Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Trouble musculosquelettique'
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Albert, Valérie. "Adaptation et validation d'un questionnaire mesurant les représentations liées à l'incapacité au travail auprès d'adultes présentant un trouble musculosquelettique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5552.
Bouffard, Julie. "Outiller les employeurs dans la gestion du retour progressif au travail de personnes présentant un trouble musculosquelettique : adaptation du guide d'évaluation de la marge de manœuvre." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/12094.
Abstract: Purpose: To facilitate a return to work for workers being on a sick leave following a musculoskeletal disorder (MSD), many physicians prescribe a gradual return to work (GRTW), which poses numerous challenges for workplaces. The aim of this study was to provide employers with an adapted tool to support them in managing GRTWs following a MSD. The study had two objectives: 1) adapt an existing tool intended for rehabilitation professionals (Guide for estimation of margin of manoeuvre) and 2) establish the acceptability of the adapted tool with potential users (PUs). Methods: A mixed methods design was used and carried out in three phases. 1) The first step was to adapt the original tool by taking into account the results of a critical review of the literature on the characteristics fostering PU’s adoption of guides. 2) The second step was to consult a group of expert practitioners familiar with the original guide and who worked with the PUs, using an adaptation of the Technique for Research of Information by Animation of a Group of Experts (TRIAGE). This consultation was done in two phases: a survey to be completed individually, and a consensus group meeting. For the survey, a self-administered questionnaire was used, prior to the group meeting, to establish the level of agreement of the experts with the pertinence, exhaustiveness, clarity, visual appeal and user-friendliness of the first version of the adapted tool. The proposals made regarding statements that obtained mean agreement scores of two or less were then addressed in a group meeting, until consensus was reached on the changes to be made. 3) The third step was to establish the acceptability of the latest version of the adapted tool with the PUs. To do so, dyads composed of a return-to-work coordinator and a direct supervisor from the same company were interviewed, using a semi-structured interview guide. A thematic analysis of the verbatim transcript was performed. Results: 1) From 13 publications, four main characteristics (clarity, format, applicability, and usefulness) were identified from the critical review. 2) Nine occupational therapists expert (eight women and one man, mean experience of 12.17 years) reached a consensus on 20 modifications covering three sections, which yielded a second version of the adapted tool comprising a 22-pages instruction guide and a two-sided planning worksheet. 3) The 15 PUs consulted (nine women and six men mainly from large companies from various sectors) found the tool acceptable overall. They recognized that the developed tool allowed them to standardize the management of the GRTW, include the worker more systematically in the process, and operationalize the best return-to-work practices. They also identified a few minor changes to make, including recommendations for preparing colleagues and shortening the format. Conclusion: By adapting the Guide for estimation of margin of manoeuvre, this study provided a tool that was designed and adapted to employers, taking into account both evidence-based data and expert consensus, which seems to have contributed to its acceptability by PUs. The adapted tool fills a real need within companies and further studies could be carried out to improve its format and create a transdiagnostic version.
Deltreil, Guillaume. "Matrices emplois expositions biomécaniques et troubles musculosquelettiques : comment modéliser au mieux les contraintes physiques par matrice dans la prédictivité des troubles musculosquelettiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Angers, 2023. https://dune.univ-angers.fr/documents/dune17781.
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) represent a major occupational health issue. The growth in the number of workers affected by these pathologies is a marker of the worsening of working conditions. Job-exposure matrices area tool for assessing the impact on the relationship between these conditions and these disorders. The objective of this thesis was to study, from a lifetime perspective,musculoskeletal disorders based on data from job-exposure matrices and using statistical tools.The CONSTANCES job-exposure matrix was used as a source of exposure across this work. It is based on the cohort of the same name and gathers personal and work-related data concerning the general population. Through the development of a tool, it was possible to select a logistic regression model linking the interaction between the duration of exposure and the level of exposure with the appearance of the pathology within the framework of the study of knee pain. It was showed that the level of exposure was the most strongly impacting factor (1.34-2.81) on the onset of disorders, although the duration also increased (0.83-1.10) the risks. Secondly, it was possible to found that this same model should also be selected for the study of low back pain and severe hand pain, with similar results. Finally, using a machine learning tool, it was possible to adapt our model within the framework of the study of the imbalance data. Tor the carpal tunnel surgery, the impact of the duration (1.29) was more important than in the other studies but it is the level of intensity (1.31) which remained the most determining.In conclusion, the job-exposure matrices made it possible to obtain an assessment of the impact of different factors on the occurrence of several disorders, even in a context of data imbalance, although many more studies are needed before it can be applied by practitioners
MECHALI, BIZOUARD SOPHIE. "Les facteurs de risque de troubles musculosquelettiques du membre superieur en milieu professionnel." Angers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ANGE1043.
