Academic literature on the topic 'Trucks – Standards – South Africa'
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Journal articles on the topic "Trucks – Standards – South Africa"
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Csavajda, Péter, and Péter Böröcz. "Climate Conditions in ISO Container Shipments from Hungary to South Africa and Asia." Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering 47, no. 3 (July 10, 2018): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/pptr.11585.
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The aim of this paper is to provide useful information about climate conditions of transcontinental shipments from Hungary and compare them to the climate profiles of conditioning standards. The climatic environments inside ISO intermodal containers carrying automotive products to three different destinations in India, China and South Africa were measured. All three recorded surveys contain temperature and relative humidity data while the containers were stored outdoors and indoors and travelled on truck, rail and ship. The measured data was analyzed and mean statistical values of daily temperature and RH shifts were determined for each route. The recorded data shows that 50 % of maximum temperature and RH shifts occurred in the EU continent. Temperature and relative humidity distribution as a function of cumulative percentages [%] of the duration of total shipping was also determined and compared to the climate profiles of conditioning standards. It shows that peak temperature and RH ranges occur mostly in the defined duration of conditioning testing time.
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Wu, Ke Man, De Zao Hou, Lian De Zhong, Chang Cheng Li, and Jun Jun Tang. "Summary of and Lessons from Domestic and Overseas Setting of Truck Escape Ramp." Applied Mechanics and Materials 607 (July 2014): 839–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.607.839.
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Setting condition and setting location of truck escape ramps in the USA, New Zealand, South Africa, Britain, Australia and China are analyzed in detail and summarized in this paper, it is found that more comprehensive consideration is made in the USA, and it is considered that the function of quantitative analysis for setting the location of truck escape ramp is limited. Finally, clauses and clause explanations which can be adopted in standards and regulations for domestic transportation industry are formed.
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Taylor, Nick. "Standards-based accountability in South Africa." School Effectiveness and School Improvement 20, no. 3 (July 22, 2009): 341–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09243450902916704.
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Wium, Jan A., Johan Retief, and Celeste Viljoen. "Lessons from development of design standards in South Africa." IABSE Symposium Report 102, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 3198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137814814070000.
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Gerson, Vicki. "Case management accreditation: Setting the standards in south africa." Case Manager 9, no. 5 (September 1998): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1061-9259(98)80096-9.
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International Monetary Fund. "South Africa: Report on Observance of Standards and Codes." IMF Staff Country Reports 10, no. 272 (2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781455206551.002.
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Little, KM, and CA Rolando. "Regional vegetation management standards for commercialEucalyptusplantations in South Africa." Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science 70, no. 2 (August 2008): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/south.for.2008.70.2.4.532.
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Uys, M. S., and J. H. Diener. "Orthopaedic manipulative physiotherapy in South Africa." South African Journal of Physiotherapy 52, no. 4 (November 30, 1996): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajp.v52i4.619.
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To ensure effective patient care, all members of the health team should review professional competency and standards of service provision. A questionnaire was sent to all members of the orthopaedic Manipulative Therapists group (OMTG) to establish their qualification and skills, and the scope of practice of Orthopaedic Manipulative Therapy (OMT) physiotherapists. It included a short self and peer review. The results of this study urge the NEC of the OMTG to address pertinent issues that were raised: post-graduate study, international trends, research, dissemination of knowledge, quality assurance, professional image and prophylactic programmes in a primary health care system.
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Alexander Ivey, James. "Double Standards: South Africa, British Rugby, and the Moscow Olympics." International Journal of the History of Sport 36, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 104–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2019.1638770.
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Ann Law, Melanie. "The development of core standards for editing in South Africa." Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 29, no. 3 (September 2011): 275–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2011.647491.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Trucks – Standards – South Africa"
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Loots, Erik. "HME Management in Mega Mining: Sishen Mine – South Africa." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Engineering Management, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7441.
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Janse, van Rensburg Heidi. "Standards and indicators for sustainability in South African businesses." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14334.
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Sustainability reporting is becoming increasingly important, and governments and stock exchanges of many countries require or strongly encourage businesses to provide some level of sustainability reporting. South Africa is one of few emerging market economies and the only country in Africa which show substantial sustainability reporting activities. In South Africa, sustainable development has been recognised at a constitutional and legislative level. Companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) must integrate sustainability reporting with financial reporting, or explain why they are not complying. Establishing a suitable sustainability reporting framework should therefore be part of the strategic integration of sustainability with other aspects of organisational planning and decision-making. This study suggests such a framework of standards and indicators for sustainability reporting in South African businesses, and evaluates it in South African listed companies. Mixed methods research was used in two phases. In phase 1, a critical analysis of the literature produced a framework of standards and indicators to be used as a measure to evaluate sustainability reporting in South Africa. In phase 2, first hand, original data was collected by performing a quantitative content analysis of sustainability reports of 84 companies listed on the Johannesburg stock exchange with the aim to identify standards and indicators that are applied in the content of sustainability reports in South Africa. Quantitative content analysis involves analysing material and then classifying it into various coding units or themes found in the material - it is a systematic way of converting text to numerical variables for quantitative data analysis.
