Academic literature on the topic 'Trout cod'
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Journal articles on the topic "Trout cod"
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Douglas, JW, GJ Gooley, BA Ingram, ND Murray, and LD Brown. "Natural hybridization between Murray cod, Maccullochella peelii peelii (Mitchell) and trout cod, Maccullochella macquariensis (Cuvier) (Percichthyidae) in the Murray River, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 46, no. 4 (1995): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9950729.
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Hybridization is confirmed between two wild, naturally sympatric populations of Murray cod, Maccullochella peelii peelii, and trout cod, M. macquariensis, from the Murray River, Australia. Electrophoretic comparisons of proteins in muscle and liver tissues from trout cod, Murray cod, an artificially produced hybrid of Murray cod and trout cod, and putative wild hybrids from the Murray River indicated that the last group were first-generation interspecific hybrids. This is the first record of hybridization between naturally occumng populations of these two species. Naturally occurring wild populations of both trout cod and Murray cod are nonetheless genetically distinct and there is no evidence of introgression between the species. These findings have some implications for management policies and practices in relation to both species, and these are discussed.
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Couch, Alan J., Peter J. Unmack, Fiona J. Dyer, and Mark Lintermans. "Who’s your mama? Riverine hybridisation of threatened freshwater Trout Cod and Murray Cod." PeerJ 4 (October 27, 2016): e2593. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2593.
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Rates of hybridization and introgression are increasing dramatically worldwide because of translocations, restocking of organisms and habitat modifications; thus, determining whether hybridization is occuring after reintroducing extirpated congeneric species is commensurately important for conservation. Restocking programs are sometimes criticized because of the genetic consequences of hatchery-bred fish breeding with wild populations. These concerns are important to conservation restocking programs, including those from the Australian freshwater fish family, Percichthyidae. Two of the better known Australian Percichthyidae are the Murray Cod,Maccullochella peeliiand Trout Cod,Maccullochella macquariensiswhich were formerly widespread over the Murray Darling Basin. In much of the Murrumbidgee River, Trout Cod and Murray Cod were sympatric until the late 1970s when Trout Cod were extirpated. Here we use genetic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data together with mitochondrial sequences to examine hybridization and introgression between Murray Cod and Trout Cod in the upper Murrumbidgee River and consider implications for restocking programs. We have confirmed restocked riverine Trout Cod reproducing, but only as inter-specific matings, in the wild. We detected hybrid Trout Cod–Murray Cod in the Upper Murrumbidgee, recording the first hybrid larvae in the wild. Although hybrid larvae, juveniles and adults have been recorded in hatcheries and impoundments, and hybrid adults have been recorded in rivers previously, this is the first time fertile F1 have been recorded in a wild riverine population. The F1 backcrosses with Murray cod have also been found to be fertile. All backcrosses noted were with pure Murray Cod. Such introgression has not been recorded previously in these two species, and the imbalance in hybridization direction may have important implications for restocking programs.
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Growns, Ivor, Ian Wooden, and Craig Schiller. "Use of instream wood habitat by Trout Cod Maccullochella macquariensis (Cuvier) in the Murrumbidgee River." Pacific Conservation Biology 10, no. 4 (2004): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc040261.
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Microhabitat use of instream wood habitat by Trout Cod Maccullochella macquariensis (Cuvier), a critically endangered species with a restricted distribution, was examined in the Murrumbidgee River in New South Wales, Australia. Habitat variables were scored or measured at 100 m intervals along the river or wherever Trout Cod were captured using electrofishing. The occurrence of Trout Cod was significantly dependent on the presence of instream woody habitat and 95% of samples where trout cod were caught were associated with the presence of woody habitat. Trout Cod were more likely to be found on simply-structured woody habitats, away from the river-bank and their abundance showed no relationship with water velocity. The low abundance of other fish species at the sampling sites suggests that the relationships demonstrated are not due to inter-species interactions. The results will assist with specific management actions to restore and protect populations of this endangered species.
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Ramakrishna, N. R., and M. D. B. Burt. "Tissue Response of Fish to Invasion by Larval Pseudoterranova decipiens (Nematoda; Ascaridoidea)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48, no. 9 (September 1, 1991): 1623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f91-192.
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The histopathology of Pseudoterranova decipiens (L3) in experimentally infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and naturally infected Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) was similar. The chronic granulomatous inflammatory reaction included polymorphonuclear neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, epithelioid cells, and fibroblasts. Giant cells were also found but only in the experimentally infected rainbow trout. Mature capsules around the larvae consisted of an inner layer, composed of macrophages which underwent epithelioid transformation and later gradually degenerated, and an outer layer, composed of fibroblasts and collagen fibres. A layer of lipofuscin was adjacent to the parasite in older cod infections but this was absent in all of the newly formed capsules in the experimentally infected rainbow trout.
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Chadwick, T. D., and P. A. Wright. "Nitrogen excretion and expression of urea cycle enzymes in the atlantic cod (Gadus morhua l.): a comparison of early life stages with adults." Journal of Experimental Biology 202, no. 19 (October 1, 1999): 2653–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.19.2653.
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For many years, the urea cycle was considered to be relatively unimportant in the life history of most teleost fishes. In previous studies, we were surprised to find that newly hatched freshwater rainbow trout embryos had relatively high activities of the key urea cycle enzyme, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase III (CPSase III), and other enzymes in the pathway, whereas adult trout had much lower or non-detectable activities. The present study tested the hypothesis that urea cycle enzyme expression is unique to early stages of rainbow trout. In marine Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) embryos, CPSase III, ornithine transcarbamoylase (OTCase), glutamine synthetase (GSase) and arginase activities were all expressed prior to hatching. Urea excretion was detected shortly after fertilization and rates were high relative to those of ammonia excretion (50–100 % of total nitrogen excreted as urea nitrogen; total=ammonia+urea). Urea concentration was relatively constant in embryos, but ammonia concentration increased by about fourfold during embryogenesis. Two populations of cod embryos were studied (from Newfoundland and New Brunswick), and significant differences in enzyme activities and excretion rates were detected between the two populations. In adult cod, CPSase III was not detectable in liver, white muscle, intestine and kidney tissues, but OTCase, GSase and arginase were present. Adult cod excreted about 17 % of nitrogenous waste as urea. Taken together, these data indicate that early urea cycle enzyme expression is not unique to rainbow trout but is also a feature of Atlantic cod development, and possibly other teleosts. The relatively high urea excretion rates underline the importance of urea as the primary nitrogen excretory product in Atlantic cod during early embryogenesis.
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Koehn, John D., and Simon J. Nicol. "Comparative habitat use by large riverine fishes." Marine and Freshwater Research 65, no. 2 (2014): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf13011.
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The present radio-tracking study compared adult daytime microhabitat use by three large Australian native freshwater fishes (Murray cod, Maccullochella peelii, trout cod, M. macquariensis, golden perch, Maquaria ambigua) and introduced carp, Cyprinus carpio, in the Murray River, south-eastern Australia. The paper describes habitat patches used by all species and quantifies differences among species. All species were strongly associated with structural woody habitat (>68% cover), deeper (>2.4 m), slower water (<0.2 m s–1) closer to the river bank, with variations in substrate. Murray cod and trout cod used deeper habitats (2.8 m and 2.9 m, respectively), with higher surface water velocities (0.37 m s–1 and 0.49 m s–1, respectively) and further from the bank than the habitats of golden perch (2.6 m; 0.31 m s–1) or carp (2.4 m; 0.20 m s–1), the latter species using wood higher in the water column than did cod species. Trout cod used habitats furthest from the bank and carp those closest. These data provide support and direction for reintroduction of structural woody habitat patches for rehabilitation which, in general, should have >70% cover, be >1.5 m high, located <15% of the river channel (width) closest to the bank, with surface water velocities of 0.3–0.6 m s–1.
