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1
Manokaran, N. "Population dynamics of tropical forest trees." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 1988. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=59678.
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Paine, C. E. Timothy. "Ecological factors affecting the diversity of tropical tree seedlings /." View online, 2007. http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-06272007-084024/unrestricted/CETP_diss_2007_06_21.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-106). Also available via the World Wide Web: http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-06272007-084024/unrestricted/CETP_diss_2007_06_21.pdf
3
Smyth, Susannah. "The role of trees in tropical agroforestry." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308355.
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Ramos-Prado, J. M. "Ecophysiological studies on four species of tropical trees." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14245.
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Turner, I. M. "The response of tree species to canopy gaps in a tropical forest." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235070.
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R, Villalba, Jose A. Boninsegna, and Richard L. Holmes. "Cedrela Angustifolia and Juglans Australis: Two New Tropical Species Useful in Dendrochronology." Tree-Ring Society, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/261332.
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Dendrochronological problems in dating tropical tree species are responsible for a large gap in global dendroclimatic reconstructions. Study of Cedrela and Juglans in the low-latitude forests of northern Argentina and Bolivia has resulted in development of four chronologies. These genera have good tree-ring characteristics, and statistics indicate that they have good potential for dendroclimatology. Longer series should be obtained from older stands.
7
Pushpakumara, D. K. N. G. "The reproductive biology of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339053.
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Ellis, Alexander 1972. "Global change and tropical forests : functional groups and responses of tropical trees to elevated CO." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27312.
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The paradox of tropical forests is that they are simultaneously the most diverse, the least understood, and the most imperiled terrestrial ecosystem in the world. Dramatic increases in the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO$ sb2$) concentration threaten to adversely affect fundamental climatic and ecosystem processes, gradually changing many things which we do not yet understand. Although the impacts of this rise have been studied in temperate areas, little research has investigated tree responses in the tropics, especially under natural frost conditions. This thesis examines three central issues in tropical ecophysiology and global change. First, it investigates the feasibility of in-situ measurements of several physiological traits under heterogeneous environmental conditions in a Panamanian rainforest. Second, it studies whether physiological traits differ among species and which traits are most consistent with ecological niche. Finally, it explores how variable species are in response to elevated CO$ sb2$. If ecologically-defined functional groups were to remain physiologically similar under increased CO$ sb2$, they could be used in accurately representing the variation at the species level in a global change model of system-level responses. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Nakai, Wataru. "Examination of stable oxygen isotope as a tree ring proxy of tropical ring-less trees." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242922.
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Metcalf, Daniel James. "Seed size, litter and regeneration in tropical rain forest trees." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336743.
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Nyamai, D. O. "Crop production in an intercropping system with tropical leguminous trees." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382474.
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Ogata, Yoshiyuki. "STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF PERIODIC XYLEM GROWTH IN SELECTED TROPICAL TREES." Kyoto University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150363.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第9240号
農博第1219号
新制||農||836(附属図書館)
学位論文||H14||N3609(農学部図書室)
UT51-2002-B747
京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻
(主査)教授 藤田 稔, 教授 野渕 正, 教授 伊東 隆夫
学位規則第4条第1項該当
13
Ellis, Alexander. "Global change and tropical forests, functional groups and responses of tropical trees to elevated CO¦2." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0004/MQ29687.pdf.
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Azim, Amir Affan Abdul. "Growth ring formation of selected tropical rainforest trees in Peninsular Malaysia." Master's thesis, Kyoto University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/188776.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第18338号
農博第2063号
新制||農||1023(附属図書館)
学位論文||H26||N4845(農学部図書室)
31196
京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻
(主査)教授 大澤 晃, 教授 髙部 圭司, 教授 北山 兼弘
学位規則第4条第1項該当
15
Samejima, Hiromitsu. "Interaction between migratory pollinator and forest trees in aseasonal tropical region." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/144427.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(理学)
甲第11930号
理博第2952号
新制||理||1442(附属図書館)
23719
UT51-2006-B109
京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻
(主査)助教授 酒井 章子, 教授 北山 兼弘, 助教授 永益 英敏
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Baker, Patrick John. "Age structure and stand dynamics of a seasonal tropical forest in western Thailand /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5558.
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Mitchell, Thomas Carly. "The ecology of Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae) trees in primary lowland mixed Dipterocarp forest, Brunei." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251702.
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Boshier, David Henry. "A study of the reproductive biology of Cordia alliodora (R. and P.) Oken." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334900.
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Stewart, Christopher Gill. "Ecology and physiology of light-demanding trees in a tropical montane forest." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624529.
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Schmitt, Sylvain. "Ecological genomics of niche exploitation and individual performance in tropical forest trees." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0247.