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Thomson, Steven Michael. "A standards-based security model for health information systems." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/718.
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In the healthcare environment, various types of patient information are stored in electronic format. This prevents the re-entering of information that was captured previously. In the past this information was stored on paper and kept in large filing cabinets. However, with the technology advancements that have occurred over the years, the idea of storing patient information in electronic systems arose. This led to a number of electronic health information systems being created, which in turn led to an increase in possible security risks. Any organization that stores information of a sensitive nature must apply information security principles in order to ensure that the stored information is kept secure. At a basic level, this entails ensuring the confidentiality, integrity and availability of the information, which is not an easy feat in today’s distributed and networked environments. This paved the way for organized standardization activities in the areas of information security and information security management. Throughout history, there have been practices that were created to help “standardize” industries of all areas, to the extent that there are professional organizations whose main objective it is to create such standards to help connect industries all over the world. This applies equally to the healthcare environment, where standardization took off in the late eighties. Healthcare organizations must follow standardized security measures to ensure that patient information stored in health information systems is kept secure. However, the proliferation in standards makes it difficult to understand, adopt and deploy these standards in a coherent manner. This research, therefore, proposes a standards-based security model for health information systems to ensure that such standards are applied in a manner that contributes to securing the healthcare environment as a whole, rather than in a piecemeal fashion.
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Shika, Matsepane Rebecca. "Radiation safety standards at public hospitals in Limpopo Province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/859.
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Mostert-Wentzel, Karien. "Development of standards for undergraduate community physiotherapy education in South Africa." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/32938.
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Introduction: Education of physiotherapists still fails to meet the health and social needs of society. One instrument to steer change in health sciences education is a re-designed curriculum. The overall intent of this study was to develop standards of competencies, teaching and learning strategies, and assessment, for an undergraduate community physiotherapy curriculum in South Africa.
The grounding for this research was pragmatism. The Six-step model for curriculum development and the Clinical Prevention and Population Health Curriculum framework guided the research process and main analysis. Methods : A sequential mixed method design was used. First, a two-phase parallel situation analysis was conducted which included a qualitative document analysis of community physiotherapy curricula of the eight physiotherapy university departments in South Africa and a review of health policy documents. The experience of 12 purposively selected physiotherapists who had completed a compulsory community service year was qualitatively explored through interviews within an appreciative inquiry stance. In phase 2, input was gained from physiotherapists, from all ecological levels, on the community physiotherapy curriculum through a Delphi study. Three rounds were used. Round 1 explored the roles of physiotherapy in community health, round 2 quantified consensus in overarching competency domains, and round 3 gathered learning and teaching, and assessment, strategies to gain these competencies. Results : All eight universities had gaps in their community physiotherapy curriculum and were variedly aligned with South African health policies and health profile. Graduates need to be able to provide physiotherapy over the lifespan, to conditions mirroring the quadruple burden of disease, in settings varying from hospitals to homes of clients, with emphasis on health education and promotion within an interprofessional team. They must be prepared for suboptimal practice environments and to utilise the compulsory community service year as a gateway in professional development. Graduates need resilience to cope during the year and awareness about the importance of identifying a mentor in the frequent absence of a profession-specific supervisor. Community physiotherapy needs three core knowledge and skill sets; i.e. clinical physiotherapy, population health and community development. Consensus of 70%+ was gained on competency criteria in the domains of the following professional roles: clinician, professional, communicator and collaborator, scholar, health promoter, public health practitioner, community developer (change agent), and manager/leader. Service-learning was identified as a strategy to develop these roles supported by learning and assessment portfolios. Reflection in different formats – essays, presentations, case analysis, projects such as community wellness programmes, diaries - is a core activity to facilitate learning. A range of complementary strategies were suggested that included direct observation, role-play, and journal clubs. Core to assessment for professional competencies is for the students to be able to give evidence of their own learning (e.g. in a portfolio or oral examination) and to get frequent formative feedback. Conclusion : The physiotherapy profession is important for improving the health status of the South African population. Physiotherapy students should be educated to take on relevant professional roles through the application of appropriate educational standards. The study recommends that the curriculum standards be implemented and evaluated and that the application of complex theory in the further development and implementation of the curriculum be investigated. Lastly, future research in the generic professional domains, such as public health and community development, should be interprofessional in nature.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2013
Physiology
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Le, Roux Leonard. "Agricultural change and farmworker living standards in post-apartheid South Africa." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30961.