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Lieschke, J. A., J. P. Lyon, P. D. Moloney, and S. J. Nicol. "Spatial partitioning in the use of structural woody habitat supports the cohabitation of two cod species in a large lowland river." Marine and Freshwater Research 67, no. 12 (2016): 1835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf15067.
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Many freshwater fish worldwide have been shown to use Structural Woody Habitat (SWH) for a variety of reasons. The mid reaches of the Murray River, a large lowland river in south-eastern Australia, was surveyed by boat electrofishing, to investigate the use of SWH type (hollows, rootmass and solids), SWH distance to bank (near bank, intermediate to bank and mid-channel) and the interaction between SWH type and distance to bank. The study found that Murray cod catch per unit effort (CPUE) increased in near-bank areas when hollows were a component of the SWH. The CPUE of trout cod was higher when hollows were present. However, the interactions between distance to bank and hollow SWH were complex and dependent on presence or absence of rootmass. The species-specific interactions between SWH microhabitat and distance to bank found within this study has important relevance for stream managers. The common practice of realigning SWH favours Murray cod over trout cod, which could have negative consequences for the endangered trout cod. More broadly, managers may need to consider a balance of SWH type and where it is placed in the river for the species they are targeting when rehabilitating rivers via the introduction of SWH.
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Burt, M. D. B., J. D. Campbell, C. G. Likely, and J. W. Smith. "Serial Passage of Larval Pseudoterranova decipiens (Nematoda:Ascaridoidea) in Fish." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47, no. 4 (April 1, 1990): 693–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f90-077.
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In one experiment, 24 brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in fresh water at 11 ± 1 °C were each orally infected by intubation with two third-stage larvae of "sealworm" (Pseudoterranova decipiens) harvested from the flesh of sea raven (Hemitripterus americanus) and small Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). In a second experiment, 27 cod in sea water at 0 °C were each force fed, under anaesthesia, four P. decipiens larvae held in a capelin "purse"; these larvae were harvested from large, commercial size cod. Sequential reinvasion by the same P. decipiens larvae was achieved in both of the serial passage experiments. In brook trout, larvae sequentially reinvaded a maximum of two fish, with larvae of cod origin being the more successful at first passage (62.5%) than those of sea raven origin (31.3 and 37.5%). In cod, larvae also achieved sequential reinvasion of a maximum of two fish; the relatively lower success rates of 22.2% (first passage) and 9.1% (second passage) probably reflect the low temperature (0 °C) at which the experiment was conducted.
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Jensen, F., and J. Brahm. "Kinetics of chloride transport across fish red blood cell membranes." Journal of Experimental Biology 198, no. 10 (October 1, 1995): 2237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.198.10.2237.
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The continuous flow tube method was used to investigate the kinetics of chloride transport, and its potential oxygenation-dependency, in red blood cells (RBCs) from four teleost fish species and man. A significant interspecific variation in Cl- transport kinetics was found. At 15 °C, the rate constant k for unidirectional 36Cl- efflux was significantly lower in RBCs from eel and carp than in RBCs from rainbow trout and Atlantic cod. The values of k of cod RBCs at 15 °C and of human RBCs at 37 °C were not significantly different. The volume and surface area of the RBCs were evaluated and used to calculate the apparent membrane permeability to Cl- (PCl). The magnitude of PCl followed the sequence: eel<carp<trout¾cod. PCl values in trout and cod at 15 °C were similar to human values at 37 °C. An extrapolation of human values to 15 °C revealed that the Cl- shift at this temperature was considerable faster in all four teleosts than in man. This illustrates appropriate adaption of band-3-mediated anion transport to the different temperature regimes encountered by fish and mammals. The Cl- transport kinetics did not differ significantly between oxygenated and deoxygenated RBCs in any of the species examined. The apparent absence of any effect of a change in haemoglobin oxygen-saturation may be related to the presence of a flexible link which results in minimal interaction between the membrane domain (mediating Cl- transport) and the cytoplasmic domain (to which oxygenation-dependent haemoglobin binding occurs) of band 3. In carp, Cl- transport kinetics were not influenced by pH over the extracellular pH (pHe) range 7.6­8.36, which spans the in vivo pHe range. The data are discussed in relation to the rate-limiting role of red blood cell HCO3-/Cl- exchange for CO2 excretion.
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Jensen, Louise H. S., Jette Nielsen, Bo M. Jørgensen, and Stina Frosch. "Cod and rainbow trout as freeze-chilled meal elements." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 90, no. 3 (November 27, 2009): 376–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3823.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Trout cod"
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Ingram, Brett A. "Rearing juvenile Australian native percichthyid fish in fertilised earthen ponds." Connect to this title online, 2001. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au/adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050418.172221/.
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Chadwick, Terry D. "Nitrogen excretion and expression of urea cycle enzymes during early life stages of Atlantic cod and rainbow trout." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ35873.pdf.
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Chotipuntu, Piyapong, and n/a. "Salinity sensitivity in early life stages of an Australian freshwater fish, Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii Mitchell 1838)." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2003. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060331.115030.
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The Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii Mitchell 1838) is Australia�s largest freshwater fish. Once highly abundant in the Murray-Darling river system, populations have drastically declined in recent decades. Many causes for this decline have been proposed, including over-fishing, habitat loss and altered river flow regimes. This study hypothesised that elevated salinities have led to selective mortality in some developmental stages, which have in turn depleted stock recruitment and adult populations. The objectives of this study were to determine the optimal, threshold, upper sublethal and lethal salinities for development of eggs, yolk-sac larvae, fry and fingerlings of M. peelii peelii. Investigation the impact of salinity on fertilisation utilised gametes of trout cod (M. macquariensis, Cuvier 1829) instead of M. peelii peelii. Studies were carried out in a controlled laboratory environment using test media prepared from commercial sea salt. The results showed that the eggs of the trout cod hatched only when fertilised and incubated in freshwater, and only larvae hatched in freshwater survived through the yolk absorption period of 12 days. Yolk utilisation efficiencies were not significantly different among the salinities of 0-0.30 g/L. There was no effect of pre- or post- fertilising processes on the salinity tolerances of yolk-sac larvae. No larvae survived at salinities higher than 0.30 g/L during the yolk utilisation period. Lethal salinity concentration in Trout cod and Murray cod larvae was exposure time dependent. The 1 day LC50 of the larvae was 1.97 and 2.33 g/L respectively, compared with the 12 day LC50 values of 0.50 and 0.35 g/L respectively. The threshold (no effect level) salinities of larvae of Trout cod and Murray cod were 0.46 and 0.34 g/L respectively at 12 days exposure. The salinity sensitivities of fry of Murray cod were moderated by increasing pH between pH 6.2 and 8.8, and stimulated by increasing temperatures from 15 to 30°C. The optimal salinity was only slightly affected by temperature. The threshold and upper sublethal salinities varied slightly depending on feeding regime. The salinity sensitivities of fingerlings of Murray cod
were: LC50 = 13.7 g/L; optimal salinity from 4.6 to 5.0 g/L ; threshold salinity from 5.9 to 7.4 g/L, and upper sub-lethal salinity from 9.2 to 9.9 g/L � with the range in all cases affected by acclimation period salinity. The blood osmolality at LC50 of the fingerlings was 444 mOsmol/kgH2O or equivalent to 14.2 g/L, and the dehydration rate was 4.8%. The osmolality increased significantly in salinities higher than 9.0 and 6.0 g/L when fish were exposed for a period of 1 day and 41 days respectively. The oxygen consumption increased significantly in salinities higher than 8.0 g/L. Distortion of the notochord and corrosive skin syndrome were major symptoms describing sub-lethal effects found in the embryos, and fry and fingerlings of Murray cod respectively. Noting the risks of extrapolating directly from laboratory to field conditions, it is predicted that when salinity in natural habitats increases above 0.34 g/L a significant impact on Murray cod recruitment will result.