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Les forêts tropicales abritent la plus grande diversité d'espèces au monde, un fait qui reste en partie inexpliqué et dont l'origine est sujette à débat. Même à l'échelle de l'hectare, les forêts tropicales abritent des genres riches en espèces, avec des espèces d’arbres étroitement apparentées qui coexistent en sympatrie. En raison de contraintes phylogénétiques, on s'attend à ce que les espèces étroitement apparentées possèdent des niches et des stratégies fonctionnelles similaires, ce qui questionne les mécanismes de leur coexistence locale. Les espèces étroitement apparentées peuvent former un complexe d'espèces, composé d’espèces morphologiquement similaires ou qui partagent une importante proportion de leur variabilité génétique en raison d'une ascendance commune récente ou d'hybridation, et qui peut résulter d'une radiation écologique adaptative des espèces selon des gradients environnementaux. Malgré le rôle clé des complexes d'espèces dans l'écologie, la diversification et l'évolution des forêts néotropicales, les forces éco-évolutives qui créent et maintiennent la diversité au sein des complexes d'espèces néotropicales restent peu connues. Nous avons exploré la variabilité génétique intraspécifique comme un continuum au sein de populations structurées d'espèces étroitement apparentées, et mesuré son rôle sur la performance individuelle des arbres à travers la croissance dans le temps, tout en tenant compte des effets d'un environnement finement caractérisé au niveau abiotique et biotique. En combinant des inventaires forestiers, des données topographiques, des traits fonctionnels foliaires et des données de capture de gènes dans la station de recherche de Paracou, en Guyane Française, nous avons utilisé la génomique des populations, les analyses d'associations environnementales et génomiques, et la modélisation Bayésienne sur les complexes d'espèces Symphonia et Eschweilera clade Parvifolia. Nous avons montré que les complexes d'espèces d'arbres couvrent l’ensemble des gradients locaux de topographie et de compétition présents dans le site d'étude alors que la plupart des espèces qui les composent présentent une différenciation de niche marquée le long de ces mêmes gradients. Plus précisément, dans les complexes d'espèces étudiés, la diminution de la disponibilité en eau, par exemple depuis les bas-fonds jusqu’aux plateaux, a entraîné une modification des traits fonctionnels foliaires, depuis des stratégies d'acquisition à des stratégies conservatrices, tant entre les espèces qu'au sein de celles-ci. Les espèces de Symphonia sont génétiquement adaptées à la distribution de l'eau et des nutriments, elles coexistent donc localement en exploitant un large gradient d'habitats locaux. Inversement, les espèces d'Eschweilera sont différentiellement adaptées à la chimie du sol et évitent les habitats les plus humides et hydromorphes. Enfin, les génotypes individuels des espèces de Symphonia sont différentiellement adaptés pour se régénérer et croître en réponse à la fine dynamique spatio-temporelle des trouées forestières, avec des stratégies adaptatives de croissance divergentes le long des niches de succession. Par conséquent, la topographie et la dynamique des trouées forestières entraînent des adaptations spatio-temporelles à fine échelle des individus au sein et entre les espèces des complexes d'espèces Symphonia et Eschweilera. Je suggère que les adaptations à la topographie et à la dynamique des trouées forestières favorisent la coexistence des individus au sein et entre les espèces des complexes d'espèces, et peut-être plus généralement entre les espèces d'arbres de forêts matures. Dans l'ensemble, je soutiens le rôle primordial des individus au sein des espèces dans la diversité des forêts tropicales, et suggère que nous devrions élaborer une théorie de l'écologie des communautés en commençant par les individus, car les interactions avec les environnements se produisent après tout au niveau de l’individuTropical forests shelter the highest species diversity worldwide, a fact that remains partly unexplained and the origin of which is subject to debate. Even at the hectare-scale, tropical forests shelter species-rich genera with closely-related tree species coexisting in sympatry. Due to phylogenetic constraints, closely related species are expected to have similar niches and functional strategies, which raises questions on the mechanisms of their local coexistence. Closely related species may form a species complex, defined as morphologically similar species that share large amounts of genetic variation due to recent common ancestry and hybridization, and that can result from ecological adaptive radiation of species segregating along environmental gradients. Despite the key role of species complexes in Neotropical forest ecology, diversification, and evolution, little is known of the eco-evolutionary forces creating and maintaining diversity within Neotropical species complexes. We explored the intraspecific genomic variability as a continuum within structured populations of closely related species, and measured its role on individual tree performance through growth over time, while accounting for effects of a finely-characterized environment at the abiotic and biotic level. Combining tree inventories, LiDAR-derived topographic data, leaf functional traits, and gene capture data in the research station of Paracou, French Guiana, we used population genomics, environmental association analyses, genome-wide association studies and Bayesian modelling on the tree species complexes Symphonia and Eschweilera clade Parvifolia. We showed that the species complexes of Neotropical trees cover all local gradients of topography and competition and are therefore widespread in the study site whereas most of the species within them exhibit pervasive niche differentiation along these same gradients. Specifically, in the species complexes Symphonia and Eschweilera clade Parvifolia, the decrease in water availability due to higher topographic position, e.g., from bottomlands to plateaus, has led to a change in leaf functional traits from acquisitive strategies to conservative strategies, both among and within species. Symphonia species are genetically adapted to the distribution of water and nutrients, hence they coexist locally through exploiting a broad gradient of local habitats. Conversely, Eschweilera species are differentially adapted to soil chemistry and avoid the wettest, hydromorphic habitats. Last but not least, individual tree genotypes of Symphonia species are differentially adapted to regenerate and thrive in response to the fine spatio-temporal dynamics of forest gaps with divergent adaptive growth strategies along successional niches. Consequently, topography and the dynamics of forest gaps drive fine-scale spatio-temporal adaptations of individuals within and among distinct but genetically connected species within the species complexes Symphonia and Eschweilera clade Parvifolia. Fine-scale topography drives genetic divergence and niche differentiation with genetic adaptations among species, while forest gap dynamics maintains genetic diversity with divergent adaptive strategies within species. I suggest that adaptations of tree species and individuals to topography and dynamics of forest gaps promote coexistence within and among species within species complexes, and perhaps among mature forest tree species outside species complexes. Overall, I defend the primordial role of individuals within species in tropical forest diversity, suggesting that we should develop a theory of community ecology starting with individuals, because interactions with environments happen after all at the individual level
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Wood, Cheryl Victoria. "Validating a calcium tracer based tree-ring dating method for tropical wood." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6389.
