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Journal articles on the topic 'Tropospheric halogens'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Caram, Cyril, Sophie Szopa, Anne Cozic, Slimane Bekki, Carlos A. Cuevas, and Alfonso Saiz-Lopez. "Sensitivity of tropospheric ozone to halogen chemistry in the chemistry–climate model LMDZ-INCA vNMHC." Geoscientific Model Development 16, no. 14 (2023): 4041–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4041-2023.

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Abstract. The atmospheric chemistry of halogenated species (Cl, Br, I) participates in the global chemical sink of tropospheric ozone and perturbs the oxidising capacity of the troposphere, notably by influencing the atmospheric lifetime of methane. Global chemistry–climate models are commonly used to assess the global budget of ozone and its sensitivity to emissions of its precursors, as well as to project its long-term evolution. Here, we report on the implementation of tropospheric sources and chemistry of halogens in the chemistry–climate model LMDZ-INCA (Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynami

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Sherwen, Tomás, Mat J. Evans, Lucy J. Carpenter, Johan A. Schmidt, and Loretta J. Mickley. "Halogen chemistry reduces tropospheric O<sub>3</sub> radiative forcing." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 2 (2017): 1557–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1557-2017.

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Abstract. Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a global warming gas, but the lack of a firm observational record since the preindustrial period means that estimates of its radiative forcing (RFTO3) rely on model calculations. Recent observational evidence shows that halogens are pervasive in the troposphere and need to be represented in chemistry-transport models for an accurate simulation of present-day O3. Using the GEOS-Chem model we show that tropospheric halogen chemistry is likely more active in the present day than in the preindustrial. This is due to increased oceanic iodine emissions driven by

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3

Wang, Siyuan, Johan A. Schmidt, Sunil Baidar, et al. "Active and widespread halogen chemistry in the tropical and subtropical free troposphere." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 30 (2015): 9281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1505142112.

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Halogens in the troposphere are increasingly recognized as playing an important role for atmospheric chemistry, and possibly climate. Bromine and iodine react catalytically to destroy ozone (O3), oxidize mercury, and modify oxidative capacity that is relevant for the lifetime of greenhouse gases. Most of the tropospheric O3 and methane (CH4) loss occurs at tropical latitudes. Here we report simultaneous measurements of vertical profiles of bromine oxide (BrO) and iodine oxide (IO) in the tropical and subtropical free troposphere (10°N to 40°S), and show that these halogens are responsible for

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Long, M. S., W. C. Keene, R. C. Easter, et al. "Sensitivity of tropospheric chemical composition to halogen-radical chemistry using a fully coupled size-resolved multiphase chemistry/global climate system – Part 1: Halogen distributions, aerosol composition, and sensitivity of climate-relevant gases." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 3 (2013): 6067–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-6067-2013.

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Abstract. Observations and model studies suggest a significant but highly non-linear role for halogens, primarily Cl and Br, in multiphase atmospheric processes relevant to tropospheric chemistry and composition, aerosol evolution, radiative transfer, weather, and climate. The sensitivity of global atmospheric chemistry to the production of marine aerosol and the associated activation and cycling of inorganic Cl and Br was tested using a size-resolved multiphase coupled chemistry/global climate model (National Center for Atmospheric Research's Community Atmosphere Model (CAM); v3.6.33). Simula

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Lary, D. J. "Halogens and the chemistry of the free troposphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 4, no. 5 (2004): 5367–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-4-5367-2004.

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Abstract. The role of halogens in both the marine boundary layer and the stratosphere has long been recognized, while their role in the free troposphere is often not considered in global chemical models. However, a careful examination of free-tropospheric chemistry constrained by observations using a full chemical data assimilation system shows that halogens do play a significant role in the free troposphere. In particular, the chlorine initiation of methane oxidation in the free troposphere can contribute more than 10%, and in some regions up to 50%, of the total rate of initiation. The initi

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Lary, D. J. "Halogens and the chemistry of the free troposphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 5, no. 1 (2005): 227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-227-2005.

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Abstract. The role of halogens in both the marine boundary layer and the stratosphere has long been recognized, while their role in the free troposphere is often not considered in global chemical models. However, a careful examination of free-tropospheric chemistry constrained by observations using a full chemical data assimilation system shows that halogens do play a significant role in the free troposphere. In particular, the chlorine initiation of methane oxidation in the free troposphere can contribute more than 10%, and in some regions up to 50%, of the total rate of initiation. The initi

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7

Cadoux, Anita, Susann Tegtmeier, and Alessandro Aiuppa. "Natural Halogen Emissions to the Atmosphere: Sources, Flux, and Environmental Impact." Elements 18, no. 1 (2022): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/gselements.18.1.27.