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Baumgartner, Lee Jason, and n/a. "Effects of weirs on fish movements in the Murray-Darling Basin." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2005. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20051129.142046.
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Dams and weirs are widely implicated in large-scale declines in both the range and abundance of aquatic fauna. Although many factors are involved, such declines are commonly attributed to the prevention or reduction of migration, reductions in available habitat, alteration of natural flow regimes and changes to physicochemical characteristics. In Australia, studies into the ecological effects of these impacts are limited, and have concentrated mainly on species of recreational and commercial importance. Subsequently, the adverse effects of dams and weirs, and suitable methods of mitigation, remain largely unknown for many other taxa. Therefore, the major aim of this thesis is to investigate the ecological effects of dam and weir construction on previously unstudied migratory assemblages of fish and macroinvertebrates in the Murray-Darling Basin. It is anticipated that the results of these studies will feed back into improved management strategies that help arrest the previously observed declines of aquatic fauna. Initially, fish communities were sampled, by boat electrofishing, from both reference sites and downstream of Balranald and Redbank weirs on the lower reaches of the Murrumbidgee River, Australia. Sampling was stratified over large spatial and temporal scales to gain a comprehensive understanding of species most affected by the presence of these two barriers. In general, the weirs obstructed fish migrations during summer and autumn and many species of small-bodied fish such as Australian smelt, western carp gudgeon, fly-specked hardyhead and crimson-spotted rainbowfish accumulated downstream of Balranald Weir. In addition, downstream accumulations of juveniles of larger-bodied species such as bony herring, common carp and goldfish were also detected. Although many previous studies had either documented or hypothesised that upstream migrating fish accumulate downstream of migration barriers, none attempted to quantify the size of such populations. Therefore, a simple but efficient method to estimate the size of migratory populations was assessed at the Balranald Weir site. The application of two commonly used estimation techniques yielded relatively reliable results for seven species that accumulated downstream of the weir. Population size estimates were greatest for most species during summer and autumn, where accumulations as high as 800 fish per day were detected. The largest calculated population size estimates, in addition to the
greatest temporal variation, of any individual species was observed in bony herring. Given the simplicity of the technique and the relative accuracy of population estimates, it was concluded that these methods could easily be applied to other weirs where the size of migratory populations is of particular interest. A study investigating the effects of Yanco Weir on the diets of three migratory percichthyid species, Murray cod, trout cod and golden perch was also conducted. Observed spatial variation in a number of trophic processes strongly implicated Yanco Weir as a major contributor to increased competition among percichthyid species on the Murrumbidgee River. The greater relative abundance of percichthyids from downstream samples, combined with increases in dietary overlap and a greater percentage of empty stomachs, also suggested percichthyids may be significantly affecting the relative abundance of potential prey items such as freshwater prawns and Australian smelt. These significant changes in dietary composition were likely related to migratory behaviour, as these species accumulated downstream of the weir, and could be readily expected at other sites where passage is obstructed. It was suggested that the construction of suitable fish passage facilities would effectively reduce the probability of migratory fish accumulating and, subsequently, potential effects of dams and weirs on trophic processes. Since it was established that dams and weirs of the Murrumbidgee River were significantly affecting migratory fish communities, an innovative but relatively inexpensive fishway design, the Deelder fish lock (after Deelder, 1958), was constructed and assessed for wider application throughout the Murray-Darling Basin. The Deelder lock was effective at mitigating the effects of Balranald Weir by providing passage for a wide range of size classes and species of fish; but importantly, the structure enabled the passage of most species previously observed to accumulate downstream of the structure. Most significant was the ability of the fish lock to pass substantial numbers of small-bodied fish, which were previously not considered migratory, suggesting that these species should be considered when developing options to mitigate the effects of other dams and weirs throughout the Murray-Darling Basin. A significant finding of this study was the realisation that substantially more species and size classes of Australian native fish are migratory than previously thought.
Subsequently, it is recommended that, when designing facilities to mitigate the effects of a dam or weir, the structure of the entire migratory community is considered when developing operating parameters. Various options for mitigating the effects of dams and weirs are discussed, but it was concluded that the construction of effective fishways would be the most appropriate means of restoring migration pathways to Australian native fish. A strategic approach for assessing and adaptively mitigating the effects of dams and weirs is presented and discussed.
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Karalazos, Vasileios. "Sustainable alternatives to fish meal and fish oil in fish nutrition : effects on growth, tissue fatty acid composition and lipid metabolism." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/220.
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Traditionally, fish meal (FM) and fish oil (FO) have been used extensively in aquafeeds, mainly due to their excellent nutritional properties. However, various reasons dictate the use of sustainable alternatives and the reduction of the dependence on these commodities in fish feeds. Hence, the aim of the present thesis was to investigate the effects of the replacement of FM and FO with two vegetable oils (VO) and an oilseed meal on the growth performance, feed utilization, nutrient and fatty acids (FA) digestibility and tissue FA composition and metabolism in three commercially important European fish species. Specifically, in Experiment I crude palm oil (PO) was used to replace FO in diets for rainbow trout. In Experiments II and III FO was replaced with rapeseed oil (RO) in diets for Atlantic salmon at various dietary protein/lipid levels aiming also at further reductions of FM by using low protein (high lipid) diet formulations. In Experiments II and III the fish were reared at low and high water temperatures, respectively, in order to elucidate, also, the potential effects of temperature. Lastly, the effects of the replacement of FM with full fat soya meal (FFS) in Atlantic cod were investigated in Experiment IV. The results of the present thesis showed no negative effects on growth performance and feed utilization in rainbow trout when FO was replaced with PO. The dietary inclusion of RO improved the growth of Atlantic salmon, possibly, due to changes in the nutrient and FA digestibilities and FA catabolism while, the growth and feed utilization were unaffected by the dietary protein/lipid level. However, the growth of Atlantic cod was affected negatively by the replacement of FM with FFS. The proximate composition of the fish whole body was in most cases unaffected by dietary treatments. The changes in dietary formulations affected the dietary FA compositions and resulted in significant changes in the fish tissue FA compositions. It was clearly shown that the fish tissue total lipid FA composition reflects the FA composition of the diet, although specific FA were selectively utilized or retained in the tissues by the fish. These may have serious implications not only for fish metabolism and growth but also for the quality of the final product, especially in terms of possible reductions of n-3 HUFA.
