Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Troubles du métabolisme des acides aminés'
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Poittevin, Monique. "Mise au point d'une nouvelle méthode de dosage des acides aminés dans les liquides biologiques par chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem : application en routine au diagnostic et au suivi des patients atteints d'aminoacidopathies." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10215.
Full textRegnault, Bruno. "L'acidémie isovalérique : étude à propos d'un cas." Caen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CAEN3037.
Full textLaaliaoui-Laffitte, Sylvie. "La cystinurie : à propos de 19 cas cliniques." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25279.
Full textJacquet-Delmulle, Hélène. "Etude du déterminisme génétique de la schizophrenie." Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ROUES036.
Full textSchizophrenia is a psychotic disorder of the young adult, which is a major proplem for public health because of its prevalence of 1% in the general population. Because schizophrenia presents a clinical heterogeneity and a multifactorial determinism, it is difficult to identify a risk factor for this disease. The comorbidity between schizophrenia and the 22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) suggested a putative rearrangement of the 22q11 region in schizophrenic patients. Screening for genomic rearrangements of 23 genes within or at the boundaries of the deletion 22q11 in 63 unrelated schizophrenic patients DSMIII and 68 controls, using QMPSF, led us to identify, in a family including two schizophrenic subjects, a selective heterozygous deletion of the entire PRODH gene. PRODH gene encodes a proline dehydrogenase enzyme, which is involved in the first step of the conversion of proline to glutamate. The measure of prolinemia in the two patients revealed a moderate elevated plasma proline level. We then detected, by sequencing, in a subset of schizophrenic patients, without rearrangements, several heterozygous PRODH missense mutations, which were also associated with increased plasma proline levels. Interestingly, we subsequently found the same PRODH deletion or missense mutations, at the homozygous state, in children suffering from a severe form of type I hyperprolinemia associated with neurological manifestations (mental retardation and seizure). To determine the involvement of hyperprolinemia disorders in psychotic disease including in the schizophrenic spectrum, we conducted a case-control study (including 320 patients with 114 controls), based on DSMIIIR criteria to distinguish schizophrenic patients, patients with a schizoaffective disorder and patients with a bipolar disorder. We found that hyperprolinemia was a risk factor for schizoaffective disorder and that five rare PRODH alterations were associated with hyperprolinemia. Altogether these results show that the severe form of type I hyperprolinemia results into mental retardation whereas the moderate form may constitute a risk factor for certain forms of psychosis
Blanchetier, Valérie. "Insulino-résistance et insuffisance rénale chronique : intérêt d'un régime restreint en protides et en phosphore et supplémenté en acides aminés essentiels et céto-analogues." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR23086.
Full textLarrezet, Jacques. "Homocystinurie par déficience en cystathionine B synthase : à propos d'un cas clinique typique." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2M022.
Full textMével, Marie. "Rôle de la kinase LKB1 dans les adénocarcinomes pulmonaires : régulations métaboliques et activité nucléaire, des mécanismes communs avec ses fonctions développementales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023GRALV103.
Full textLung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) are a subset of non-small-cell lung cancers, comprising approximately 85% of diagnosed lung cancer cases. The 5-year survival rate varies depending on the tumor stage, with approximately 68% survival for early-stage cases and nearly 0% survival for the most advanced stages. These cancers exhibit a range of mutational characteristics that may account for the varying degrees of severity. Liver Kinase B, abbreviated as LKB1, is found to be mutated in 8 to 21% of LUAD cases. While it is not the initiating factor in lung tumorigenesis, the loss of this protein significantly worsens the prognosis for affected patients.LKB1 is a serine-threonine kinase encoded by the STK11 gene, and it plays a pivotal role in the development and maintenance of various organs. Our team has uncovered essential metabolic regulations governed by LKB1 in distinct lineages of a specific embryonic stem cell population known as neural crest cells (NCCs). During my PhD, I contributed to investigating the significance of LKB1 in the establishment of the enteric nervous system—a complex network of ganglia responsible for regulating digestive motility and entirely derived from NCCs. Our research demonstrated the critical role of LKB1 in the differentiation of enteric neurons and the maintenance of enteric glial cells by limiting oxidative stress and modulating the activity of the p53 transcription factor.In this context, my doctoral research also delved into whether the metabolic regulations governed by LKB1 during NCC formation could also contribute to LKB1's tumor-suppressive activity. By conducting in silico analysis of transcriptomic data from LUAD patients with LKB1 mutations (in conjunction with oncogenic KRAS mutations), I have demonstrated that the loss of LKB1 function is linked to significant alterations in amino acid metabolism. Specifically, the expression of numerous enzymes involved in alanine metabolism is increased in the absence of LKB1 in lung adenocarcinomas. This increase aligns with data obtained from lung tumor cell cultures, which indicate higher levels of alanine in the absence of LKB1. Furthermore, LKB1 mutations are associated with dysregulation of metabolites and enzymes related to redox homeostasis, global epigenetic changes, as well as the stabilization of p53 and alterations in the expression of its target genes.Hence, my findings underscore the shared regulatory mechanisms between LKB1's developmental role in NCCs and its tumor-suppressive function in lung adenocarcinomas. These analyses, conducted in LUAD patients, further underscore the potential significance of LKB1 signaling in human developmental syndromes, even though mutations in this pathway are not currently associated with neurocristopathies—pathologies stemming from NCC malformations. Additionally, the identification of other dysregulations in LUADs, such as the regulation of oxidative stress via the NRF2-KEAP1 pathway and the deregulation of the transcription factor and chromatin regulator BRG1, reciprocally inspire a deeper understanding of LKB1's developmental functions. Collectively, these findings pave the way for exploring novel therapeutic strategies for conditions linked to diminished LKB1 signaling
Deveaux, Ambre. "Supplémentation nutritionnelle en arginine chez des sujets sains présentant des facteurs de risque liés au syndrome métabolique : métabolisme de l'arginine alimentaire et impact sur la fonction endothéliale." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLA001/document.