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The tropics are a key part of the global biosphere. Specifically, the woodland environments not only moderate large scale climate dynamics, but are also crucial in the global carbon cycle. Despite this, tropical dendrochronological studies are rare due to the uncertainty in annual dating from the minimal seasonality in most tropic environments. Without distinct annual tree rings, dendrochronological dating methods do not work, therefore other dating methods are required before long term forest growth analyses can be made. Alternatives such as radiocarbon and stable isotope measurements can be expensive and require high resolution measurement in order to identify seasonality. This thesis introduces a novel dating method for tropical trees using calcium as a tracer of annual wood formation. Laser Ablation-ICP-MS provides a fast, high resolution method for measuring mineral elements which could potentially provide a solution to the dating of tropical trees. Initially, Scots pine provided an excellent testing species for the development of both the methodological and analytical dating methods proposed through this thesis. It's well defined, annually dated ring structure formed the basis of seasonal signal detection and the development of an objective analysis for dating. This was achieved by the continuous measurement of calcium, and utilising a threshold detection approach to define annual growth cycles with respect to extreme peaks in the tracer data-series. The initial success of the calcium dating method using pine allowed for testing the technique on a tropical trees species from Cameroon which lacks distinct rings. Along with radiocarbon dating, the robustness of the calcium dating method for this tropical species was assessed. Promising results were initially found however, these could not be replicated and validation of this method proved problematic. Finally, radiocarbon dates were used to assess the nature of the oxygen and carbon stable isotopic series from the single tree of the same species from the tropical calcium tests. Results showed that despite the clear cyclic signal present in the oxygen isotope record, this did not represent an annual signal. These results reinforce the problems associated with tropical dendro analysis.
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Schollaen, Karina. "Tracking climate signals in tropical trees : new insights from Indonesian stable isotope records." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/7194/.
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The tropical warm pool waters surrounding Indonesia are one of the equatorial heat and moisture sources that are considered as a driving force of the global climate system. The climate in Indonesia is dominated by the equatorial monsoon system, and has been linked to El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, which often result in severe droughts or floods over Indonesia with profound societal and economic impacts on the populations living in the world's fourth most populated country. The latest IPCC report states that ENSO will remain the dominant mode in the tropical Pacific with global effects in the 21st century and ENSO-related precipitation extremes will intensify. However, no common agreement exists among climate simulation models for projected change in ENSO and the Australian-Indonesian Monsoon. Exploring high-resolution palaeoclimate archives, like tree rings or varved lake sediments, provide insights into the natural climate variability of the past, and thus helps improving and validating simulations of future climate changes.
Centennial tree-ring stable isotope records | Within this doctoral thesis the main goal was to explore the potential of tropical tree rings to record climate signals and to use them as palaeoclimate proxies. In detail, stable carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotopes were extracted from teak trees in order to establish the first well-replicated centennial (AD 1900-2007) stable isotope records for Java, Indonesia. Furthermore, different climatic variables were tested whether they show significant correlation with tree-ring proxies (ring-width, δ13C, δ18O). Moreover, highly resolved intra-annual oxygen isotope data were established to assess the transfer of the seasonal precipitation signal into the tree rings. Finally, the established oxygen isotope record was used to reveal possible correlations with ENSO events.
Methodological achievements | A second goal of this thesis was to assess the applicability of novel techniques which facilitate and optimize high-resolution and high-throughput stable isotope analysis of tree rings. Two different UV-laser-based microscopic dissection systems were evaluated as a novel sampling tool for high-resolution stable isotope analysis. Furthermore, an improved procedure of tree-ring dissection from thin cellulose laths for stable isotope analysis was designed.
The most important findings of this thesis are: I) The herein presented novel sampling techniques improve stable isotope analyses for tree-ring studies in terms of precision, efficiency and quality. The UV-laser-based microdissection serve as a valuable tool for sampling plant tissue at ultrahigh-resolution and for unprecedented precision. II) A guideline for a modified method of cellulose extraction from wholewood cross-sections and subsequent tree-ring dissection was established. The novel technique optimizes the stable isotope analysis process in two ways: faster and high-throughput cellulose extraction and precise tree-ring separation at annual to high-resolution scale. III) The centennial tree-ring stable isotope records reveal significant correlation with regional precipitation. High-resolution stable oxygen values, furthermore, allow distinguishing between dry and rainy season rainfall. IV) The δ18O record reveals significant correlation with different ENSO flavors and demonstrates the importance of considering ENSO flavors when interpreting palaeoclimatic data in the tropics.