Gomes, Junior Waldez Azevedo. "Improving Ergonomics Through Physical Human-Robot Collaboration." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0208.
This thesis aims to provide tools for improving ergonomics at work environments. Some work activities in industry are commonly executed by workers in a non-ergonomic fashion, which may lead to musculoskeletal disorders in the short or in the long term.Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs) are a major health issue worldwide, that also represents important costs both for society and companies. WMSDs are known to be caused by multiple factors, such as repetitive motion, excessive force, and awkward, non-ergonomic body postures. Not surprisingly, work environments with such factors may present an incidence of WMSDs of up to 3 or 4 times higher than in the overall population.Here, our approach is to evaluate the human motion with respect to ergonomics indexes, optimize the motion, and intervene on the task based on the optimized motion.To evaluate the body posture ergonomics, we developed a Digital Human Model (DHM) simulation capable of replaying whole-body motions.In simulation, the initial movement can be iteratively improved, until an optimal ergonomic whole-body motion is obtained.We make the case that a robot in physical interaction with a human could drive the human towards more ergonomic whole-body motions, possibly to an ergonomically optimal motion. To design a robot controller that influences the body posture, we first investigate the human motor behavior in a human-human co-manipulation study. In this human dyad study, we observed motor behavior patterns that were used to design a collaboration controller for physical human-robot interaction (pHRI). In a new study, the same co-manipulation task was then executed by humans collaborating with a Franka Emika Panda robot
Prud'Homme, Daniel. "Les interventions en prévention des troubles musculosquelettiques par les équipes de santé au travail: une étude exploratoire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28777/28777.pdf.
Prud'homme, Daniel. "Les interventions en prévention des troubles musculosquelettiques par les équipes de santé au travail : une étude exploratoire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23087.
Les troubles musculosquelettiques (TMS) représentent plus du tiers de toutes les lésions indemnisées au Québec par la CSST depuis plusieurs années. Dans le cadre de l'article 59 de la Loi sur la santé et la sécurité du travail, les entreprises visées par règlement doivent avoir un programme de santé spécifique à un établissement. Depuis 2008, le risque TMS jusque là non pris en compte est évalué au même titre que les autres facteurs de risque. Cette recherche qualitative vise à répondre à la question suivante : « quelles sont les pratiques d'intervention en prévention des TMS déployées par les équipes de santé au travail? ». Les résultats indiquent qu'une grande partie des pratiques d'interventions en prévention des TMS par les ÉSAT sont relationnelles. Celles-ci doivent en effet bâtir une relation de confiance avec l'établissement, lui démontrer son utilité et les convaincre d'agir en prévention des TMS.
Rouaud-Amelineau, Emmanuelle Tripodi Dominique. "Les manipulateurs en radiologie face aux risques de troubles musculosquelettiques analyse et prévention des risques à l'hôpital Läennec de Nantes /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/SPErouaud.pdf.
Gouin, Marie-Michelle. "Prise de décisions en contexte de réadaptation au travail : un processus concerté? : étude de cas de travailleurs atteints de troubles musculosquelettiques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25833.
Marchiori, Claire. "Identification des situations à risques de Troubles musculosquelettiques par un indice d'inconfort articulaire biomécanique. : Application clinique aux utilisateurs de fauteuil roulant manuel." Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VERS034V/document.