Full textVascular endothelial dysfunction, the hallmark of early atherosclerosis, results from an impairment of the synthesis and/or bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), the precursor of which is arginine. Endothelial dysfunction is also known to be induced transiently by a high-fat meal. In subject with cardiometabolic risk factors, oral arginine supplementation has a beneficial effect on NO-related physiological functions. However, no data relates the availability of arginine to the synthesis of NO in normal or cardiometabolic risk condition. In addition, few studies only have investigated the effect of arginine supplementation in a nutritional context (low dose and slow release) in subjects with cardiometabolic risk factors. This work aims to evaluate the effect of a nutritional arginine supplementation, on the arginine metabolism and endothelial function in healthy subjects with cardiometabolic risk factors. In a first clinical study, we have compared the bioavailability of oral arginine and its utilization for NO synthesis, as a function of the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors, and as a function of the form of release (immediate release, IR, as free arginine, or sustained release, SR, which mimics the slow release of dietary arginine). Then, in a second clinical study, we studied the effect of SR-arginine supplementation on fasting endothelial function and its postprandial alteration in healthy subjects with cardiometabolic factors. A further aim was to investigate whether this effect may vary according to the baseline arginine status of subjects. This thesis work has demonstrated a higher utilization of oral arginine for NO synthesis in subjects with cardiometabolic risk factors, and a higher utilization with the SR form, particularly in these subjects at risk. As to the second study, it showed that the SRarginine supplementation effects largely varied with baseline fasting arginine concentration of subjects with cardiometabolic risk factors. In subjects with a relatively lower baseline arginine concentration, SR-arginine attenuated the decrease in postprandial endothelial function and led to a significantly higher endothelial function at the end of the postprandial period
Iraqui, Houssaini Ismaïl. "Métabolisme des acides aminés aromatiques chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211859.
Full textAlleman, Fabien. "Etude du catabolisme des acides aminés chez deux lignées de poulets génétiquement maigres ou gras." Tours, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOUR4028.
Full textGalindo, Carlos Eduardo. "Effet des acides aminés sur le métabolisme du glucose chez la vache laitière." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27282/27282.pdf.
Full textGrisoni, Marie-Laure. "Rôle des acides aminés alimentaires dans la lipogénèse du poulet de chair." Aix-Marseille 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX30083.
Full textEliard, Christine. "Contribution à l'étude de la croissance et du métabolisme énergétique d'une bactérie du genre Arthrobacter : influence de changements de salinité." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO11643.
Full textNovak, Levente. "Le reseau metabolique de lactococcus lactis ssp. Lactis ncdo 2118 : interactions entre metabolisme carbone et azote." Toulouse, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAT0015.
Full textRamond, Elodie. "Métabolisme des acides aminés dans l’échappement de Francisella tularensis du phagosome des macrophages infectés." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05T026/document.
