Journal articles: 'Tropical trees'

1

Hall, John B. "Tropical trees." Forest Ecology and Management 82, no. 1-3 (April 1996): 252–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(95)03686-5.

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Stevens, Peter F. "Naming tropical trees." Trends in Plant Science 2, no. 4 (April 1997): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1360-1385(97)80986-7.

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de Sloover, J. R., and M. Fagnant. "Buttresses of tropical forest trees and spatial competition." Phytocoenologia 24, no. 1-4 (April 8, 1994): 573–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/phyto/24/1994/573.

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4

Gasson, Peter, Pieter Baas, and Roland E. Vetter. "Growth Rings in Tropical Trees." Kew Bulletin 45, no. 4 (1990): 738. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4113891.

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5

Mariaux, Alain. "Growth Periodicity in Tropical Trees." IAWA Journal 16, no. 4 (1995): 327–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90001422.

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Gasson, Peter, Dieter Eckstein, Ute Sass, and Pieter Baas. "Growth Periodicity in Tropical Trees." Kew Bulletin 52, no. 3 (1997): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4110313.

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7

van der Werff, Henk, B. P. M. Hyland, T. Whiffin, and D. C. Christophel. "Australian Tropical Rain Forest Trees." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 81, no. 4 (1994): 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2399926.

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8

Sugden, Andrew M. "Thermal sensitivity of tropical trees." Science 368, no. 6493 (May 21, 2020): 840.1–840. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.368.6493.840-a.

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9

Sugden, A. M. "Size distributions of tropical trees." Science 351, no. 6269 (January 7, 2016): 134–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.351.6269.134-g.

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10

ALEXANDER, I. J., and P. HOGBERG. "ECTOMYCORRHIZAS OF TROPICAL ANGIOSPERMOUS TREES." New Phytologist 102, no. 4 (April 1986): 541–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1986.tb00830.x.

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11

Caminata, Alessio, Noah Giansiracusa, Han-Bom Moon, and Luca Schaffler. "Point configurations, phylogenetic trees, and dissimilarity vectors." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 12 (March 15, 2021): e2021244118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021244118.

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In 2004, Pachter and Speyer introduced the higher dissimilarity maps for phylogenetic trees and asked two important questions about their relation to the tropical Grassmannian. Multiple authors, using independent methods, answered affirmatively the first of these questions, showing that dissimilarity vectors lie on the tropical Grassmannian, but the second question, whether the set of dissimilarity vectors forms a tropical subvariety, remained opened. We resolve this question by showing that the tropical balancing condition fails. However, by replacing the definition of the dissimilarity map with a weighted variant, we show that weighted dissimilarity vectors form a tropical subvariety of the tropical Grassmannian in exactly the way that Pachter and Speyer envisioned. Moreover, we provide a geometric interpretation in terms of configurations of points on rational normal curves and construct a finite tropical basis that yields an explicit characterization of weighted dissimilarity vectors.

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12

Gavinlertvatana, P. "COMMERCIAL MICROPROPAGATION OF TROPICAL FRUIT TREES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 321 (October 1992): 574–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1992.321.66.

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13

Rivas-Alonso, Edith, Cristina Martínez-Garza, Marinés de la Peña-Domene, and Moisés Méndez-Toribio. "Large trees in restored tropical rainforest." Forest Ecology and Management 498 (October 2021): 119563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119563.

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14

Feeley, Kenneth J., S. Joseph Wright, M. N. Nur Supardi, Abd Rahman Kassim, and Stuart J. Davies. "Decelerating growth in tropical forest trees." Ecology Letters 10, no. 6 (June 2007): 461–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01033.x.

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15

Chase, M. R., C. Moller, R. Kesseli, and K. S. Bawa. "Distant gene flow in tropical trees." Nature 383, no. 6599 (October 1996): 398–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/383398a0.

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16

Cannell, M. G. R. "Food Crop Potential of Tropical Trees." Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 3 (July 1989): 313–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700014836.

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SUMMARYTrees are important sources of food in both the humid and semi-arid tropics. Some species have been exploited for centuries and are widely distributed around the world, others have been cultivated only in limited areas, while most are still essentially wild. The potential for rapid genetic improvement by clonal selection is enormous and well-proven by the recent history of some species. Trees can yield as much food per hectare as most C3 annual crops – although special problems may have to be overcome to ensure regular bearing of fruit and nut trees. Trees also offer great ecological and social benefits.