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Commercial agriculture in South Africa has been subject to accelerated regulatory and economic change in the time since the country’s democratization. This dissertation focusses on some of the interactions of these changes with the prospects of low-income farmworkers and farm dwellers through exploring two interlinked questions. The first of these asks whether consolidation in the industry has extended to growing firm size and in-turn, whether farmworkers in larger firms earn higher wages than those in small firms. An analysis of the firm-size earnings relationship using long run labour survey data is discussed in the context of current debates on agrarian policy. The second question relates to the process of rural-urban migration off commercial farms and into urban areas in the post-apartheid period. Using a panel of individuals and in so doing, controlling for unobserved individual heterogeneity and initial household fixed effects, a difference in differences approach is used to estimate the impacts of migration on various measures of individual living standards. Together these two questions attempt to characterise aspects of the changing nature of life on farms. The results suggest that there exists a significant firm-size earnings premium for farmworkers and that this may be increasing over time. In addition the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) data suggests that migration off farms has mixed implications for living standards, but is associated with significant gains in per-capita income, electricity and sanitation access.
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Du, Toit Engela A. "Certification standards for sustainable game ranching in the Northern Province, South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51648.
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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Formal systems of environmental management and certification for activities associated with extensive land use, relate mainly to forestry. The emergence of forest certification largely originates from the issue of tropical deforestation and the associated boycott campaigns against tropical timber. At the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, a new set of international norms were set in the form of Forest Principles. These were non-binding and together with international initiatives, such as the Tropical Forestry Action Programme and the International Tropical Timber Organisation have failed to decrease deforestation. New efforts to encourage sustainable forestry through forest certification were made by Non Governmental Organisations which collaborated with the private sector in developing new policy instruments. They followed the trend of eco-labelling in an attempt to link green consumers to producers whose aim it is to improve management practices. The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) was established. The FSC system relies on forest management principles and criteria approved by itself and is based on performance standards. The International Standards Organisation (ISO) also developed a management standard based on the principle of continuous improvement. ISO developed the ISO 14001 standard for the certification of Environmental Management Systems which is applicable to any industry concerned with the environment. From questionnaire surveys carried out among a sample of private game ranch owners/managers in the Northern Province, current standards of management were established. It was found that private owners/managers rely mostly on their own experience and knowledge. Information about management on game ranches is rarely available and only major concerns and most visible problems are attended to. Guidelines with standards for an Environmental Management System (EMS) according to the ISO 14000 series were drawn up from the results of the surveys and a literature review. A checklist of principles and criteria which could be used for the certification process was also developed. The final objective is to attain quality game ranch management which is environmentally sensitive, socially aware/beneficial and economically viable. This is crucial for the conservation and preservation of the natural systems in South Africa in which private land owners playa major role.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Formele omgewingsbestuursisteme en sertifisering vir aktiwiteite wat geassosieer word met ekstensiewe grondbenutting, word hoofsaaklik gekoppel met bosbou. Die konsep van sertifisering het tot stand gekom as gevolg van die omstredenheid rondom ontbossing en die gassosieerde sanksies teen tropiese hout. By die Verenigde Nasies Konferensie oor Omgewing en Ontwikkeling in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 is 'n nuwe stel internasionale norme daargestel in die vorm van Bosbeginsels. Hierdie was nie-bindend en saam met internasionale inisiatiewe soos die Tropiese Bos Aksie Program en die Internasionale Tropiese Hout Organisasie het hulle gefaal om ontbossing te verminder. Nuwe pogings om volhoubare bosboupraktyke aan te moedig is aangewend nadat Nie-Regering Organisasies en die privaatsektor saamgewerk het om nuwe beleidsinstrumente te ontwikkel. Hulle het die neiging vir die "eko-etiket" nagevolg in 'n poging om omgewingsbewuste verbruikers in kontak te bring met produseerders wat gemoeid is met verbeterde bestuurspraktyke. Die Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) het tot stand gekom en hulle sisteem sluit bosbestuursbeginsels en kriteria in wat deur hulleself goedgekeur is en gebaseer is op werkverrigtingstandaarde. Die Internasionale Standaarde Organisasie (ISO) het ook 'n bosbestuurstandaard opgestel gebaseer op die beginsel van kontinue verbetering. ISO het die ISO 14001 standaard opgestel vir Omgewingsbestuursisteme wat van toepassing gemaak kan word op enige industrie wat gemoeid is met die omgewmg. Na afhandeling van vraelys opnames onder privaat wildsplaas eienaars/bestuurders, is daar vasgestel wat die standaard van bestuur tans in die Noordelike Provinsie is. Privaat eienaarsIbestuurders maak meestal staat op hulle eie ondervinding en kennis. Inligting oor die bestuur van die wildsplase is nie geredelik beskikbaar nie en slegs die mees sigbare en grootste probleme word bestuur. 'n Riglyn met standaarde vir 'n Omgewingsbestuursisteem volgens ISO is opgestel vanaf resultate van die opnames en 'n literatuurstudie asook 'n "Checklist" wat beginsels en kriteria insluit wat gebruik kan word in die sertifiseringsproses is ook ontwerp. Die finale doel is om kwaliteit bestuur te bewerkstellig wat omgewingsensitief, sosiaal bewus/voordelig en ekonomies lewensvatbaar is. Laasgenoemde is uiters belangrik aangesien privaat grondeienaars 'n sleutelrol speel in die bewaring en preservering van die natuurlike sisteme in Suid-Afrika.