Full textFrancisella tularensis, the etiologic agent of the zoonotic disease tularemia, is a facultative intracellular bacterium which can infect multiple cell types with specific tropism for macrophages. This bacterium is responsible for severe infections in numerous animal species and in humans. Of note, F. tularensis subsp. tularensis has been classified as a type A bioterrorism agent because of its high infectivity and very low infectious dose. Genome sequence analyses and genome-scale genetic studies have revealed the importance of genes involved in metabolic functions throughout the bacterial intracellular cycle. Among these genes, several amino acid transporter where found to belong to the amino-acid-polyamine organocation subfamily (APC), prompting us to address the role of these transporters in bacterial virulence. We first focused on the APC transporter encoded by gene FTN_0571 in F. tularensis subsp. novicida and named GadC. We showed that GadC was a genuine glutamate importer, necessary for Francisella intracellular multiplication and virulence. gadC inactivation completely blocked bacterial phagosomal escape. Remarkably, multiplication of a gadC mutant was restored in gp91phox-/- macrophages that are unable to generate reactive oxygen species. Altogether, our study revealed that glutamate uptake was critical in bacterial oxidative stress resistance in the phagosomal compartment and highlighted possible links between glutamate utilization and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. These results prompted us to address the role of a second APC transporter sharing 33 % amino acid identity with GadC and named ArgP. argP inactivation severely delayed bacterial phagosomal escape, thus impairing intracellular multiplication and virulence. We demonstrated that ArgP was a high affinity arginine transporter, suggesting that impaired phagosomal escape might be directly linked to an arginine import defect. argP inactivation in the F. tularensis subsp. holarctica Live vaccine strain also leads to a severe intracellular multiplication defect, consistent with a conserved role among all F. tularensis subspecies. Arginine is an essential amino acid for F. tularensis. To understand the importance of this amino acid during the phagosomal phase of the Francisella intracellular life cycle, a proteomic analysis of the bacteria, in conditions of arginine limitation, was carried out. This analysis revealed that arginine limitation affected in the argP mutant the expression of a series of proteins and in particular of all the ribosomal proteins. One may imagine that intracellular bacteria could also sense nutrient limitations in the phagosome as a subcellular localization signal. Altogether, these studies constitute the first demonstration of the importance of amino acid acquisition during F. tularensis phagosomal escape
Tassa, Amina. "Mécanismes de régulation de la protéolyse musculaire (autophagie) par une carence en acides aminés." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF1MM06.
Full textEstecahandy, Pascale. "L'ochronose alcaptonurique : à propos d' un cas." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25138.
Full textBerti-Dupuis, Liliane. "Métabolisme de la L-méthionine et de son a-hydroxyanalogue dans différents tissus chez le poulet." Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX30081.
Full textFavé, Gaëlle. "Stratégies d'amélioration de la biodisponibilité des acides gras : approches physico-chimiques et enzymatiques." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00689483.
Full textChotechuang, Nattida. "Le rôle des acides aminés dans le métabolisme protéique du foie sous régime hyper protéique : identification du signal des acides aminés et des voies de transduction associées." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00610998.
Full textBeutheu, Youmba Stéphanie. "Étude des protéines de jonctions serrées au cours de l'inflammation intestinale : impact des acides aminés." Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUENR04.
Full textLa fonction de barrière peut être régulée en partie par les jonctions serrées (JS). Les JS sont des structures mufti-protéiques qui jouent un rôle important dans la polarité, la prolifération et la différenciation cellulaire. Plusieurs études ont suggéré que l'augmentation de la perméabilité intestinale pourrait être impliquée dans la survenue de phénomènes inflammatoires tels qu'observés au cours du syndrome de l'intestin irritable (Sul), ou de la mucite induite par le méthotrexate (MTX). Cependant, les régulations et les mécanismes mis en jeu ne sont pas clairement définis. Les objectifs de notre travail étaient d'une part d'étudier la régulation des protéines de JS, claudine-1, occludine et zonula occludens-1 (Z0-1) dans deux modèles i. E. Sur des biopsies coliques de patients atteints du SII et dans des modèles expérimentaux de mucite induite par le MTX in vivo chez le rat et in vitro sur des cellules Caco-2, et d'autre part d'évaluer les effets d'acides aminés dans les modèles expérimentaux de mucite. Nous avons observé des différences dans les altérations des protéines de JS en fonction du phénotype et des symptômes chez les patients SII. Les patients SII diarrhéiques présentaient d'importantes altérations d'expression de l'occludine et de la claudine-1. Cette perte d'expression protéique était corrélée à la durée des symptômes et à l'intensité de la douleur, suggérant donc que ces modifications seraient impliquées dans l'initiation du SIL Dans les modèles expérimentaux de mucite, nous avons observé une augmentation de la perméabilité intestinale induite par le MTX qui serait associée à des altérations de l'expression et de la localisation des protéines claudine-1, occludine et ZO-1. De plus, nous avons pu déterminer que les voies NF-kB, MEK1&2 et JNK seraient impliquées au cours de la perte de la fonction de barrière. Dans le cadre de stratégies nutritionnelles pour moduler ces altérations, nous avons montré que la glutamine prévenait l'augmentation de la perméabilité et restaurait l'expression des protéines de JS via les voies erk. Et NF-kB. La combinaison glutamine plus arginine n'aurait pas d'effet protecteur au cours de la rupture de la barrière intestinale dans ce modèle et semblerait être associée à une mortalité importante. Ces données incitent à poursuivre cette étude pour confirmer les effets préventifs et/ou thérapeutiques de la glutamine au cours de la mucite induite par le MTX mais également au cours du SII
Liadouze, Isabelle. "Etude du metabolisme azote d'Acyrthosiphon Pisum (Harris) (Homoptera : Aphididae), : intervention des bacteries symbiotiques." Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0067.