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Bâ, Amadou M., Robin Duponnois, Bernard Moyersoen, and Abdala G. Diédhiou. "Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis of tropical African trees." Mycorrhiza 22, no. 1 (October 12, 2011): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00572-011-0415-x.

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18

Thomas, R. Q., J. R. Kellner, D. B. Clark, and D. R. Peart. "Low mortality in tall tropical trees." Ecology 94, no. 4 (April 2013): 920–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/12-0939.1.

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19

Popham, F. H. "Dambulla A Sanctuary of Tropical Trees." Arboricultural Journal 18, no. 1 (February 1994): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071375.1994.9746999.

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20

Song, Xiao Ping, Daniel Richards, Peter Edwards, and Puay Yok Tan. "Benefits of trees in tropical cities." Science 356, no. 6344 (June 22, 2017): 1241.1–1241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aan6642.

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21

Condit, R. "Beta-Diversity in Tropical Forest Trees." Science 295, no. 5555 (January 25, 2002): 666–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1066854.

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22

Page, Robert, Ruriko Yoshida, and Leon Zhang. "Tropical principal component analysis on the space of phylogenetic trees." Bioinformatics 36, no. 17 (June 9, 2020): 4590–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa564.

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Abstract Motivation Due to new technology for efficiently generating genome data, machine learning methods are urgently needed to analyze large sets of gene trees over the space of phylogenetic trees. However, the space of phylogenetic trees is not Euclidean, so ordinary machine learning methods cannot be directly applied. In 2019, Yoshida et al. introduced the notion of tropical principal component analysis (PCA), a statistical method for visualization and dimensionality reduction using a tropical polytope with a fixed number of vertices that minimizes the sum of tropical distances between each data point and its tropical projection. However, their work focused on the tropical projective space rather than the space of phylogenetic trees. We focus here on tropical PCA for dimension reduction and visualization over the space of phylogenetic trees. Results Our main results are 2-fold: (i) theoretical interpretations of the tropical principal components over the space of phylogenetic trees, namely, the existence of a tropical cell decomposition into regions of fixed tree topology; and (ii) the development of a stochastic optimization method to estimate tropical PCs over the space of phylogenetic trees using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach. This method performs well with simulation studies, and it is applied to three empirical datasets: Apicomplexa and African coelacanth genomes as well as sequences of hemagglutinin for influenza from New York. Availability and implementation Dataset: http://polytopes.net/Data.tar.gz. Code: http://polytopes.net/tropica_MCMC_codes.tar.gz. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

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23

SUZUKI, Eizi. "Diversity of Tropical Rainforest Trees in Kalimantan." Tropics 9, no. 1 (1999): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3759/tropics.9.5.

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24

Avendaño-Yáñez, Ma de la Luz, Salome Quiroz-Martínez, Sergio Pérez-Elizalde, and Silvia López-Ortiz. "Litterfall from tropical dry forest trees scattered in pastures." Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente 26, no. 3 (August 30, 2020): 409–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2019.12.092.

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25

Feldpausch, T. R., L. Banin, O. L. Phillips, T. R. Baker, S. L. Lewis, C. A. Quesada, K. Affum-Baffoe, et al. "Height-diameter allometry of tropical forest trees." Biogeosciences Discussions 7, no. 5 (October 25, 2010): 7727–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-7-7727-2010.

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Abstract. Tropical tree height-diameter (H:D) relationships may vary by forest type and region making large-scale estimates of above-ground biomass subject to bias if they ignore these differences in stem allometry. We have therefore developed a new global tropical forest database consisting of 39 955 concurrent H and D measurements encompassing 283 sites in 22 tropical countries. Utilising this database, our objectives were: 1. to determine if H:D relationships differ by geographic region and forest type (wet to dry forests, including zones of tension where forest and savanna overlap). 2. to ascertain if the H:D relationship is modulated by climate and/or forest structural characteristics (e.g. stand-level basal area, A). 3. to develop H:D allometric equations and evaluate biases to reduce error in future local-to-global estimates of tropical forest biomass. Annual precipitation coefficient of variation (PV), dry season length (SD), and mean annual air temperature (TA) emerged as key drivers of variation in H:D relationships at the pantropical and region scales. Vegetation structure also played a role with trees in forests of a high A being, on average, taller at any given D. After the effects of environment and forest structure are taken into account, two main regional groups can be identified. Forests in Asia, Africa and the Guyana Shield all have, on average, similar H:D relationships, but with trees in the forests of much of the Amazon Basin and tropical Australia typically being shorter at any given D than their counterparts elsewhere. The region-environment-structure model with the lowest Akaike's information criterion and lowest deviation estimated stand-level H across all plots to within a median –2.7 to 0.9% of the true value. Some of the plot-to-plot variability in H:D relationships not accounted for by this model could be attributed to variations in soil physical conditions. Other things being equal, trees tend to be more slender in the absence of soil physical constraints, especially at smaller D. Pantropical and continental-level models provided only poor estimates of H, especially when the roles of climate and stand structure in modulating H:D allometry were not simultaneously taken into account.

