Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tropospheric aerosols

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Tropospheric aerosols'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Tropospheric aerosols"

1

Voulgarakis, A., D. T. Shindell, and G. Faluvegi. "Linkages between ozone-depleting substances, tropospheric oxidation and aerosols." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 9 (May 14, 2013): 4907–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-4907-2013.

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Abstract. Coupling between the stratosphere and the troposphere allows changes in stratospheric ozone abundances to affect tropospheric chemistry. Large-scale effects from such changes on chemically produced tropospheric aerosols have not been systematically examined in past studies. We use a composition-climate model to investigate potential past and future impacts of changes in stratospheric ozone depleting substances (ODS) on tropospheric oxidants and sulfate aerosols. In most experiments, we find significant responses in tropospheric photolysis and oxidants, with small but significant effects on methane radiative forcing. The response of sulfate aerosols is sizeable when examining the effect of increasing future nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. We also find that without the regulation of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) through the Montreal Protocol, sulfate aerosols could have increased by 2050 by a comparable amount to the decreases predicted due to relatively stringent sulfur emissions controls. The individual historical radiative forcings of CFCs and N2O through their indirect effects on methane (−22.6 mW m−2 for CFCs and −6.7 mW m−2 for N2O) and sulfate aerosols (−3.0 mW m−2 for CFCs and +6.5 mW m−2 for N2O when considering the direct aerosol effect) discussed here are non-negligible when compared to known historical ODS forcing. Our results stress the importance of accounting for stratosphere-troposphere, gas-aerosol and composition-climate interactions when investigating the effects of changing emissions on atmospheric composition and climate.
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Voulgarakis, A., D. T. Shindell, and G. Faluvegi. "Linkages between ozone depleting substances, tropospheric oxidation and aerosols." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 9 (September 26, 2012): 25551–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-25551-2012.

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Abstract. Coupling between the stratosphere and the troposphere allows changes in stratospheric ozone abundances to affect tropospheric chemistry. Large-scale effects from such changes on chemically produced tropospheric aerosols have not been systematically examined in past studies. We use a composition-climate model to investigate potential past and future impacts of changes in stratospheric Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) on tropospheric oxidants and sulfate aerosols. In most experiments, we find significant responses in tropospheric photolysis and oxidants, with small but significant effects on methane radiative forcing. The response of sulfate aerosols is sizeable when examining the effect of increasing future nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. We also find that without the regulation of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) through the Montreal Protocol, sulfate aerosols could have increased by 2050 by a comparable amount to the decreases predicted due to relatively stringent sulfur emissions controls. The historical radiative forcing of CFCs through their indirect effects on methane (−22.6 mW m−2) and sulfate aerosols (−3.0 mW m−2) discussed here is non-negligible when compared to known historical CFC forcing. Our results stress the importance of accounting for stratosphere-troposphere, gas-aerosol and composition-climate interactions when investigating the effects of changing emissions on atmospheric composition and climate.
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Mahajan, Salil, Katherine J. Evans, John E. Truesdale, James J. Hack, and Jean-François Lamarque. "Interannual Tropospheric Aerosol Variability in the Late Twentieth Century and Its Impact on Tropical Atlantic and West African Climate by Direct and Semidirect Effects." Journal of Climate 25, no. 23 (December 1, 2012): 8031–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00029.1.

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Abstract A new high-resolution global tropospheric aerosol dataset with monthly resolution is generated using version 4 of the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM4) coupled to a bulk aerosol model and forced with recent estimates of surface emissions for the period 1961–2000 to identify tropospheric aerosol-induced interannual climate variations. The surface emissions dataset is constructed from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) decadal-resolution surface emissions dataset to include reanalysis of tropospheric chemical composition [40-yr Reanalysis of Tropospheric Chemical Composition (RETRO)] wildfire monthly emissions data. A four-member ensemble run is conducted using the spectral configuration of CAM4, forced with the new tropospheric aerosol dataset and prescribed with observed sea surface temperature, sea ice, and greenhouse gases. CAM4 only simulates the direct and semidirect effects of aerosols on the climate. The simulations reveal that variations in tropospheric aerosol levels can induce significant regional climate variability on the interannual time scales. Regression analyses over tropical Atlantic and Africa suggest that increasing dust aerosols can cool the North African landmass and shift convection southward from West Africa into the Gulf of Guinea in the spring season. Further, it is found that carbonaceous aerosols emanating from the southwestern African savannas can significantly cool the region and increase the marine stratocumulus cloud cover over the southeast tropical Atlantic Ocean by aerosol-induced diabatic heating of the free troposphere above the low clouds. Experiments conducted with CAM4 coupled to a slab ocean model suggest that present-day aerosols can cool the tropical North Atlantic and shift the intertropical convergence zone southward and can reduce the ocean mixed layer temperature beneath the increased marine stratocumulus clouds in the southeastern tropical Atlantic.
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Renard, J. B., S. N. Tripathi, M. Michael, A. Rawal, G. Berthet, M. Fullekrug, R. G. Harrison, C. Robert, M. Tagger, and B. Gaubicher. "In situ detection of electrified aerosols in the upper troposphere and stratosphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 22 (November 18, 2013): 11187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-11187-2013.