Full textAphids are highly specialized insects that feed on the phloem-sap of plants, the amino acid composition of which is unbalanced. Nevertheless, on such a diet, aphids complete bath high development rates and fast reproduction. This adaptive response suppose that aphids display an important amino acid metabolism. In this context, free amino acid pool was analyzed in Acyrthosiphon pisum reared on Vicia faba and on three artificial diets with different amino acid profiles: the two first diets (name "luzerne" and "fève diets) copying the unbalanced profiles of phloem saps of alfalfa and broad bean respectively, the last one, diet AP2, deriving from aphid carcass analysis. Whatever the food source was, the free amino acid pool of aphids displayed roughly similar patterns. The role played by the symbionts in this homeostasis was investigated with aposymbiotic aphids reared on the same diets. The treated aphids had significantly higher free amino acid content than control ones. In contrast to the symbiotic situation, the well balanced free amino acid pool were not maintained in aposymbiotic aphids. Then, the metabolism of sixteen amino acids was studied on diets AP2 and "luzerne" using metabolic radio-tracers in the pea aphid. The most amino acids were subject to substantial catabolism as measured by high 14C02 production. For the first time in an aphid, we directly demonstrated the synthesis of three essential amino-acids (threonine, isoleucine and lysine) from carbons of common amino acids. The synthesis of these three compounds was only observed from amino acids that were previously converted into glutamate. To explain the quantitative results of interconversion between amino acids, we propose a compartmentalization model with the intervention of bacterial endosymbiotes for the synthesis of essential amino-acids. According to our results, glutamate is the only amino acid provided by the insect to its symbiotic bacteria. It would be used for synthesis of the essential amino acids, they would then be used by the aphid
Sentier, Luc. "Caractérisation d'une souche de saccharomyces cerevisiae génétiquement modifiée dans le métabolisme des acides amines aromatiques : étude cinétique et modélisation." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPL020N.
Full textDuboc, Henri-Gérard. "Dysbiose et métabolisme des acides biliaires : implications au cours du syndrome de l’intestin irritable." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066218.
Full textThe irritable bowel syndrome associates chronic abdominal pain and altered bowel transit. This is a common digestive disorder, which in its pathophysiology include the concept of dysbiosis, i. E disruption of the intestinal microbiota (overall micro organisms in a gut). Dysbiosis implies alterations of the host-microbiota dialogue leading to disease, a mainly descriptive concept to date. Bile acids are synthesized by the liver and metabolized by bacteria then reabsorbed from the intestine - so potentially involved in this dialogue. Other pathophysiological axes include motor, permeability, and intestinal secretion, and theses are functions also regulated by bile acids, through the membrane receptor TGR5. This work presents and discusses, through two scientific publications, the links between irritable bowel syndrome, dysbiosis, and TGR5 receptor
Vianey-Liaud, Christine. "Contribution à l'exploration biochimique des déficits héréditaires de la β-oxydation des acides gras." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO1W239.
Full textMoro, Joanna. "Impact de la déficience en acides aminés indispensables sur le métabolisme protéique et énergétique, et identification de signatures métaboliques." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASB001.
Full textThe availability of protein sources for human nutri-tion is a major concern due to global demographics, economics and nutritional transitions. Protein intakes must cover the need for nine indispensable amino acids (IAA). It is important that this need is met in order to avoid situations of protein and energy me-tabolism imbalance. Various studies have been de-veloped to determine this need: nitrogen balance, the factorial method, and methods using stable iso-topes. However, these methods are difficult and invasive, and the obtained values of needs present significant differences. It is therefore necessary to develop more precise and non-invasive approaches, such as metabolomics, as recommended by the FAO.The objectives of this thesis are to assess the impact of protein and IAA (lysine and threonine) deficiency on protein and energy metabolism and to identify markers of deficiency for these two amino acids in the growing rat. Severe levels of deficiency (85%; 75%) in protein and lysine and threonine decrease weight and lean mass and increase food intake. These effects are associated with a decrease in protein synthesis and an increase in energy metabolism in low protein diets. These effects seems to be mediated by FGF21. Analyses of metabolomics in urine show that variations in pipecolate and taurine indicate lysine and threonine deficiencies, respectively
Tavernier, Blanche. "Régulation de la voie de la cynurénine : influence de l'inhibition de synthèse de sérotonine sur les concentrations cérébrales d'acide cynurénique et d'acides aminés." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P133.