The findings of my dissertation show that seasonally resolved δ18O records from Indonesian teak trees are a valuable proxy for multi-centennial reconstructions of regional precipitation variability (monsoon signals) and large-scale ocean-atmosphere phenomena (ENSO) for the Indo-Pacific region. Furthermore, the novel methodological achievements offer many unexplored avenues for multidisciplinary research in high-resolution palaeoclimatology.Die tropischen Gewässer um Indonesien sind eine der äquatorialen Wärme- und Feuchtigkeitsquellen, die als treibende Kraft des globalen Klimasystems betrachtet werden können. Das Klima in Indonesien ist geprägt durch das Australisch-Indonesische Monsunsystem. Weiterhin besteht eine Verknüpfung mit El Niño-Southern Oszillation (ENSO) Ereignissen, die oft zu schweren Dürren oder Überschwemmungen in der Region mit tiefgreifenden gesellschaftlichen und wirtschaftlichen Folgen führen. Der neueste IPCC-Bericht legt dar, dass ENSO auch in den nächsten 100 Jahren das vorherrschende Klimaphänomen im tropischen Pazifik bleiben wird. Ferner wird davon ausgegangen, dass sich die ENSO-bezogenen Niederschlagsextrema intensivieren werden. Wenig Übereinstimmung herrscht jedoch bislang zwischen den Klimasimulationsmodellen in Bezug auf die voraussichtlichen Veränderungen von ENSO und dem Australisch-Indonesischen Monsunsystem. Hochaufgelöste Paläoklima-Archive, wie z.B. Jahrringe oder warvierte Seesedimente, geben Auskunft über die natürliche Klimavariabilität der Vergangenheit und können somit dazu beitragen, die Computersimulationen der künftigen Klimaentwicklung zu verbessern und zu validieren. Hundertjährige stabile Jahrring-Isotopenchronologien | Das Hauptziel dieser Doktorarbeit war es, dass Potenzial von tropischen Jahrringen zur Aufzeichnung von Klimasignalen herauszustellen und deren Evaluierung als Paläoklimaproxys. Im Detail wurden stabile Kohlenstoff- (δ13C) und Sauerstoff- (δ18O) Isotopenverhältnisse in Teakbäumen analysiert, und die ersten gut replizierten hundertjährigen (AD 1900-2007) stabilen Isotopenchronologien aus Java (Indonesien) erstellt. Dabei wurden verschiedene klimatische Einflussgrößen getestet, ob diese signifikante Korrelationen mit den Jahrringparametern aufzeigen. Weiterhin wurden hochaufgelöste intra-annuelle Sauerstoffisotopenzeitreihen erstellt, um den Transfer des saisonalen Niederschlagssignals in den jeweiligen Jahrring zu bemessen. Die ermittelte Sauerstoff-Isotopenchronologie wurde anschließend auf mögliche ENSO Signale hin untersucht. Methodische Errungenschaften | Ein zweites Ziel dieser Arbeit war es neue Verfahren zur Analyse stabiler Isotope in Baumjahrringen zu entwickeln und zu optimieren. Zwei verschiedene UV-Lasermikrodissektions-Systeme wurden getestet als neues präzises Präparationswerkzeug für stabile Isotopenstudien. Darüber hinaus wurde eine verbesserte Methode für die Probenaufbereitung stabiler Isotopenmessungen anhand von Zellulose-Dünnschnitten entwickelt. Die wichtigsten Ergebnisse dieser Doktorarbeit sind: I) Die hier vorgestellten neuartigen Techniken zu Probenvorbereitung verbessern die Analyse stabiler Isotope für Jahrringstudien in Hinsicht auf Präzision, Effizienz und Qualität. Es wurde gezeigt, dass die UV-Lasermikrodissektion eine wertvolle Technik ist, um die Beprobung von Pflanzengewebe in höchster Auflösung und beispielloser Präzision durchzuführen. II) Es ist gelungen, einen Leitfaden für ein modifiziertes Verfahren der Zelluloseextraktion an Gesamtholz-Dünnschnitten und der anschließenden Jahrringaufbereitung zu erstellen. Diese neuartige Methode optimiert die Analyse stabiler Isotopenzeitreihen in zweierlei Hinsicht: schnellere und effiziente Zelluloseextraktion und präzise Trennung der Jahrringsequenzen in inter-annueller bis intra-annuelle Auflösung. III) Die hundertjährigen stabilen Jahrring-Isotopenchronologien weisen signifikante Korrelationen mit dem regionalen Niederschlag auf. In den hochaufgelösten stabilen Sauerstoffisotopenwerten spiegelt sich deutlich das Niederschlagssignal der Trocken- und der Regenzeit wieder. IV) Die stabile Sauerstoffisotopenzeitreihe zeigt signifikante Korrelationen mit verschiedenen ENSO Phasen. Dies betont, dass die verschiedenen ENSO Phasen bei der Interpretation von tropischen Paläodaten zu berücksichtigen sind. Die Ergebnisse der Dissertation zeigen, dass saisonal aufgelöste stabile Sauerstoffisotopenchronologien von indonesischen Teakbäumen ein geeigneter Proxy für mehrhundertjährige Rekonstruktionen der regionalen Niederschlagsvariabilität (Monsun-Signale) und großräumiger Ozean-Atmosphären-Systeme (ENSO) für den Indopazifik ist. Darüber hinaus bieten die neuartigen methodischen Errungenschaften viele neue Ansätze für multidisziplinäre hochaufgelöste Studien in der paläoklimatologischen Forschung.
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Barrance, Adrian. "Farmers' relations with trees in the Mesoamerican Tropical Dry Forest : narratives and realities." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2010. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/19905/.
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Sandiford, Mark. "A study of the reproductive biology of Bombacopsis quinata (Jacq.) Dugand." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242057.
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Matos, Dalva Maria da Silva. "Population ecology of Euterpe edulis Mart. (Palmae)." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296949.