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Abstract. Electrified aerosols have been observed in the lower troposphere and in the mesosphere, but have never been detected in the stratosphere and upper troposphere. We present measurements of aerosols obtained during a balloon flight to an altitude of ~ 24 km. The measurements were performed with an improved version of the Stratospheric and Tropospheric Aerosol Counter (STAC) aerosol counter dedicated to the search for charged aerosols. It is found that most of the aerosols are charged in the upper troposphere for altitudes below 10 km and in the stratosphere for altitudes above 20 km. Conversely, the aerosols seem to be uncharged between 10 km and 20 km. Model calculations are used to quantify the electrification of the aerosols with a stratospheric aerosol-ion model. The percentages of charged aerosols obtained with model calculations are in excellent agreement with the observations below 10 km and above 20 km. However, the model cannot reproduce the absence of electrification found in the lower stratosphere, as the processes leading to neutralisation in this altitude range are unknown. The presence of sporadic transient layers of electrified aerosol in the upper troposphere and in the stratosphere could have significant implications for sprite formation.
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Zhang, Yan-Lin, Kimitaka Kawamura, Ping Qing Fu, Suresh K. R. Boreddy, Tomomi Watanabe, Shiro Hatakeyama, Akinori Takami, and Wei Wang. "Aircraft observations of water-soluble dicarboxylic acids in the aerosols over China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 10 (May 25, 2016): 6407–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6407-2016.

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Abstract. Vertical profiles of dicarboxylic acids, related organic compounds and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) tracer compounds in particle phase have not yet been simultaneously explored in East Asia, although there is growing evidence that aqueous-phase oxidation of volatile organic compounds may be responsible for the elevated organic aerosols (OA) in the troposphere. Here, we found consistently good correlation of oxalic acid, the most abundant individual organic compounds in aerosols globally, with its precursors as well as biogenic-derived SOA compounds in Chinese tropospheric aerosols by aircraft measurements. Anthropogenically derived dicarboxylic acids (i.e., C5 and C6 diacids) at high altitudes were 4–20 times higher than those from surface measurements and even occasionally dominant over oxalic acid at altitudes higher than 2 km, which is in contrast to the predominance of oxalic acid previously reported globally including the tropospheric and surface aerosols. This indicates an enhancement of tropospheric SOA formation from anthropogenic precursors. Furthermore, oxalic acid-to-sulfate ratio maximized at altitudes of ∼ 2 km, explaining aqueous-phase SOA production that was supported by good correlations with predicted liquid water content, organic carbon and biogenic SOA tracers. These results demonstrate that elevated oxalic acid and related SOA compounds from both the anthropogenic and biogenic sources may substantially contribute to tropospheric OA burden over polluted regions of China, implying aerosol-associated climate effects and intercontinental transport.
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Chimot, J., T. Vlemmix, J. P. Veefkind, J. F. de Haan, and P. F. Levelt. "Impact of aerosols on the OMI tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> retrievals over industrialized regions: how accurate is the aerosol correction of cloud-free scenes via a simple cloud model?" Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 8, no. 8 (August 10, 2015): 8385–437. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-8385-2015.