Full textGouzy, Alexandre. "Étude de l'utilisation des acides aminés aspartate et asparagine dans la virulence de mycobacterium tuberculosis." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2144/.
Full textTuberculosis causes about 2 million dead per year in the worldwide and constitutes the first cause of human death due to a single bacterial pathogen. The etiologic agent of tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a facultative intracellular pathogen who replicates inside macrophages in a specialized membrane-bound vacuole, the phagosome, whose pH is slightly acidic and where access to nutrients is limited. Understanding how the bacillus extracts and incorporates nutrients from its host may help develop novel strategies to combat tuberculosis. Here, we could demonstrate that M. Tuberculosis exploits the amino acids aspartate and asparagine as a major nitrogen source to support growth during infection through the transporters AnsP1 and AnsP2 and the asparaginase AnsA. This work provide the evidence, for the first time, that amino acids are major nitrogen providers during host colonization and thus pave the way to identify new antituberculous compounds targeting assimilation of amino acids by the bacterium upon infection
Gingras, Andrée-Anne. "Implication des acides gras oméga-3 à longue chaîne dans la régulation de la sensibilité musculaire à l'insuline des métabolismes du glucose et des acides aminés chez les bouvillons en croissance." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25386/25386.pdf.
Full textGenet, Cédric. "Identification et développement de triterpènes comme agonistes TGR5 : étude de leurs effets sur le métabolisme." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6295.
Full textMitochondrial dysfunction, a hallmark feature in the early stage of metabolic diseases, is currently not targeted by the available therapies with preferentially focus on the consequence of the diseases. Nevertheless, an early discovered G coupled protein receptor named TGR5 was shown to lead to an increase in mitochondrial activity. This effect reveals TGR5 as an interesting target to prevent the early onset of metabolic diseases. To further explore TGR5 potential, our principal challenge was to identify more potent and more selective TGR5 agonists than the already known bile acids which act on other nuclear receptors. To this end we used a TGR5 activity assay to screen a plant library. Among the plant extracts tested, was have been able to isolated two active principles from the triterpene family, the oleanolic acid and the corosolic acid. In vivo, oleanolic acid showed antihyperglycemic activity, improved glucose tolerance and decrease weight gain. Furthermore, oleanolic acid enhanced mitochondrial activity in vitro. An SAR study based on natural triterpenes has led us to the discovery of betulinic acid used in hemi-synthesis and affords the synthesis of RG 239, a more potent TGR5 agonist which induce mitochondrial activity in a TGR5 dependant manner. Unfortunately, RG 239 was not active in vivo, probably because of poor bioavailability. Although, these results confirm TGR5 as therapeutical target, we have found that triterpenes were not drugable molecules. Indeed, triterpenes are hydrophobic molecules and the degree of liberty of their chemical function for structural modification is very low. That is the reason why we have decided to screen two databases of commercial products, Zinc and Asinex with a scaffold hoping method in order to find new TGR5 agonist family. The selected molecules by this approach are under investigation
Guillet, Christelle. "Altérations de la réponse du métabolisme des protéines musculaires aux facteurs anaboliques au cours du vieillissement." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF1MM21.
Full textJoulin, Yves. "Métabolisme, méthodes de dosages et intérêt de la mesure de la 3-méthylhistidine dans les liquides biologiques." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P192.
Full textBouras, Noureddine. "Régulation de la production d'antibiotiques dithiolopyrrolones chez saccharothrix algeriensis NRRL B-24137." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7063/1/bouras.pdf.
Full textAbdel, Sater Fadi. "Dissection fonctionnelle de la voie de signalisation activée par les acides aminés extracellulaires chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211024.
Full textDeglaire, Amélie. "Flux de protéines endogènes dans l'intestin et métabolisme postprandial des acides aminés alimentaires chez les mammifères monogastriques et chez l'homme." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004154.
Full textGouirand, Victoire. "Etude de la reprogrammation des voies métaboliques des acides aminés au cours de la carcinogenèse pancréatique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0673.