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1- The ecology of a population of the tropical palm tree Euterpe edulis Mart. was studied at the Municipal Reserve of Santa Genebra, Campinas (Sao Paulo, Brazil). This palm has been intensively exploited due to the quality of its heart of palm (palmito). The heart of palm corresponds to the apical meristem of the plant together with the developing new leaves. 2- The indiscriminate exploitation that this palm has been subject to over recent years in southern Sao Paulo may result in it becoming extinct in many forest fragments. The biodiversity of large animals in these forests has declined as a consequence of hunting, and the overexploitation of E. edulis has also led to a decline in the number of large frugiverous birds. The financial benefits generated by the sustainable exploitation of palmito can exceed those from a single extraction or those from forest conversion to agriculture. 3- The seed and seedling ecology of the population of E. edulis was examined. On average each plant produced approximately 1500 fruits and, there was a tendency for plants of intennediate size to be slightly more fecund. Most seeds were found in close proximity to adult plants; the distance of dispersal could be described by a negative power curve. Five species of birds belonging to the Family Turdidae were observed to feed on the fruits of E. edulis while on the tree, while subsequent dispersal along the gro':lnd was found to occur by water. The probability of surviving and growing to the next Sl~ class was inversely related to the number of seedlings. The maximum survival of seedlIngs and growth to the next size class occurred approximately 4 m from adult plants, indicating that the survival and growth of seedlings was suppressed in the immediate vicinity of conspecific adults. 4- The spatial pattern of the population of E. edulis, in the Municipal Reserve of Santa Genebra, was significantly clumped. The data indicate that the spatial distribution of individuals becomes less clumped with time as individuals develop. 5- The transition matrix analysis of the population revealed that the population is increasing at a rate of 14% year-I. The highest sensitivity was observed in the transition from size-class 1 (0-10 mm diameter) to class 2 (10.1 - 20 mm). According to the elasticity analysis, most of the value of the finite rate of population increase is accounted for by the probability of surviving and remaining in the same size class. The results from the haryesting simulations, indicate that it is possible to harvest E. edulis sustainably when harvesting is restricted to size class 6 plants (Le. reproductive adults). 6- The density-dependence observed for survival and growth of plants in the smallest size class was s~ong enough to affect the population dynamics of E. edulis. Elasticity analysis of the transItion matrix shows that the position of populations of E. edulis in G-L-F space moves towards the L apex of the demographic triangle as the density of plants increases.
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Mathias, P. J. "Micropropagation of the tropical hardwoods, Khaya ivorensis A. Chev. and Nauclea diderrichii (De Wild and Th. Dur.) Merrill." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233609.
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Chamberlain, Joanne R. "The taxonomy and population structure of the tropical trees Leucaena benth. and Gliricidia H.B.K." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309281.
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Babweteera, Fred. "Interactions between frugivores and fleshy-fruited trees in primary and secondary tropical rain forests." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433409.
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Van, Etten Erica. "Seedling recruitment of large-seeded tropical trees planted as seeds in the Ecuadorian Amazon." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0025046.
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Gibbons, James M. "Water relations, phenology and drought adaptation of understorey trees in tropical lowland rain forest." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298566.
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Vermeulen, Sonja Joy. "Distribution of mistletoes in a patchy habitat." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11219.
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Kang, Qiwen. "UNSUPERVISED LEARNING IN PHYLOGENOMIC ANALYSIS OVER THE SPACE OF PHYLOGENETIC TREES." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/statistics_etds/39.
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A phylogenetic tree is a tree to represent an evolutionary history between species or other entities. Phylogenomics is a new field intersecting phylogenetics and genomics and it is well-known that we need statistical learning methods to handle and analyze a large amount of data which can be generated relatively cheaply with new technologies. Based on the existing Markov models, we introduce a new method, CURatio, to identify outliers in a given gene data set. This method, intrinsically an unsupervised method, can find outliers from thousands or even more genes. This ability to analyze large amounts of genes (even with missing information) makes it unique in many parametric methods. At the same time, the exploration of statistical analysis in high-dimensional space of phylogenetic trees has never stopped, many tree metrics are proposed to statistical methodology. Tropical metric is one of them. We implement a MCMC sampling method to estimate the principal components in a tree space with the tropical metric for achieving dimension reduction and visualizing the result in a 2-D tropical triangle.
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Posada, Juan Manuel. "Optimization of light use by tropical canopy trees through acclimation of leaf physiology and orientation." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0002182.
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Borrone, James William. "The isolation, characterization, and application of WRKY genes as useful molecular markers in tropical trees." FIU Digital Commons, 2004. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2017.
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The improvement of tropical tree crops using conventional breeding methods faces challenges due to the length of time involved. Thus, like most crops, there is an effort to utilize molecular genetic markers in breeding programs to select for desirable agronomic traits. Known as marker assisted breeding or marker assisted selection, genetic markers associated with a phenotype of interest are used to screen and select material reducing the time necessary to evaluate candidates. As the focus of this research was improving disease resistance in tropical trees, the usefulness of the WRKY gene superfamily was investigated as candidates for generating useful molecular genetic markers. WRKY genes encode plant-specific transcriptional factors associated with regulating plants’ responses to both biotic and abiotic stress.
One pair of degenerate primers amplified 48 WRKY gene fragments from three taxonomically distinct, economically important, tropical tree crop species: 18 from Theobroma cacao L., 21 from Cocos nucifera L. and 9 from Persea americana Mill. Several loci from each species were polymorphic because of single nucleotide substitutions present within a putative non-coding region of the loci. Capillary array electrophoresis-single strand conformational polymorphism (CAE-SSCP) mapped four WRKY loci onto a genetic linkage map of a T. cacao F2 population segregating for resistance to witches’ broom disease. Additionally, PCR primers specific for four T. cacao loci successfully amplified WRKY loci from 15 members of the Byttneriae tribe. A method was devised to allow the reliable discrimination of alleles by CAE-SSCP using only the mobility assigned to the sample peaks. Once this method was validated, the diversity of three WRKY loci was evaluated in a germplasm collection of T. cacao. One locus displayed high diversity in the collection, with at least 18 alleles detected from mobility differences of the product peaks. The number of WRKY loci available within the genome, ease of isolation by degenerate PCR, codominant segregation demonstrated in the F2 population, and usefulness for screening germplasm collections and closely related wild species demonstrates that the WRKY superfamily of genes are excellent candidates for developing a number of genetic molecular markers for breeding purposes in tropical trees.
