Journal articles: 'Trucks – Dynamics'

1

NAGATANI, TAKASHI. "CHAOS AND DYNAMICS OF CYCLIC TRUCKING OF SIZE TWO." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 15, no. 12 (December 2005): 4065–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127405014507.

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We study dynamical behavior of a few trucks which shuttle between an origin and a destination repeatedly. One loads goods on to trucks at the origin and the truck unloads at the destination. We present the dynamical model for cyclic trucking. The model is described in terms of only one nonlinear map defined from the vector Ti(n), i = 1,2,…,N for N trucks where Ti(n) is the arrival time of truck i at the origin on trip n. The study is limited to the case of two trucks. We clarify the time variations of time headway and tour time for the truck schedule. The distinct dynamical states (the regular, periodic, and chaotic motions) are found by varying delay time T min and loading parameter Γ. It is shown that dynamical transitions occur among the regular, periodic and chaotic motions. In periodic and chaotic motions, the tour time of trucks fluctuates highly and the carrying goods vary the tour time accordingly.

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Yin, Yu Ming, Jue Yang, and Wen Ming Zhang. "Handling and Roll Prediction of Electric Drive Mining Trucks." Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (June 2013): 1135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.1135.

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A method is proposed to predict the handling and roll properties of electric drive mining trucks and evaluate their safety status. Trucksim is used to simulate the truck dynamics and Simulink is used to model the electric drive system, the truck model takes a double-lane change manoeuvre according to ISO 3888-1. A 190t mining truck is demonstrated and the understeer gradient and roll angle results respect its safety status well. Using this method, mining truck designers could make the handling and roll prediction before manufacture and modify their design.

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Yuan, Kai, and Hong K. Lo. "Multiclass Traffic Flow Dynamics: An Endogenous Model." Transportation Science 55, no. 2 (March 2021): 456–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2020.1015.

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Vehicles on roads can be distinguished, each defined by its own set of properties (e.g., fleet length and free-flow speed). The traffic states on roads can be attributed to the longitudinal heterogeneity in vehicles. Vehicles slower than prevailing vehicles are defined as moving bottlenecks. On a multilane road section with multiple vehicle types, slower vehicles create moving bottlenecks and induce overtaking by faster vehicles so as to maintain their higher desired speed. The influence of single-class moving bottlenecks has been studied in the past. However, the impacts of multiple classes of moving bottlenecks have not yet been fully explored. This paper categorizes vehicles into passenger cars, medium trucks, and heavy trucks. By defining medium trucks and heavy trucks as moving bottlenecks, we develop analytical formulas for the fundamental diagram on a multilane road section with heterogeneous moving bottlenecks. The formula confirms that the composition of traffic and the longest truck platoon length influence the fundamental diagram. We then conduct simulations using a first-order kinematic wave model in Lagrangian coordinates to validate the fundamental diagram developed with the analytical formula and obtain promising results. This study provides fundamental knowledge for multiclass traffic modeling and multilane traffic operations.

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Ramezani, Hani, Steven E. Shladover, Xiao-Yun Lu, and Osman D. Altan. "Micro-Simulation of Truck Platooning with Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control: Model Development and a Case Study." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 19 (August 29, 2018): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118793257.

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Cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) systems have the potential to improve traffic flow and fuel efficiency, but these effects are challenging to estimate. This paper reports the development of a micro-simulation model to represent these impacts for heavy trucks using CACC when they share a freeway with manually driven passenger cars. The simulation incorporates automated truck-following models that have been derived from experimental data recorded on heavy trucks driven under CACC, adaptive cruise control (ACC), and conventional cruise control (CC). The simulation includes other behavioral models for lane changing, lane change cooperation and lane use restrictions for trucks to better capture real-world traffic dynamics. The paper explains the calibration of the simulation method for a 15-mile urban freeway corridor with heavy truck traffic and significant congestion. Simulation results for different market penetration rates show that truck CACC improved traffic operations for trucks in terms of vehicle miles traveled, average speed, and flow rate. In addition, truck CACC did not adversely affect passenger car operations and in some locations it even produced considerable improvements in the general traffic conditions.

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Ding, Haitao, Amir Khajepour, and Yanjun Huang. "A novel tripped rollover prevention system for commercial trucks with air suspensions at low speeds." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 232, no. 11 (November 11, 2017): 1516–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017731987.

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This paper presents a novel system to avoid tripped rollovers at low-speed operations for commercial vehicles with air suspension systems. This is of particular significance since truck rollovers have become a serious road safety problem, which usually lead to severe injuries and fatalities. Several active anti-rollover systems have been proposed in the past two decades; however, most of them focus on untripped rollover prevention instead of the tripped rollovers. Up to now, very few pieces of literature discuss the approaches that are used to avoid tripped rollovers of trucks. Furthermore, the air suspension is widely used for commercial vehicles, thus it provides an opportunity to prevent rollovers when properly manipulated. Therefore, a novel tripped rollover prevention system is proposed for trucks at low-speed operations with air suspensions. A roll dynamics model with an air spring is built to investigate the dynamic behavior and the time response of the whole system. More importantly, the feasibility of this new anti-rollover system is discussed and verified by the co-simulations in TruckSim and MATLAB/Simulink under two possible tripped rollover conditions.

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Chen, Yutao, Nazar Rozkvas, and Mircea Lazar. "Driving Mode Optimization for Hybrid Trucks Using Road and Traffic Preview Data." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 14, 2020): 5341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205341.