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Law, Melanie Ann. "The development of professional standards for editing in South Africa /|cM.A. Law." Thesis, North West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/12826.
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Currently, South African editors do not have a prescribed set of professional editing standards. The absence of standards is cause for concern because it reflects the largely unregulated status of the South African editing industry. An important problem arising from the lack of standards is that there is no way in which the industry can determine the competence of its practitioners. In addition, the absence of standards also affects other areas of the industry, such as training, accreditation, regulation and professionalisation. As a consequence, editors struggle to obtain professional recognition for their work. Against this background, this study postulates that the development of standards for South African editors is possible and necessary. However, because the South African editing industry is highly diversified in terms of the various contexts in which editors may work, the development of standards needs to be based on the identification of shared or core tasks and skills that are essential for the everyday work of all editors, together with the identification of tasks and skills specific to certain sectors. This may lead to the development of a set of core standards for editors, supplemented by sector-specific standards. The focal point of this study is the first of these two aspects: the development of core standards for editors in South Africa. In order to develop core standards for South African editors, this study comprises a literature review and empirical investigation. The literature review analyses the status of the South African editing industry, and also contributes to the identification of a comprehensive list of tasks and skills involved in editing. The empirical investigation is based on a survey questionnaire (utilising the tasks and skills identified in the literature review) designed to collect data on which tasks and skills form an essential part of South African editors' work. The questionnaire was sent to a stratified sample of South African editors, reflecting the four sectors identified for the purposes of this study: editing for book publishing, editing for mass media, technical editing and academic editing. The data collected from the questionnaire was analysed utilising various statistical methods, in order to extrapolate core (or shared) tasks and skills among South African editors. These core tasks and skills were used to draft a document outlining core standards for South African editors, which was tested for accessibility and clarity
by means of a semi-Delphi study.M.A., Language Practice, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2010
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Danster, Franscesca Olivia. "An evaluation of the assessment criteria of the Unit Standard 115789." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1215.
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This study investigates the assessment criteria of Unit Standard 115789: Communication Studies and Language. In general unit standards are registered, standardised statements of expected education and training outcomes including assessment criteria and other regulatory information required by training providers and assessors to train and assess learners under the Skills Development Act of 1998. However, it was found that many training providers and assessors share the view that in the case of Unit Standard 115789, among others, the assessment criteria and their descriptors are generic, vague and non-context specific to the extent that trainers and assessors have difficulty in developing appropriate and reliable assessment tools and instruments that allow them to adhere to the basic principles of assessment, namely transparency, validity, reliability, consistency, practicability, fairness, flexibility and usability. The main concern of the study is that learners will be declared communicatively competent individuals in a variety of professional and industrial environments when in fact they are not. The study traces the origins and development processes of Unit Standard 115789 in order to gain a clearer understanding of the problems experienced by training providers and assessors in the implementation of the assessment criteria. It then proposes a set of guidelines that will assist training providers and assessors to make the assessment criteria more accessible and the assessment processes more reliable, valid and consistent. Finally, it makes a number of recommendations to ensure that the problems of implementation of Unit Standard 115789 currently experienced by training providers and assessors are alleviated.
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Shippey, Theodore Clive. "Standards and quality in higher education." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1987.
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Thesis (Laureatus in Technology (Teacher Education)) -- Cape Technikon, Cape Town,1994The main hypothesis underlying this study has been formulated on the basis of an identified need in the Republic of South Africa (RSA) for a means of ensuring and preserving acceptable standards (by international norms) and quality in higher education. It has been assumed that this need may partially be met by the adaptation of selected overseas systems of quality control and systems of evaluation and accreditation of standards. The emphasis throughout is on intelligent, selective adaptation of successful attempts at controlling and managing standards and quality in higher education. One of the primary reasons for the establishment of a model for the preservation and enhancement of standards in higher education in the RSA, becomes clear when one identifies the emergence of a growing number of aspirant students. Many of those students attended schools where neither the tuition nor the facilities provided a suitable foundation for further studies at an advanced level. A further need for such a model is related to great pressures to lower standards which are being exerted by political and social groups and the prevailing views amongst many educators that a decrease in standards is inevitable. The hypotheses that will be tested include the assumption that a lowering of standards will seriously affect industry, commerce, and the whole social fabric and ultimately the credibility of South Africa's higher educational institutions and the acceptability of their graduates. This study is therefore aimed primarily at focusing attention on the need for an awareness amongst the higher educational community, and other communities, of the implications of vastly increased enrolments of under-prepared students.