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Duffy, Brittany A. "Trees in the Agricultural Matrix: Reforestation Processes in a Tropical Dry Landscape in Chinandega, Nicaragua." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2608.
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Tree management practices in the tropical dry forest region of Nicaragua were examined to determine opportunities and factors influencing tree-planting initiatives and forest recovery within the agricultural matrix. A 217.11 ha tree inventory and 44 social surveys were conducted in three rural communities. The inventory found 88 species, 66.68% were native, and 70 valued for multiple uses. Farmers’ reasons for maintaining trees varied, emphasizing live fencing, wood, and fruit. The landscape also contains a tree plantation and a riparian forest, and the origins and management of these tree cover components of the landscape are also considered. Tree planting interventions should supplement extant stakeholder motivation with technical training and basic materials only as explicitly requested by participants, rather than imposing costly or inappropriate project preferences. Initiatives should also focus on smallholders and on multi-use native species suggested by stakeholders in order to maximize the economic, social and environmental benefits provided.
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Krüger, Claudia. "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for reforestation of native tropical trees in the Andes of South Ecuador." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-164538.
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Rosales, Mauricio. "In vitro assessment of the nutritive value of mixtures of leaves from tropical fodder trees." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cb8e7b8f-fabb-4aed-a5c5-8a58b6c294a6.
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Previous work in animal nutrition has focused on single feeds and assumed additivity in ration systems. In the tropics, farmers are likely to feed mixtures of feeds, including tree fodders, which may not be simply additive in nutritional terms. This study has increased our understanding of the mechanisms that determine the associative effects on the in vitro fermentation of mixtures of fodder tree leaves. Associative effects are governed by a synchronisation in the fermentation rates of the components of the mixture. This is in turn dependent on the fermentability of their chemical constituents. Effects were demonstrated by changes in the fermentation kinetics of gas production curves. The chemical components of fodder tree leaves that affect the fermentation, and the time at which the effect occurs, were identified, using two media of different nitrogen contents. The fermentation of mixtures of pure chemical entities in various combinations was then examined. The greatest associative effects were found when the mixture had components of similar fermentability. It is proposed that associative effects are a function of the synchronisation of fermentation of the different components and was shown to occur at the point when the rate was maximal. With two types of protein (casein and bovine serum albumin (BSA)), utilisation of a protein by rumen microbes was shown to be a function of its fermentability and not of its solubility. This is also influenced by the type of associated carbohydrate. Fodder tree leaves were then combined with different pure chemical entities. Associative effects between fodder tree leaves and carbohydrates were shown to occur and the responses were similar to those obtained with mixtures of pure carbohydrates and proteins. The effect of tannins and phenolic compounds was studied using quebracho tannin as a model, and in five of the tree species. They were shown to affect the fermentability of both carbohydrates and proteins. The effect was greater with carbohydrates of medium to low fermentability. They also reacted with both soluble and insoluble protein. Forages with phenolic compounds showed both positive and negative effects. The effects were possible due to a synchrony or asynchrony in the release of protein. In mixtures of leaves from different species, associative effects were related to their fermentability. Again, this appeared to be the result of the synchronisation of the release of nutrients. Associative effects with fodder tree leaves were of a composite nature and can be both positive and negative. The implications of these findings in relation to in vivo digestion and animal production are discussed. Due to the diversity of fodder trees, there is the potential to develop feeding systems based on mixtures which make better use of available resources. This will also contribute to improved efficiency in the management and use of natural resources, and take advantage of natural plant diversity in the tropics.
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Kondoh(Tsuji), Shoko. "Ecophysiological study on drought stress strategy of trees in humid and semi-arid tropical ecosystems." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/136824.
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Hazelwood, Kirsten. "The role of trophic interactions in shaping tropical tree communities." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/28637.