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Cox, Benjamin Samuel. "Assessment of an invasive lake trout population in Swan Lake, Montana." Thesis, Montana State University, 2010. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2010/cox/CoxB0810.pdf.
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The recent invasion of lake trout into the Swan River drainage in Northwest Montana threatens one of the last remaining recreational bull trout fisheries in the USA. An inter-agency group is implementing an experimental lake trout suppression program on Swan Lake. The objectives of this study were to establish a baseline data set on the lake trout population in Swan Lake concurrently with the experimental removal effort, simulate alternative management scenarios using matrix models and identify spawning locations of lake trout to target adult fish and embryos. A commercial gill-net sampling effort provided data to estimate abundance, size structure, age structure, growth, condition, maturity, fecundity, and mortality of lake trout in Swan Lake. Lake trout in Swan Lake grew rapidly, attained large sizes, and were in high condition. The size and age structure of lake trout sampled was skewed towards juvenile lake trout, indicating the population was growing rapidly. Matrix-model simulations also indicated the lake trout population would continue to grow with no suppression efforts, but suppression efforts could reduce the population growth rate. Population growth was particularly sensitive to changes in age-0 survival in population models. Elasticity analysis of matrix simulations indicated survival from birth to sexual maturity, followed by survival of adult fish contributed most to population growth. Lake trout spawning locations were identified using ultrasonic telemetry, short-set gill nets, and in-situ egg nets. Spawning locations identified with acoustic telemetry were confirmed by capturing gravid lake trout in gill nets and lake trout eggs in the substrate. These results suggest that the inter-agency group should focus removal efforts on sub-adult and adult lake trout at if extirpation of the population is the goal. Given the uncertainty in the vital rates and the potential bias in exploitation rates used to model suppression scenarios, annual suppression efforts should be increased from the 2008 level to ensure a decline in the lake trout population.
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Cordier, Bertrand. "Etude du centre galactique dans le domaine des rayons y de faible énergie à partir des observations pratiquées par le télescope spatial SIGMA." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA077318.
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Moreau, Sébastien D. V. "Effets combinés du réchauffement climatique et du rayonnement UVB sur la composition et le métabolisme de la communauté microbienne marine dans l'ouest de la Péninsule Antarctique : impact potentiel sur le cycle du carbone." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20028.
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Le réchauffement régional de l'ouest de la Péninsule Antarctique (WAP) combiné à la diminution attendue de glace de mer et à l'apparition printanière du trou d'ozone pourrait modifier la composition et la structure de la communauté microbienne. De plus, ces variations environnementales pourraient modifier le potentiel de la WAP en tant que puits de CO2. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse visait à évaluer les effets combinés du changement climatique sur la production primaire et sur la composition et la structure de la communauté microbienne de la WAP. Cette thèse visait également à évaluer le rôle de la structure, de la composition, de la production primaire et de la respiration de la communauté microbienne sur les échanges de CO2 entre l'atmosphère et l'océan. Cette étude a premièrement permis de décrire les variations de l'étendue de glace de mer, de l'épaisseur de la couche d'ozone et de la température de surface de l'eau dans la WAP au cours des 30 dernières années (1972-2007) et notamment d'observer le retrait de plus en plus précoce de la glace de mer en relation avec le réchauffement des eaux de la WAP. L'évolution de ces paramètres environnementaux offre une nouvelle fenêtre temporelle de production primaire. Ainsi, cette étude a permis de montrer que la production primaire annuelle a augmenté de 1997 à 2007, et ceci, en relation avec l'anomalie de glace de l'hiver précédent. En effet, la production primaire journalière était négativement et positivement corrélée avec, respectivement, l'étendue de glace de mer et la température de l'eau de septembre à novembre et de février à mars, suggérant que le réchauffement régional de la WAP favorise plus de production primaire durant le printemps et l'automne. En revanche, le retrait précoce de la glace de mer en coïncidence avec l'apparition printanière du trou d'ozone a provoqué l'augmentation de la photoinhibition au printemps (avec 11,6 ± 2,8 % de la production primaire journalière en moyenne). En conséquence, le changement climatique régional de la WAP a, à la fois, un effet positif et un effet négatif sur la production primaire. Cette étude a également permis de décrire la dynamique de la communauté microbienne marine dans l'archipel de Melchior (dans la WAP) de l'automne au printemps 2006. En raison des conditions environnementales extrêmes, l'abondance et la biomasse de la communauté microbienne étaient faibles durant l'automne et l'hiver et dominées par les petites cellules (< 2 µm) et donc par un réseau trophique microbien. En effet, la biomasse phytoplanctonique était faible durant l'automne et l'hiver (avec une concentration moyenne en chlorophylle a, Chl-a, de 0,3 et 0,13 µg l-1, respectivement). La biomasse phytoplanctonique a augmenté au printemps (avec un maximum de Chl-a de 1,13 µg l-1), mais, en dépit des conditions de croissance favorables, est restée faible et le phytoplancton était toujours dominé par de petites cellules (2-20 µm) et donc par le réseau trophique microbien ou multivore. De plus, la disparition précoce de glace de mer durant le printemps 2006 a exposé les eaux de la WAP à de fortes radiations ultraviolettes B (RUVB, 280-320 nm), qui ont eu un effet négatif sur la communauté microbienne des eaux de surface. Cette étude a également mis en évidence la relation existante entre les échanges CO2 et d'O2 entre l'atmosphère et l'océan dans la WAP et la biomasse, la composition, la production primaire et la respiration de la communauté microbienne. Il existait tout d'abord une relation positive entre la concentration en Chl-a et la proportion de diatomées dans la communauté phytoplanctonique. De plus, il existait une corrélation négative significative entre la Chl-a et le ΔpCO2. La production primaire nette de la communauté (NCP) était principalement contrôlée par la production primaire et était négativement et positivement reliée avec le ΔpCO2 et le pourcentage de saturation de l'O2, respectivement, suggérant que la production primaire joue un rôle majeur dans les échanges de CO2 et d'O2 entre l'atmosphère et l'océan dans la WAP. Par ailleurs, le ΔpCO2 moyen au cours des trois années étudiées était de -20,04 ± 44,3 µatm, menant à un puits de CO2 potentiel durant l'été et l'automne dans la région. Le sud de la WAP était un puits potentiel de CO2 (-43,60 ± 39,06 µatm) durant l'automne alors que le nord de la WAP était principalement une source potentielle de CO2 durant l'été ou l'automne (-4,96 ± 37,6 et 21,71 ± 22,39 µatm, respectivement). Les plus fortes concentrations en Chl-a mesurées dans le sud de la WAP pourraient expliquer cette distribution spatialeRegional warming in the western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), along with the expected decrease in sea-ice cover and the seasonal ozone layer breakdown could modify the composition and the structure of the microbial community. In addition, these environmental changes could modify the potential of the WAP as a CO2 sink. In this context, this thesis aimed at evaluating the combined effects of regional climatic changes on the primary production and the composition and structure of the microbial community in the WAP. In a second time, this thesis aimed at evaluating the role of the microbial community structure, composition, primary production and respiration on air-sea CO2 gas exchanges.First, the variations in sea-ice cover, stratospheric ozone layer thickness and sea surface temperature over the last 30 years (1972-2007) were described. Related to the warming of WAP waters, the retreat of sea-ice was happening earlier each