Books on the topic "Trucks – Standards – South Africa"
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Evictions in South Africa: Relevant international and national standards. Bellville]: Community Law Centre, University of the Western Cape, 2008.
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Bardis, Panos Demetrios. South Africa and the Marxist movement: A study in double standards. Lewiston, N.Y: E. Mellen Press, 1989.
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Schimmel, Gail. Advertising law: A guide to the code of advertising practice. Cape Town: Juta, 2014.
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The World Trade Organization and sustainable development. New York, NY: United Nations University, 2005.
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The world trade organization and sustainable development. Tokyo: United Nations University, 2005.
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Report of Harmonization of Nursing/Midwifery Education Workshop: January 20-24, 1997, held at South Africa Interim Nursing Council, Pretoria, South Africa. Pretoria: The Department, 1997.
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Energy saving building in South Africa: A commentary on SANS 204 and more. Bryanston, South Africa: Buildaid Pub., 2011.
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Inc, ICON Group International. 2000 Import and Export Market for Mechanically-Propelled Work Trucks for Short Distance in South Africa. Icon Group International, 2001.
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Brianne McGonigle, Leyh. 4 Legal Acts, 4.1 Legal Consequences for States of the Continued Presence of South Africa in Namibia (South West Africa) notwithstanding Security Council Resolution 276 (1970) , Advisory Opinion, [1971] ICJ Rep 16. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198743620.003.0019.
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The Advisory Opinion on the Legal Consequences for States of the Continued Presence of South Africa in Namibia touches upon the role of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in exercising review over the factual and legal determinations of other principal UN organs, including the UN General Assembly (GA) and Security Council (SC). The relevance of the case, with regard to international organizations and legal acts, hinges on the findings related to the role of the ICJ as a judicial institution vis-à-vis its more political counterparts within the UN organization, the dissolution and succession of international organizations, and the power and limits of international organizations to ensure compliance with their rules and standards.
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Fox, Eleanor M., and Mor Bakhoum. Making Markets Work for Africa. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190930998.001.0001.
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This book explores sub-Saharan Africa, markets, economic development and competition policy. Specifically, the book examines the special social-economic-political situation in sub-Saharan African countries at various stages of development, from small and quite undeveloped countries of West Africa to the middle-class economy of South Africa. It considers what these countries do and what they can be expected to do in competition law and policy and relates these realities and capabilities to what has become known as the “international standards” of competition law and policy. The book seeks to determine the fit of developing countries’ needs with developed countries’ standards, and proposes a new way forward that takes on board the UN post-millennium development goals of sustainable inclusive development.
Book chapters on the topic "Trucks – Standards – South Africa"
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Alexander Ivey, James. "Double Standards: South Africa, British Rugby, and the Moscow Olympics." In Sport and Apartheid South Africa, 135–52. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003205272-9.
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Mncube, Liberty, and Mfundo Ngobese. "Working Out the Standards for Excessive Pricing in South Africa." In Excessive Pricing and Competition Law Enforcement, 159–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92831-9_6.
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Putilo, Natalia V., Natalia S. Volkova, Yuliya N. Kashevarova, and Natalia V. Antonova. "Constitutional Bases of Social Rights in South African States and Their Compliance with Generally Accepted International Standards." In Supporting Inclusive Growth and Sustainable Development in Africa - Volume I, 51–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41979-0_5.
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Nordengen, Paul, Hans Prem, and Luan Mai. "An initiative to introduce a performance-based standards (PBS) approach for heavy vehicle design and operations in South Africa." In International Conference on Heavy Vehicles HVParis 2008, 73–84. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118557464.ch5.
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Maumbe, Blessing M., and Vesper T. Owei. "Understanding the Information Security Landscape in South Africa." In Standards and Standardization, 1018–31. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8111-8.ch048.
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Information security risks are a major threat to South Africa's bid to build a broad-based information society. The integration of information security in e-government is no longer an option, but an imperative given the resulting “information overload” and the need to filter “good” from “bad” information. Unless South Africa integrates information security in its e-government development policy and practices, the acclaimed benefits of e-government will not be realized. The moral hazard problems arising from bad information behavior such as human manipulation, withholding information, unauthorized access, and violation of individual privacy and confidentiality heightens the need to combat info-security risks and vulnerabilities. South Africa's readiness to deal with the information security risks has come under scrutiny. The information security infrastructure in South Africa is also not clearly understood. This chapter examines South Africa's information security landscape and describes how institutional and agency coordination could help improve information security in e-government.