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26

Feldpausch, T. R., L. Banin, O. L. Phillips, T. R. Baker, S. L. Lewis, C. A. Quesada, K. Affum-Baffoe, et al. "Height-diameter allometry of tropical forest trees." Biogeosciences 8, no. 5 (May 5, 2011): 1081–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-1081-2011.

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Abstract. Tropical tree height-diameter (H:D) relationships may vary by forest type and region making large-scale estimates of above-ground biomass subject to bias if they ignore these differences in stem allometry. We have therefore developed a new global tropical forest database consisting of 39 955 concurrent H and D measurements encompassing 283 sites in 22 tropical countries. Utilising this database, our objectives were: 1. to determine if H:D relationships differ by geographic region and forest type (wet to dry forests, including zones of tension where forest and savanna overlap). 2. to ascertain if the H:D relationship is modulated by climate and/or forest structural characteristics (e.g. stand-level basal area, A). 3. to develop H:D allometric equations and evaluate biases to reduce error in future local-to-global estimates of tropical forest biomass. Annual precipitation coefficient of variation (PV), dry season length (SD), and mean annual air temperature (TA) emerged as key drivers of variation in H:D relationships at the pantropical and region scales. Vegetation structure also played a role with trees in forests of a high A being, on average, taller at any given D. After the effects of environment and forest structure are taken into account, two main regional groups can be identified. Forests in Asia, Africa and the Guyana Shield all have, on average, similar H:D relationships, but with trees in the forests of much of the Amazon Basin and tropical Australia typically being shorter at any given D than their counterparts elsewhere. The region-environment-structure model with the lowest Akaike's information criterion and lowest deviation estimated stand-level H across all plots to within amedian −2.7 to 0.9% of the true value. Some of the plot-to-plot variability in H:D relationships not accounted for by this model could be attributed to variations in soil physical conditions. Other things being equal, trees tend to be more slender in the absence of soil physical constraints, especially at smaller D. Pantropical and continental-level models provided less robust estimates of H, especially when the roles of climate and stand structure in modulating H:D allometry were not simultaneously taken into account.

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27

Verheij, E. W. M. "TOWARDS A CLASSIFICATION OF TROPICAL FRUIT TREES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 175 (March 1986): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1986.175.20.

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28

Snow, Neil, B. P. M. Hyland, T. Whiffin, D. C. Christophel, B. Gray, R. W. Elick, and A. J. Ford. "Australian Tropical Rain Forest Trees and Shrubs." Systematic Botany 24, no. 3 (July 1999): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2419704.

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29

Dayanandan, S., Kamaljit S. Bawa, and Rick Kesseli. "Conservation of microsatellites among tropical trees (Leguminosae)." American Journal of Botany 84, no. 12 (December 1997): 1658–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2446463.

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30

Chapman, Colin A., Lauren J. Chapman, Richard Wangham, Kevin Hunt, Daniel Gebo, and Leah Gardner. "Estimators of Fruit Abundance of Tropical Trees." Biotropica 24, no. 4 (December 1992): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2389015.

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31

Castro, Yolanda, Ned Fetcher, and Denny S. Fernandez. "Chronic photoinhibition in seedlings of tropical trees." Physiologia Plantarum 94, no. 4 (August 1995): 560–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1995.tb00968.x.

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32

Droissart, Vincent, Gilles Dauby, Olivier J. Hardy, Vincent Deblauwe, David J. Harris, Steven Janssens, Barbara A. Mackinder, et al. "Beyond trees: Biogeographical regionalization of tropical Africa." Journal of Biogeography 45, no. 5 (February 28, 2018): 1153–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13190.

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33

YUNUS, MOHD, DURDANA YUNUS, and MUHAMMAD IQBAL. "Systematic bark morphology of some tropical trees." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 103, no. 4 (August 1990): 367–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1990.tb00196.x.