Full textThe malignant progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is accompanied by a profound desmoplasia, depriving tumor cells from oxygen and nutrients, which forces tumor cells to adapt their metabolism to proliferate. The thesis purpose is to define the metabolic changes related to ADKP. Using a transcriptomic analysis of PDAC from mice model, we established the PDAC metabolic profile. Focusing on amino acid metabolic pathways, we identified the metabolic pathways of proline and the branched-chain amino acid, especially the leucine catabolism, as the most deregulated in ADKP compared to the normal pancreas. We demonstrated that tumor cells take up collagen-derived fibroblasts, thanks macropinocytosis, when they are nutrient deprived. Once collagen is internalized, its subsequent digestion supplies TCA with proline. Also, inhibition of proline degradation leads to a decrease in tumor proliferation in vitro and in vivo. We have shown leucine catabolism is specific to tumor cells and the final degradation products: the β-hydroxybutyrate (βOHB) appears as a key element of this metabolism. To produce βOHB, tumor cells use HMGCL, a crucial enzyme involved in leucine degradation. In our work we demonstrated that HMGCL suppression in PDAC cells decreases their oncogenic and metastatic capacities in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we have demonstrated in vivo that βOHB increases tumor growth and metastasis formation. Thus, our works show 1/ the metabolic plasticity of cells, 2/the influence of microenvironment on tumor cell metabolism, 3/ the importance to study tumor metabolism for the finding of new therapeutic targets
Bertrand, Catherine. "Purification de flavoprotéines d'origine mitochondriale et diagnostic des déficits héréditaires de l'oxydation mitochondriale des acides gras." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1T013.
Full textChotechuang, Nattida. "The role of amino acids in liver protein metabolism under a high protein diet : identification of amino acids signal and associated transduction pathways." AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/61/09/98/PDF/Thesis_Nattida_CHOTECHUANG_last_version.pdf.
Full textHigh Protein (HP) intake improves glucose homeostasis and reduces weight gain, body fat mass, white adipose tissue and adipocyte size in rats. The metabolic adaptation is characterized by at least a decrease in hepatic lipogenesis and an increase in hepatic amino acid (AA) conversion into glycogen. However, the role of amino acids (AAs) in the control of these metabolic adaptations has not been studied, and the transduction pathways involved in the sensing of the increase in AA supply remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of our study was to understand the effect of AAs on translation and on proteolysis, to identify the transduction pathways involved in AA signaling and the AA or the groups of AAs involved in these effects, using both in vivo and in vitro approaches. Western blot analysis was performed on protein extracts to examine the phosphorylation state of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and general control non-depressible kinase 2 (GCN2) transduction pathways which may be involved in AA sensing and in the control of translation in liver. This study demonstrated that adaptation to HP diet was characterized by the stimulation of translation, at least for the initiation step in the liver. Using primary culture of hepatocytes, we showed that this activation required both high AA levels (at least for leucine alone or a branched-chain AA mixture) and insulin, as indicated by the increase of mTOR, 4E-BP1 and S6 phosphorylation and the decrease of AMPK and GCN2 phosphorylation. Using AICAR (AMPK activator) and rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor), we demonstrated that mTOR might not be the only regulator of 4E-BP1 and S6K1 (downstream targets of mTOR) in high AA conditions and that AMPK may also play an important role in their control. Moreover, the HP diet induced the inhibition of protein breakdown in the liver and these results were concomitant with a decrease of gene expression of the major components for both autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system in liver. Subsequently, ubiquitinated protein in the liver was lower and both AAs and insulin were required for the down-regulation of ubiquitination. Indeed, mTOR and AMPK were also involved in the control of the ubiquitin proteasome system in the liver in response to the increase in AA and insulin concentrations. These results suggested that the control of the catabolic and anabolic pathways of protein metabolism was regulated by the same set of signals and mediated by the same transduction signaling pathways
Ciapa, Brigitte. "Un modèle pour l'étude de l'activation cellulaire : la fécondation de l'œuf d'oursin." Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE4132.
Full textPeyraud-Thomas, Caroline. "Étude fonctionnelle des complexes multiprotéiques impliqués dans la régulation transcriptionnelle des gènes de la voie de biosynthèse des acides aminés soufrés chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066467.
Full textFaure-Ronzeau, Magali. "Etude de la régulation de l'expression de la transaminase mitochondriale des acides aminés à chaine ramifiée au cours du développement dans le muscle squelettique du mouton." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30112.
Full textChalvon-Demersay, Tristan. "Rôle des acides aminés dans la limitation de l’adiposité sous régime hyperprotéique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLA018/document.
Full textSeveral studies have reported that some kinases located in the liver respond to the availability of amino acids. These kinases are mammalian target of rapamycin '(mTOR), "adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase" (AMPK) and "general control non-depressible kinase 2" (GCN2).The aim of our study was to clarify the role of two of these signaling pathways, AMPK and GCN2 in the adaptations of energy and protein metabolism in response to the modulation of dietary protein content. Wild-type and liver AMPK-deficient or liver GCN2-deficient mice were fed either a low, a normal or high protein diet during three weeks. Analyzes showed that liver AMPK-deficient mice fed under a normo-protein diet exhibit an adapatation of liver metabolism and secret FGF21 which enables them to have normal postprandial oxidation profiles.In contrast, liver AMPK-deficient mice fed a low or a high protein diet exhibit an alteration in postprandial oxidation profiles. The deletion of GCN2 in the liver only has an effect under low protein diet as liver GCN2 deficient mice have a lower lipid oxidation and a higher carbohydrate oxidation linked to the absence of FGF21 secretion. Concerning protein metabolism, AMPK and GCN2 do not seem to be involved in protein synthesis rate in the posrprandial period in the liver and periphery in the postprandial muscle. In conclusion, these studies show that hepatic AMPK and GCN2 deletions affect energy metabolism, but not protein metabolism and that the consequences depend on diet composition
Famelart, Marie-Hélène. "Étude du comportement de Brevibacterium linens ATCC 9175 en fermenteur : influence des conditions de culture sur la croissance et le métabolisme du lactate et des acides aminés." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112002.