The main objective of this work was to evaluate MD risk situations in manual wheelchair users (MWU). To do a biomechanical joint discomfort index based on a fuzzy quote was created. It was then used in three common use cases of MWU: propulsion, transfer and curb ascent. The secondary objective of this study was to identify the most deleterious joints within each activity.The study 1 helped highlight the discomfort Articular is medium during propulsion on level ground and increases with the slope. The study 2 emphasizes that the positioning strategy of the trunk during a pivot transfer does not affect the already high level of risk transfer but the level of discomfort varies between the two arms. Finally, the third study to show a higher level of risk in the curb ascent that during propulsion. The rise of the rear wheels is the most demanding phase.Analysis of the daily activities (DA) aims to assess the most deleterious DA for MWU in order to "guide" the MW use to preserve their UL by limiting the most risky activities. The focused articular discomfort index of each activity helped to highlight the most at-risk joints in each activity: the wrist and shoulder. The high prevalence of MDs among MWU and possible occurrence throughout their lifetime requires the establishment of a monitoring with the primary objective to prevent the development of MDs. We observed in these studies that the level of risk varies from one skill to another as well as joint stress. However, to be complete analysis of the risk level should be taking into account environmental aspects
Cambon-Palazzo, Clémence. "Evaluation de la contribution des maladies musculosquelettiques au handicap en France à partir de l'enquête Handicap-santé." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC018.
Introduction : Representative national data on disability are becoming increasingly important in helping policymakers decide on public health strategies. Objective : to assess the contribution of rheumatologic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) to disability in France 1) comparing disabilities attributable to RMDs to disabilities attributable to other chronic disorders, 2) evaluating disabilities encountered in different Methods : Data on diseases and on disability for 29,931 subjects living in households were extracted from the national 2008-2009 Disability-Health Survey results. A weighting factor was applied to obtain representative estimates for the French population. Diagnosis and disabilities were self-reported. In the first part, disability was defined as at least one restriction in activities of daily living (ADL), severe disability as the inability to perform at least one ADL atone, and self-reported disability as a general feeling of being disabled. In the second part, we used the core set of disability categories for RMDs of the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for analysis. To account for comorbidities, we assessed the contribution of each chronic disorder to disability by using the average attributable fraction (AAF). This could be defined as the proportion of disability that could be avoided eliminating the disease. Results: Neurological, musculoskeletal, and cardiovascular chronic disorders mainly contribute to disability in France. Neurological and musculoskeletal diseases had the largest impact on disability (AAF 17. 4% and 16. 4%, respectively). Neurological disorders contributed the most to severe disability (AAF 31. 0%). Musculoskeletal and sensorial impairments contributed the most to self-reported disability (AAF 15. 4% and 12. 3%). Cardiovascular conditions were also among the top four contributors to disability categories (AAFs 8. 5%-11. 1%). Overall, 27. 7% (about 17. 3 million people) (95% CI 26. 9-28. 4%) of the population reported having at least one RMD. The most prevalent RMDs were low back pain (12. 5%, 12. 1-13. 1) and osteoarthritis (12. 3%, 11. 8-12. 7). Osteoarthritis was the main contributor to activity limitations (AAF 22% for walking difficulties, 18. 6% for difficulties in carrying objects, and 12. 8% for difficulties in dressing were attributable to OA). OA was also a contributor to need for human assistance (9. 2% of the need for help from immediate family, 11. 8% of the need for help from health professionals were attributable to OA), and to health service delivery (AAF 8. 9%). Changing jobs was mainly attributed to neck pain (AAF 13%) and low back pain (11. 5%). Conclusion : Our findings provide an overview of disabilities attributable to chronic diseases and RMDs in France. They may help to convince policymakers of the need to focus on RMDs to improve population health
Ollmann, Michaël. "De la représentation des risques professionnels aux pratiques de prévention : quelle dynamique pour quelle formation : le cas du risque routier et des troubles musculosquelettiques en question." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2005_OLLMAN_M_1.pdf.
Many cultural, technical and scientific upheavals are going through our modern societies. However, parallely to the progress they generate, these upheavals also create undesirable effects which we name risks. The domain of risks on the places of work is not spared by this phenomenon and we are presently noticing the emergence of risks that do not exactly correspond to usual criteria of risks on these places. We may ask ourselves what sort of representation of these risks prevention actors have? What sort of knowledge and competences are necessary to these prevention? What sort of training can we propose to prevention actors? In order to give appropriate answers to these questions, we have been interested in two risks: the risks on roads and the risk on musculoskeletal disorders. In order to achieve our goal we carried out a series of semi-directive interviews next to the “CRAM” prevention actors and the actors of the prevention inside firms who have been confronted with these risks. Thanks to this study, we can thus understand the dynamic of representations, the nature of prevention practices and the learning and training mode process of the prevention actors. From these results, we make recommendations to adapt the training of the prevention actors to the peculiar characteristics of these risks
Balaguier, Romain. "D'une analyse ergonomique en situation réelle de travail à la mise en place d'un programme d'activités physiques adaptées pour la prévention des troubles musculosquelettiques de salariés viticoles." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAS005.