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Understanding the atmospheric geochemical cycle of both natural and anthropogenic halogens is important because of the detrimental effect halogens have on the environment, notably on tropospheric and stratospheric ozone. Oceans are the primary natural source for atmospheric Cl, F, Br, and I, but anthropogenic emissions are still important, especially for Cl. While emissions of human-made halocarbons (e.g., chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs) are expected to continue to decrease allowing progressive stratospheric ozone recovery, volcanic activity (e.g., clusters of mid-scale explosive eruptions or lar

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8

Sherwen, Tomás, Johan A. Schmidt, Mat J. Evans, et al. "Global impacts of tropospheric halogens (Cl, Br, I) on oxidants and composition in GEOS-Chem." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 18 (2016): 12239–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12239-2016.

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Abstract. We present a simulation of the global present-day composition of the troposphere which includes the chemistry of halogens (Cl, Br, I). Building on previous work within the GEOS-Chem model we include emissions of inorganic iodine from the oceans, anthropogenic and biogenic sources of halogenated gases, gas phase chemistry, and a parameterised approach to heterogeneous halogen chemistry. Consistent with Schmidt et al. (2016) we do not include sea-salt debromination. Observations of halogen radicals (BrO, IO) are sparse but the model has some skill in reproducing these. Modelled IO show

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Lehrer, E., G. Hönninger, and U. Platt. "The mechanism of halogen liberation in the polar troposphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 4, no. 3 (2004): 3607–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-4-3607-2004.

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Abstract. Sudden depletions of tropospheric ozone during spring were reported from the Arctic and also from Antarctic coastal sites. Field studies showed that those depletion events are caused by reactive halogen species, especially bromine compounds. However the source and seasonal variation of reactive halogen species is still not completely understood. There are several indications that the halogen mobilisation from the sea ice surface of the polar oceans may be the most important source for the necessary halogens. Here we present a 1-D model study aimed at determining the primary source of

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Lehrer, E., G. Hönninger, and U. Platt. "A one dimensional model study of the mechanism of halogen liberation and vertical transport in the polar troposphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, no. 11/12 (2004): 2427–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-2427-2004.

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Abstract. Sudden depletions of tropospheric ozone during spring were reported from the Arctic and also from Antarctic coastal sites. Field studies showed that those depletion events are caused by reactive halogen species, especially bromine compounds. However the source and seasonal variation of reactive halogen species is still not completely understood. There are several indications that the halogen mobilisation from the sea ice surface of the polar oceans may be the most important source for the necessary halogens. Here we present a one dimensional model study aimed at determining the prima

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Mahajan, A. S., J. M. C. Plane, H. Oetjen, et al. "Measurement and modelling of tropospheric reactive halogen species over the tropical Atlantic Ocean." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 10 (2010): 4611–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-4611-2010.

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Abstract. Although tropospheric reactive halogen chemistry is well studied in coastal and polar environments, the presence of halogens over the open ocean environment has not been widely reported. The impacts of halogens on the tropical open ocean marine boundary layer (MBL), in particular, are not well characterised. This paper describes observations of iodine monoxide (IO) and bromine oxide (BrO) over eight months in the tropical open ocean MBL, on the north-eastern side of São Vicente (Cape Verde Islands, 16.85° N, 24.87° W). The highest BrO mixing ratio observed was 5.6±1 pmol mol−1, while

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Volkamer, R., S. Baidar, T. L. Campos, et al. "Aircraft measurements of BrO, IO, glyoxal, NO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O, O<sub>2</sub>–O<sub>2</sub> and aerosol extinction profiles in the tropics: comparison with aircraft-/ship-based in situ and lidar measurements." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 8, no. 5 (2015): 2121–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2121-2015.

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Abstract. Tropospheric chemistry of halogens and organic carbon over tropical oceans modifies ozone and atmospheric aerosols, yet atmospheric models remain largely untested for lack of vertically resolved measurements of bromine monoxide (BrO), iodine monoxide (IO) and small oxygenated hydrocarbons like glyoxal (CHOCHO) in the tropical troposphere. BrO, IO, glyoxal, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), water vapor (H2O) and O2–O2 collision complexes (O4) were measured by the University of Colorado Airborne Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (CU AMAX-DOAS) instrument, aerosol extinction

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Spolaor, A., P. Vallelonga, J. Gabrieli, et al. "Seasonality of halogen deposition in polar snow and ice." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 18 (2014): 9613–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9613-2014.

