary treatment for domestic sewage and also as a tertiary treatment to remove nitrogen, phosphorus and E. coli from conventional sewage plant effluents. The designs of these experimental projects are described in the paper and it is hoped that data will be available for presentation at the seminar.

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Edlund, Karl Kilbo, Felicia Killman, Peter Molnár, Johan Boman, Leo Stockfelt, and Janine Wichmann. "Health Risk Assessment of PM2.5 and PM2.5-Bound Trace Elements in Thohoyandou, South Africa." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3 (February 2, 2021): 1359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031359.

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We assessed the health risks of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) ambient air pollution and its trace elemental components in a rural South African community. Air pollution is the largest environmental cause of disease and disproportionately affects low- and middle-income countries. PM2.5 samples were previously collected, April 2017 to April 2018, and PM2.5 mass determined. The filters were analyzed for chemical composition. The United States Environmental Protection Agency’s (US EPA) health risk assessment method was applied. Reference doses were calculated from the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, South African National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), and US EPA reference concentrations. Despite relatively moderate levels of PM2.5 the health risks were substantial, especially for infants and children. The average annual PM2.5 concentration was 11 µg/m3, which is above WHO guidelines, but below South African NAAQS. Adults were exposed to health risks from PM2.5 during May to October, whereas infants and children were exposed to risk throughout the year. Particle-bound nickel posed both non-cancer and cancer risks. We conclude that PM2.5 poses health risks in Thohoyandou, despite levels being compliant with yearly South African NAAQS. The results indicate that air quality standards need to be tightened and PM2.5 levels lowered in South Africa.

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Jones, D., P. Paige-Green, and E. Sadzik. "Development of Guidelines for Unsealed Road Assessment." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1819, no. 1 (January 2003): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1819a-42.

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The assessment of unsealed roads in South Africa has, up to now, been done on an ad hoc basis with a variety of individual standards and has produced highly subjective results. A standard visual assessment manual has been developed to provide a single, unified objective system of unsealed road evaluation in South Africa and southern Africa. The assessment techniques, as well as standard descriptors of the various distress modes, are clearly defined in the document. Examples of the content and application of the document are provided and discussed.

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