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Abstract. The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) instrument has provided daily global measurements of tropospheric NO2 for more than a decade. Numerous studies have drawn attention to the complexities related to measurements of tropospheric NO2 in the presence of aerosols. Fine particles affect the OMI spectral measurements and the length of the average light path followed by the photons. However, they are not explicitly taken into account in the current OMI tropospheric NO2 retrieval chain. Instead, the operational OMI O2-O2 cloud retrieval algorithm is applied both to cloudy scenes and to cloud free scenes with aerosols present. This paper describes in detail the complex interplay between the spectral effects of aerosols, the OMI O2-O2 cloud retrieval algorithm and the impact on the accuracy of the tropospheric NO2 retrievals through the computed Air Mass Factor (AMF) over cloud-free scenes. Collocated OMI NO2 and MODIS Aqua aerosol products are analysed over East China, in industrialized area. In addition, aerosol effects on the tropospheric NO2 AMF and the retrieval of OMI cloud parameters are simulated. Both the observation-based and the simulation-based approach demonstrate that the retrieved cloud fraction linearly increases with increasing Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT), but the magnitude of this increase depends on the aerosol properties and surface albedo. This increase is induced by the additional scattering effects of aerosols which enhance the scene brightness. The decreasing effective cloud pressure with increasing AOT represents primarily the absorbing effects of aerosols. The study cases show that the actual aerosol correction based on the implemented OMI cloud model results in biases between −20 and −40 % for the DOMINO tropospheric NO2 product in cases of high aerosol pollution (AOT ≥ 0.6) and elevated particles. On the contrary, when aerosols are relatively close to the surface or mixed with NO2, aerosol correction based on the cloud model results in overestimation of the DOMINO tropospheric NO2 product, between 10 and 20 %. These numbers are in line with comparison studies between ground-based and OMI tropospheric NO2 measurements under conditions with high aerosol pollution and elevated particles. This highlights the need to implement an improved aerosol correction in the computation of tropospheric NO2 AMFs.
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du Preez, D. Jean, Hassan Bencherif, Thierry Portafaix, Kévin Lamy, and Caradee Yael Wright. "Solar Ultraviolet Radiation in Pretoria and Its Relations to Aerosols and Tropospheric Ozone during the Biomass Burning Season." Atmosphere 12, no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12020132.

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Biomass burning has an impact on atmospheric composition as well as human health and wellbeing. In South Africa, the biomass burning season extends from July to October and affects the aerosol loading and tropospheric ozone concentrations which in turn impact solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) levels at the surface. Using ground-based observations of aerosols, tropospheric ozone and solar UVR (as well as modelled solar UVR) we investigated the impact of aerosols and tropospheric ozone on solar UVR in August, September, and October over Pretoria. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) and tropospheric ozone reached a peak between September and October each year. On clear-sky days, the average relative difference between the modelled and observed solar Ultraviolet Index (UVI) levels (a standard indicator of surface UVR) at solar noon was 7%. Using modelled UVR—which included and excluded the effects of aerosols and tropospheric ozone from biomass burning—aerosols had a larger radiative effect compared to tropospheric ozone on UVI levels during the biomass burning season. Excluding only aerosols resulted in a 10% difference between the modelled and observed UVI, while excluding only tropospheric ozone resulted in a difference of −2%. Further understanding of the radiative effect of aerosols and trace gases, particularly in regions that are affected by emissions from biomass burning, is considered important for future research.
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Rotstayn, Leon D., Emily L. Plymin, Mark A. Collier, Olivier Boucher, Jean-Louis Dufresne, Jing-Jia Luo, Knut von Salzen, et al. "Declining Aerosols in CMIP5 Projections: Effects on Atmospheric Temperature Structure and Midlatitude Jets." Journal of Climate 27, no. 18 (September 10, 2014): 6960–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00258.1.

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Abstract The effects of declining anthropogenic aerosols in representative concentration pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) are assessed in four models from phase 5 the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), with a focus on annual, zonal-mean atmospheric temperature structure and zonal winds. For each model, the effect of declining aerosols is diagnosed from the difference between a projection forced by RCP4.5 for 2006–2100 and another that has identical forcing, except that anthropogenic aerosols are fixed at early twenty-first-century levels. The response to declining aerosols is interpreted in terms of the meridional structure of aerosol radiative forcing, which peaks near 40°N and vanishes at the South Pole. Increasing greenhouse gases cause amplified warming in the tropical upper troposphere and strengthening midlatitude jets in both hemispheres. However, for declining aerosols the vertically averaged tropospheric temperature response peaks near 40°N, rather than in the tropics. This implies that for declining aerosols the tropospheric meridional temperature gradient generally increases in the Southern Hemisphere (SH), but in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) it decreases in the tropics and subtropics. Consistent with thermal wind balance, the NH jet then strengthens on its poleward side and weakens on its equatorward side, whereas the SH jet strengthens more than the NH jet. The asymmetric response of the jets is thus consistent with the meridional structure of aerosol radiative forcing and the associated tropospheric warming: in the NH the latitude of maximum warming is roughly collocated with the jet, whereas in the SH warming is strongest in the tropics and weakest at high latitudes.
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Mulena, Gabriela C., Salvador E. Puliafito, and Susan G. Lakkis. "Application of Tropospheric Sulfate Aerosol Emissions to Mitigate Meteorological Phenomena with Extremely High Daily Temperatures." Environmental and Climate Technologies 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 14–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2019-0002.