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Abstract. The atmospheric chemistry of iodine and bromine in Polar regions is of interest due to the key role of halogens in many atmospheric processes, particularly tropospheric ozone destruction. Bromine is emitted from the open ocean but is enriched above first-year sea ice during springtime bromine explosion events, whereas iodine emission is attributed to biological communities in the open ocean and hosted by sea ice. It has been previously demonstrated that bromine and iodine are present in Antarctic ice over glacial–interglacial cycles. Here we investigate seasonal variability of bromin

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Schill, Gregory P., Karl D. Froyd, Daniel M. Murphy, et al. "Widespread trace bromine and iodine in remote tropospheric non-sea-salt aerosols." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 25, no. 1 (2025): 45–71. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-45-2025.

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Abstract. Reactive halogens catalytically destroy O3 and therefore affect (1) stratospheric O3 depletion and (2) the oxidative capacity of the troposphere. Reactive halogens also partition into the aerosol phase, but what governs halogen-aerosol partitioning is poorly constrained in models. In this work, we present global-scale measurements of non-sea-salt aerosol (nSSA) bromine and iodine taken during the NASA Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom). Using the Particle Analysis by Laser Mass Spectrometry instrument, we found that bromine and iodine are present in 8 %–26 % (interquartile range,

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15

Badia, Alba, Claire E. Reeves, Alex R. Baker, et al. "Importance of reactive halogens in the tropical marine atmosphere: a regional modelling study using WRF-Chem." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 5 (2019): 3161–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3161-2019.

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Abstract. This study investigates the impact of reactive halogen species (RHS, containing chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br) or iodine (I)) on atmospheric chemistry in the tropical troposphere and explores the sensitivity to uncertainties in the fluxes of RHS to the atmosphere and their chemical processing. To do this, the regional chemistry transport model WRF-Chem has been extended to include Br and I, as well as Cl chemistry for the first time, including heterogeneous recycling reactions involving sea-salt aerosol and other particles, reactions of Br and Cl with volatile organic compounds (VOCs),

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16

Iglesias-Suarez, Fernando, Alba Badia, Rafael P. Fernandez, et al. "Natural halogens buffer tropospheric ozone in a changing climate." Nature Climate Change 10, no. 2 (2020): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0675-6.

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17

Stone, Daniel, Tomás Sherwen, Mathew J. Evans, et al. "Impacts of bromine and iodine chemistry on tropospheric OH and HO<sub>2</sub>: comparing observations with box and global model perspectives." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 5 (2018): 3541–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3541-2018.

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Abstract. The chemistry of the halogen species bromine and iodine has a range of impacts on tropospheric composition, and can affect oxidising capacity in a number of ways. However, recent studies disagree on the overall sign of the impacts of halogens on the oxidising capacity of the troposphere. We present simulations of OH and HO2 radicals for comparison with observations made in the remote tropical ocean boundary layer during the Seasonal Oxidant Study at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory in 2009. We use both a constrained box model, using detailed chemistry derived from the Master Ch

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Volkamer, R., S. Baidar, T. L. Campos, et al. "Aircraft measurements of bromine monoxide, iodine monoxide, and glyoxal profiles in the tropics: comparison with ship-based and in situ measurements." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 8, no. 1 (2015): 623–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-623-2015.

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Abstract. Tropospheric chemistry of halogens and organic carbon over tropical oceans modifies ozone and atmospheric aerosols, yet atmospheric models remain largely untested for lack of vertically resolved measurements of bromine monoxide (BrO), iodine monoxide (IO), and small oxygenated hydrocarbons like glyoxal (CHOCHO) in the tropical troposphere. BrO, IO, glyoxal, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), water vapor (H2O) and O2-O2 collision complexes (O4) were measured by the CU Airborne Multi AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (CU AMAX-DOAS) instrument, in situ aerosol size distributions by

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19

Spolaor, A., P. Vallelonga, J. Gabrieli, et al. "Seasonality of halogen deposition in polar snow and ice." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 6 (2014): 8185–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-8185-2014.

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Abstract. The atmospheric chemistry of iodine and bromine in polar regions is of interest due to the key role of halogens in many atmospheric processes, particularly tropospheric ozone destruction. Bromine is emitted from the open ocean but is enriched above first-year sea ice during springtime bromine explosion events, whereas iodine is emitted from biological communities hosted by sea ice. It has been previously demonstrated that bromine and iodine are present in Antarctic ice over glacial-interglacial cycles. Here we investigate seasonal variability of bromine and iodine in polar snow and i

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20

Brockway, Nathaniel, Peter K. Peterson, Katja Bigge, et al. "Tropospheric bromine monoxide vertical profiles retrieved across the Alaskan Arctic in springtime." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 24, no. 1 (2024): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-23-2024.