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This paper proposes a predictive driver coaching (PDC) system for fuel economy driving for hybrid electric trucks using upcoming static map and dynamic traffic data. Unlike traditional methods that optimize over engine torque and brake to obtain a speed profile, we propose to optimize over driving modes of trucks to achieve a trade-off between fuel consumption and trip time. The optimal driving mode is provided to the driver as a coaching recommendation. To obtain the optimal solution, the truck dynamics are firstly modeled as a hybrid controlled switching dynamical system with autonomous subsystems and then a hybrid optimal control problem (HOCP) is formulated. The problem is solved using an algorithm based on discrete hybrid minimum principle. A warm-start strategy to reduce algorithmic iterations is used by employing a shrinking horizon strategy. In addition, an extensive analysis of the proposed algorithm is provided. We prove that the the coasting mode is never optimal given the truck configuration and and we provide a guideline for tuning parameters to maintain the optimal mode sequence. Finally, the algorithm is validated using real-world data from baseline driving tests using a DAF hybrid truck. Significant reduction in fuel consumption is achieved when the data is perfectly available.

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Goenaga, Boris, Shane Underwood, and Luis Fuentes. "Effect of Speed Bumps on Pavement Condition." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 9 (July 16, 2020): 66–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120927005.

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Speed bumps are efficient traffic calming devices that allow transport authorities to control vehicle speeds and improve safety in specific locations. Though frequently used in residential areas, they have become increasing prevalent in other higher volume roadways (particularly in developing countries), because of their effectiveness, low-cost of implementation, and easy installation process. However, in these countries there is no proper technical guidance for speed bump design and implementation, which is why one can often find these devices placed on an arterial highway or on roads where the proportion of trucks is high. The most important consequence of placing a speed bump on a road with large numbers of trucks is that the pavement deterioration process will accelerate as a result of the induced vibrations and bouncing of a truck’s suspension. In this paper the relationship between the bump geometry—length and height—and the dynamic load transmitted to the pavement is studied. A full truck model has been used to simulate the vehicle dynamics while passing over the bump, to estimate the demand imposed over the pavement. Damage was calculated for each simulation scenario using a combination of linear-elastic analysis and empirical damage functions. The geometry that leads to less damage is the circular, with a minimum length of two meters and a maximum height of ten centimeters.

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Nowak, Andrzej S. "Load model for bridge design code." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 21, no. 1 (February 1, 1994): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l94-004.

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The paper deals with the development of load model for the Ontario Highway Bridge Design Code. Three components of dead load are considered: weight of factory-made elements, weight of cast-in-place concrete, and bituminous surface (asphalt). The live load model is based on the truck survey data. The maximum live load moments and shears are calculated for one-lane and two-lane bridges. For spans up to about 40 m, one truck per lane governs; for longer spans, two trucks following behind the other provide the largest live load effect. For two lanes, two fully correlated trucks govern. The dynamic load is modeled on the basis of simulations. The results of calculations indicate that dynamic load depends not only on the span but also on road surface roughness and vehicle dynamics. Load combination including dead load, live load, dynamic load, wind, and earthquake is modeled using Turkstra's rule. The maximum effect is determined as a sum of the extreme value of one load component plus the average values of other simultaneous load components. The developed load models can be used in the calculation of load and resistance factors for the design and evaluation code. Key words: bridge, dead load, live load, dynamic load, load combinations.

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9

Satoh, Eisakul, Masayuki Miyamoto, Kazuhiko Tezuka, Katoshi Fukazawa, Takeshi Hayase, and Yasutoyo Ishiguro. "Dynamics of Railway Vehicle with independently Rotating Wheel Trucks Serving as Driving Truck." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 61, no. 582 (1995): 579–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.61.579.

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10

Dadonov, Mikhail, Alexander Kulpin, Valery Borovtsov, and Anar Zhunusbekova. "Effect of aerodynamic loads on redistribution of normal reactions of quarry dump trucks tires." E3S Web of Conferences 174 (2020): 03018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017403018.

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Tires of quarry dump trucks occupy one of the leading places in the item of costs for motor transport, as they are expensive product and at the same time more than half of them do not generate their resource. The causes of premature tires failure are exceeding normal load on them. In turn, the aerodynamic forces effect on the quarry dump truck as one of the influencing factors, is the dynamic redistribution of normal loads on tires and, as a result, affects temperature modes. The determination of the load on the tire under different operating conditions will increase the service life of the tires and avoid early failure. The proposed calculation method of aerodynamic loads and their influence on redistribution of normal mine dump truck tires reactions in dynamics allows to make correction to load modes and control the tires resource, which will lead to more complete use of tires resource.

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11

Fomin, O., S. Kara, P. Prokopenko, M. Gorbunov, and V. Fomin. "EVALUATION OF DYNAMIC QUALITIES OF MOVEMENT OF RE-EQUIPPED HOPPER CARS OF PILS OF LONG-TERM OPERATION." Collection of scientific works of the State University of Infrastructure and Technologies series "Transport Systems and Technologies", no. 36 (December 30, 2020): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2617-9040-2020-36-4.

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As part of the work, a theoretical and experimental study (based on running dynamic tests) of the running qualities of empty hopper cars, converted from cement trucks and mineral trucks, was conducted. Computer simulation of the dynamics of empty hopper wagons converted from cement and mineral wagons depending on the condition of the track, the technical condition of the wagons and the weight of the container, the repeated presence of maximum vertical deviations and horizontal deviations of the track. A significant disadvantage of the railway transport of Ukraine is the limitation of the speed of trains with individual freight cars in an empty state, which are equipped with carts model 18-100. Among the reasons for the descent of the wheels of cars from the rails are: malfunctions of the running gear of the cars (fracture of the side frames and spring beams of the carts, malfunctions of the roller bearings of the axle box), wear of friction damper elements, unacceptable deviations and upgrades. As part of the work, a theoretical and experimental study (based on running dynamic tests) of the running qualities of empty hopper cars, converted from cement trucks and mineral trucks, was conducted. Computer modeling of the dynamics of empty hopper wagons, converted from cement and mineral wagons depending on the condition of the track, the technical condition of the wagons and the weight of the container and studies of the dependence of the wheel stability on the east.