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Abstract This research examined whether tropospheric sulfate ion aerosols (SO42−) might be applied at a regional scale to mitigate meteorological phenomena with extremely high daily temperatures. The specific objectives of this work were: 1) to model the behaviour of SO42−aerosols in the troposphere and their influence on surface temperature and incident solar radiation, at a regional scale, using an appropriate online coupled mesoscale meteorology and chemistry model; 2) to determine the main engineering design parameters using tropospheric SO42−aerosols in order to artificially reduce the temperature and incoming radiation at surface during events of extremely high daily temperatures, and 3) to evaluate a preliminary technical proposal for the injection of regionally engineered tropospheric SO42−aerosols based on the integral anti-hail system of the Province of Mendoza. In order to accomplish these objectives, we used the Weather Research & Forecasting Model coupled with Chemistry (WRF/Chem) to model and evaluate the behaviour of tropospheric SO42−over the Province of Mendoza (Argentina) (PMA) on a clear sky day during a heat wave event occurred in January 2012. In addition, using WRF/Chem, we evaluated the potential reductions on surface temperature and incident shortwave radiation around the metropolitan area of Great Mendoza, PMA, based on an artificially designed aerosol layer and on observed meteorological parameters. The results demonstrated the ability of WRF/Chem to represent the behaviour of tropospheric SO42− aerosols at a regional scale and suggested that the inclusion of these aerosols in the atmosphere causes changes in the surface energy balance and, therefore, in the surface temperature and the regional atmospheric circulation. However, it became evident that, given the high rate of injection and the large amount of mass required for its practical implementation by means of the technology currently used by the anti-hail program, it is inefficient and energetically costly.
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Chimot, J., T. Vlemmix, J. P. Veefkind, J. F. de Haan, and P. F. Levelt. "Impact of aerosols on the OMI tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> retrievals over industrialized regions: how accurate is the aerosol correction of cloud-free scenes via a simple cloud model?" Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 9, no. 2 (February 5, 2016): 359–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-359-2016.

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Abstract. The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) has provided daily global measurements of tropospheric NO2 for more than a decade. Numerous studies have drawn attention to the complexities related to measurements of tropospheric NO2 in the presence of aerosols. Fine particles affect the OMI spectral measurements and the length of the average light path followed by the photons. However, they are not explicitly taken into account in the current operational OMI tropospheric NO2 retrieval chain (DOMINO – Derivation of OMI tropospheric NO2) product. Instead, the operational OMI O2 − O2 cloud retrieval algorithm is applied both to cloudy and to cloud-free scenes (i.e. clear sky) dominated by the presence of aerosols. This paper describes in detail the complex interplay between the spectral effects of aerosols in the satellite observation and the associated response of the OMI O2 − O2 cloud retrieval algorithm. Then, it evaluates the impact on the accuracy of the tropospheric NO2 retrievals through the computed Air Mass Factor (AMF) with a focus on cloud-free scenes. For that purpose, collocated OMI NO2 and MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) Aqua aerosol products are analysed over the strongly industrialized East China area. In addition, aerosol effects on the tropospheric NO2 AMF and the retrieval of OMI cloud parameters are simulated. Both the observation-based and the simulation-based approach demonstrate that the retrieved cloud fraction increases with increasing Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT), but the magnitude of this increase depends on the aerosol properties and surface albedo. This increase is induced by the additional scattering effects of aerosols which enhance the scene brightness. The decreasing effective cloud pressure with increasing AOT primarily represents the shielding effects of the O2 − O2 column located below the aerosol layers. The study cases show that the aerosol correction based on the implemented OMI cloud model results in biases between −20 and −40 % for the DOMINO tropospheric NO2 product in cases of high aerosol pollution (AOT ≥ 0.6) at elevated altitude. These biases result from a combination of the cloud model error, used in the presence of aerosols, and the limitations of the current OMI cloud Look-Up-Table (LUT). A new LUT with a higher sampling must be designed to remove the complex behaviour between these biases and AOT. In contrast, when aerosols are relatively close to the surface or mixed with NO2, aerosol correction based on the cloud model results in an overestimation of the DOMINO tropospheric NO2 column, between 10 and 20 %. These numbers are in line with comparison studies between ground-based and OMI tropospheric NO2 measurements in the presence of high aerosol pollution and particles located at higher altitudes. This highlights the need to implement an improved aerosol correction in the computation of tropospheric NO2 AMFs.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tropospheric aerosols"

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Tarbuck, Teresa Lynn. "Vibrational sum-frequency spectroscopic investigations of small tropospheric aerosol molecules at vapor/water interfaces /." view abstract or download file of text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1188876901&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2006.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 172-186). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Rawle, Christopher B., and n/a. "Coherent multiwavelength sources for tropospheric aerosol lidar." University of Otago. Department of Physics, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070427.114533.