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Scheepers, Nic, and Antony Cooper. "South Africa Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Data." In World Spatial Metadata Standards, 431–49. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-008043949-5/50026-7.
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Govindjee, Avinash. "Employment Protection in South Africa." In Employment Protection Legislation in Emerging Economies, 140–56. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4134-9.ch007.
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This chapter tests the existing (labour and social security-related) legislation against the South African constitutional framework, as well as international and regional standards. The issues to be addressed specifically include the following: 1) Is the existing legislation pertaining to employment protection, unemployment, and work constitutionally compliant? 2) Is it correct to expect legislation (and state policy) to regulate matters such as job-retention and work creation (for example, by activating the work force and through the creation of public works programmes), and if so, does the present statutory and policy framework address this expectation adequately? 3) To what extent is the legislation compliant with international standards and best practices, and are there fresh approaches to address the present malaise, perhaps emanating from regional standards and experiences? 4) Finally, are there any best practices or lessons learned through the South African experience that should influence developments in other emerging economies?
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"Chapter Four. Normative Standards And Practical Prospects For Further Prosecutions." In Post-TRC Prosecutions in South Africa, 167–228. Brill | Nijhoff, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004177031.i-260.28.
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"National Standard for the Exchange of Digital Geo-Referenced Information (NES) South Africa." In Spatial Database Transfer Standards 2: Characteristics for Assessing Standards and Full Descriptions of the National and International Standards in the World, 225–35. Elsevier, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-008042433-0/50020-4.
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Cramer, Christopher, and Shingie Chisoro-Dube. "The Industrialization of Freshness and Structural Transformation in South African Fruit Exports." In Structural Transformation in South Africa, 120–42. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192894311.003.0006.
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Economists have historically tended to identify industrial processes and technological sophistication with manufacturing, and not with agriculture. This chapter illustrates the substantial scope to apply sophisticated technologies and industrial processes necessary to shift resources out of low-productivity activities into higher-productivity activities, i.e. to generate ‘structural change’ in the production of ‘fresh’ agricultural export production. Leveraging the concept of the ‘industrialization of freshness’, this chapter uses evidence from South Africa’s fresh-fruit industry to show how advances in technology have been a key mechanism through which structural transformation towards high-value fruit has occurred in the industry. The chapter also shows how building capabilities to harness technological changes is necessary for increased market access through enabling producers to keep up with escalating quality standards; to comply with the many—and complex—sanitary and phytosanitary requirements; and to adapt to climate change. However, despite evidence of dynamism in fruit production, effective structural transformation in the South African fruit industry has been limited by widespread underinvestment in infrastructure—ports, rural internet capacity, water infrastructure, and technical capacity.
Conference papers on the topic "Trucks – Standards – South Africa"
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Mzungu, H. M., M. J. Manyage, M. A. Khan, P. Barendse, T. L. Mthombeni, and P. Pillay. "Application of induction machine efficiency testing standards in South Africa." In 2009 IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference (IEMDC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iemdc.2009.5075394.
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Duncker, L. C. "Towards norms and standards for water services in rural South Africa." In WATER AND SOCIETY 2015. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ws150161.
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Berman, Robert, Richardt Benade, and Benjamin Rosman. "Autonomous prediction of performance-based standards for heavy vehicles." In 2015 Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa and Robotics and Mechatronics International Conference (PRASA-RobMech). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/robomech.2015.7359520.
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Xavier, Ria, Bernard Bekker, and Munyaradzi Justice Chihota. "Smart Inverters in LV networks: A Review of International Codes and Standards, and Opportunities for South Africa." In 2021 Southern African Universities Power Engineering Conference/Robotics and Mechatronics/Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (SAUPEC/RobMech/PRASA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/saupec/robmech/prasa52254.2021.9377224.
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Swayne, Rick, and Bryan A. Erler. "Globalization of ASME Nuclear Codes and Standards." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89778.
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With the globalization of the nuclear industry, it is clear that the reactor suppliers are based in many countries around the world (such as United States, France, Japan, Canada, South Korea, South Africa) and they will be marketing their reactors to many countries around the world (such as US, China, South Korea, France, Canada, Finland, Taiwan). They will also be fabricating their components in many different countries around the world. With this situation, it is clear that the requirements of ASME Nuclear Codes and Standards need to be adjusted to accommodate the regulations, fabricating processes, and technology of various countries around the world. It is also very important for the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) to be able to assure that products meeting the applicable ASME Code requirements will provide the same level of safety and quality assurance as those products currently fabricated under the ASME accreditation process. To do this, many countries are in the process of establishing or changing their regulations, and it is important for ASME to interface with the appropriate organizations in those countries, in order to ensure there is effective use of ASME Codes and standards around the world.