Work related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) affecting the low back do represent one of the most pressing health problems and a major issue among workers in Europe including vineyard workers. It is noteworthy that the negative effects at the individual, employer and societal levels make the prevention of WMSDs affecting the low back a priority target in the viticulture sector. Within this context, the aim of this PhD thesis was to build an effective action to prevent WMSD symptoms of the low back among vineyard-workers.A field ergonomic work exposure analysis was first conducted (i) to question the location and severity of WMSD symptoms and (ii) to objectively quantify the kinematics during pruning activity. Of note, this winter activity was chosen because it represents six months of the annual physical workload. To reach this first sub-objective, two complementary studies were conducted (Studies I and II). In Study I, self-reported musculoskeletal pain ratings confirmed the existing literature that the low back was the most painful anatomical region among vineyard-workers. In addition, two-dimensional video-recordings of pruning activity revealed that vineyard-workers frequently adopt trunk forward bending postures considered as ‘extreme’. In Study II, the use of wireless tri-dimensional inertial sensors further demonstrated that pruning activity was also associated with trunk postures combining forward bending and rotation. On the whole, these two field studies indicated that vineyard-workers adopted trunk postures known to increase the risk of WMSD symptoms over the low back during the performance of pruning activity.Based on these findings, a workplace supervised APA program was subsequently conceived, implemented and evaluated to specifically prevent WDMS symptoms of the low back among vineyard-workers. The APA program was supplementary to classical ergonomic interventions. To achieve this second objective, two complementary studies (Studies III and IV) were conducted in which volunteer vineyard-workers were invited to follow supervised warm-ups and training APA sessions targeting trunk muscle endurance and flexibility, known to decrease in case of WMSD symptoms over the low back. Results of Study III showed the effectiveness of this workplace supervised APA program to increase trunk muscle endurance and flexibility and to decrease pressure pain sensitivity over the low back, hence demonstrating the positive effects of APA on pain mechanisms. Results of Study IV further provided a comprehensive view on how and to what extent the context of the implementation of the APA program and the collaboration between stakeholders were decisive to reach a high compliance rate and were likely to increase the program’s effectiveness.As a whole, this PhD thesis demonstrated that, based on an ergonomic work exposure field analysis, a supervised workplace APA program can help to prevent WMSD symptoms of the low back among vineyard workers. Interestingly, even though the question of sustainability still remains to be assessed, these promising results have convinced other wine-producing companies to integrate this APA program as one component of their health policies already including ergonomic approaches
Sylla, Nahéma. "Contribution à l'assistance robotisée du geste au travail : modélisation, analyse et assistance du geste." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20135/document.
The emergence of Musculo-Squelettal Disorders (MSD) in the industry is a real blight, having major socioeconomic consequences in France. In order to reduce work painfulness and MSD risks, some industries are committing to modifying workstations by assisting operators with robotic devices. Following this MSD prevention policy, PSA Peugeot Citroen aims to use cobots or exoskeletons as assistive devices to improve workers conditions. However, implementing this type of robot in factories requires quantifying their ergonomic benefit. In this context, the objective of this thesis is to develop a method to assess collaborative robot that are intended to be used in PSA Peugeot Citroen factories. In this framework, the right mono-arm ABLE exoskeleton, designed by the CEA-LIST has been used. With a biomechanical analysis of an industrial manipulation task, we have been able to assess the benefit of the exoskeleton in terms of physical load reduction. We also proposed in this work to assess neuromuscular mechanisms underlying the industrial task performed in interaction with the exoskeleton. On the basis of the human motor control theory and using an inverse optimisation method, objectives functions such as jerk, joint torque or energy that characterize the human manipulation task in terms of efforts, kinematics and execution time, have been identified. This improved understanding of human upper limb movements then allowed reviewing the exoskeleton design in order to propose an optimal command strategy adapted to the execution of industrial tasks
Hubaut, Rémy. "Les outils d’évaluation du risque de TMS : caractéristiques, cas d’usage et perspectives de développement." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALH016.