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The monitoring and study of the earth�s atmosphere is becoming an increasingly important task given the current uncertainties in climate prediction. Areas where lidar has been used to further understanding of the atmosphere include monitoring of greenhouse gases, global warming, stratospheric ozone depletion, photochemical smog and aerosol photochemistry. However, the potentially severe long term effects of anthropogenic aerosols on earth�s biosphere are poorly understood. This project seeks to apply state of the art laser technology to develop an innovative multiwavelength lidar system capable of providing new information and new insights into the field of tropospheric aerosol lidar. Several novel tunable laser and laser-like sources have been investigated and developed for the purpose of tropospheric aerosol lidar at The National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (Niwa), Central Otago. Multiwavelength operation in the visible and near infrared portion of the spectrum has been emphasised with the sources developed collectively spanning the wavelength interval of 400-1369 nm. The laser sources investigated were the LiF:F2+ colour centre, Titanium Sapphire (Ti:sapphire) and barium nitrate Raman lasers. In addition to the laser sources, the β-barium borate optical parametric oscillator (BBO OPO) was characterised. For each of the sources, lidar relevant aspects were studied. The results recorded include conversion efficiency with respect to the pump source, linewidth and tuning characteristics, beam quality, temporal behaviour, and device reliability and ruggedness. It was found that the LiF:F2+ laser offered significantly lower threshold, broader tuning and higher output pulse energies than the Ti:sapphire laser in the 900-1000 nm region. The high optical gain of the LiF:F2+ medium facilitated cavity optical alignment and operation of the system. The high gain also resulted in temporal behaviour well suited to the existing Niwa lidar detection scheme. When using a 5 ns pump source, amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) was found to limit the laser tuning range and efficiency. The barium nitrate Raman laser was based on a simple linear cavity arrangement which resulted in a compact and robust device with no moving components. The stimulated Raman scattering process offers relatively narrow linewidth laser operation at the first and second Stokes wavelengths of 1197 nm and 1369 nm respectively. This laser offered efficient operation once the high operation threshold was reached. Second harmonic generation was used to extend the number of potential lidar transmitter lines produced. The barium nitrate Raman laser possessed high beam divergence and a maximum of three discrete transmitter wavelengths. The BBO OPO used a type I collinear signal resonant configuration. A plane-plane cavity configuration with pump reflection was found to provide simplicity of design, low threshold, highly efficient operation and output pointing stability. The BBO OPO signal wavelength could be tuned over the wavelength interval of 400-700 nm. The disadvantage of the plane cavity was high output beam divergence. However, this was successfully brought within the required limits through the use of a 40 mm long cavity in conjunction with an expanding and collimating telescope. As a result of the study, a Tunable lidar Transmitter (TLT) system based on the BBO OPO was designed and constructed at the Physics Department. The TLT was computer-controlled using custom written software and constructed in a self contained modular manner with all required mechanical, electrical and optical components. A user manual was also written to accompany the TLT. The TLT was installed at Niwa and was successfully used to gather preliminary multiwavelength lidar data. The TLT BBO OPO threshold occurred for a pump energy of 5.2 mJ (10.6 MW/cm2) and had a maximum slope efficiency of 53%. Signal efficiency varied from 24-41-35% over the intervals of 410-500-600 nm. A maximum signal energy of 21 mJ was obtained for a signal wavelength of 492 nm when using the maximum available pump energy of 42 mJ. OPO signal linewidth varied from 0.1-1-8 nm over the signal wavelength intervals of 400-600-700 nm. The associated OPO finesse varied between 370 and 100 as the signal wavelength was tuned over the wavelength interval of 400-600 nm. The temporal behaviour of the BBO OPO was a slowly varying function of pump energy and closely followed the temporal behaviour of the pump laser, making it well suited to the existing Italian lidar detection and timing scheme.
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Gao, Song. "Laboratory studies and field measurements of organic compounds in tropospheric aerosols /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8579.

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Choi, Sungyeon. "Investigation of tropospheric bro using space-based total column bro measurements." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43682.

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We derive tropospheric column BrO during the ARCTAS and ARCPAC field campaigns in spring 2008 using retrievals of total column BrO from the satellite UV nadir sensors OMI and GOME-2 using a radiative transfer model and stratospheric column BrO from a photochemical simulation. We conduct a comprehensive comparison of satellite-derived tropospheric BrO column to aircraft in-situ observations of BrO and related species. The aircraft profiles reveal that tropospheric BrO, when present during April 2008, was distributed over a broad range of altitudes rather than being confined to the planetary boundary layer (PBL). Perturbations to the total column resulting from tropospheric BrO are the same magnitude as perturbations due to longitudinal variations in the stratospheric component, so proper accounting of the stratospheric signal is essential for accurate determination of satellite-derived tropospheric BrO. We find reasonably good agreement between satellite-derived tropospheric BrO and columns found using aircraft in-situ BrO profiles, particularly when satellite radiances were obtained over bright surfaces (albedo >0.7), for solar zenith angle <80 degree and clear sky conditions. The rapid activation of BrO due to surface processes (the bromine explosion) is apparent in both the OMI and GOME-2 based tropospheric columns. The wide orbital swath of OMI allows examination of the evolution of tropospheric BrO on about hourly time intervals near the pole. Low surface pressure, strong wind, and high PBL height are associated with an observed BrO activation event, supporting the notion of bromine activation by high winds over snow. We also provide monthly climatological maps of free tropospheric BrO volume mixing ratio (VMR) derived using the so-called cloud slicing technique. In this approach, the derived slope of the total column BrO versus cloud pressure is proportional to free tropospheric BrO VMR. Estimated BrO VMR shows a minimum in the tropics and greater values at higher latitudes in both hemispheres. High tropospheric BrO VMR at high latitudes in spring could be influenced by near-surface bromine activation.
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Carpenter, Lucy J. "Measurements of peroxy radicals in clean and polluted atmospheres." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317982.