decade in the WAP. The observed changes in these environmental parameters offer a new temporal window for primary production. Indeed, the annual primary production increased from 1997 to 2007, in relation with the sea-ice cover anomaly for the previous winter. In addition, daily primary production was negatively and positively correlated to, respectively, sea-ice cover and sea-water temperature from September to November and from February to March, suggesting that regional warming favoured more primary production during spring and fall. On the contrary, the early retreat of sea-ice in spring, in coincidence with the spring ozone layer breakdown, led to an increase in photoinhibition (with an average of 11.6 ± 2.8 % of the daily primary production being photoinhibited). Therefore, regional climatic changes in the WAP had both a positive and a negative impact on primary production.The microbial community variability was also described in the Melchior Archipelago (in the WAP) from fall to spring 2006. Because of the extreme environmental conditions, the microbial community abundance and biomass were low in fall and winter and the community was dominated by small cells (< 2 µm), hence by a microbial food-web. Indeed, phytoplanktonic biomass was low during fall and winter (with respective chlorophyll a concentration, Chl-a, of 0.3 and 0.13 µg l-1). Phytoplankton biomass increased in spring (with a maximum Chl-a of 1.13 µg l-1) but, despite favourable growth conditions, phytoplankton was still dominated by small cells (2-20 µm), hence by a microbial or multivorous food-web. In addition, the early retreat of sea-ice in the spring 2006 exposed the WAP waters to strong ultraviolet B radiations (UVBR, 280-320 nm) that had a negative impact on the microbial community in surface waters.Finally, the relationship between air-sea CO2 and O2 exchanges in the WAP with the phytoplankton community biomass and composition and with the microbial community primary production and respiration was described. A positive relationship existed between Chl-a and the proportion of diatoms in the phytoplankton community. In addition, a negative relationship existed between Chl-a and ΔpCO2. The net community production (NCP) was mainly controlled by primary production and was negatively and positively related to ΔpCO2 and the %O2 saturation, respectively, suggesting that primary production was the main driver of air-sea CO2 and O2 gas exchanges in the WAP. In addition, the average ΔpCO2 for the summers and falls 2002 to 2004 was -20.04 ± 44.3 µatm, leading to a potential CO2 sink during this period in the WAP. The southern WAP was a potential CO2 sink (-43.60 ± 39.06 µatm) during fall while the northern part of the Peninsula was mainly a potential CO2 source during summer and fall (-4.96 ± 37.6 and 21.71 ± 22.39 µatm, respectively). The higher Chl-a concentrations measured in the southern WAP may explain this spatial distribution
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Baraka, Suleiman. "Etude de l'interaction entre le vent solaire et la magnétosphère de la terre : modèle théorique et application sur l'analyse de données de l'événement du Halloween d'octobre 2003." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066008.
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Une nouvelle approche, utilisant un code électromagnétique en 3D (PIC), est présentée pour étudier la sensibilité de la magnétosphère de la terre à la variabilité du vent solaire. Avec un vent solaire empiétant sur une terre magnétisée, le temps a été laissé au système pour atteindre une structure magnétosphérique à l'état d'équilibre. Par la suite, afin de simuler une dépression dans la pression dynamique du vent solaire, une perturbation impulsive a été appliquée au système en changeant la vitesse du vent solaire, pour un champ magnétique interplanétaire(IMF) inexistant, orienté nord ou sud respectivement. La perturbation appliquée induit un effet de trou d'air qui pourrait être décrit comme un espace quasi-vide de largeur ~15Re, et qui est formé pour tous les cas de IMF. Dès que le trou d’air atteint le « bow shock » de la magnétosphère régulière, une reconnexion entre le champ magnétique de la terre et le IMF sud a été notée sur le coté jour de la magnétopause(MP). Pendant la phase d'expansion du système, la frontière externe de la MP s’est brisée côté jour lorsque l’IMF=0, mais a conservé sa forme de balle pour un IMF orienté sud ou nord. Le temps de relaxation de la MP a été étudie par la suite pour les trois cas de IMF. Le code est finalement appliqué pour étudier l'événement d’Halloween de l’activité solaire en octobre 2003. Notre simulation a généré dans ce cas un espace raréfié, une sorte de trou d’air, qui a été produit suite un gradient fort dans l’IMF appliqué. Une telle structure est tout à fait semblable à l’anomalie d’écoulement chaud et peut en avoir la même origine
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Baraka, Suleiman. "Etude de l'interactionentre le vent solaire et la magnetosphere de la Terre: Modele theorique et Application sur l'analyse de donnees de l'evenement du Halloween d'octobre 2003." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00138416.
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Une nouvelle approche, en utilisant un 3D code électromagnétique (PIC), est présentée pour étudier la sensibilité de la magnétosphère de la terre à la variabilité du vent solaire. Commençant par un vent solaire empiétant sur une terre magnétisée, le temps a été laissé au système ainsi une structure d'état d'équilibre de la magnétosphère a été atteinte. Une perturbation impulsive a été appliquée au système par changeant la vitesse du vent solaire pour simuler une dépression en sa pression dynamique, pour zéro, au sud et du nord du champ magnétique interplanétaire(IMF). La perturbation appliquée, un effet de trou d'air qui pourrait être décrit comme espace ~15Re est formé pour tous les cas d'état de IMF. Dès que le trou d'air a frappé le choc d'arc initial de la magnétosphère régulière, une reconnexion entre le champ magnétique de la terre et le IMF sud a été notée à la coté jour magnétopause(MP). Pendant la phase d'expansion du système, la frontière externe de la coté jour du MP a enfoncé quand IMF=0, et pourtant elle sa forme de balle quand un IMF au sud et nordique étaient inclus. La relaxation de temps du MP pour les trois cas de IMF a été étudiée. Le code est alors appliqué pour étudier l'événement d'Halloween de l'octobre 2003. Notre simulation a produit un nouveau genre de trou d'air, un espace raréfié qui a été produit après un gradient fort en IMF d'empiétement. Un tel dispositif est tout à fait semblable aux anomalies chaudes observées d'écoulement et peut avoir la même origine
Books on the topic "Trout cod"
1
Baevsky, Yvonne Halpern. Physical and water-quality characteristics affecting trout-spawning habitat in the Quashnet River, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Marlborough, Mass: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1991.
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Baevsky, Yvonne Halpern. Physical and water-quality characteristics affecting trout-spawning habitat in the Quashnet River, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Marlborough, Mass: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1991.
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3
Baevsky, Yvonne Halpern. Physical and water-quality characteristics affecting trout-spawning habitat in the Quashnet River, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Marlborough, Mass: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1991.
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4
Baevsky, Yvonne Halpern. Physical and water-quality characteristics affecting trout-spawning habitat in the Quashnet River, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Marlborough, Mass: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1991.
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5
Baevsky, Yvonne Halpern. Physical and water-quality characteristics affecting trout-spawning habitat in the Quashnet River, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Marlborough, Mass: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1991.
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6
Marinaro, Vincent. A modern dry-fly code. New York: Lyons Press, 1997.
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7
Konopacky, Richard Charles. Response to ARCO's reports concerning the State of Montana's injury assessment for the upper Clark Fork River Basin. Helena, Mont: Natural Resource Damage Program, 1995.