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12

SUDA, Y., R. J. ANDERSON, and K. YAMADA. "DYNAMICS OF UNSYMMETRIC SUSPENSION TRUCKS WITH SEMIACTIVE CONTROL." Vehicle System Dynamics 23, sup1 (January 1994): 480–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00423119308969535.

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13

He, Li, Jing Lai Wu, Man Long Peng, Yu Ming Hou, and Li Ping Chen. "Modeling and Co-Simulation for Air Brake System of Heavy Truck." Advanced Materials Research 466-467 (February 2012): 1109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.466-467.1109.

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Air brake systems have been widely used in heavy trucks and intercity buses for its great superiority over other brake system. In traditional, many researchers focused on the vehicle dynamics which employ the static characteristic of brake system to analysis the vehicle brake capacity. In fact, the practical performance of air brake system may be greatly different from the static theory. Thus, it is necessary to build an integrate air brake system model to simulate the process of brake accurately. Also, some works focused on the dynamic characteristics of brake system have been completed, but it is not comprehensive without the considering the effect of vehicle dynamics. In this paper, a completely air brake system dynamic model is built, where the air brake system contains pneumatic subsystem and mechanical subsystem. The air brake system is embedded in a heavy truck dynamic model which contains three axles. The simulation results show the brake distance, vehicle velocity, vehicle deceleration, and brake torque for each wheel in the process of brake.

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14

Chu, Duanfeng, Xiao-Yun Lu, Chaozhong Wu, Zhaozheng Hu, and Ming Zhong. "Smooth Sliding Mode Control for Vehicle Rollover Prevention Using Active Antiroll Suspension." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/478071.

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The rollover accidents induced by severe maneuvers are very dangerous and mostly happen to vehicles with elevated center of gravity, such as heavy-duty trucks and pickup trucks. Unfortunately, it is hard for drivers of those vehicles to predict and prevent the trend of the maneuver-induced (untripped) rollover ahead of time. In this study, a lateral load transfer ratio which reflects the load distribution of left and right tires is used to indicate the rollover criticality. An antiroll controller is designed with smooth sliding mode control technique for vehicles, in which an active antiroll suspension is installed. A simplified second order roll dynamic model with additive sector bounded uncertainties is used for control design, followed by robust stability analysis. Combined with the vehicle dynamics simulation package TruckSim, MATLAB/Simulink is used for simulating experiment. The results show that the applied controller can improve the roll stability under some typical steering maneuvers, such as Fishhook and J-turn. This direct antiroll control method could be more effective for untripped rollover prevention when driver deceleration or steering is too late. It could also be extended to handle tripped rollovers.

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15

Nader, Mirosław, Michał Opala, and Jarosław Korzeb. "Selected studies of dynamics of railway flat-car used for transport of semi-triler truck (TIR)." WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering 125 (June 1, 2019): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.6574.

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The paper presents a pilot analysis of the dynamics of a railway wagon designed for transporting road semi-trailer trucks. Attention was given to the innovative solution of the wagon construction, having a movable platform enabling transportation of road vehicles as a part of intermodal transport. The technical description presented in the article takes into account the provisions of Patent No. 214797, for the invention under the name "Railway transport wagon, railway transport unit and railway transport system containing such wagon". The work presents the concept of technical characteristics of the wagon construction solution and a simulation model was built using in-house software. The technical parameters were analyzed, followed by pilot simulation tests. This paper presents the results of research on the dynamics of the platform wagon, loaded with a typical road semi-trailer truck. The system's eigenvalues were analyzed, allowing for the initial assessment of dynamic phenomena occurring in the conditions of exploitation of the loaded wagon. The tests are of pilot nature and constitute a prelude to carry out complex simulation analyzes including tests of dynamics while running on transition curves, arcs, and wear of the rolling surfaces of wheels and rails at different traffic speeds.

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ElMaraghy, W. H., and R. V. Dukkipati. "LATERAL STABILITY ANALYSIS OF A RAILWAY TRUCK ON ROLLER RIG." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 21, no. 3 (September 1997): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-1997-0015.

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Generic linear models were developed of a freight car (with a characteristic North American three-piece truck) on tangent track. The models were developed using the generalized multi-body dynamics software MEDYNA. Predictions were made of the theoretical linear model hunting (lateral stability) characteristics of the freight car, i.e., the critical speeds and frequencies, for five different configurations: (a) freight car on track, (b) the freight car’s front truck on the roller stand and its rear truck on track, (c) freight car on the roller rig, (d) a single truck on track and (e) single truck on the roller stand. These were compared with the Association of American Railroads’ field test data for an 80-ton hopper car equipped with A-3 ride control trucks. Agreement was reached among all the analytical models, with all models indicating a range of hunting speeds of 2% from the highest to lowest. The largest discrepancy, approximately 8%, was indicated between the models and the field test data.

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Ott, W. C., and A. T. Papagiannakis. "Weigh-in-Motion Data Quality Assurance Based on 3-S2 Steering Axle Load Analysis." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1536, no. 1 (January 1996): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153600102.

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An innovative method is offered for conducting the quality assurance of weigh-in-motion (WIM) data by analyzing the variation in the measurements of five-axle semitrailer (3-S2) truck steering-axle loads. Confidence-interval limits for those measurements are established on the basis of their historic mean static loads adjusted for the effect of air resistance and their combined variation from two sources, the variation within a fleet of 3-S2 trucks and the variation due to axle dynamics at a WIM site. The first variation was determined by analyzing historic 3-S2 load data obtained by FHWA using static scales. The second variation was established through dynamic vehicle simulations of a “typical” 3-S2 truck using vehicle model VESYM and the roughness profile at a particular WIM site. The method was tested with data from four WIM systems in the state of Washington, two bending-plate systems and two piezoelectric systems. The proposed method resulted in clear indications of the performance of the scale versus time by the number of confidence interval violations observed.