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Agyemang, Malena, and Nathan G. Johnson. "Development of Biomass Energy Technologies and Business Models for Southern Africa." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-48033.
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This study evaluates options for biomass pellet formulations and business models to create a sustainable energy solution for cooking energy in Southern Africa. Various agricultural wastes and agro-processing wastes are investigated to meet industry standards on biomass pellet quality. These fuels are obtained from farms and facilities across a geographic area that affects the end-cost of the pellet through transportation costs and the cost of the biomass. The technical performance of the pellet and cost of the pellet are first contrasted and then optimized in unison to develop sustainable energy options that can provide year-round clean energy for household cooking and heating needs. A market was analyzed using wheat, sugarcane and maize crops as components for the biomass pellet fuel source in the Zululand district of South Africa. Using a target moisture content (MCtarget) of 8–10%, a target lower heating value (LHVtarget) greater than 16.0 MJ/kg and a target percent ash (Ashtarget) less than 3%, pellet metrics were optimized. The cost of the crops for the pellets was dependent upon the amount of each biomass used to make up the composition of the pellet. The production demand was then analyzed based on the most current consumer cooking fuel demand within South Africa. The production model was evaluated for three factory sizes; small (1hr/ton), medium (3hr/ton), and large (5hr/ton). Primary shipping cost is based on factory location and has a major impact on the cost of the pellet for the consumer as well as the availability of the supply. Factory location was analyzed by varying the biomass crop distance to the factory. Several business models are evaluated within this study to show which representation results in a high quality pellet of low cost to consumer. The study suggests the pellet be composed of 44.62% sugarcane, 47.49% maize, and 0.82% wheat resulting in a LHV of 16.00 MJ/kg, a MC of 8 (w/w%), and an ash content of 3 (w/w%). The optimal cost of the biomass fuel pellet for the consumer ranged from 172.77US$/ton to 185.03 US$/ton.
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Meyer, Johan, Hannelie Nel, and Nickey Janse van Rensburg. "Systems Engineering Education in an Accredited Undergraduate Engineering Program." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-68038.
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Developing countries are mostly reliant on external technologies and this augments the need for systems engineering capability in these economies. It is therefore imperative that systems engineering as theory and practice is included in undergraduate engineering curricula to strengthen the internal technological capability of a country’s developing engineers. In South Africa, the quality of undergraduate engineering programs is governed by the Engineering Council of South Africa (affiliated under the Washington Accord); and the exit level outcomes of the programs are predetermined explicitly per module. Systems engineering was introduced to an undergraduate electrical engineering program offered in the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment at the University of Johannesburg; and a framework developed to ensure that the program still meets the requisite ECSA exit level outcomes and therefore international standards. This paper presents the design and implementation of the framework, as well as the challenges that students are exposed to when faced with real-world systems engineering practice. Students were grouped into independent product development teams using a software support tool which promotes diversity and skill-level targets for each team. The independent team structure required the use and application of the systems engineering process and supported the development of management and communication skills. Furthermore, the framework allowed assessment of the performance of each product development team towards achieving the overall project objectives. One of the accreditation requirements of undergraduate engineering programs is peer assessment and this was achieved by the process. The paper closes by presenting the results of the stated framework implementation in an undergraduate electrical engineering program offered in the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment at the University of Johannesburg.
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Anderson, John, and Maja Wilson. "The Many Inputs To Creating a Single Moving Form, the V&A Swingbridge." In Footbridge 2022 (Madrid): Creating Experience. Madrid, Spain: Asociación Española de Ingeniería Estructural, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24904/footbridge2022.109.
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<p>The moving bridges within the V&A Waterfront, Cape Town, South Africa, are a recognised part of its identity and a memorable part of any visitor’s experience. One of its moving footbridges, a cable stayed swing bridge was recently replaced with a new wider swing bridge. The new 4 m wide bridge doubles the previous crossing’s capacity and improves access across the cut to the expanding Clock Tower Precinct. Moving bridges are an integration of many functional design requirements and, in the V&A, important experiences and place-makers for visitors. This paper tells the story of how, from the integration of needs and opportunities, the design of the new bridge developed. The finished form is cable-stayed with a single plane of four locked coil cables connecting to the deck’ central, upstand spine beam. A reclining pylon is a continuity of the main central beam and its stiffness transfers the cable loads into the piled substructure. The superstructure rotates on a 3550 mm diameter, internally geared, three-row roller slew bearing that is driven by four hydraulic motors with a maximum output torque of 42 kNm each. Performing to the same high standards of its predecessor, the new footbridge opens and closes up to sixty times a day, carrying up to</p><p>2.4 million people per year. The need to maintain access across the cut meant it was installed and commissioned within one month of the removal of the previous bridge.</p>
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Kappanna, Hemanth K., Marc C. Besch, Arvind Thiruvengadam, Pragalath Thiruvengadam, Peter Bonsack, Daniel K. Carder, Mridul Gautam, et al. "Evaluation of Drayage Truck Chassis Dynamometer Test Cycles and Emissions Measurement." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2012-92106.