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8
Reinbold, Keturah A. Effects of cold temperature on toxicity of ammonia to rainbow trout, bluegills, and fathead minnows: Contract report 68-01-5832/B. Champaign, IL: Illinois Natural History Survey, Center for Aquatic Ecology, 1990.
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Spillman, Butch. 1100 Fish Recipes - 130 Salmon Recipes, 67 Cod Recipes, 50 Trout Recipes, 80 Halibut Recipes, 13 Red Snapper Recipes Plus over 650 More Recipes for 33 Other Fish Types: Easy and Healthy Fish Recipes. Independently Published, 2018.
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10
Rey, Terry. An Abbé’s Atlantic Adventures. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190625849.003.0008.
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Shortly after the fall of the Trou Coffy insurgency in March 1792, Abbé Ouvière was appointed a delegate of the free colored Confederacy and tasked with returning to France to present their cause before the National Assembly in Paris. The delegation’s chief aim was to secure their full civil rights as French citizens; however, unbeknownst to them, Abbé Ouvière was a royalist who rejected the French Revolution and acted clandestinely to restore the rule of the ancien régime over Saint-Domingue. Several dramatic turns thus ensued when the priest’s papers were seized, including letters from his co-ideologues and his ailing wife, whom he had secretly married two years prior. Forced to flee France because of his political deceit, Ouvière would soon find himself in Jamaica, eventually making an dramatic passage to Philadelphia to embark on a new phase of his life. Chapter 7, “An Abbé’s Atlantic Adventures,” focuses on these events.
Book chapters on the topic "Trout cod"
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"Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation." In Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation, edited by Stephen T. Hurley. American Fisheries Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874578.ch21.
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<em>Abstract</em>.—Waquoit Bay is a coastal estuary located on the south side of Cape Cod. The primary rivers feeding the bay, the Quashnet and Childs rivers, are small, coldwater, groundwater-fed streams. Most of the watersheds of both rivers were originally set aside in the 1600s as a plantation for the Native American Mashpee Wampanoag tribe. The rivers were heavily modified in the late 1700s by the building of mill dams and later in the 1800s by cranberry agriculture. The anadromous Brook Trout <em>Salvelinus fontinalis </em>fisheries in both rivers were acclaimed in the early 1800s. Anadromous river herring <em>Alosa </em>spp. runs were created on both streams by connecting the streams to Johns Pond, a natural kettle hole pond. After anadromous Brook Trout populations declined due primarily to habitat loss, efforts were initiated in the 1950s to restore anadromy to Brook Trout in Cape Cod rivers by overstocking with hatchery Brook Trout. After this project, land protection along the river started with the purchase of abandoned cranberry bogs. Both rivers were heavily stocked with Brown Trout <em>Salmo trutta </em>in the 1970s and 1980s to create a sea-run Brown Trout fishery. In 1976, Trout Unlimited began an ongoing habitat improvement project in the Quashnet River. In the 1970s and 1980s, the rapid development of Cape Cod threatened the watershed. In 1988, the Waquoit Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve was formed and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts purchased land in the watershed to preserve it as open space. As part of the purchase agreement, a potential well site was reserved, which led to studies by the U.S. Geological Survey on the hydrology of the Quashnet River and the impact of potential wells. In the early 1990s, fisheries management shifted away from the stocking of Brown Trout to focus on the native Brook Trout fishery. The Mashpee National Wildlife Refuge, a consortium of landowners centered on Waquoit Bay, was formed in 1995. In 1997, the contaminant ethylene dibromide from the former Otis Air Force Base Superfund site was found to be entering the upper Quashnet River. This led to the creation of a system of berms and groundwater extraction systems. The failure of part of the berm system led to concerns about fisheries impacts, and a restoration plan was developed. A Brook Trout passive integrated transponder tagging project was initiated on the Quashnet River in 2007, and the Brook Trout population has been annually sampled since 2000. In 2008–2010, adult wild Brook Trout from the Quashnet River were transplanted to the Childs River and a wild Brook Trout population was reestablished. Nitrogen loading from the watershed has become a major issue for the Waquoit Bay estuary, causing algae blooms and water-quality impacts. The fisheries of the Waquoit Bay tributaries have been protected and enhanced by an ongoing combination of land protection, fisheries management and research activities, and habitat improvements involving a wide variety of partners. Watershed development and potential climate change continue to threaten both the estuarine resources of Waquoit Bay and the native freshwater and diadromous fisheries of its tributaries.
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Ghoshal, Ishita, Ishita Ghosh, and Sukalpa Chakrabarti. "Minerals and Fisheries in the Arctic." In Handbook of Research on International Collaboration, Economic Development, and Sustainability in the Arctic, 220–44. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6954-1.ch011.
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The chapter focuses on the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) that India and China may have (or not) with the Arctic region vis-à-vis certain marine and mineral resources. The outcomes will indicate where and how India and China could look to maximize trading potential, other than natural gases. The study applies a multi-country and multi-commodity Ricardian trade model and utilizes the Balassa Index to examine the revealed comparative advantage of select fish and minerals available at the Arctic. The study finds that there is considerable comparative advantage that the Arctic enjoys in terms of export of salmon/trout/cod and palladium vis-à-vis India and China. India and China both have a lot to gain by positively contributing towards intensification of partnerships among the governments for sustainable management of the resources. The focus should be on effective cooperation among the states in addressing illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing and to promote human development by supporting and safeguarding the small-scale actors in both mining and fishing sectors.
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"Early Life Stage Mortality Syndrome in Fishes of the Great Lakes and Baltic Sea." In Early Life Stage Mortality Syndrome in Fishes of the Great Lakes and Baltic Sea, edited by Leif Norrgren, Patric Amcoff, Hans Börjeson, and Per-Olov Larsson. American Fisheries Society, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569087.ch2.
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<em>Abstract.—</em>Populations of Baltic salmon <em>Salmo salar </em>and cod <em>Gadus morhua </em>are facing acute threats because of poor reproduction. The salmon is afflicted with high yolk sac fry mortality, and the incidence of cod larvae mortality is high. There are also indications that anadromous Baltic brown trout <em>Salmo trutta </em>populations are affected by reproductive disorders. These top predators have significant ecological, economic, and socioeconomic importance. Other species are also suffering from poor reproductive success and declining populations. Burbot <em>Lota lota </em>populations are locally affected by inadequate sexual maturation, resulting in a failure to spawn; gonad anomalies have also been described in roach <em>Rutilus rutilus</em>. High egg mortality has been recorded for whiting <em>Merlangius merlangus</em>, flounder <em>Platichtys flesus</em>, and herring <em>Clupea harengus</em>. Attempts have been made to discover the cause of reproductive disorders in Baltic fish species, but the available data suggest several possible causes, both abiotic and biotic. Species with pelagic eggs such as cod and flatfish are dependent on salinity and oxygen concentrations, factors that often limit the volume of reproduction in the Baltic Sea. A variety of biotic causes (i.e., infectious diseases, parasitism, and toxic algae) have been shown to affect species such as roach and herring. There are indications that nutritional factors (i.e., thiamine and astaxanthin) are involved in the cause of the yolk sac fry mortality syndrome affecting the Baltic salmon. Furthermore, anthropogenic activities causing both local point sources (i.e., metals and persistent organic pollutants) and long-range transport and deposition of acidic rain and pesticides must also be considered as potential threats to Baltic fish species.