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18

Satoh, Eisaku, Masayuki Miyamoto, Katoshi Fukazawa, and Takeshi Hayase. "Dynamics of a Railway Vehicle with Independently Rotating Wheel Trucks." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 59, no. 566 (1993): 3123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.59.3123.

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19

Thater, G., P. Chang, D. R. Schelling, and C. C. Fu. "Estimation of bridge static response and vehicle weights by frequency response analysis." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 25, no. 4 (August 1, 1998): 631–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l97-128.

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A methodology is developed to more accurately estimate the static response of bridges due to moving vehicles. The method can also be used to predict dynamic responses induced by moving vehicles using weigh-in-motion (WIM) techniques. Historically, WIM is a well-developed technology used in highway research, since it has the advantage of allowing for the stealthy automatic collection of weight data for heavy trucks. However, the lack of accuracy in determining the dynamic effect in bridges has limited the potential for its use in estimating the fatigue life of bridge structures and their components. The method developed herein amends the current WIM procedures by filtering the dynamic responses accurately using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Example applications of the proposed method are shown by using computer-generated data. The method is fast and improves the predicted truck weight up to 5% of the actual weight, as compared to errors up to 10% using the current WIM methods.Key words: weigh-in-motion, digital filters, FFT, bridge dynamics, in-service testing.

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20

Zhang, Si Qi, Tian Xia Zhang, and Shu Wen Zhou. "Study on Semi-Active Control for Leaf Spring Suspension Based on Virtual Prototyping." Advanced Materials Research 118-120 (June 2010): 733–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.118-120.733.

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Conventional leaf spring suspension in heavy duty trucks can afford large carry capacity and better handling stability ability but less ride performance. In this paper a semi-active control was embed to the leaf spring suspension. The dynamics model of semi-active leaf spring suspension was built and analyzed. A full function heavy duty tractor using virtual prototyping was built and assembled in dynamics simulation software. A bumpy road test was performed to verify the performance of the proposed semi-active suspension. The results show that the semi-active leaf spring suspension proposed in this paper can improve the ride performance of the heavy duty trucks. The occupants in the vehicle cab will feel more comfortable.

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21

Ushkalov, V. F., and N. V. Bezrukavyi. "Study of the dynamics of freight cars with radial-type trucks." Technical mechanics 2020, no. 1 (February 27, 2020): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/itm2020.01.106.

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22

Ferrari, Paolo. "The dynamics of the competition between cars and trucks on motorways." Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 19, no. 4 (August 2011): 579–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2010.09.012.

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23

Ahmadian, Mehdi, and Wei Huang. "A Qualitative Analysis of the Dynamics of Self-Steering Locomotive Trucks." Vehicle System Dynamics 37, no. 2 (February 1, 2002): 85–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/vesd.37.2.85.3537.

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Kaiser, A. B., J. P. Cusumano, and J. F. Gardner. "Modeling and Dynamics of Friction Wedge Dampers in Railroad Freight Trucks." Vehicle System Dynamics 38, no. 1 (July 1, 2002): 55–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/vesd.38.1.55.3519.

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Pottinger, M. G., W. Pelz, G. A. Tapia, and C. B. Winkler. "A Free-Rolling Cornering Test for Heavy-Duty Truck Tires." Tire Science and Technology 24, no. 2 (April 1, 1996): 153–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2137516.

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Abstract Under the guidance of the SAE Truck Tire Characteristics Task Force, the background to support the creation of a recommended practice for experimentally determining the free-rolling cornering properties of heavy-duty truck tires has been developed. The value of such a recommended practice lies in the establishment of a broadly accepted procedure for obtaining the free-rolling cornering data needed to represent tires in vehicle dynamics simulations of commercial trucks. This paper presents the proposed test procedure and background data. It contains a summary of the proposed test procedure, example data from CALSPAN and UMTRI using the proposed procedure, a statistical comparison of the data from CALSPAN and UMTRI, a discussion of the effect of inflation pressure on the data, a discussion of how the proposed test affects tire cornering properties and tread surface topography, and a look at the projected future work of the task force.

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Li, Xian-Sheng, Yuan-Yuan Ren, and Xue-Lian Zheng. "Model-Free Adaptive Control for Tank Truck Rollover Stabilization." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (August 20, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8417071.

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Influenced by lateral liquid sloshing in partially filled tanks, tank vehicles are apt to encounter with rollover accidents. Due to its strong nonlinearity and loading state uncertainty, it has great challenges in tank vehicle active control. Based on the model-free adaptive control (MFAC) theory, the roll stability control problem of tank trucks with different tank shapes and liquid fill percentages is explored. First, tank trucks equipped with cylinder or elliptical cylinder tanks are modelled, and vehicle dynamics is analyzed. This dynamic model is used to provide I/O data in the controlled system. Next, the control objective of tank vehicle rollover stabilization is analyzed and the controlled variable is selected. Subsequently, differential braking and active front steering controller are designed by MFAC algorithm. Finally, the effectiveness of the designed controllers is verified by simulation, and difference between the controllers is analyzed. The controller designed by MFAC algorithm is proven to be adaptive to vehicle loading and driving states. The controlled system has great robustness.

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Vikovich, Igor, Roman Zinko, Mar'yan Lavrovsky, and Andriy Polyakov. "Experimental studies of adapted medium-duty fire trucks for emergency response." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Transport 12, no. 2 (February 2021): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/2413-4503-2020-12-2-25-33.