The evolution of the prevention model for Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD), together with the development of new technologies leads to the evolution of these tools. Our thesis work on the design of a digital MSD risk assessment tool is in this context. It aims to establish benchmarks for the design of future MSD risk’ assessment tools. The etiological models of MSDs have evolved in recent years towards more multifactoriality. For their part, MSD risk assessment tools seem to remain largely focused on an assessment of exposure to physical risk factors. The notion of instruments and that of instrumented action considers that the user of a tool rarely stays within the strict framework of the use intended by the designers. Our thesis work is structured around four studies. A first study offers a detailed analysis of 20 existing risk assessment tools for MSDs and the risk factors considered. In general, these results confirm the difficulty of these tools in grasping the multifactorial nature of the exhibitions. It therefore appears necessary to enrich these tools by considering a larger number of factors, as well as their interactions. A second study presents an analysis of the use of a MSD risk assessment tool by three different users on an industrial site. The MSD risk assessment tool used during the analysis offers a multifactorial look at the risk of MSD. Analysis of the use of MSD risk assessment tools in 29 work situations allowed us to establish design benchmarks for future MSD risk’ assessment tools. The results of this study allow us to establish that the MSD risk assessment mobilizes a set of tools beyond the only assessment tool for its realization. The third and fourth studies question the question of how the stages of MSD risk assessment interact with other enterprise instrument systems. We notably carried out the analysis of a restitution meeting of the result of an MSD risk assessment (study 3), and interviews with other industrial groups (study 4) to consolidate our data. The set of tools mobilized by the actors during the MSD risk assessment constitutes a system of instrument. This instrument system allows the user of the tool to take a first look at the operator's activity in the evaluated work situation. We will discuss the confusion caused by these practices between MSD risk assessment and ergonomic work analysis by asking the question of the impact of this confusion on MSD prevention
Guerrier, Aude. "Régulations et marges de manœuvre situationnelles des encadrants de proximité en sous-traitance : un enjeu de prévention des TMS." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAH039.
The occurrence of MSDs can be related to the forms of work organization which does not allow operators to regulate their work situations. Acting for MSD prevention in the meat cutting activities, implies the development of their situational operational leeway. The purpose of this work is to describe and analyze the effect of critical situation regulation by subcontractor supervisors on supervised operators work environment. The methodology is based on the analysis of two cases mobilizing interviews, observations of the activity of two subcontractor proximity supervisors and self-confrontations. The “critical situations” regulating processes related to the components of the situational operational leeway of the supervisors and its effect on the working environment of supervised operators was reconstituted. Our results show that in order to create the performance conditions, the supervisors participate indirectly and on condition in designing the environment characteristics of the supervised operators for MSD prevention. These conditions refer to the possibility of developing situational operational leeway which is the combination of individual, collective and organizational components. The regulations are implemented on a vertical plane based on the provision of resources for the development of collective work within the team. On an horizontal plan, it gives place to entraid and cooperation with the team, the operators and the supervisors of user company. These regulatory activities in the "here and now" within the critical situation can also be a way for supervisors to influence more widely their working conditions beyond the scope of the work situation
Louis, Nicolas. "Analyse biomécanique de la propulsion en fauteuil roulant à mains courantes : indices d'évaluation ergonomique." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00597217.
Bernez, Louise. "Burnout des soignants, interactions de travail en secteur gériatrique et effet du jardin." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0346/document.