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Abstract. Reactive halogen chemistry in the springtime Arctic causes ozone depletion events and alters the rate of pollution processing. There are still many uncertainties regarding this chemistry, including the multiphase recycling of halogens and how sea ice impacts the source strength of reactive bromine. Adding to these uncertainties are the impacts of a rapidly warming Arctic. We present observations from the CHACHA (CHemistry in the Arctic: Clouds, Halogens, and Aerosols) field campaign based out of Utqiaġvik, Alaska, from mid-February to mid-April of 2022 to provide information on the v

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Bednarz, Ewa M., Ryan Hossaini, N. Luke Abraham, and Martyn P. Chipperfield. "Description and evaluation of the new UM–UKCA (vn11.0) Double Extended Stratospheric–Tropospheric (DEST vn1.0) scheme for comprehensive modelling of halogen chemistry in the stratosphere." Geoscientific Model Development 16, no. 21 (2023): 6187–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6187-2023.

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Abstract. The paper describes the development and performance of the Double Extended Stratospheric–Tropospheric (DEST vn1.0) chemistry scheme, which forms a part of the Met Office's Unified Model coupled to the United Kingdom Chemistry and Aerosol (UM–UKCA) chemistry–climate model, which is the atmospheric composition model of the United Kingdom Earth System Model (UKESM). The scheme extends the standard Stratospheric–Tropospheric chemistry scheme (StratTrop) by including a range of important updates to the halogen chemistry. These allow process-oriented studies of stratospheric ozone depletio

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von Glasow, R., R. von Kuhlmann, M. G. Lawrence, U. Platt, and P. J. Crutzen. "Impact of reactive bromine chemistry in the troposphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, no. 11/12 (2004): 2481–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-2481-2004.

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Abstract. Recently several field campaigns and satellite observations have found strong indications for the presence of bromine oxide (BrO) in the free troposphere. Using a global atmospheric chemistry transport model we show that BrO mixing ratios of a few tenths to 2 pmol mol-1 lead to a reduction in the zonal mean O3 mixing ratio of up to 18% in widespread areas and regionally up to 40% compared to a model run without bromine chemistry. A lower limit approach for the marine boundary layer, that does not explicitly include the release of halogens from sea salt aerosol, shows that for dimethy

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Bleicher, S., J. C. Buxmann, R. Sander, et al. "The influence of nitrogen oxides on the activation of bromide and chloride in salt aerosol." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 7 (2014): 10135–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-10135-2014.

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Abstract. Experiments on salt aerosol with different salt contents were performed in a Teflon chamber under tropospheric light conditions with various initial contents of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2). A strong activation of halogens was found at high NOx mixing ratios, even in samples with lower bromide contents such as road salts. The ozone depletion by reactive halogen species released from the aerosol, was found to be a function of the initial NOx mixing ratio. Besides bromine, large amounts of chlorine have been released in our smog chamber. Time profiles of the halogen species Cl2, Br

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Swanson, William F., Chris D. Holmes, William R. Simpson, et al. "Comparison of model and ground observations finds snowpack and blowing snow aerosols both contribute to Arctic tropospheric reactive bromine." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 22 (2022): 14467–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14467-2022.

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Abstract. Reactive halogens play a prominent role in the atmospheric chemistry of the Arctic during springtime. Field measurements and modeling studies suggest that halogens are emitted into the atmosphere from snowpack and reactions on wind-blown snow-sourced aerosols. The relative importance of snowpack and blowing snow sources is still debated, both at local scales and regionally throughout the Arctic. To understand the implications of these halogen sources on a pan-Arctic scale, we simulate Arctic reactive bromine chemistry in the atmospheric chemical transport model GEOS-Chem. Two mechani

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Narivelo, Herizo, Paul David Hamer, Virginie Marécal, et al. "A regional modelling study of halogen chemistry within a volcanic plume of Mt Etna's Christmas 2018 eruption." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 18 (2023): 10533–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10533-2023.

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Abstract. Volcanoes are known to be important emitters of atmospheric gases and aerosols, which for certain volcanoes can include halogen gases and in particular HBr. HBr emitted in this way can undergo rapid atmospheric oxidation chemistry (known as the bromine explosion) within the volcanic emission plume, leading to the production of bromine oxide (BrO) and ozone depletion. In this work, we present the results of a modelling study of a volcanic eruption from Mt Etna that occurred around Christmas 2018 and lasted 6 d. The aims of this study are to demonstrate and evaluate the ability of the

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Long, M. S., W. C. Keene, R. C. Easter, et al. "Sensitivity of tropospheric chemical composition to halogen-radical chemistry using a fully coupled size-resolved multiphase chemistry–global climate system: halogen distributions, aerosol composition, and sensitivity of climate-relevant gases." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 7 (2014): 3397–425. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-3397-2014.