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In 2006, the ports of Long Beach and Los Angeles adopted the final San Pedro Bay Ports Clean Air Action Plan (CAAP), initiating a broad range of programs intended to improve the air quality of the port and rail yard communities in the South Coast Air Basin. As a result, the Technology Advancement Program (TAP) was formed to identify, evaluate, verify and accelerate the commercial availability of new emissions reduction technologies for emissions sources associated with port operations, [1]. Container drayage truck fleets, an essential part of the port operations, were identified as the second largest source of NOx and the fourth largest source of diesel PM emissions in the ports’ respective 2010 emissions inventories [2, 3]. In response, TAP began to characterize drayage truck operations in order to provide drayage truck equipment manufacturers with a more complete understanding of typical drayage duty cycles, which is necessary to develop emissions reduction technologies targeted at the drayage market. As part of the broader TAP program, the Ports jointly commissioned TIAX LLC to develop a series of drayage truck chassis dynamometer test-cycles. These cycles were based on the cargo transport distance, using vehicle operational data collected on a second-by-second basis from numerous Class 8 truck trips over a period of two weeks, while performing various modes of typical drayage-related activities. Distinct modes of operation were identified; these modes include creep, low-speed transient, high-speed transient and high-speed cruise. After the modes were identified, they were assembled in order to represent typical drayage operation, namely, near-dock operation, local operation and regional operation, based on cargo transport distances [4]. The drayage duty-cycles, thus developed, were evaluated on a chassis dynamometer at West Virginia University (WVU) using a class 8 tractor powered by a Mack MP8-445C, 13 liter 445 hp, and Model Year (MY) 2011 engine. The test vehicle is equipped with a state-of-the-art emissions control system meeting 2010 emissions regulations for on-road applications. Although drayage trucks in the San Pedro Bay Ports do not have to comply with the 2010 heavy-duty emissions standards until 2023, more than 1,000 trucks already meet that standard and are equipped with diesel particulate filter (DPF) and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology as used in the test vehicle. An overview of the cycle evaluation work, along with comparative results of emissions between integrated drayage operations, wherein drayage cycles are run as a series of shorter tests called drayage activities, and single continuous drayage operation cycles will be presented herein. Results show that emissions from integrated drayage operations are significantly higher than those measured over single continuous drayage operation, approximately 14% to 28% for distance-specific NOx emissions. Furthermore, a similar trend was also observed in PM emissions, but was difficult to draw a definite conclusion since PM emissions were highly variable and near detection limits in the presence of DPF. Therefore, unrepresentative grouping of cycle activity could lead to over-estimation of emissions inventory for a fleet of drayage vehicles powered by 2010 compliant on-road engines.
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Marais, Johan, and Charles F. Ridolfo. "Challenges and Opportunities in Providing a Digital Protection System for the PBMR." In Fourth International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/htr2008-58173.
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The Republic of South Africa is currently developing the Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (PBMR); an advanced, fourth-generation reactor that incorporates inherent safety features, which require no human intervention and which provide an unprecedented level of nuclear safety. In addition to electrical power generation, the reactor is uniquely suited for a variety of non-traditional nuclear applications including oil sands extraction, desalination, and hydrogen production. A state-of-the-art digital Protection System for the PBMR is currently being developed in conjunction with Westinghouse Electric Company (WEC). The Protection System provides for: • reactor shutdown using two different reactor trip methodologies (dropping of the control rods and insertion of Small Absorber Spheres (SASs) which are composed of boron carbide); • post-event monitoring; and • manual reactor shutdown, which is independent of software-based systems. The reactor shutdown and post-event instrumentation monitoring components of the Protection System are being implemented utilizing the WEC ‘Common Q’ platform, which is comprised of ‘commercially dedicated’ Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), colour-graphic Flat Panel Displays (FPDs) with integral touch screens, and high-speed data communication links. High reliability and availability are achieved through component redundancy, continuous automatic self-testing which is run online in a background mode, and implementation of a multi-channel system design which is tolerant to failures. The Protection System is also designed to support periodic surveillance testing through a suite of built-in computer-aided test facilities that are accessible via an FPD interface. These allow various system surveillance requirements to be readily performed in a convenient and systematic manner. This paper discusses the following topics with regard to the PBMR Protection System: development strategy, functional requirements, selection of applicable Codes and Standards, key design specifications, architectural configuration, design and implementation challenges, and unique opportunities that are provided by this type of Protection System.
Reports on the topic "Trucks – Standards – South Africa"
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African Open Science Platform Part 1: Landscape Study. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0047.
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This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.