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34

Castro, Yolanda, Ned Fetcher, and Denny S. Fernandez. "Chronic photoinhibition in seedlings of tropical trees." Physiologia Plantarum 94, no. 4 (August 1995): 560–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1995.940404.x.

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35

Rogers, Haldre S., and Evan C. Fricke. "Maternal microbes complicate coexistence for tropical trees." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 15 (April 1, 2019): 7166–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1902736116.

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36

King, David A. "Allometry and life history of tropical trees." Journal of Tropical Ecology 12, no. 1 (January 1996): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400009299.

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ABSTRACTThe scaling of crown size and trunk diameter with tree height (allometry) was determined for 14 common species of the tropical wet lowland forest at La Selva, Costa Rica. The study showed that allometric differences between species are related to adult size, regeneration niche (gap vs. non-gap) and longevity, as follows: (1) adults of understorey species are larger crowned than similar statured (6–15 m) saplings of canopy trees; (2) species commonly found in gaps as saplings are somewhat larger crowned than shade-tolerant species over the 1–6 m height range; and (3) long-lived canopy species show greater increases in crown breadth with increasing height thandoshort-livedspecies.Trunkallometryisrelated to mechanical requirements for support, including the need to withstand greater wind forces in the upper canopy. The common canopy species, Pentaclethra macroloba, which comprises 40% of the basal area at La Selva, is particularly wide-crowned and thick-trunked at its maximum height. On the other hand, the comparatively narrower crowns and trunks of the other canopy species allow them to reach a given height with less biomass. These differences in allometry may influence tree density and forest structure at La Selva.

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37

Wright, S. Joseph, and Carel P. van Schaik. "Light and the Phenology of Tropical Trees." American Naturalist 143, no. 1 (January 1994): 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/285600.

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38

Martı́nez-Ramos, Miguel, and Elena R. Alvarez-Buylla. "How old are tropical rain forest trees?" Trends in Plant Science 3, no. 10 (October 1998): 400–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1360-1385(98)01313-2.

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39

Briceño, G. E. Monforte, C. A. Sandoval Castro, C. M. Capetillo Leal, and L. Ramírez Avilés. "Tropical forage trees with potential defaunating capacity." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2005 (2005): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200011315.

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Rumen protozoa population is reduced when ruminant are feed with foliage from some tropical trees an effect attributed to both saponins (Diazet al., 1992) and tannins (Odenyoet al., 1997a). As PEG binds to tannins, it has been used to reduce its deleterious effect in animals feed tanniferous trees (Makkaret al., 1998). In a companion summary (Monforteet al., 2005) we showed that using PEG the defaunating capacity of a tanniferous tree is reduced. The objective of the present study was to assess if adding PEG to a protozoa culture will help to separate the tannin and saponin effect upon the protozoa population.

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40

Kim, Mincheol, Dharmesh Singh, Ang Lai-Hoe, Rusea Go, Raha Abdul Rahim, Ainuddin A.N., Jongsik Chun, and Jonathan M. Adams. "Distinctive Phyllosphere Bacterial Communities in Tropical Trees." Microbial Ecology 63, no. 3 (October 12, 2011): 674–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-011-9953-1.

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41

Borchert, Rolf, Kevin Robertson, Mark D. Schwartz, and Guadalupe Williams-Linera. "Phenology of temperate trees in tropical climates." International Journal of Biometeorology 50, no. 1 (April 6, 2005): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00484-005-0261-7.

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42

Dick, Christopher W. "Phylogeography and Population Structure of Tropical Trees." Tropical Plant Biology 3, no. 1 (March 2010): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12042-009-9039-0.

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43

Liu, Jun-Yan, Zheng Zheng, Xiao Xu, Tingfa Dong, and Si-Chong Chen. "Abundance and distribution of cavity trees and the effect of topography on cavity presence in a tropical rainforest, southwestern China." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 48, no. 9 (September 2018): 1058–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2018-0044.