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"Cutthroat Trout: Evolutionary Biology and Taxonomy." In Cutthroat Trout: Evolutionary Biology and Taxonomy, edited by Douglas F. Markle. American Fisheries Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874509.ch8.
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<em>Abstract</em>.—The 2015 special workshop on the taxonomy and evolutionary biology of Cutthroat Trout highlighted the need for a modern systematic revision of Cutthroat Trout. Pending such a revision, the consensus of this panel was that Cutthroat Trout taxonomy should be based on the unified species concept. The current classification of Cutthroat Trout is based on Benhke’s “major and minor subspecies,” which is incompatible both with the unified species concept, which logically excludes subspecies, and the International Code for Zoological Nomenclature, which does not recognize major and minor subspecies. A compromise, interim classification is proposed, which captures Benhke’s ideas about Cutthroat Trout evolution and other recent information and retains trinomials for his “minor” subspecies, entities deserving re-evaluation in any subsequent systematic revision. Four species are recognized in this interim classification: Coastal Cutthroat Trout <em>Oncorhynchus clarkii</em>, Westslope Cutthroat Trout <em>O. lewisi</em>, Lahontan Cutthroat Trout <em>O. henshawi</em>, and Rocky Mountain Cutthroat Trout <em>O. virginalis</em>. The latter two contain recognized, named subspecies—<em>O. henshawi</em> with four (one extinct) and <em>O. virginalis</em> with seven (one extinct). Substantial nomenclatural problems are described, such that some common names are likely to be more stable than some scientific names until problems are resolved. Significant among these nomenclatural problems are the need to stabilize Rocky Mountain Cutthroat Trout <em>Salar virginalis</em> Girard with a neotype selection; the recognition of <em>Salmo stomias</em> Cope as a synonym of Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout <em>Salar virginalis</em> Girard and, consequently, the absence of a scientific name for Greenback Cutthroat Trout; the high likelihood that <em>Salmo bouvieri</em> Bendire is not a Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout; the high likelihood that the surviving syntype of <em>Salmo pleuriticus</em> Cope is a Westslope Cutthroat Trout and not a Colorado River Cutthroat Trout; and the related need to stabilize <em>S. pleuriticus</em> Cope, either with a lectotype designation from the surviving syntype, which might place <em>S. pleuriticus</em> Cope as a synonym of Westslope Cutthroat Trout, or, if it can be justified, a neotype designation using a Colorado River specimen.
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"Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation." In Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation, edited by Richard N. Williams, Daniel C. Dauwalter, Russell F. Thurow, David P. Philipp, Jack E. Williams, and Chris A. Walser. American Fisheries Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874578.ch7.
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<em>Abstract</em>.—Native fish conservation areas (NFCAs) are watersheds where management emphasizes proactive conservation and restoration for long-term persistence of native fish assemblages while allowing for compatible uses. Native fish conservation areas are intended to complement traditional fisheries management approaches that are often reactive to population stressors and focused on single-species conservation efforts rather than complete assemblages. We identified potential NFCAs in the upper Snake River basin above Hells Canyon Dam using a process that ranked all subwatersheds (Hydrologic Unit Code 12) and used empirical data on distribution, abundance, and genetics for three native trout species (Bull Trout <em>Salvelinus confluentus</em>, Columbia River Redband Trout <em>Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri</em>, and Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout <em>O. clarkii bouvieri</em>, including the fine-spotted form) and both known occurrences and modeled potential distributions of native nongame fishes. Rankings also incorporated drainage network connectivity and land-protection status (e.g., national park, wilderness). Clusters of high-ranking subwatersheds were identified as potential NFCAs that were then classified according to the presence of nongame fishes identified as species of greatest conservation need in state wildlife action plans. The Pacific Creek and Goose Creek watersheds ranked high in the upper basin (above Shoshone Falls), and Little Jacks Creek and Squaw Creek ranked high in the lower basin. We then contrasted characteristics of a select few potential NFCAs, discuss the practical implementation and benefits of NFCAs for both fishes and other aquatic species in the upper Snake River basin, examined how the NFCA approach could enhance existing conservation partnerships, and discuss how designating select watersheds as NFCAs can create higher public awareness of the value of native fishes and other aquatic species and their habitats.
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"Urban and Community Fisheries Programs: Development, Management, and Evaluation." In Urban and Community Fisheries Programs: Development, Management, and Evaluation, edited by John B. Taylor, Mandy K. Scott, Jason A. Henegar, Robert K. Betsill, Fred W. Janssen, and Craig M. Scofield. American Fisheries Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874042.ch31.
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<em>Abstract.-</em>The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) has implemented an urban fishing program with a goal of introducing angling to demographic groups less likely to participate. One challenge is finding marketing methods that effectively identify and recruit target demographic groups to the program. In December 2005, TPWD began year-round biweekly stockings of adult rainbow trout <em>Oncorhynchus mykiss </em>(winter) and channel catfish <em>Ictalurus punctatus </em>(other seasons) in eight major metropolitan area lakes throughout Texas. On-site angler surveys were conducted from December 2005 through November 2006 to determine the number of people fishing at the lakes, the degree to which they had previously participated in fishing, and their ZIP code of residence. We used a Geographic Information System (GIS) supported by the Environmental Systems Research Institute’s (ESRI) ArcGIS® software, including ESRI’s Business Analyst extension, to geocode each respondent’s ZIP code of residence. This allowed us to examine geographic distribution patterns of anglers. The software’s databases of census and marketing survey data allowed us to learn about the characteristics of people residing near the lakes, as well as the probable characteristics of respondents as typified by the characteristics of people residing in their ZIP codes areas. We were able to obtain insight into sensitive demographic information (information that some respondents are reluctant to provide during surveys such as income, race, etc.), evaluate our success in targeting the desired groups, and are using information from the GIS to develop marketing strategies that may help us more effectively reach those groups.
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"Rotenone in Fisheries: Are the Rewards Worth the Risks?" In Rotenone in Fisheries: Are the Rewards Worth the Risks?, edited by Dennis P. Lee. American Fisheries Society, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569339.ch6.
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<em>Abstract</em>.—Northern pike are listed in the California Code of Regulations Title 14 Section 671 as a “detrimental animal” and it is unlawful to import, transport or possess northern pike alive except under permit. In 1989 the Department of Fish and Game (DFG) confirmed the presence of northern pike in Frenchman’s Reservoir. Prior to this, northern pike were not known to occur in California. In 1991, Frenchman’s Reservoir and tributaries were treated with Nusyn-noxfish to eliminate northern pike and the treatment was considered successful. In 1994, the DFG confirmed the angler capture of a northern pike from Lake Davis. In early October 1997, the DFG cleared legal challenges and in mid-October treated the lake with a combination of powdered Pronoxfish and Nusyn-noxfish, and tributary streams with Nusyn-noxfish. By July 1998, no chemicals from the treatment were detected and the DFG initiated rainbow trout stocking. Subsequently in May 1999, a northern pike was caught in Lake Davis, and the DFG again verified the presence of northern pike. The DFG developed 40 alternatives for controlling northern pike at Lake Davis from input at public meeting and workshops, and literature reviews. In February 2000, the DFG released <em>Managing Northern Pike at Lake Davis: A Plan for Y2000 </em>that described 12 recommended containment and control actions to be implemented during 2000. Chemical treatment of the lake was not included as a control action. The plan also described a monitoring program to measure the plan's success and provide opportunities to make informed course corrections should they be needed.