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Fire trucks should be maximally adapted to the elimination of emergency situations, in particular, to provide the necessary intensity of supply of extinguishing agents, that is, to be multifunctional. Special requirements are imposed on fire-fighting vehicles: high cross-country ability and speed, the ability to transport one compartment, transport tools and equipment for grabbing, backfilling with soil, filling the edge of the fire with water or chemical solutions, and the like. Scientific research is aimed at developing ways to assess the effectiveness of new models of fire and rescue vehicles for compliance with the requirements of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Ukraine, in particular, through comparative analysis with alternative samples, to determine the factors affecting the operation of a fire truck, to develop a method for adapting vehicles for emergency response, to improve their level of operational excellence and operational efficiency. To realize the purpose of the assessment tests, a test procedure was developed and an experimental model of a fire-fighting vehicle for emergency response was created. The obtained relationship between the number of revolutions of the crankshaft of the engine and the value of the dynamic torque in the transmission of the test fire vehicle in the case of a sharp engagement of the clutch in the vehicle starting modes can be represented graphically. It is proposed to compare different variants of fire engine designs to take this characteristic as an efficiency criterion. Experimental studies were carried out: starting a car from a place on a steep rise, followed by an increase in gears; overcoming a roadside ditch with flat walls 0.2–0.6 m deep and at an angle of 45° to its axis; running over with wheels of one side of a fire engine on a curb 140–150 mm high; entering a turn from straight-line movement to the minimum possible turning radius on an asphalt surface in II and III gears at a constant speed of 10-12 km/h. To confirm the validity of the accepted assumptions of the mathematical model, the accuracy of applications and the reliability of the results obtained, the adequacy of mathematical modeling was checked by comparing the test problems of statics and dynamics of the movement of fire trucks for emergency response. A fire truck for liquidation of emergency situations, modeled on the basis of the proposed adaptation method of the base chassis for the needs of extinguishing forest fires and the formation of a container module, makes it possible to increase the efficiency of its use according to the selected criteria by 18%. The use of the longitudinal flexibility of the container modules in comparison with the conventional body mount provides a reduction in fuel consumption when driving a fire truck up to 4%.

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Abdelkareem, Mohamed AA, Mina MS Kaldas, Mohamed Kamal Ahmed Ali, and Lin Xu. "Analysis of the energy harvesting potential–based suspension for truck semi-trailer." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 11 (November 17, 2018): 2955–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018812276.

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As the articulated trucks are mainly used for long distance transportations, the design of the suspension system became a major concern and a research hotspot not only for ride comfort and driving safety but also for energy consumption. Therefore, the objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive parametrical–based conflict analysis between the ride comfort and road holding together with the potential power of the shock absorbers. The simulation analysis is performed using a 23 degree-of-freedom full truck semi-trailer mathematical model with random road surface model. The bounce and combined excitation modes for the truck model are applied to present the pro and contra of the simplified and realistic analysis. The bounce mode is applied for a road Class C and truck driving speed of 20 m/s, while the combined mode is performed with the same truck-speed but considering a Class C road for the left track and Class D road for the right track considering the time delay between the truck axles. The truck dynamics including the mean potential power, average dynamic tire load and bounce, and pitch and roll accelerations is comprehensively combined in the conflict analysis–based suspension and driving parameters. The obtained simulation results showed that the articulated truck suspension should be designed considering a realistic excitation condition. In contrast to the bounce mode, under the combined road input, the tractor ride quality and road handling performances are improved when a heavily damped suspension is considered. Furthermore, the otherwise dissipated energy through the damping events can reach an overall value between 2 and 4 kW.

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Rideout, D. Geoff. "Simulating Coupled Longitudinal, Pitch and Bounce Dynamics of Trucks with Flexible Frames." Modern Mechanical Engineering 02, no. 04 (2012): 176–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/mme.2012.24023.

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Wasfy, Tamer M., James O'Kins, and Scott Smith. "Experimental Validation of a Coupled Fluid-Multibody Dynamics Model for Tanker Trucks." SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles 1, no. 1 (April 14, 2008): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-0777.

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Trigell, Annika Stensson, Malte Rothhämel, Joop Pauwelussen, and Karel Kural. "Advanced vehicle dynamics of heavy trucks with the perspective of road safety." Vehicle System Dynamics 55, no. 10 (May 19, 2017): 1572–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00423114.2017.1319964.

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TAKADA, Ryuji, Takayuki SATO, Takeshi HIGUCHI, Atsushi KITAGUCHI, Kazunori ISHIHARA, and Yasuki KITA. "Development of Gigantic Dump Trucks by Using Four Dynamics and Simulation Technique." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 113, no. 1105 (2010): 928–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.113.1105_928.

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Kotze, Rick, Alan C. Brent, Josephine Musango, Imke de Kock, and Leonard A. Malczynski. "Investigating the Investments Required to Transition New Zealand’s Heavy-Duty Vehicles to Hydrogen." Energies 14, no. 6 (March 16, 2021): 1646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061646.

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Reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the transport sector is known to be an important contribution to climate change mitigation. Some parts of the transport sector are particularly difficult to decarbonize; this includes the heavy-duty vehicle sector, which is considered one of the “hard-to-abate” sectors of the economy. Transitioning from diesel trucks to hydrogen fuel cell trucks has been identified as a potential way to decarbonize the sector. However, the current and future costs and efficiencies of the enabling technologies remain unclear. In light of these uncertainties, this paper investigates the investments required to decarbonize New Zealand’s heavy-duty vehicle sector with green hydrogen. By combining system dynamics modelling literature and hydrogen transition modelling literature a customized methodology is developed for modelling hydrogen transitions with system dynamics modelling. Results are presented in terms of the investments required to purchase the hydrogen production capacity and the investments required to supply electricity to the hydrogen production systems. Production capacity investments are found to range between 1.59 and 2.58 billion New Zealand Dollars, and marginal electricity investments are found to range between 4.14 and 7.65 billion New Zealand Dollars. These investments represent scenarios in which 71% to 90% of the heavy-duty vehicle fleet are replaced with fuel cell trucks by 2050. The wide range of these findings reflects the large uncertainties in estimates of how hydrogen technologies will develop over the course of the next thirty years. Policy recommendations are drawn from these results, and a clear opportunity for future work is outlined. Most notably, the results from this study should be compared with research investigating the investments required to decarbonize the heavy-duty vehicle sectors with alternative technologies such as battery-electric trucks, biodiesel, and catenary systems. Such a comparison would ensure that the most cost effective decarbonization strategy is employed.