The aim of this research was twofold. Study the causes and consequences of Burnout caregivers, initially, and understand the effect of the presence of a garden in a hospital geriatric sector in a second time. Nurses and caregivers of nine geriatric services answered a questionnaire constructed from the theories and scales of Karasek and Theorell (1990), Siegrist (1996), Shirom (2004) and Kuorinka (1987). So, the Burnout is faced with psychosocial factors, the vigor (wellness) and physical pain to extract the causes and consequences of this psychological disorder. These same teams also participated in such conversations "focus groups" and semi-structured individual interviews to speak about their working conditions, as well as their experience and felt the presence or absence a arranged garden or undeveloped in their work environment. These care teams belonged to three types of geriatric services: cognitive behavioral unit, palliative care, rehabilitation care. The main results of the questionnaire involve lack of support from the hierarchy appearance as increasing the risk of Burnout. This result is confirmed by interviews. In addition, Burnout was a lesser incidence of Burnout in care services with a garden that those without a garden, and and there is also with an amplification of the benefit with specially-designed gardens. The feeling of strength, both physical and psychological, was less present when the care services did not have a therapeutic garden. A trend toward an increase in musculoskeletal disorders in services with a therapeutic garden versus no garden was observed. Upon analyzing the results, the authors recommend particular attention in the designing of hospital gardens in order to facilitate the ergonomics of nursing work. In conclusion, the overall results advocate the use of the garden as a systemic structure conducive to work interactions in a specially designed area by allowing the same to combat the sources of Burnout and defend Vigor. It encourages the development of nursing and reducing Burnout highlighting a precautionary principle on the physical load and ergonomics of this place to explore
Julien, Anaïs. "Rôle du muscle au cours de la régénération osseuse : étude fonctionnelle de la contribution cellulaire et impact des traumatismes musculosquelettiques Periosteum contains skeletal stem cells with high bone regenerative potential controlled by Periostin Role of muscle stem cells during skeletal regeneration Muscle-‐derived profibrotic progenitors impair bone healing in musculoskeletal trauma." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=2170&f=15825.
Coupaud, Marine. "Mondialisation, conditions de travail et santé." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0139/document.
This thesis aims at exploring to what extent globalization, through its diversecomponents, impacts the health of European workers. In a first part, we expose the socio-economicconsequences of this multi-faceted phenomenon. In a second part, we show that internationalcompetition, one of the essential components of globalization, is a risk factor for non-skilledworkers. Nevertheless, individual and organizational factors are the most likely to explain mentaland physical disorders prevalence in the population as a whole. Globalization also implies newpractices linked to firms’ internationalization strategy, another component of globalization. Weunderline that workers must acquire the skills to stay attractive in a constantly changing worldand they do not find much support in their companies. In a third part, we show that globalizationenhances the surge of the service sector in industrialized countries. In addition, the leanmanagement is implemented in those sectors and competitive pressure increases. These changesimpact the way the work is performed. Within this context, the health of workers deterioratesbecause they are exposed to changing risk factors, among them: intense of work related tointerpersonal relationships. Finally, we find that the Corporate Social Responsibility comes as ananswer to improve workers’ health and as a consequence, firms’ social and financial performance
Moustié, Jean-Baptiste. "Droit et risques psychosociaux au travail." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0266/document.
The concept of "psychosocial risks at work" gathers several work-related suffering risks. These risks are, at the same time, related to the generating acts of pain and to the expressions of suchpain on employees’ health. Despite its formulation, this concept refers to events affecting both mental and physical health of workers. Such affecting events share the same social ground. Indeed, psychosocial risks are mainly caused by the companies’ organization themselves, management methods or harmful relationships. Even though the expression of psychosocial risks was formerly developed out of the legal environment, it is now generally used in law to deal with issues of health and safety at work. However, the comprehensive understanding of such risks is not yet obvious from a legal perspective. These are complicated to define and delimit, tinged with subjectivity and unlikely to be understood in light of the employment law history. However, law is increasingly taking into account the different dimensions of the workers’ individuality. Also, if the psychosocial risks fail to be recognized, so far, as an independent and entire legal concept, both laws (domestic and international) and case law are more and more referring to it. Therefore, measures and legal solutions applicable to the working relationships in private companies enable to prevent such risks, punish or compensate them. As such, a wide range of people, whether related or not to the company, are able to duly face these factors
Lederer, Valérie. "L’incapacité au travail liée aux troubles musculosquelettiques : aspects théoriques et différences de genre." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10530.