Conference papers on the topic "Trout cod"
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Wu, Haizhou, Cecilia Tullberg, and Ingrid Undeland. "Formation of reactive aldehydes (MDA, HHE, HNE) during in vitro digestion of cod muscle: role of hemoglobin from trout and bovine sources." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/jkrq2423.
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Heme-mediated oxidation in red meat is described as one of the potential routes to meat-induced colorectal cancer, which is linked to the ability of this reaction to continue also during gastrointestinal (GI) digestion while generating reactive aldehydes such as e.g. malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) and 4-hydroxy-trans-2-hexenal (HHE). Very little is however known about the specific forms of heme being present at different stages of the GI-tract, and how mammal heme-proteins compare to those of for example fish with respect to their lipid pro-oxidative activity under GI-conditions. In the present study, the degradation of trout and bovine Hb and their pro-oxidant activities towards washed cod muscle mince were studied using in vitro GI digestion models. When the two Hb´s were subjected only to the pH-cycle of the GI-digestion model (pH 7→6→3→7) at 37°C, metHb formation increased following the initial gastric acidification to pH 6, especially for trout Hb. Subsequent acidification to pH 3 promoted Hb unfolding and partial or complete loss of the heme group. When digesting the Hb´s in the full digestion model, i.e. with enzymes and bile present, high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HP-SEC) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of digests showed more extensive Hb-degradation in the gastric phase compared to in the duodenal phase. When washed cod muscle was digested without/with Hb, a strong pro-oxidative effect was seen from the Hb´s, resulting in high MDA, HHE, HNE formation which peaked at the end of the gastric phase. Slightly higher oxidation was seen with trout Hb, especially with respect to HHE. Results thus indicate that partially degraded Hb, and/or free hemin -both from mammal and fish sources- were highly pro-oxidative towards PUFA-rich lipids under GI-conditions, especially in the gastric phase.
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Shih, Hua-Chu. "Galling and Die Build-Up in Forming Uncoated, Cold-Rolled Advanced High-Strength Steels (AHSS)." In ASME 2015 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2015-9237.
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Uncoated advanced high strength steels (AHSS) are being used for non-exposed automotive applications where high strength is required. Due to higher contact pressures and friction forces between the tooling and sheet steel, increased die wear, die build-up and sheet steel surface galling have been observed. Although various countermeasures have been adopted in production to address these issues, the stamping die tryout process has not been revised accordingly. Proper heat treatment of uncoated tryout dies is required to prevent wear in stamping uncoated, cold-rolled AHSS. Whether die build-up and sheet steel surface galling occur depends on the steel surface condition. The intent of this study is to investigate the effects of steel surface topography on die build-up, sheet steel surface galling and friction in forming uncoated cold-rolled AHSS. DP590 and DP980 with different thickness and different finish rolled textures were tested with the bending under tension (BUT) tester to study these effects. A reciprocal cyclic bend test system (CBTS) of modifying bending under tension test was used to investigate wear and build-up between different surface texture steels in a production condition. Results indicate that the finish roll surface texture is found to be the root cause for the die build-up and steel surface galling that occurs during forming with uncoated dies. The ground-roll surface is the worst in terms of galling and build-up while the Electro-Discharge Textured (EDT) surface is the best. The surface parameters Skewness (Rsk) and Kurtosis (Rku) are found to be able to assess steel galling and die build-up behaviors for uncoated cold rolled AHSS using the uncoated D2 die. A surface with Rsk larger than −0.5 and Rku less than 3 can prevent galling and die build-up in the die tryout process, which is recommended to finish roll the uncoated cold rolled AHSS.
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Rony, Rajib Uddin, Adam Gladen, Sarah LaVallie, and Jeremy Kientz. "Experimental Investigation of Lab-Scale, Heat Exchanger Prototypes Designed to Provide Refugia for Trout." In ASME 2021 15th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2021 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2021-63934.
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Abstract In recent years Spring Creek in South Dakota, a popular fishing location, has been experiencing higher surface water temperatures, which negatively impact cold-water trout species. One potential solution is to provide localized refugia of colder water produced via active cooling. The present work focuses on the design and testing of a small-scale prototype heat exchanger, for such a cooling system. Various prototypes of the heat exchanger were tested in a 1/10th-scaled model of a section of the creek. A staggered, tube-bundle heat exchanger was used. The prototypes consisted of just the heat exchanger placed directly in the scaled-stream model and of the heat exchanger placed inside an enclosure with an aperture. The results show that, without the enclosure, the average temperature difference is 0.64 °C, with a corresponding heat transfer requirement of 1.63 kW/°C of cooling. However, with an enclosure, the average temperature difference is 1.95 °C, which required 0.59 kW/°C of cooling. Modifications to the enclosure decrease the average temperature difference but also decrease the standard deviation of the temperature difference. Thus, the cooling effect is more evenly spread throughout the water in the enclosure. This indicates that the enclosure design can be used to balance the requirements of obtaining a desired temperature difference with a relatively low spatial variation in that temperature difference. These results will be used to guide the design of the large-scale heat exchanger prototype.
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Niemi, Seppo, Ville Vauhkonen, Erkki Hiltunen, Sampo Virtanen, Toomas Karhu, Krister Ekman, Heikki Salminen, and Sanna Appelberg. "Results of an Off-Road Diesel Engine Driven With Different Animal Fat Based Biofuels." In ASME 2009 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2009-14010.
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The demand for increased use of biofuels in both on- and off-road diesel engines is growing. The carbon dioxide emissions must be reduced, but the increase in the petroleum prices and possible shortage of crude oil also promote the interest in biofuels. Simultaneously, exhaust pollutants of diesel engines have to be drastically reduced. The nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) form the main challenge for diesel exhaust cleaning. Despite the emissions reduction, the fuel economy of the engines should be kept at a sufficient level to also prevent the CO2 increase. In the present study, a turbocharged, inter-cooled direct-injection off-road diesel engine was driven with two animal fat based bio-fuels, namely steelhead (or rainbow trout) methyl ester (StME) and crude steelhead oil (StO). Crude or neat biofuels are also of interest since medium-speed engines are able to burn unrefined bio-oils. A vegetable oil based fuel, canola oil methyl ester (RME) served as the main reference biofuel. The baseline results were measured with commercial low-sulfur diesel fuel oil (DFO). The main aim of the project was to clarify how the waste-derived animal fat based biofuels are suited to engine use. The performance and emissions characteristics of the engine were determined. In addition to regulated emissions, the particle size distributions were also examined. The results showed that the studied animal fat derived ester was very suitable for the off-road test engine. NOx increased but hydrocarbons (HC), smoke, and PM mass decreased (by up to 60%) while thermal efficiency and carbon monoxide (CO) remained approximately unchanged. The particle number emissions were competitive relative to DFO. Raw fish oil StO reduced HC emissions but increased NOx and particle mass and number emissions. CO and smoke behaved ambiguously, so further investigation is needed for this fuel.
Reports on the topic "Trout cod"
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Physical and water-quality characteristics affecting trout-spawning habitat in the Quashnet River, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. US Geological Survey, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri914045.
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