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Cavity trees play a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity in forest ecosystems as they host numerous birds, mammals, and other cavity-dependent organisms. However, studies on the abundance and distribution of cavity trees in tropical forests are much less common than those in temperate forests. Also, how tree characteristics and topographic variables affect cavity presence is less clear in tropical forests. We surveyed 27 745 living trees from 386 species using ground-based observations in a tropical rainforest in southwestern China. The density of cavity trees was 86.3 trees·ha–1, which dramatically exceeded that in temperate forests. The number of cavity trees showed a left-skewed distribution with a peak at 10–20 cm diameter at breast height (DBH). The probability of cavity presence in a tree increased with DBH, although the patterns varied across species and crown positions. Moreover, cavity presence, which is influenced by topography in this tropical forest, decreased from valleys (concave terrain and low elevation) to ridges (convex terrain and high elevation). The results prove for the first time that topography is a good predictor of cavity presence, in addition to tree DBH. Our results demonstrate that the patterns determined for cavity presence in tropical forests of other regions also apply to Asian tropical forests. This study provides guidance on predicting the occurrence of cavity trees in the tropics.

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Swenson, Nathan G. "The Functional Ecology and Diversity of Tropical Tree Assemblages through Space and Time: From Local to Regional and from Traits to Transcriptomes." ISRN Forestry 2012 (December 13, 2012): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/743617.

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Tropical tree biodiversity motivates an extremely large amount of research and some of the most passionate debates in ecology and evolution. Research into tropical tree biodiversity generally has been very biased towards one axis of biodiversity-species diversity. Less work has focused on the functional diversity of tropical trees and I argue that this has greatly limited our ability to not only understand the species diversity in tropical tree assemblages, but their distributions through space and time. Increasingly plant ecologists have turned to measuring plant functional traits to estimate functional diversity and to uncover the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms underlying the distribution and dynamics of tropical trees. Here I review much of the recent work on functional traits in tropical tree community ecology. I will highlight what I believe are the most important findings and which research directions are not likely to progress in the future. I also argue that functionally based investigations of tropical trees are likely to be revolutionized in the coming years through the incorporation of functional genomic approaches. The paper ends with a discussion of three major research areas or areas in need of focus that could lead to rapid advances in functionally based investigations of tropical trees.

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Wan Azulkefeli, Wan Adhwa Ezzdihar Sharfa, Osman Mohd Tahir, Emran@Zahrin Mohamad Taram, and Faiza Darkhani. "Reviewing Tree Risk Inventory Model for Tropical Urban Trees by Malaysian Experts." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 7, no. 19 (March 31, 2022): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i19.3264.

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The study aims to develop a new framework of tree assessment that is suitable for Malaysia’s tropical urban trees. A focus group discussion (FGD) method was conducted with Malaysian experts regarding the criteria needed to assess a tree's condition starting from the juvenile stage. Found that 92% of the participants agree with the preliminary framework presented. Additional components were added to the preliminary framework based on the data collected. The study could increase the relevant organizations' knowledge of managing urban trees and decrease the deterioration and decline of urban trees in Malaysia. Keywords: hazardous trees; tree monitoring; urban forestry, tree assessment eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i19.3264

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46

Feyera, Senbeta, Erwin Beck, and Ulrich Lüttge. "Exotic trees as nurse-trees for the regeneration of natural tropical forests." Trees 16, no. 4 (February 13, 2002): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00468-002-0161-y.

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47

Kjelgren, Roger, Yongyut Trisurat, Ladawan Puangchit, Nestor Baguinon, and Puay Tan Yok. "Tropical Street Trees and Climate Uncertainty in Southeast Asia." HortScience 46, no. 2 (February 2011): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.46.2.167.

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Urban trees are a critical quality of life element in rapidly growing cities in tropical climates. Tropical trees are found in a wide variety of habitats governed largely by the presence and duration of monsoonal dry periods. Tropical cities can serve as a proxy for climate change impacts of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2), urban heat island, and drought-prone root zones on successful urban trees. Understanding the native habitats of species successful as tropical urban trees can yield insights into the potential climate impact on those habitats. Species from equatorial and montane wet forests where drought stress is not a limiting factor are not used as urban trees in cities with monsoonal dry climates such as Bangkok and Bangalore. Absence of trees from a wet habitat in tropical cities in monsoonal climates is consistent with model and empirical studies suggesting wet evergreen species are vulnerable to projected climates changes such as lower rainfall and increased temperatures. However, monsoonal dry forest species appear to have wider environmental tolerances and are successful urban trees in cities with equatorial wet climates such as Singapore as well as cities with monsoonal climates such as Bangkok and Bangalore. In cities with monsoonal dry climates, deciduous tree species are more common than dry evergreen species. Although dry deciduous species generally have better floral displays, their prevalence may in part be the result of greater tolerance of urban heat islands and drought in cities; this would be consistent with modeled habitat gains at the expense of dry evergreen species in native forest stands under projected higher temperatures from climate change. Ecological models may also point to selection of more heat- and drought-tolerant species for tropical cities under projected climate change.