Full textThis study presents the behaviour of Brevibacterium linens in a fermentor on a L-lactate and casamino acids medium. The first part consists of an experimental design used to point out the effect of 3 factors: the pH (7,5-8,5), the temperature (20-30°C) and the dissolved oxygen concentration (40-60% of the saturation), both of them controlled during the culture, on growth and metabolism parameters at different times: lag time, end of exponential growth, end of the falling back of growth and final time. The values of these times, the absorbance (D. O. ) of the culture, the concentration of lactate and amino acids, and produced ammonia at these times were analysed. The value of generation time was deduced from graphical response. The logistic law was used to improve growth data precision, and the following parameters were deduced: time to reach 2. 5, 35, and 80% of the maximal O. D. , value of this maximum, maximal and mean growth rate. Data obtained from the pH and dissolved oxygen controls at the same typical times were also analysed. The most important results were obtained from the variance analysis on the overall experimental conditions and on the generation time parameter: they showed an important quadratic effect of oxygen, an important interaction between the 3 factors, and positive effects. The generation time decreased between 40% and 50% of dissolved oxygen and increased beyond this level. The other parameters were less explained, but it appeared that the value of maximal growth is factors independent. The substrate consumption pointed out no factor effect, with the obtained precision, except a linear, quadratic and cubic effect of dissolved oxygen: tested at the levels 40 and 60%, this factor leads to incomplete substrate consumption, compared with the level 45-55%. But, is the maximal growth achieved in the case of these cultures? B. Linens produced ammonia which is absorbed with the amino acids, this fact pointed out by linear regressions statistically significant. A preferential consumption of a few amino acids (arginine, tyrosine and phenylalanine) has been detected, as ornithine production in some circumstances. His aroma production activities were pointed out qualitatively by sniffing. The freeze dryed suspension showed longer lag periods, and a greater oxygen consumption. The volumes of acid or alkali used to maintain the pH seemed to be more dependent on growth than on culture conditions. Some additional experiments presented in part 2, with mediums of different substrate concentrations showed that: - lactate is not limitant – some amino acids absorbed may be limitant, and decrease in growth rate may be explained by their removing – the low growth yields found in case of high lactate concentration medium may be explained by maintenances effects. Modelisation of biomass production and substrate consumption was tested, but the medium complexity prevented to do it
Kraft, Guillaume. "Régulation nutritionnelle du métabolisme hépatique des acides aminés chez le ruminant en croissance : conséquences sur l'apport des nutriments azotés aux muscles." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AGPT0001.
Full textGilot, Martine. "Traitements thermiques du tryptophane libre ou résiduel : incidences nutritionnelles, recherche du pouvoir mutagène." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20205.
Full textStepien, Magdalena. "Impact des régimes hyperprotéiques sur l'homéostasie énergétique." AgroParisTech, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AGPT0007.
Full textOmphalius, Cléo. "Variations de l’efficience d’utilisation des acides aminés d’intérêt en fonction des apports en énergie chez la vache laitière." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NSARB325.
Full textFor dairy nutritionists, increasing the efficiency of metabolizable proteins (MP, microbial proteins and dietary proteins escaped ruminal digestion), which is the ratio between the exported protein and MP supply, is an environmental and economic challenge. This efficiency depends of the metabolic fate of amino acids (AA), nutrients absorbed after the hydrolysis of MP, and consequently of the partition between the use of AA to synthesize the different proteins exported and their catabolism in urea. The use of AA is an energy-dependent process. This work aimed to understand the variations of the efficiency of use of individual AA in response to energy supply. Data from three splanchnic or/and mammary metabolism studies have been used to study the variations of AA use. The net energy supply was modulated in interaction with the supply of total AA or with those of the three most limiting essential AA (EAA, Lys, Met and His).The originality of this work was to combine measurements on metabolism to the calculation of individual EAA efficiencies to better understand their catabolism by their inefficiency. The efficiency of PM was calculated by considering, not only milk protein exports, but all exported proteins (INRA, 2018), including endogenous fecal proteins. This calculation was then applied to individual EAA using the EAA profiles of each protein fraction (Lapierre et al., 2016). The main conclusions were that variations in protein exports are explained by variations in net splanchnic and mammary fluxes and by changes in intramammary uses of AA according to nutritional situ
Rouhier, Nicolas. "Aspects fonctionnels et structuraux des systèmes thiorédoxine et glutarédoxine de peuplier et de leurs enzymes cibles, les peroxyrédoxines et les méthionine sulfoxyde réductases de type A." Nancy 1, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2003_0104_ROUHIER.pdf.