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Abstract. Observations and model calculations indicate that highly non-linear multiphase atmospheric processes involving inorganic Cl and Br significantly impact tropospheric chemistry and composition, aerosol evolution, and radiative transfer. The sensitivity of global atmospheric chemistry to the production of marine aerosol and the associated activation and cycling of inorganic Cl and Br was investigated using a size-resolved multiphase coupled chemistry–global climate model (National Center for Atmospheric Research's Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) v3.6.33). Simulated results revealed str

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Gálvez, O., M. T. Baeza-Romero, M. Sanz, and A. Saiz-Lopez. "Photolysis of frozen iodate salts as a source of active iodine in the polar environment." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 19 (2015): 27917–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-27917-2015.

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Abstract. Reactive halogens play a key role in the oxidation capacity of the polar troposphere. However, sources and mechanisms, particularly those involving active iodine, are still poorly understood. In this paper, the photolysis of an atmospherically relevant frozen iodate salt has been experimentally studied using infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The samples were generated at low temperatures in the presence of different amounts of water. The IR spectra have confirmed that under near-UV/Vis radiation iodate is efficiently photolyzed. The integrated IR absorption coefficient of the iodate anion

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Barrie, L. A., S. M. Li, D. L. Toom, S. Landsberger, and W. Sturges. "Lower tropospheric measurements of halogens, nitrates, and sulphur oxides during Polar Sunrise Experiment 1992." Journal of Geophysical Research 99, no. D12 (1994): 25453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94jd01533.

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Garib, Anisha, Qadir K. Timerghazin, and Parisa A. Ariya. "Chlorine atom initiated reactions of selected tropospheric halocarbons — Kinetic and product studies." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 84, no. 12 (2006): 1686–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v06-170.

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Halogens are suggested as important atmospheric oxidants in the marine boundary layer. The room-temperature kinetics of the chlorine-initiated reactions of three biogenic brominated hydrocarbons and four anthropogenic chlorinated ethenes was investigated by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC–FID) at a pressure of 1 atm (1 atm = 101.325 kPa) in air, using the relative rate technique. The rate constants (× 1013 cm3 molecule–1 s–1) for CH2Br2, CHBr2Cl, and CHBr3 reactions at 298 ± 2 K were found to be 4.25 ± 0.65, 2.03 ± 0.31, and 2.81 ± 0.41, respectively, using methane as a

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Aiuppa, A., A. Franco, R. von Glasow, et al. "The tropospheric processing of acidic gases and hydrogen sulphide in volcanic gas plumes as inferred from field and model investigations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 6, no. 6 (2006): 11653–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-6-11653-2006.

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Abstract. Improving the constraints on the atmospheric fate and depletion rates of acidic compounds persistently emitted by non-erupting (quiescent) volcanoes is important for quantitatively predicting the environmental impact of volcanic gas plumes. Here, we present new experimental data coupled with modelling studies to investigate the chemical processing of acidic volcanogenic species during tropospheric dispersion. Diffusive tube samplers were deployed at Mount Etna, a very active open-conduit basaltic volcano in eastern Sicily, and Vulcano Island, a closed-conduit quiescent volcano in the

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Aiuppa, A., A. Franco, R. von Glasow, et al. "The tropospheric processing of acidic gases and hydrogen sulphide in volcanic gas plumes as inferred from field and model investigations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 7, no. 5 (2007): 1441–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1441-2007.

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Abstract. Improving the constraints on the atmospheric fate and depletion rates of acidic compounds persistently emitted by non-erupting (quiescent) volcanoes is important for quantitatively predicting the environmental impact of volcanic gas plumes. Here, we present new experimental data coupled with modelling studies to investigate the chemical processing of acidic volcanogenic species during tropospheric dispersion. Diffusive tube samplers were deployed at Mount Etna, a very active open-conduit basaltic volcano in eastern Sicily, and Vulcano Island, a closed-conduit quiescent volcano in the

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Brown, Lucy V., Ryan J. Pound, Lyndsay S. Ives, Matthew R. Jones, Stephen J. Andrews, and Lucy J. Carpenter. "Negligible temperature dependence of the ozone–iodide reaction and implications for oceanic emissions of iodine." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 24, no. 7 (2024): 3905–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3905-2024.