Introduction: This thesis consists of three interrelated papers. The first one set out to clarify conceptual issues surrounding the notion of work ability/disability, its definition and its evolution over time. The aims of the second and third paper are to assess the differential effect of the determinants of time to return-to-work (RTW) and compensation duration by gender, as well as the related costs, in workers receiving long-term compensation benefits for musculoskeletal injuries (MSIs). Methods: The first study consists of developing an integrative concept map of work (dis)ability through the systematic scoping review of its definitions and a comparative analysis based on the grounded theory approach. In the second study, a cohort of 455 adults on long-term disability due to work-related MSIs of the back/neck/upper limb was followed for five years through structured interviews and administrative databases. Cox regression modeling stratified by gender was used to assess time to a first RTW of at least three days. In the third study, a register-based cohort of 13,073 men and 9032 women with long-term claims related to neck/back/upper-limb MSIs was followed for three years. Main outcomes were compensation duration and costs. Gender stratified extended Cox models were used to study the compensation duration and detect time-varying effects. Results: The definitions analyzed in the first study do not reflect a shared, integrated vision of the exact nature and attributes of work (dis)ability. However, there seems to be a relative consensus that work (dis)ability is a relational concept resulting from the interaction of multiple dimensions at different ecological levels (individual, organizational and societal). The second study showed that despite similar survival curves of time to RTW between men and women on long-term disability (p=0.920), several factors influencing RTW differed by gender. Women’s risk factors included older age (HR=0.734 - in 10 years unit), poor perceived economic status (HR=0.625), working ≥40 hours/week and having dependents (HR=0.508) and awareness of workplace-based occupational health and safety program (HR=0.598); higher gross annual income (in $10,000s) was a facilitator (HR=1.225). In men, being over 55 years old (HR=0.458), poor perceived economic status (HR=0.653), working ≥40 hours/week and high perceived physical workload (HR=0.720) and higher job insecurity (HR=0.825) negatively influenced time to RTW. The third study revealed that three years post-injury, 12.3% of men and 7.3% of women were still receiving compensation benefits, with a male-female cost ratio of 2.1:1 for all compensation claims. Effects of certain predictors (e.g. income, injury site or industry) differed markedly between men and women. Age and claim history had time-varying effects in men and women’s models respectively. Conclusion: The way work (dis)ability is defined has important implications for research, compensation and rehabilitation. Results also confirm the importance of gender-sensitive studies to investigate the determinants of RTW and time on compensation benefits.
Drolet, Marie-Ève. "Les déterminants de l'épuisement professionnel et des troubles musculosquelettiques et leur cooccurrence chez les policiers." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8434.
This thesis was written in the scope of a multidisciplinary research aiming to develop better intervention tools and policies for management of mental health in the workplace. The main objective was to identify the determining factors of burnout, musculoskeletal disorders, and their associated comorbidity within a population of police officers. Four hundred and ten officers from the Service de Police de la Ville de Montreal (SPVM) were interrogated using a questionnaire based on standard tools in work-related mental health research. The organizational conditions (main independent variables for this study) were derived from validated theoretical models. The data analysis consists of a segmented approach that looks at the effect of each concept (decisional latitude, social support, demands, rewards, and overcommitment). This revealed that the effects of organizational conditions were unevenly distributed among the three dimensions of burnout (emotional exhaustion, cynicism and personal accomplishment). Moreover, it was observed that three different types of rewards described in the “Effort-Reward Imbalance Model” (Siegrist, 1996) also had uneven effects on the likelihood of burnout. According to our data, self-esteem rewards and the overcommitment phenomenon had the most significant impact on each of the three dimension of burnout and on its global index. Finally, our results show that self-esteem rewards are significantly related to the comorbidity of musculoskeletal disorders and burnout. However, we note that more specific research tools would enable further analysis of the effect of organizational conditions on musculoskeletal disorders and more detailed explanation of the comorbidity relationship between the two disorders.
Guimont, Sophie. "Programme en partenariat pour la prévention des troubles musculosquelettiques dans une pharmacie communautaire: étude exploratoire." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10881.