Full textCellular metabolism leads to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are extremely damaging to macromolecules including proteins and lipids. By maintaining the redox equilibrium, the thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems help fight the damages generated by the ROS. Two thioredoxins and one glutaredoxin, all bicysteinic, have been chracterized and their catalytic mechanism detailed. This work has also focused on two thioredoxin/ glutaredoxin target enzymes, peroxiredoxins which are peroxydases devoid of prosthetic group and type A methionine sulfoxide reductases, which reduce S methionine sulfoxide into methionine. The structural and functional characterization of several peroxiredoxin and type A methionine sulfoxide reductases has led to the identification of the active site amino acids as well as those necessary for the protein/protein interactions. The most original result is that glutaredoxin can serve as an alternative and preferential electron donor for a certain class of peroxiredoxins
Huet-Velasco, Carine. "Mise en évidence du rôle des isoenzymes I et II de la pyruvate carboxylase dans le métabolisme central, chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Toulouse, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAT0005.
Full textPyruvate carboxylase is a key enzyme of the central metabolism in eucaryotes. It catalyzes the reaction of pyruvate carboxylation into oxaloacetate, an essential anaplerotic pathway of the citrate cycle. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae there are 2 pyruvate carboxylase cytosolic isoenzymes, PC I and PC II, encoded by 2 homologous genes, PYC1 and PYC2. We aim at finding conditions which could allow us to differentiate these 2 isoforms in order to determine their repective function. Analysis of kinetic properties shows that PC I is dependent on acetyl-CoA, whereas PC II is almost insensitive to this effector and the affinity of PC I for ATP is 10 times lower than that of PC II. PC I seems to be the major isoform on glucose/ammonium because the deletion of PYC1 slows down the growth of the yeast, whereas deletion of PYC2 has no phenotype and PC I activity in a delta pyc2 mutant is 2 times higher than PC II activity in a delta pyc1 mutant. In this study, we demonstrate that PYC1 and PYC2 are differentially regulated by the nature of the nitrogen source of the growth medium. Promoter regions of PYC1 seem to be concerned by the repression mecanism in the presence of aspartate and glutamate. The concentration ratios between intracellular alpha-cétoglutarate, glutamine and glutamate could be signals for control of PYC1 by the nature of nitrogen source. PC I, major isoenzyme regulated by the nature of nutrients, is required for biosynthesis pathways whereas PC II seems to have an auxiliary anaplerotic function to provide oxaloacetate to the cell, when needed
Baudouin-Cornu, Peggy. "Composition élémentaire des protéines : métabolisme et analyses statistiques." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112142.
Full textLn S. Cerevisiae, genes involved in sulfur amino acids biosynthesis are subjected to a specific negative regulation. In minimal medium, the transcription of the MET genes is turned off in response to the presence of 1 mM methionine in the growth medium. This repression is due to the SCF-Met30-dependent polyubiquitylation of the transcriptional activator Met4 which is then degradated by the proteasome. In rich : medium, the ubiquitine ligase SCF-Met30 oligo-ubiquitylates Met4 thus preventing its tethering to the MET gene promoters. In the first part of the report, we describe our study on mechanisms involved in the regulation of the ubiquitine ligase complex SCF-Met30. In particular, we show that exposure to cadmium restores MET gene transcription in rich medium as in minimal media by inhibiting the SCF-Met30-dependant ubiquitylation of Met4. The modus operandi of cadmium is the dissociation the SCF-Met30 complex by the destabilisation of the interaction between Met30p and Skp1p. To grow, an organism has to find all the elementary constituents of its biopolymers in its environment. However, their abundance are likely to vary. In the second part of the report, we present a statistical study on the atomic composition of several sets of proteins and demonstrate the existence of specific mechanisms allowing organisms to cope with these fluctuations. Indeed, we show that in bath E. Coli and S. Cerevisiae, the sulfur, carbon and nitrogen assimilatory enzymes are depleted in sulfur, carbon and nitrogen respectively. By analysing systematically the atomic composition of the proteins of 46 organisms, we observe that the sulfur and carbon atomic compositions of proteins is specific to each organism. We then highlight a negative correlation between the optimal growth temperature of thermophilic organisms and the sulfur content of their proteins and we show that the carbon content of proteomes and the guanosine plus cytosine content of genomes are correlated