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Abstract. The reaction between ozone and iodide is one of the main drivers of tropospheric ozone deposition to the ocean due to the ubiquitous presence of iodide in the ocean surface and its rapid reaction with ozone. Despite the importance of this sea surface reaction for tropospheric ozone deposition and also as the major source of atmospheric iodine, there is uncertainty in its rate and dependence on aqueous-phase temperature. In this work, the kinetics of the heterogeneous second-order reaction between ozone and iodide are investigated using conditions applicable to coupled ocean–atmospher

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Saiz-Lopez, A., J. F. Lamarque, D. E. Kinnison, et al. "Estimating the climate significance of halogen-driven ozone loss in the tropical marine troposphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 9 (2012): 3939–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3939-2012.

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Abstract. We have integrated observations of tropospheric ozone, very short-lived (VSL) halocarbons and reactive iodine and bromine species from a wide variety of tropical data sources with the global CAM-Chem chemistry-climate model and offline radiative transfer calculations to compute the contribution of halogen chemistry to ozone loss and associated radiative impact in the tropical marine troposphere. The inclusion of tropospheric halogen chemistry in CAM-Chem leads to an annually averaged depletion of around 10% (~2.5 Dobson units) of the tropical tropospheric ozone column, with largest e

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Fernandez, Rafael P., Antía Carmona‐Balea, Carlos A. Cuevas, et al. "Modeling the Sources and Chemistry of Polar Tropospheric Halogens (Cl, Br, and I) Using the CAM‐Chem Global Chemistry‐Climate Model." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 11, no. 7 (2019): 2259–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019ms001655.

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Martinez, M., T. Arnold, and D. Perner. "The role of bromine and chlorine chemistry for arctic ozone depletion events in Ny-Ålesund and comparison with model calculations." Annales Geophysicae 17, no. 7 (1999): 941–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-0941-4.

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Abstract. During the Arctic Tropospheric Ozone Chemistry (ARCTOC) campaigns at Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen, the role of halogens in the depletion of boundary layer ozone was investigated. In spring 1995 and 1996 up to 30 ppt bromine monoxide were found whenever ozone decreased from normal levels of about 40 ppb. Those main trace gases and others were specifically followed in the UV-VIS spectral region by differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) along light paths running between 20 and 475 m a.s.l.. The daily variation of peroxy radicals closely followed the ozone photolysis rate J(O3(O1

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Hall, Ryan, Oleg Nepotchatykh, Evguenia Nepotchatykh, and Parisa A. Ariya. "Anthropogenic Photolabile Chlorine in the Cold-Climate City of Montreal." Atmosphere 11, no. 8 (2020): 812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11080812.

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Chlorine atoms play a key role in the oxidative potential of the atmosphere and biogeochemical cycling of selected elements. This study provides a decadal analysis (2010−2019) of chloride ions in PM2.5 particles in the city of Montreal, where these are most concentrated systematically in the winter (up to 1.6 µg/m3). We also herein present the measurement of photolabile chlorine, which includes chlorine-containing compounds (e.g., Cl2, HOCl, ClNO2, ClNO3, and BrCl) that release chlorine atoms upon interaction with radiation, in urban Montreal, Canada using Cl2-RPGE (Cl2 Reactive Phase Gas Extr

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Saiz-Lopez, A., J. F. Lamarque, D. E. Kinnison, et al. "Estimating the climate significance of halogen-driven ozone loss in the tropical marine troposphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 12 (2011): 32003–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-32003-2011.

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Abstract. We have integrated observations of tropospheric ozone, very short-lived (VSL) halocarbons and reactive iodine and bromine species from a wide variety of tropical data sources with the global CAM-Chem chemistry-climate model and offline radiative transfer calculations to compute the contribution of halogen chemistry to ozone loss and associated radiative impact in the tropical marine troposphere. The inclusion of tropospheric halogen chemistry in CAM-Chem leads to an annually averaged depletion of around 10% (~2.5 Dobson units) of the tropical tropospheric ozone column, with largest e

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Yang, Xin, Anne-M. Blechschmidt, Kristof Bognar, et al. "Pan-Arctic surface ozone: modelling vs. measurements." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 24 (2020): 15937–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15937-2020.

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Abstract. Within the framework of the International Arctic Systems for Observing the Atmosphere (IASOA), we report a modelling-based study on surface ozone across the Arctic. We use surface ozone from six sites – Summit (Greenland), Pallas (Finland), Barrow (USA), Alert (Canada), Tiksi (Russia), and Villum Research Station (VRS) at Station Nord (North Greenland, Danish realm) – and ozone-sonde data from three Canadian sites: Resolute, Eureka, and Alert. Two global chemistry models – a global chemistry transport model (parallelised-Tropospheric Offline Model of Chemistry and Transport, p-TOMCAT

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Grellier, L., V. Marécal, B. Josse, et al. "Towards a representation of halogen chemistry within volcanic plumes in a chemistry transport model." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 7, no. 2 (2014): 2581–650. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-7-2581-2014.