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48

Taylor, Benton N., Robin L. Chazdon, Benedicte Bachelot, and Duncan N. L. Menge. "Nitrogen-fixing trees inhibit growth of regenerating Costa Rican rainforests." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 33 (July 31, 2017): 8817–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1707094114.

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More than half of the world’s tropical forests are currently recovering from human land use, and this regenerating biomass now represents the largest carbon (C)-capturing potential on Earth. How quickly these forests regenerate is now a central concern for both conservation and global climate-modeling efforts. Symbiotic nitrogen-fixing trees are thought to provide much of the nitrogen (N) required to fuel tropical secondary regrowth and therefore to drive the rate of forest regeneration, yet we have a poor understanding of how these N fixers influence the trees around them. Do they promote forest growth, as expected if the new N they fix facilitates neighboring trees? Or do they suppress growth, as expected if competitive inhibition of their neighbors is strong? Using 17 consecutive years of data from tropical rainforest plots in Costa Rica that range from 10 y since abandonment to old-growth forest, we assessed how N fixers influenced the growth of forest stands and the demographic rates of neighboring trees. Surprisingly, we found no evidence that N fixers facilitate biomass regeneration in these forests. At the hectare scale, plots with more N-fixing trees grew slower. At the individual scale, N fixers inhibited their neighbors even more strongly than did nonfixing trees. These results provide strong evidence that N-fixing trees do not always serve the facilitative role to neighboring trees during tropical forest regeneration that is expected given their N inputs into these systems.

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De Mil, Tom, Yegor Tarelkin, Stephan Hahn, Wannes Hubau, Victor Deklerck, Olivier Debeir, Joris Van Acker, Charles de Cannière, Hans Beeckman, and Jan Van den Bulcke. "Wood Density Profiles and Their Corresponding Tissue Fractions in Tropical Angiosperm Trees." Forests 9, no. 12 (December 7, 2018): 763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9120763.

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Wood density profiles reveal a tree’s life strategy and growth. Density profiles are, however, rarely defined in terms of tissue fractions for wood of tropical angiosperm trees. Here, we aim at linking these fractions to corresponding density profiles of tropical trees from the Congo Basin. Cores of 8 tree species were scanned with X-ray Computed Tomography to calculate density profiles. Then, cores were sanded and the outermost 3 cm were used to semi-automatically measure vessel lumen, parenchyma and fibre fractions using the Weka segmentation tool in ImageJ. Fibre wall and lumen widths were measured using a newly developed semi-automated method. An assessment of density variation in function of growth ring boundary detection is done. A mixed regression model estimated the relative contribution of each trait to the density, with a species effect on slope and intercept of the regression. Position-dependent correlations were made between the fractions and the corresponding wood density profile. On average, density profile variation mostly reflects variations in fibre lumen and wall fractions, but these are species- and position-dependent: on some positions, parenchyma and vessels have a more pronounced effect on density. The model linking density to traits explains 92% of the variation, with 65% of the density profile variation attributed to the three measured traits. The remaining 27% is explained by species as a random effect. There is a clear variation between trees and within trees that have implications for interpreting density profiles in angiosperm trees: the exact driving anatomical fraction behind every density value will depend on the position within the core. The underlying function of density will thus vary accordingly.

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Suryanarayanan, T. S., T. S. Murali, and G. Venkatesan. "Occurrence and distribution of fungal endophytes in tropical forests across a rainfall gradient." Canadian Journal of Botany 80, no. 8 (August 1, 2002): 818–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b02-069.

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Fungal endophytes occur in leaves of angiosperm and gymnosperm trees. The occurrence and distribution of fungal endophytes in the leaves of trees growing in four different types of tropical forests in the Western Ghats were studied. One thousand five hundred leaf segments from five different hosts were screened for each forest type. Endophyte communities of trees of the semi-evergreen forest showed the highest species diversity. More endophyte isolates were recovered during the wet season. Although several genera of endophytes were common for different hosts growing in different forests, the dominant endophyte was different for different forest types. Our results suggest that although tropical trees individually may be endophyte rich, the overall endophyte diversity of the entire plant community is not exceptional.Key words: tropical forests, fungal endophytes, fungal diversity, foliar endophytes.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Tropical trees'

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