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Tropical rainforests contain exceptionally high biodiversity and account for >30% of the world's carbon fixed by photosynthesis. Consequently, there are compelling reasons to deepen our understanding of the mechanisms that maintain these highly diverse forests and of the potential long-term threats to their preservation. An important process shaping tropical plant communities is negative density dependence (NDD). NDD occurs when plant performance is negatively impacted by increased neighbourhood density. Reduced performance at high neighbourhood density is thought to arise through ecological interactions between plants and their natural enemies. Thus in a healthy ecosystem, trophic interactions play vital roles as mechanisms driving NDD and are important as dispersers facilitating escape from NDD mortality. However, interruption to ecological processes caused by human activities, such as hunting, can perturb NDD interactions and cause cascading effects throughout an ecosystem. In my thesis I investigate the role of dispersal and mortality in NDD dynamics of tropical tree communities, as well as investigating local and global impacts of removing ecological interactions in tropical rainforests. In my thesis, I begin by addressing the presence and variation in strength of NDD among tree species and ontogenetic stages, the mechanisms driving NDD, and the role of trophic interactions in this process. The Janzen-Connell hypothesis predicts that host-specific natural enemies drive NDD by selectively reducing conspecific density, and increase diversity by suppressing competitive exclusion, thus allowing heterospecifics to persist. In chapters 2 and 3 of this thesis, I show that mortality driven by conspecific NDD is prevalent at the early life stages, and this effect is considerably stronger during the year after germination. Furthermore, this process is driven exclusively by host-specific fungal pathogens, which cause mortality selectively among conspecifics and drive diversity. As seedlings age beyond their first year, NDD interactions become less impacted by conspecifics but are impacted by closely related neighbours or by general neighbourhood density, representing changes in the mechanism driving NDD as seedlings age, and a decline in host-specificity of natural enemies. Equally, relative growth rates (RGR) are reduced under high neighbourhood density irrespective of species identity. Results suggest insect herbivores are the strongest driver of reduced RGR but not mortality under increased neighbourhood density. As a consequence of stronger inter than intra-specific NDD effects on RGR, insects had no impact on seedling diversity in the short term. This study supports assertions that regionally rare species experience stronger NDD than common species, accounting for the high variability in species relative abundance in the tropics. In the second part of my thesis, I address the role of large vertebrate dispersers in shaping tropical tree communities and the consequences of defaunation for tree assemblage and carbon storage. Dispersal allows seeds to escape NDD and persist to reproductive maturity and is therefore vital for the maintenance of diversity. Vertebrates disperse the seeds of more than 70% of neo-tropical tree species. However, many large vertebrates are becoming scarce due to widespread hunting. The decline of large vertebrates and their role as dispersers is predicted to alter tree community composition. Additionally, large vertebrates are responsible for the dispersal of large-seeded species, which are linked to species with high wood density. With wood density positively associated with carbon storage, there is a potential cascading influence of defaunation on global carbon storage. We investigate the consequences of declining large vertebrate mortality agents in chapter 3, and the consequences of declining large vertebrate dispersers in chapters 4 and 5. Although community composition is altered in a defaunated forest, species dispersed by extirpated fauna do not appear to drive this. In fact we find that many species thought to be heavily reliant on extirpated fauna manage to persist. Although it is thought that the simultaneous loss of seed predation from large terrestrial vertebrates may create compensatory effects, we found little support for this, with an absence of large terrestrial vertebrates driving only temporary changes to species diversity. Neither a loss of large frugivores or large-seeded species lead to declines in species with high wood density, but we detect a worrying decline in large stemmed species, which has negative implications for carbon storage. Overall, my thesis highlights the importance of NDD and trophic interactions, particularly fungal pathogens, at the early life stages in shaping tropical tree communities and in maintaining diversity. I provide evidence that the removal of trophic interactions among larger natural enemies and dispersers does not impact community assemblage in the directional manner found in previous studies. I provide evidence for the variability in response to trophic interactions among species and ontogenetic stages. I show disproportionate relative importance among natural enemies and dispersers in the maintenance of tropical tree assemblage, with implications for conservation and for assessing the consequences for tree diversity under the influence of degradation.
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Cunningham, Shaun Cameron 1971. "Comparative ecophysiology of temperate and tropical rainforest canopy trees of Australia in relation to climate variables." Monash University, Dept. of Biological Sciences, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9040.
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Diaz, de Arends Miriam Leonarda. "Ecophysiology and phenology of very dry tropical forest trees : effects of soil characteristics, rainfall and irrigation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624548.
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Hasselquist, Niles Jacob. "Mycorrhizae, water, and a changing climate how do trees survive in a seasonally dry tropical forest? /." Diss., UC access only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=105&did=1871852251&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=7&retrieveGroup=0&VType=PQD&VInst=PROD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1270484435&clientId=48051.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009.Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves ). Issued in print and online. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations.
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Kurokawa, Hiroko. "Defensive strategies of tropical trees by phenolic compounds and their effects on decomposition in forest ecosystems." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/147864.
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Kariuki, Innocent Weru. "Condensed tannins in tropical legume fodder trees : characterisation and interactions with rumen microbes, feed and endogenous proteins /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17410.pdf.
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Messier, Julie. "Variation and Integration of Ecophysiological Traits across Scales in Tropical and Temperate Trees: Patterns, Drivers and Consequences." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/594556.
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The overarching goal of my dissertation is to explore the potential and limits of a trait-based approach to plant ecology. Together, the different studies presented here address two explicit and implicit foundational assumptions underpinning the trait-based approach: (1) that the correlation patterns and biological significance of traits transfer across scales and (2) that the phenotypic complexity of plants can accurately be synthesized into a few meaningful traits to study their ecology. Moreover, the last chapter focuses on a third key assumption: (3) that traits are strong predictors of plant performance (Shipley et al. In Press). I examine these assumptions by exploring multivariate patterns of phenotypic variation and integration across different ecological scales (e.g., individuals, populations, species) while explicitly considering the phenotypic complexity of trees, both in terms of their multidimensional and integrated nature. Two themes thus permeate this body of work: scales and phenotypic complexity. Much of what we know about the relationships among key traits comes from species-scale studies. Trait variation at smaller scales are often interpreted in the context of these interspecific relationships, but it is not clear that interspecific patterns observed at global scales apply to smaller scales. Moreover, although plants are complex, integrated organisms with intricate relationships among their traits, single traits are often studied and interpreted without considering the rest of the phenotype. Yet, examining individual traits outside of their phenotypic context might provide limited insight or be misleading. To address these shortcomings, this body of work examines multidimensional patterns of trait variation and correlation across ecological scales. It uses (1) a set of six ecophysiological leaf traits from mature trees in a lowland tropical rainforest, and (2) a set of twenty leaf, root, stem, branch and whole-plant ecophysiological traits from deciduous saplings in a temperate forest. The combination of our findings point to three main conclusions: (i) local interspecific and intra-population trait integration structures differ from each other and from the global interspecific patterns reported in the literature, such that global-scale interspecific patterns cannot readily be transferred to more local scales; (ii) considering the complexity of the plant phenotype provides better insights into ecological patterns and processes than what we can learn from considering individual or a handful of traits; and (iii) traits strongly affect individual plant performance, although there is no relationship between a species' trait correlation structure and its environmental niche, which suggests that there are multiple alternative optimal phenotypes in a given environment.