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Su, Yingsheng, Xin Liu, and Xuejun Li. "Research on Traffic Congestion Based on System Dynamics: The Case of Chongqing, China." Complexity 2020 (March 17, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6123896.

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With the rapid development of society, urban traffic congestion has gradually become an important social problem that many cities need to solve. For Chongqing, traffic congestion not only affects residents’ normal travel but also brings more serious environmental pollution. Aiming at the problem of urban traffic congestion and automobile exhaust pollution, this paper adopts the system dynamics method to establish a model for studying urban traffic congestion system from the perspectives of private cars, trucks, and public transportation. First, we determine city motor vehicle trips as an indicator of the degree of traffic congestion in this paper. Second, we analyze the causal relationship between the growth of private cars, the travel of trucks, public transportation, population, and other factors and then build a model and test the stability of the model. Then, we add some practical policies to the model for policy analysis. Finally, it is concluded that the private car restriction policy is effective in controlling the amount of private car travel, and the purchase restriction policy controls the growth of the number of private cars from the root cause, but the development of public transportation is the most effective treatment measure in the long run.

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Shintani, Atsuhiko, Tomohiro Ito, and Yudai Iwasaki. "Basic Study on the Seismic Response of the High-Speed-Moving Vehicle Considering Passengers' Dynamics." Advanced Materials Research 452-453 (January 2012): 1200–1204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.452-453.1200.

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The stability of the high-speed running vehicle subjected to seismic excitations considering passengers' dynamics are considered. A vehicle consists of one body, two trucks and four wheel sets. A passenger is modeled by simple two degree of freedom vibration system. The equations of motion of the vehicle and passengers are calculated by Lagrangian equation of motion. Combining two models, the behavior of the vehicle subjected to actual seismic input considering passengers' dynamics are calculated by numerical simulation. The stability of the vehicle is evaluated by using the risk rate of rollover. We investigate the possibility of the rollover of the vehicle. We focus on the effect of the dynamic characteristics of the human and the number of the passengers when the vehicle is subjected to the seismic excitation.

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Kozioł, Stanisław. "Truck Driving Parameters - A Comparative Study." Solid State Phenomena 237 (August 2015): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.237.142.

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Rescue and fire-fighting vehicles and other vehicles used by the fire department, such as tankers and aerial ladder trucks have typically a high centre of gravity. Driving such vehicles involves the danger of transverse stability loss and rolling over. This problem is augmented by inadequate driver experience due to the low mileage of emergency vehicles. The safety of a moving vehicle largely depends on its driving characteristics, which can be studied and compared, and these in turn can be the basis for the evaluation of the vehicle safety with a specific body design.The aim of the study was to develop a set of measuring devices for identifying driving properties for trucks. A dynamics study was conducted using constructed prototype solutions for selected trucks with a high centre of gravity, including emergency vehicles for fire departments. The study was performed during selected standard road tests for determining driveability properties. Three road tests were used to assess the road stability and manoeuvrability of the vehicles: driving in a circle in predetermined conditions, steering wheel jump while driving straight ahead, and braking while driving in a circle. The results of this study allow determining the characteristic values of parameters describing vehicle behaviour in each test and a comparative assessment of their safety in traffic. Moreover, the study constituted a verification of the developed system that can be used for dynamics tests and the evaluation of vehicle safety.

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Winkler, C. B., and P. S. Fancher. "DIRECTIONAL DYNAMICS OF MULTI-ARTICULATED HEAVY TRUCKS EMPLOYING CONTROLLED STEERING OF DOLLY WHEELS." Vehicle System Dynamics 17, sup1 (January 1988): 525–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00423118808969293.

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Xin, Tian, Jinliang Xu, Chao Gao, and Zhenhua Sun. "Research on the speed thresholds of trucks in a sharp turn based on dynamic rollover risk levels." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 20, 2021): e0256301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256301.

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Truck rollover is a problem that seriously endangers the safety of human life. Under special conditions, when the driver takes a sharp turn, the truck is most prone to rollover. Speed seriously affects the driving stability of the truck in a sharp turn, but the calculation of the safe speed is not accurate enough at present. The aim of this paper is to develop a more accurate safe speed calculation method to avoid the truck rollover in a sharp turn. Firstly, the calculation formula of the rollover threshold was derived based on a theoretical model, then, the simulation tests were carried out. We selected a 4-axle truck with a total weight of 30t as the subject, simulated the dynamic process of the truck rollover in a sharp turn with TruckSim, evaluated the dynamic rollover risk levels of the truck during this process, and verified the accuracy of the simulation results by results of the theoretical model. Finally, by analyzing the steering principle of the vehicle, the safe speed threshold and the limit speed threshold of the truck in a sharp turn were calculated according to the lateral acceleration corresponding to the rollover risk levels. The results show that no matter what the loading condition of the truck is, when the rollover margin is reduced to about 0.15g, the truck just reaches the risk level of critical rollover; the result provides an accurate algorithm for speed thresholds of the truck when turning radius is less than 250 m. The research provides a calculation method for safe speed of trucks from a dynamic perspective. The research results can be applied to the speed warning system of trucks, which can make drivers better control the rollover risk of trucks in the process of driving and improve driving safety.

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Wade-Allen, R., J. P. Chrstos, G. Howe, D. H. Klyde, and T. J. Rosenthal. "Validation of a non-linear vehicle dynamics simulation for limit handling." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 216, no. 4 (April 1, 2002): 319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407021529147.