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Rinehart, Lynn Rebecca. "The origin of polar organic compounds in ambient fine particulate matter." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2005. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3210293.

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Price, Heather Umbehocker. "Photochemical processing of long range transported Eurasian pollution in the Northeast Pacific troposphere /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8645.

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Boer, Gregory Jon. "Investigation of high spectral resolution signatures and radiative forcing of tropospheric aerosol in the thermal infrared." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34001.

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An investigation of the high spectral resolution signatures and radiative forcing of tropospheric aerosol in the thermal infrared was conducted. To do so and to support advanced modeling of optical properties, a high spectral resolution library of atmospheric aerosol optical constants was developed. This library includes new optical constants of sulfate-nitrate-ammonium aqueous solutions and the collection of a broad range of existing optical constants for aerosol components, particularly mineral optical constants. The mineral optical constants were used to model and study infrared dust optical signatures as a function of composition, size, shape and mixing state. In particular, spherical and non-spherical optical models of dust particles were examined and compared to high spectral resolution laboratory extinction measurements. Then the performance of some of the most common effective medium approximations for internal mixtures was examined by modeling the optical constants of the newly determined sulfate-nitrate-ammonium mixtures. The optical signature analysis was applied to airborne and satellite high spectral resolution thermal infrared radiance data impacted by Saharan dust events. A new technique to retrieve dust microphysical properties from the dust spectral signature was developed and compared to a standard technique. The microphysics retrieved from this new technique and from a standard technique were then used to investigate the effects of dust on radiative forcing and cooling rates in the thermal IR.
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Liu, Jiumeng. "Chemical and optical properties of organic aerosols in the atmosphere over continental US: formation, partitioning, and light absorption." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50370.

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The chemical and optical properties of particulate organic compounds remain unclear, which leaves large uncertainties in the estimation of global radiative transfer balance. Gas and find particle (PM2.5) phase formic acid concentrations were measured with online instrumentation during separate one-month studies in the summer of 2010 in Los Angeles (LA), CA, and Atlanta, GA, and the gas-particle partitioning behavior was investigated and compared with that of water-soluble organic compounds (WSOC). The diurnal profiles clearly indicated that the photochemistry production serves as a strong source for the formation of organics, while the correlation between the gas and particle phase suggested that another partitioning route, the aqueous reactions, is also very important. Later, the optical properties of light-absorbing organic compounds were examined. Little is known about the optical importance of light absorbing particulate organic compounds (brown carbon), especially its extent and absorption relative to black carbon throughout the tropospheric column. Mie theory was applied to size-resolved spectrophotometric absorption measurements of methanol and water-extracts from cascade impactor substrates collected at three surface sites around Atlanta, GA, including both urban and rural. These results were applied to similar measurements of brown carbon in extracts from aircraft bulk filter samples collected over central USA. At the surface sites predicted light absorption by brown carbon relative to total absorption (brown carbon plus pure black carbon) was about 10% and 30% at 350 nm, versus 1 and 11% at 450 nm, for water and methanol extracts, respectively. The relative contribution of brown carbon was greater in the free troposphere and significantly increased with altitude. Although this approach has limitations, it demonstrates the ubiquity and significant potential contribution of brown carbon.
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Hains, Jennifer Carrie. "A chemical climatology of lower tropospheric trace gases and aerosols over the Mid-Atlantic region." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/6784.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.
Thesis research directed by: Chemistry. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Books on the topic "Tropospheric aerosols"

1

Fortmann, Martin. Zum Einfluss troposphärischer Aerosole auf das Klima der Arktis =: Influence of tropospheric aerosols on the Arctic climate. Bremerhaven: Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 2004.

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Schumacher, Rolf. Messung von optischen Eigenschaften troposphärischer Aerosols in der Arktis =: Measurements of optical properties for tropospheric aerosols in the Arctic. Bremerhaven: Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 2001.