Introduction Health is regarded as an ideal, a goal to improve and to achieve; in order to enhance it some therapists using enabling approaches. The latter show positive results for the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD's). Objective The objective of this research is to measure the effects of a partnership program in a community pharmacy for the prevention of MSD's. Methodology A mixed design (quantitative, qualitative and descriptive) before and after with a non-equivalent control group is used. Participant recruitment is done on a voluntary basis. They are aged 18 years and over (experimental group (n = 18) and control (n = 17)) and occupy three distinct job titles. Different measures through questionnaires and interviews are taken before and after the intervention. The intervention, meanwhile, includes three session developed from the concepts of ergonomics. Results Results are related to the acquired knowledge and mobilization, and there is a decreased of pain sensation is measured among the participants of the experimental group. Similarly, for these participants, a disposition or proneness to generalize knowledge is observed. Conclusion Inspired by the principles of prevention, ergonomics and empowerment, this study, despite its limitations, allows to better document the effects of a program in partnership with business services for MSD's prevention.
Lavoie, Elizabeth. "Évaluation d'un programme d'ergothérapie participative pour la prévention de troubles musculosquelettiques auprès de travailleurs en usine : étude exploratoire." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8221.
Pilon, Francine. "Impact des troubles musculosquelettiques sur les mécanismes du contrôle postural chez les adolescents-hockeyeurs de niveau élite et intervention en Reconstruction Posturale®." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11435.
Adolescent hockey players can suffer from musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) resulting from excess muscle tension that can lead to dysmorphisms, muscle imbalances as well as inadequate standing posture. The consequences of these changes often lead to unnecessary overload of the musculoskeletal system (MSS), disturbances in postural control mechanisms and eventually the development of muscular and joint pain. Very few interventions are design to address MSD by rebalancing muscle tension. One of the clinically tested interventions is Postural Reconstruction® (PR). Our first objective was to identify the characteristics of postural control among a population of elite adolescent-hockey players when the somatosensory system is disturbed while standing in a quasi static position barefoot and on skates. Secondly, we assessed the impact of an intervention in PR on various clinical and biomechanical variables among a population of elite adolescent hockey players suffering from MSD. Sixty seven elite adolescent hockey players, 15 to 18 years of age participated in the study. The postural control of fifty seven players was assessed in standing using two force platforms, in eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) conditions barefoot on hard surface and on foam. From that group, thirty five players were also assessed on skates, EO and EC. Then, nine players suffering from MSD were selected to participate in the intervention protocol in RP consisting in the application of six therapeutic sessions held once a week for six consecutive weeks. Center of pressure (COP) movements under the feet was calculated in the antero-posterior (AP) and medio-lateral (ML) directions. To account for the performance of the postural control system, mean COP velocity and displacements as well COP range were used. The variables retained to account for the strategies used to maintain balance in the upright position were weight baring asymmetry, concordance of the COP trajectory as well as COPc for the contribution of the ankle strategy and COPv for the contribution of the hip strategy. Finally, the impact of PR intervention was assessed on pain level, functional capacity and postural biomechanical variables. Our results show that among elite adolescent hockey players, the performance of the postural control in standing in a quasi static position is more disturbed by changes somatosensory information in ML direction while in AP, the absence of visual information as well as changes in somatosensory information significantly affect the performance. In all experimental conditions, and in both directions, we observed a remarkably high mean velocity, ranging between 18 to 22 mm/sec. As for the strategies, independent of the experimental condition, we observed total dominance of the ankle strategy in AP while in ML, the hip strategy dominated with a 25 % contribution for the ankle strategy. On skates, in ML direction, no significant changes were observed in the performance. However, in AP, we observed a significant increase in the mean COP velocity, EO and EC, and significant increase in COP range, EO only. As for the strategies, we observed the same dominance but the contribution on the ankle strategy in ML was more modest, that is less than 12 %. For players suffering from MSD, our results show that six sessions of PR significantly improved the level of pain, functional capacity and body alignment in standing. Pre intervention in ML, we observed a significantly higher contribution of the ankle strategy to the control of the COPnet and post-intervention, a return to normal values. The impact of the PR intervention on postural control performance was not significant in ML and AP. In conclusion, our results show that in the early stage, a PR intervention has a greater impact on postural control stratégies rather than performance.
Barkallah, Eya. "Conception et évaluation d'un instrument de mesure pour la détection des postures et des mouvements contraignants menant à l’apparition des troubles musculosquelettiques en milieu de travail à l'aide de réseaux de neurones." Thèse, 2016. http://constellation.uqac.ca/4127/1/Barkallah_uqac_0862N_10290.pdf.