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This paper discusses the validation of a ground vehicle dynamics computer simulation that includes complete models for sprung and unsprung masses, tyres, suspension, steering and brake systems, and power train including engine, transmission and differentials. The models have been developed over the last decade and have been applied to single-unit passenger cars, trucks and buses, and articulated tractor/trailer vehicles up to limit performance operating conditions. The tyre and vehicle models use composite parameters that are relatively easy to measure. However, the measurements must cover the key operating regime where the simulation is expected to be applied. For example, limit performance manoeuvring conditions require tyre data over large slip conditions and high normal load (beyond the design load) to cover the full range of dynamic operating conditions. Spring and damper response should also take into account large deflections and high velocities respectively to cover relevant non-linearities.

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Kons, Kalvis, Pedro La Hera, and Dan Bergström. "Modelling Dynamics of a Log-Yard through Discrete-Event Mathematics." Forests 11, no. 2 (January 30, 2020): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11020155.

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This article deals with the topic of modelling the log-yard of one of our industry partners. To this end, our framework is based on discrete-events modelling (DEM), as consequence that many stages of the process run as a sequence of events. The sequence starts when trucks, trains or ships arrive loaded with logs to the log-yard. A machine unloads these logs and accumulates them in different storage areas. Consequently, a machine transports logs from these areas to the pulp mill, thus finishing the process. As using probability density functions is the core concept of DEM, the necessary process data to build these PDFs have been partly provided by the company. Other necessary data have been acquired through time studies, and by defining operational requirements. The company data tell when trucks, trains, or ships arrive to the log-yard, and the amount of volume they carry. The objective is to develop the necessary formulations, model calibration techniques, and software, such that computer simulations reproduce the quantities observed in these data. To this end, this work suggests two alternatives to analyse the data itself. These two alternatives lead to two different models: (1) The first being a hybrid model, in the sense that it involves the events in the process, and the logic decisions taken by machine operators for handling the incoming load, and (2) the second containing only the main mathematical essence of the process. After running 100 simulations, both mathematical models show that the simulated values for input and output, in terms of transport units and their volume, differ only by less than 3% compared to company data. The first model has also shown the ability to replicate the decision making that a machine operator undergoes for driving the logs to the storage areas, and from there to the mill. Therefore, the framework adopted provides the necessary mathematical tools and data analysis to model the log-yard and obtain highly reliable results via simulations.

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Adam, Arnaud, Olivier Finance, and Isabelle Thomas. "Monitoring trucks to reveal Belgian geographical structures and dynamics: From GPS traces to spatial interactions." Journal of Transport Geography 91 (February 2021): 102977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2021.102977.

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Simon, David, and Mehdi Ahmadian. "Vehicle Evaluation of the Performance of Magneto Rheological Dampers for Heavy Truck Suspensions." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 123, no. 3 (February 1, 2001): 365–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1376721.

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This study is intended to complement many existing analytical studies in the area of semiactive suspensions by providing a field evaluation of semiactive magneto rheological (MR) primary suspensions for heavy trucks. A set of four controllable MR dampers are fabricated and used experimentally to test the effectiveness of a semiactive skyhook suspension on a heavy truck. In order to evaluate the performance of the semiactive suspensions, the performance of the truck equipped with the MR dampers is primarily compared with the performance of the truck equipped with the stock passive dampers. The performance of the semiactive system and the original passive system are compared for two different driving conditions. First, the truck is driven over a speed bump at approximately 8–11 kmh (5–7 mph) in order to establish a comparison between the performance of the MR and stock dampers to transient inputs at the wheels. Second, the truck is driven along a stretch of relatively straight and level highway at a constant speed of 100 kmh (62 mph) in order to compare the performance of the two types of dampers in steady state driving conditions. Acceleration data for both driving conditions are analyzed in both time and frequency domains. The data for the speed bumps indicate that the magneto rheological dampers used (with the skyhook control policy) in this study have a small effect on the vehicle body and wheel dynamics, as compared to the passive stock dampers. The highway driving data shows that magneto rheological dampers and the skyhook control policy are effective in reducing the root mean square (RMS) of the measured acceleration at most measurement points, as compared to the stock dampers.

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Ding, Fei, Nong Zhang, Jie Liu, and Xu Han. "Dynamics analysis and design methodology of roll-resistant hydraulically interconnected suspensions for tri-axle straight trucks." Journal of the Franklin Institute 353, no. 17 (November 2016): 4620–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfranklin.2016.08.016.

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Gara, Fabrizio, Vanni Nicoletti, Sandro Carbonari, Laura Ragni, and Andrea Dall’Asta. "Dynamic monitoring of bridges during static load tests: influence of the dynamics of trucks on the modal parameters of the bridge." Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring 10, no. 2 (January 16, 2020): 197–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13349-019-00376-1.

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Viano, David C., Milan Patel, and Michael A. Ciccone. "Patterns of Arm Position during Normal Driving." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 31, no. 6 (December 1989): 715–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001872088903100607.

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Left arm position was determined from movies taken by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety of 1890 vehicles approaching an intersection on a normal two-lane road. The dynamics of driving were apparent as the drivers shifted their left arms from the armrest to place their hands on the steering wheel 23.8% of the time when stopping at intersections. Whereas drivers used the armrest 34.4% of the time on the open road, the armrest was used only 10.6% of the time at the intersection. The driver's left hand was on the steering wheel 69.6% of the time at the intersection. Use of the windowsill to rest the arm varied among passenger cars, trucks/vans, and sports cars primarily because of differences in shoulder and windowsill height. A lower relative position in trucks and vans promoted use of the windowsill to rest the arm. Given that serious injury in multivehicle side impacts most frequently occurs in intersection crashes, design improvements of the side interior should focus on direct loading of the chest and abdomen. In addition, crash tests should be set up with the dummy's left hand on the steering wheel and arm away from the side.