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Piel, Claudia. Variabilität chemischer und physikalischer Parameter des Aerosols in der antarktischen Troposphäre =: Variability of chemical and physical parameters of aerosol in the Antarctic troposphere. Bremerhaven: Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 2004.

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Mieding, Birgit. Rekonstruktion tausendjähriger aerosolchemischer Eiskernzeitreihen aus Nordostgrönland: Quantifizierung zeitlicher Veränderungen in Atmosphärenzirkulation, Emission und Deposition = Reconstruction of millenial aerosol-chemical ice core records from the northeast Greenland : quantification of termporal changes in atmospheric circulation, emission and deposition. Bremerhaven: Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 2005.

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Experts Meeting on Space Observations of Tropospheric Aerosols and Complementary Measurements (1989 Hampton, Va.). Report of the Experts Meeting on Space Observations of Tropospheric Aerosols and Complementary Measurements, Hampton, Virginia, 15-18 November 1989 (IACP-2). [Paris]: International Council of Scientific Unions ; [Geneva], 1990.

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Schmidt, Anja. Modelling Tropospheric Volcanic Aerosol. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34839-6.

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Reinhold, Reiter. Fields, Currents and aerosols in the lower troposphere. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkeme, 1986.

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Reinhold, Reiter. Fields, currents and aerosols in the lower troposphere. New Delhi: Amerind Pub., 1985.

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WMO Technical Conference on the Monitoring and Assessment of Changing Composition of the Troposphere (1989 Sofia, Bulgaria). Changing composition of the troposphere: Extended abstracts of papers presented at the WMO Technical Conference on the Monitoring and Assessment of Changing Composition of the Troposphere : Sofia, 23-27 October 1989. Geneva, Switzerland: Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization, 1989.

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International, Laser Radar Conference (19th 1998 Annapolis Md ). Nineteenth International Laser Radar Conference: Abstracts of papers presented at a conference sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C. ... [et al.], and held at the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland, July 6-10, 1998. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tropospheric aerosols"

1

Heintzenberg, Jost, Frank Raes, Stephen E. Schwartz, Ingmar Ackermann, Paulo Artaxo, Timothy S. Bates, Carmen Benkovitz, et al. "Tropospheric Aerosols." In Atmospheric Chemistry in a Changing World, 125–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18984-5_4.

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Junkermann, W., C. Brühl, D. Perner, E. Eckstein, T. Trautmann, B. Früh, R. Dlugi, et al. "Actinic Radiation and Photolysis Processes in the Lower Troposphere: Effect of Clouds and Aerosols." In Tropospheric Chemistry, 413–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0399-5_17.

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Kent, G. S. "Satellite Observations of Upper Tropospheric Aerosols." In Clouds, Chemistry and Climate, 237–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61051-6_10.

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Yu, Fangqun, Zifa Wang, and Richard P. Turco. "Ion-mediated Nucleation as an Important Source of Global Tropospheric Aerosols." In Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, 938–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6475-3_185.

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Zhang, Yang, Li-Ling Chen, Gregory R. Carmichael, and Frank Dentener. "The Role of Mineral Aerosols in Tropospheric Chemistry." In Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application XI, 239–48. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5841-5_26.

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Safatov, A. S., I. S. Andreeva, G. A. Buryak, V. V. Marchenko, S. E. Ol'kin, I. K. Reznikova, V. E. Repin, A. N. Sergeev, B. D. Belan, and M. V. Panchenko. "Tropospheric Bioaerosols of Southwestern Siberia: Their Concentrations and Variability, Distributions and Long-term Dynamics." In Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, 741–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6475-3_146.

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Hoffmann, T. "Organic Aerosols: Origin, Composition and Influence on Tropospheric Processes." In Transport and Chemical Transformation in the Troposphere, 132–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56722-3_23.

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Minnikin, Andreas, Thomas Hamburger, Hans Schlager, Markus Fiebig, and Andreas Petzold. "Airborne Measurements of Tropospheric Aerosol up to 12 km over West Africa during the Monsoon Season in August 2006." In Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, 726–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6475-3_143.

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Navarro-Gonzalez, Rafael. "Production of Organic Gases and Aerosols by Electrical Activity in Titan’s Tropospheric Clouds." In Exobiology: Matter, Energy, and Information in the Origin and Evolution of Life in the Universe, 313–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5056-9_44.

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Metzig, G., and G. Poß. "Optical and Physico-Chemical Properties of Tropospheric Aerosols in the Lee of the City of Karlsruhe." In Environmental Meteorology, 23–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2939-5_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Tropospheric aerosols"

1

Riuttanen, Laura, Marja Bister, Viju John, Miikka Dal Maso, Jouni Räisänen, Gerrit de Leeuw, and Markku Kulmala. "Aerosols may increase upper tropospheric humidity." In NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS: 19th International Conference. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4803385.