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Abstract. Volcanoes are a known source of halogens to the atmosphere. HBr volcanic emissions lead rapidly to the formation of BrO within volcanic plumes as shown by recent work based on observations and models. BrO, having a longer residence time in the atmosphere than HBr, is expected to have a significant impact on tropospheric chemistry, at least at the local and regional scales. The objective of this paper is to prepare a framework that will allow 3-D modelling of volcanic halogen emissions in order to determine their fate within the volcanic plume and then in the atmosphere at the regiona

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Wang, Xuan, Daniel J. Jacob, William Downs, et al. "Global tropospheric halogen (Cl, Br, I) chemistry and its impact on oxidants." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 18 (2021): 13973–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13973-2021.

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Abstract. We present an updated mechanism for tropospheric halogen (Cl + Br + I) chemistry in the GEOS-Chem global atmospheric chemical transport model and apply it to investigate halogen radical cycling and implications for tropospheric oxidants. Improved representation of HOBr heterogeneous chemistry and its pH dependence in our simulation leads to less efficient recycling and mobilization of bromine radicals and enables the model to include mechanistic sea salt aerosol debromination without generating excessive BrO. The resulting global mean tropospheric BrO mixing ratio is 0.19 ppt (parts

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Koo, J. H., Y. Wang, T. P. Kurosu, et al. "Characteristics of tropospheric ozone depletion events in the Arctic spring: analysis of the ARCTAS, ARCPAC, and ARCIONS measurements and satellite BrO observations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 7 (2012): 16219–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-16219-2012.

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Abstract. Arctic ozone depletion events (ODEs) are due to catalytic ozone loss driven by halogen chemistry. The presence of ODEs is affected not only by in situ chemistry but also by transport including advection of ozone-poor air mass and vertical mixing. To better characterize the ODEs, we analyze the combined set of surface, ozonesonde, and aircraft in situ measurements of ozone and bromine compounds during the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) and the Aerosol, Radiation, and Cloud Processes affecting Arctic Climate (ARCPAC) experime

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Koo, J. H., Y. Wang, T. P. Kurosu, et al. "Characteristics of tropospheric ozone depletion events in the Arctic spring: analysis of the ARCTAS, ARCPAC, and ARCIONS measurements and satellite BrO observations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 20 (2012): 9909–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9909-2012.

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Abstract. Arctic ozone depletion events (ODEs) are caused by halogen catalyzed ozone loss. In situ chemistry, advection of ozone-poor air mass, and vertical mixing in the lower troposphere are important factors affecting ODEs. To better characterize the ODEs, we analyze the combined set of surface, ozonesonde, and aircraft in situ measurements of ozone and bromine compounds during the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS), the Aerosol, Radiation, and Cloud Processes affecting Arctic Climate (ARCPAC), and the Arctic Intensive Ozonesonde Netw

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Saiz-Lopez, A., R. P. Fernandez, C. Ordóñez, et al. "Iodine chemistry in the troposphere and its effect on ozone." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 14 (2014): 19985–20044. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-19985-2014.

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Abstract. Despite potential influence of iodine chemistry on the oxidizing capacity of the troposphere, reactive iodine distributions and their impact on tropospheric ozone remain nearly unexplored aspects of the global atmosphere. Here we present a comprehensive global modelling experiment aimed at estimating lower and upper limits of the inorganic iodine burden and its impact on tropospheric ozone. Two sets of simulations without and with the photolysis of IxOy oxides (i.e., I2O2, I2O3 and I2O4) were conducted to define the range of inorganic iodine loading, partitioning and impact in the tr

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Simpson, W. R., R. von Glasow, K. Riedel, et al. "Halogens and their role in polar boundary-layer ozone depletion." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 7, no. 2 (2007): 4285–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-7-4285-2007.

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Abstract. During springtime in the polar regions, unique photochemistry converts inert halide salts ions (e.g. Br−) into reactive halogen species (e.g. Br atoms and BrO) that deplete ozone in the boundary layer to near zero levels. Since their discovery in the late 1980s, research on ozone depletion events (ODEs) has made great advances; however many key processes remain poorly understood. In this article we review the history, chemistry, dependence on environmental conditions, and impacts of ODEs. This research has shown the central role of bromine photochemistry, but how salts are transporte

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Simpson, W. R., R. von Glasow, K. Riedel, et al. "Halogens and their role in polar boundary-layer ozone depletion." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 7, no. 16 (2007): 4375–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4375-2007.