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An, Lingshi, Feng Zhang, Yongchang Geng, and Bo Lin. "Field Measurement of Dynamic Compressive Stress Response of Pavement-Subgrade Induced by Moving Heavy-Duty Trucks." Shock and Vibration 2018 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1956906.

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This paper presents the dynamic compressive stress response of pavement-subgrade induced by moving heavy-duty trucks. In order to study the distribution characteristic of dynamic pressure of pavement-subgrade in more detail, truck loadings, truck speeds, and dynamic pressure distributions at different depths were monitored under twenty-five working conditions on the section of Qiqihar-Nenjiang Highway in Heilongjiang Province, China. The effects of truck loading, truck speed, and depth on dynamic compressive stress response can be concluded as follows: (1) increasing truck loading will increase the dynamic pressure amplitude of subgrade-pavement and dominant frequencies are close to the characteristic frequencies caused by heavy-duty trucks at the speed of 70 km/h; (2) as truck speed increases, the dynamic pressure amplitudes of measuring points have an increasing tendency; the dynamic pressure spectrums are also significantly influenced by truck speed: the higher the truck speed, the wider the spectrum and the higher the dominant frequencies; (3) as depth increases, the dynamic pressure amplitudes of measuring points decrease rapidly. The influence of the front axle decreases gradually until disappearing and the compressive stress superposition phenomenon caused by rear double axles can be found with increasing depth.

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Zeng, Hong, Tie Jun Li, Qi Gao, and Shu Fen Liu. "The CAE Analysis of Fork Truck Frame System Based on ADAMS and ANSYS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 16-19 (October 2009): 1149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.16-19.1149.

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In this paper, all work are on the basic of fork truck frame system pivot-jointed optimization design job. 3D solid model of fork truck frame system was built by using Pro/E software based on optimized data, which was guided into ADAMS and the fork truck frame system virtual prototype model was generated, dynamics simulation about working process of truck’s frame was proceeded, load and displacement curve of major component were obtained. FEM analysis was done under ANSYS, the above dynamic analysis data were taken as boundary condition, thus completing the CAE analysis of fork truck frame system.

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Girbés, Vicent, Daniel Hernández, Leopoldo Armesto, Juan Dols, and Antonio Sala. "Drive Force and Longitudinal Dynamics Estimation in Heavy-Duty Vehicles." Sensors 19, no. 16 (August 11, 2019): 3515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19163515.

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Modelling the dynamic behaviour of heavy vehicles, such as buses or trucks, can be very useful for driving simulation and training, autonomous driving, crash analysis, etc. However, dynamic modelling of a vehicle is a difficult task because there are many subsystems and signals that affect its behaviour. In addition, it might be hard to combine data because available signals come at different rates, or even some samples might be missed due to disturbances or communication issues. In this paper, we propose a non-invasive data acquisition hardware/software setup to carry out several experiments with an urban bus, in order to collect data from one of the internal communication networks and other embedded systems. Subsequently, non-conventional sampling data fusion using a Kalman filter has been implemented to fuse data gathered from different sources, connected through a wireless network (the vehicle’s internal CAN bus messages, IMU, GPS, and other sensors placed in pedals). Our results show that the proposed combination of experimental data gathering and multi-rate filtering algorithm allows useful signal estimation for vehicle identification and modelling, even when data samples are missing.

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Wang, Yi Qiang, Chao Fu, and Wei Luo. "Dynamic Stability Analysis of High-Level Order-Picking Truck." Applied Mechanics and Materials 101-102 (September 2011): 418–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.101-102.418.

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More and more high-level order-picking trucks are used to pick and transport goods in warehouses. The dynamic stability of the truck has great effect on operation efficiency, quality and safety. It is instructive and meaningful for the optimization of structure and control strategy to analyze the dynamic stability of the truck. Firstly, the dynamic model of the order-picking truck is established using Alembert principle, and then the dynamic stability of the truck is analyzed. Secondly, the virtual prototype model of the truck is established and traveling process is simulated. The simulation further verifies the dynamic stability of the truck.

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Mwalimo, Delina Mshai, Mary Wainaina, and Winnie Kaluki. "Mixed Vehicular Traffic Flow Model on an Inclined Multilane Road." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, no. 7 (July 24, 2020): 331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20jul276.

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This study outlines the Kerner’s 3 phase traffic flow theory, which states that traffic flow occurs in three phases and these are free flow, synchronized flow and wide moving jam phase. A macroscopic traffic model that is factoring road inclination is developed and its features discussed. By construction of the solution to the Rienmann problem, the model is written in conservative form and solved numerically. Using the Lax-Friedrichs method and going ahead to simulate traffic flow on an inclined multi lane road. The dynamics of traffic flow involving cars(fast moving) and trucks(slow moving) on a multi-lane inclined road is studied. Generally, trucks move slower than cars and their speed is significantly reduced when they are moving uphill on an in- clined road, which leads to emergence of a moving bottleneck. If the inclined road is multi-lane then the cars will tend to change lanes with the aim of overtaking the slow moving bottleneck to achieve free flow. The moving bottleneck and lanechange ma- noeuvres affect the dynamics of flow of traffic on the multi-lane road, leading to traffic phase transitions between free flow (F) and synchronised flow(S). Therefore, in order to adequately describe this kind of traffic flow, a model should incorporate the effect of road inclination. This study proposes to account for the road inclination through the fundamental diagram, which relates traffic flow rate to traffic density and ultimately through the anticipation term in the velocity dynamics equation of macroscopic traffic flow model. The features of this model shows how the moving bottleneck and an incline multilane road affects traffic transistions from Free flow(F) to Synchronised flow(S). For a better traffic management and control, proper understanding of traffic congestion is needed. This will help road designers and traffic engineers to verify whether traffic properties and characteristics such as speed(velocity), density and flow among others determines the effectiveness of traffic flow.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Trucks – Dynamics'

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