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Sugimoto, Nobuo, Ichiro Matsui, Atsushi Shimizu, Tomoaki Nishizawa, Yukari Hara, and Itsushi Uno. "Lidar network observation of tropospheric aerosols." In SPIE Asia-Pacific Remote Sensing, edited by Upendra N. Singh and Kohei Mizutani. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.869900.

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Sugimoto, Nobuo, Ichiro Matsui, Atsushi Shimizu, Tomoaki Nishizawa, Yukari Hara, Chenbo Xie, Itsushi Uno, Keiya Yumimoto, Zifa Wang, and Soon-Chang Yoon. "Lidar network observations of tropospheric aerosols." In Asia-Pacific Remote Sensing, edited by Upendra N. Singh, Kazuhiro Asai, and Achuthan Jayaraman. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.806540.

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Mishchenko, Michael I., Larry D. Travis, Andrew A. Lacis, and Barbara E. Carlson. "Satellite remote sensing of nonspherical tropospheric aerosols." In Satellite Remote Sensing, edited by Richard P. Santer. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.198572.

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Hansson, H. C. "The free tropospheric aerosol, origin and properties." In The 15th international conference on nucleation and atmospheric aerosols. AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1361957.

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Deleva, Atanaska D., Lachezar A. Avramov, and Dimitar V. Stoyanov. "Laser remote sensing of tropospheric aerosols and clouds." In XVI International School on Quantum Electronics: Laser Physics and Applications. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.881769.

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Kiss, G. "Chemical characterization of water soluble organic compounds in tropospheric fine aerosol." In The 15th international conference on nucleation and atmospheric aerosols. AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1361971.

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De Tomasi, Ferdinando, Maria R. Perrone, Pier P. Pompa, and Maria L. Protopapa. "Lidar monitoring of tropospheric aerosols over the Sallentum peninsula, Italy." In International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, edited by Upendra N. Singh. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.452776.

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McKenzie, Richard. "Influences of tropospheric ozone and aerosols on satellite-derived UV." In Third International Asia-Pacific Environmental Remote Sensing Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Ocean, Environment, and Space, edited by Wei Gao, Jay R. Herman, Guangyu Shi, Kazuo Shibasaki, and James R. Slusser. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.466170.

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DeMott, Paul J. "Laboratory studies of ice nucleation by aerosol particles in upper tropospheric conditions." In The 15th international conference on nucleation and atmospheric aerosols. AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1361904.

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Reports on the topic "Tropospheric aerosols"

1

Cameron-Smith, P., J. Lamarque, P. Connell, C. Chuang, D. Rotman, and J. Taylor. Addition of Tropospheric Chemistry and Aerosols to the NCAR Community Climate System Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/881068.

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Grossman, A. S., and K. E. Grant. Effects of tropospheric aerosols on radiative flux calculations at UV and visible wavelengths. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10193320.

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Davidovits, Paul, D. R. Worsnop, J. T. Jayne, and C. E. Colb. Study of Heterogeneouse Processes Related to the Chemistry of Tropospheric Oxidants and Aerosols. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1073502.

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Mazzoleni, Claudio, Sumit Kumar, Kendra Wright, Louisa Kramer, Lynn Mazzoleni, Robert Owen, and Detlev Helmig. The Radiative Role of Free Tropospheric Aerosols and Marine Clouds over the Central North Atlantic. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1165149.

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Kukla, George. Final report. [Impact of tropospheric aerosols on the past surface radiation income: Calibration with ARM site data]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/810686.

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SCHWARTZ, S. E., and P. LUNN. TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL PROGRAM, PROGRAM PLAN, MARCH 2001. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/780683.

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Rosen, James M. Aerosol Optical Properties of the Free Troposphere. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada265795.

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Worsnop, Douglas R. Atmospheric pressure flow reactor / aerosol mass spectrometer studies of tropospheric aerosol nucleat and growth kinetics. Final report, June, 2001. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/809421.

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Garrett, Bruce C., Roberto Bianco, Liem X. Dang, David A. Dixon, Michel Dupuis, Joseph Francisco, Bradley Gertner, et al. A Computational Approach to Understanding Oxidant Chemistry and Aerosol Formation in the Troposphere. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15010141.

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Francisco, Joseph S., Shawn M. Kathmann, Gregory K. Schenter, Liem X. Dang, Sotiris S. Xantheas, Bruce C. Garrett, Shiyu Du, et al. A Computational Approach to Understanding Aerosol Formation and Oxidant Chemistry in the Troposphere. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/881691.

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