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Abstract. During springtime in the polar regions, unique photochemistry converts inert halide salt ions (e.g. Br−) into reactive halogen species (e.g. Br atoms and BrO) that deplete ozone in the boundary layer to near zero levels. Since their discovery in the late 1980s, research on ozone depletion events (ODEs) has made great advances; however many key processes remain poorly understood. In this article we review the history, chemistry, dependence on environmental conditions, and impacts of ODEs. This research has shown the central role of bromine photochemistry, but how salts are transported

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46

Saiz-Lopez, A., R. P. Fernandez, C. Ordóñez, et al. "Iodine chemistry in the troposphere and its effect on ozone." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 23 (2014): 13119–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13119-2014.

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Abstract. Despite the potential influence of iodine chemistry on the oxidizing capacity of the troposphere, reactive iodine distributions and their impact on tropospheric ozone remain almost unexplored aspects of the global atmosphere. Here we present a comprehensive global modelling experiment aimed at estimating lower and upper limits of the inorganic iodine burden and its impact on tropospheric ozone. Two sets of simulations without and with the photolysis of IxOy oxides (i.e. I2O2, I2O3 and I2O4) were conducted to define the range of inorganic iodine loading, partitioning and impact in the

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Sofen, E. D., B. Alexander, E. J. Steig, et al. "WAIS Divide ice core suggests sustained changes in the atmospheric formation pathways of sulfate and nitrate since the 19th century in the extratropical Southern Hemisphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 9 (2013): 23089–138. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-23089-2013.

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Abstract. The triple-oxygen isotopic composition (Δ17O = δ17O-0.52 × δ18O) of sulfate and nitrate reflects the relative importance of their different production pathways in the atmosphere. A new record of sulfate and nitrate Δ17O spanning the last 2400 yr from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide ice core project shows significant changes in both sulfate and nitrate Δ17O in the most recent 200 yr, indicating changes in their formation pathways. The sulfate Δ17O record suggests that an additional 12–18% of sulfate formation occurs via aqueous-phase production by O3, relative to that in the gas-p

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Prados-Roman, C., A. Butz, T. Deutschmann, et al. "Airborne DOAS limb measurements of tropospheric trace gas profiles: case study on the profile retrieval of O<sub>4</sub> and BrO." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 3, no. 4 (2010): 3925–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-3-3925-2010.

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Abstract. A novel limb scanning mini-DOAS spectrometer for the detection of UV/vis absorbing radicals (e.g., O3, BrO, IO, HONO) was deployed on the DLR-Falcon (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt) aircraft and tested during the ASTAR 2007 campaign (Arctic Study of Tropospheric Aerosol, Clouds and Radiation) that took place at Svalbard (78° N) in spring 2007. Our main objectives during this campaign were to test the instrument, and to perform spectral and profile retrievals of tropospheric trace gases, with particular interest on investigating the distribution of halogen compounds (e.g.,

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Prados-Roman, C., A. Butz, T. Deutschmann, et al. "Airborne DOAS limb measurements of tropospheric trace gas profiles: case studies on the profile retrieval of O<sub>4</sub> and BrO." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 4, no. 6 (2011): 1241–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-4-1241-2011.

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Abstract. A novel limb scanning mini-DOAS spectrometer for the detection of UV/vis absorbing radicals (e.g., O3, BrO, IO, HONO) was deployed on the DLR-Falcon (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt) aircraft and tested during the ASTAR 2007 campaign (Arctic Study of Tropospheric Aerosol, Clouds and Radiation) that took place at Svalbard (78° N) in spring 2007. Our main objectives during this campaign were to test the instrument, and to perform spectral and profile retrievals of tropospheric trace gases, with particular interest on investigating the distribution of halogen compounds (e.g.,

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Abbatt, J. P. D., J. L. Thomas, K. Abrahamsson, et al. "Halogen activation via interactions with environmental ice and snow in the polar lower troposphere and other regions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 14 (2012): 6237–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-6237-2012.

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Abstract. The role of ice in the formation of chemically active halogens in the environment requires a full understanding because of its role in atmospheric chemistry, including controlling the regional atmospheric oxidizing capacity in specific situations. In particular, ice and snow are important for facilitating multiphase oxidative chemistry and as media upon which marine algae live. This paper reviews the nature of environmental ice substrates that participate in halogen chemistry, describes the reactions that occur on such substrates, presents the field evidence for ice-mediated halogen

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