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Binks, Oliver John. "The role of leaf hydraulic function and anatomy in the acclimation of tropical forest trees to drought." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/18752.
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Seasonality in the Amazon Rainforest is predicted to become more extreme, with dry seasons increasing in length and severity, while severe episodic droughts are expected to occur with greater frequency. Drought stress can reduce the capacity of the rainforest to sequester carbon, and severe drought events can switch the region from being a net sink to a temporary source of carbon to the atmosphere. A key component in the drought-induced carbon flux is tree mortality, and there is evidence of strong feedbacks globally and regionally in the Amazon with climate change. Although the exact cause of drought-induced mortality in trees is difficult to ascertain, recent data suggests that reduced functionality of the water transport pathway (hydraulic failure) is an important factor. Hydraulic vulnerability in trees is often assessed using measurements of the capacity of stems and branches to cope with the strongly negative internal water pressures associated with drought. However, leaves play a vital role in protecting the integrity of the ‘upstream’ hydraulic pathway by influencing the rate of transpiration and thus the tension in the water column. Therefore, the physiology of leaves can be informative of, and influence, tree species’ sensitivity to drought. This thesis uses a long-term large-scale rainfall exclusion experiment in the Eastern Amazon to examine the possible link between leaf physiology and drought sensitivity (or tolerance) by different taxa, and the capacity of mature, upper canopy Amazonian trees to respond to drought via plastic changes in leaf physiology. The plasticity in response to experimental drought and the differences between taxa classed as drought-sensitive and drought-resistant based on drought induced mortality records were tested by the study of leaf water relations (Chapter 2), leaf anatomy (Chapter 3) and foliar water uptake (Chapter 4). No consistent differences were found between drought-resistant and drought-sensitive species suggesting that the sensitivity of these species to drought may be due to other aspects of plant physiology. However, a limited response to the imposed drought conditions was detected across all taxa and included reductions of osmotic potential at full turgor and turgor loss point (Chapter 2), and increases in the thickness of the upper epidermis and the leaf internal cavity volume (Chapter 3). Interestingly, drought-sensitive taxa showed more seasonal osmotic adjustment than drought-resistant taxa, indicating that short-term responses to drought (e.g. season) are not representative of the capacity for adjustment in response to long-term water deficits. No significant changes occurred in leaf size, thickness, stomatal and vein density, the quantity of the inner leaf tissues (i.e. the palisade and spongy mesophyll) and mesophyll cell size, in response to the experimental drought. The experiments on foliar water uptake in Chapter 4 revealed that this rarely-considered process occurs in all taxa, but the response to the drought treatment differed among taxa. Using a simple model, foliar water uptake was scaled up to canopy level. Under normal conditions (i.e. no drought) canopy foliar uptake was calculated to be 29.9 ± 2.3 mm year-1 from rainfall alone, but this increased to a maximum of 51.9 ± 2.3 mm year-1 when including the input of dew in the dry season. However, lower water potential in the drought plot causing increased rates of foliar water uptake, led to estimates of 38.7 ± 3.0 mm year-1 (rainfall only) and 68.9 ± 2.9 mm year-1 (including dry season dew). Taken together, these results demonstrate that Amazonian trees show some limited capacity for acclimation to drought through the changes in leaf physiology measured in this thesis. Low turgor loss point is associated with dry climate-adapted plants, so the finding that this parameter reduced in response to the drought reveals some potential for Amazonian trees to acclimate with the predicted changes in moisture availability. However, the limited response of leaf anatomy to long-term drought might suggest that acclimation may only occur within a narrow range. The finding that six common Amazonian tree genera can take water up through their leaves has considerable implications for understanding the Amazon water budget, in terms of the contribution of dew and light rainfall to canopy water status, but also the implications it has for the hydraulic vulnerability of trees in rainforests right across the Amazon basin.
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Erwin. "ANATOMICAL STUDY OF THE DEGRADATION OF CANKER WOOD IN TROPICAL TREES AND IDENTIFICATION OF THE CAUSAL FUNGI." Kyoto University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/123966.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第14175号
農博第1736号
新制||農||964(附属図書館)
学位論文||H20||N4414(農学部図書室)
UT51-2008-N492
京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻
(主査)教授 今村 祐嗣, 教授 杉山 淳司, 教授 二井 一禎
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Hollis, Steven Scott. "Patterns of mineral element retranslocation in four species of tropical montane forest trees in Monteverde, Costa Rica." Online pdf file accessible through the World Wide Web, 2008. http://archives.evergreen.edu/masterstheses/Accession86-10MES/Hollis_SSMESThesis2008.pdf.
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Schollaen, Karina [Verfasser], and Achim [Akademischer Betreuer] Brauer. "Tracking climate signals in tropical trees : new insights from Indonesian stable isotope records / Karina Schollaen. Betreuer: Achim Brauer." Potsdam : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1060257475/34.
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Armendariz-Yanez, Ivan Rene. "Indigenous fodder legume trees : their influence on soil fertility and animal production on tropical pastures of Yucatan, Mexico." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285231.
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