Journal articles: 'Tropical rain forest ecology'

1

Kerfoot, O. "Tropical Rain Forest Ecology." South African Journal of Botany 51, no. 1 (February 1985): 74–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0254-6299(16)31705-7.

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Hall, John B. "Tropical rain forest ecology." Forest Ecology and Management 58, no. 1-2 (April 1993): 169–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(93)90142-a.

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Major, Jack, S. L. Sutton, T. C. Whitmore, and A. C. Chadwick. "Tropical Rain Forest: Ecology and Management." Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 112, no. 4 (October 1985): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2996051.

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4

Proctor, J., H. Lieth, and M. J. A. Werger. "Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystems." Journal of Ecology 78, no. 1 (March 1990): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2261052.

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5

Lowman, Margaret D., and Mark Moffett. "The ecology of tropical rain forest canopies." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 8, no. 3 (March 1993): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(93)90061-s.

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Denslow, Julie Slogan. "Tropical Rain Forest Dynamics." Ecology 67, no. 4 (August 1986): 1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1939845.

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Styring, Alison R., and Mohamed Zakaria bin Hussin. "Foraging ecology of woodpeckers in lowland Malaysian rain forests." Journal of Tropical Ecology 20, no. 5 (August 9, 2004): 487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467404001579.

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We investigated the foraging ecology of 13 species of woodpecker in logged and unlogged lowland rain forest at two forest reserves in West Malaysia (Pasoh Forest Reserve and Sungai Lalang Forest Reserve). The parameters perch diameter and microhabitat/substrate type explained more variation in the data than other parameters, and effectively divided the guild into two groups: (1) ‘conventional’ – species that excavated frequently, used relatively large perches, and foraged on snags and patches of dead wood, and (2) ‘novel’ – species that used smaller perches and microhabitats that are available in tropical forests on a year-round basis (e.g. external, arboreal ant/termite nests and bamboo). These novel resources may explain, in part, the maintenance of high woodpecker diversity in tropical rain forests.

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Bentley, Barbara L. "Tropical Forest Ecology The Tropical Rain Forest: A First Encounter M. Jacobs." BioScience 39, no. 3 (March 1989): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1311030.

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Hartshorn, Gary S. "A Tropical Rain Forest Gem." Conservation Biology 20, no. 4 (March 10, 2006): 1332–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00503_5.x.

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Martínez-Garza, Cristina, Alejandro Flores-Palacios, Marines De La Peña-Domene, and Henry F. Howe. "Seed rain in a tropical agricultural landscape." Journal of Tropical Ecology 25, no. 5 (September 2009): 541–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467409990113.

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Abstract:Seed dispersal into fragmented tropical landscapes limits the rate and character of ecological succession between forest remnants. In a novel experiment in recovery of dispersal between forest remnants, 120 1-m2 seed traps were placed in fenced plots in active pasture 90–250 m from forest, and in nearby primary and secondary forests. Total seed rain from December 2006 to January 2008 included 69 135 seeds of 57 woody species. High richness of seed rain of early-successional trees occurred in all habitats, but seed rain of late-successional woody plants was much lower into pastures and secondary forest than into old-growth forest. Non-metric ordination analysis further demonstrated high movement of late-successional species within and between forest and secondary forest, but little movement of species of either forest type to pastures. Most species were dispersed by animals, but most seeds were dispersed by wind. A pattern of seed rain biased strongly towards wind-dispersed species creates a template for regeneration quite unlike that in nearby forest.

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Nicholas, Brokaw. "The ecology of trees in the tropical rain forest." Journal of Vegetation Science 15, no. 2 (2004): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1658/1100-9233(2004)015[0294:br]2.0.co;2.

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12

van Ingen, Laura T., Ricardo I. Campos, and Alan N. Andersen. "Ant community structure along an extended rain forest–savanna gradient in tropical Australia." Journal of Tropical Ecology 24, no. 4 (July 2008): 445–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467408005166.

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AbstractIn mixed tropical landscapes, savanna and rain-forest vegetation often support contrasting biotas, and this is the case for ant communities in tropical Australia. Such a contrast is especially pronounced in monsoonal north-western Australia, where boundaries between rain forest and savanna are often extremely abrupt. However, in the humid tropics of north-eastern Queensland there is often an extended gradient between rain forest and savanna through eucalypt-dominated tall open forest. It is not known if ant community structure varies continuously along this gradient, or, if there is a major disjunction, where it occurs. We address this issue by sampling ants at ten sites distributed along a 6-km environmental gradient from rain forest to savanna, encompassing the crest and slopes of Mt. Lewis in North Queensland. Sampling was conducted using ground and baited arboreal pitfall traps, and yielded a total of 95 ant species. Mean trap species richness was identical in rain forest and rain-forest regrowth, somewhat higher in tall open forest, and twice as high again in savanna woodland. The great majority (78%) of the 58 species from savanna woodland were recorded only in this habitat type. MDS ordination of sites based on ant species composition showed a continuum from rain forest through rain-forest regrowth to tall open forest, and then a discontinuity between these habitat types and savanna woodland. These findings indicate that the contrast between rain forest and savanna ant communities in tropical Australia is an extreme manifestation of a broader forest-savanna disjunction.

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13

Goodland, Robert J. A. "Tropical rain forest: Disturbance and recovery." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 8, no. 2 (February 1993): 72–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(93)90167-n.

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Laurance, William F., Judy M. Rankin-de Merona, Ana Andrade, Susan G. Laurance, Sammya D'Angelo, Thomas E. Lovejoy, and Heraldo L. Vasconcelos. "Rain-forest fragmentation and the phenology of Amazonian tree communities." Journal of Tropical Ecology 19, no. 3 (April 28, 2003): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467403003389.

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Habitat fragmentation affects the ecology of tropical rain forests in many ways, such as reducing species diversity of many taxa (Laurance et al. 2002, Lovejoy et al. 1986) and increasing rates of tree mortality and canopy-gap formation near forest edges (Laurance et al. 1997, 1998, 2001). Such obvious alterations have been documented in many fragmented forests, but more subtle changes, such as those affecting plant phenology (the timing and frequency of flower, fruit and leaf production), have received far less attention. Adler & Kiepinski (2000) showed that different populations of the successional tree Spondias mombin on small man-made islands in Panama had highly synchronous flowering and fruiting. In montane forests in Colombia, Restrepo et al. (1999) demonstrated that under-storey fruit abundance was consistently increased over time near forest edges relative to forest interiors. Beyond these and a few other studies (Ackerly et al. 1990, Nason & Hamrick 1997), however, the effects of fragmentation on plant phenology have been inadequately assessed, especially in the tropics.

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15

Martin, K. C., and W. J. Freeland. "Herpetofauna of a northern Australian monsoon rain forest: seasonal changes and relationships to adjacent habitats." Journal of Tropical Ecology 4, no. 3 (August 1988): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400002790.

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ABSTRACTThe herpetofauna of a floodplain monsoon rain forest in northern Australia is composed primarily of species from non rain forest habitats. The majority of frog species use rain forest as a seasonal refuge, and there is a marked increase in numbers during the dry season. Faunal richness lies within limits expected on the basis of the length of the dry season and species richnesses of non-Australian faunas. There are few lizard species and an abundance of frog species (none of which is a rain forest specialist) in comparison to rain forest herpetofaunas in other tropical regions. The impoverished lizard fauna, and the paucity of rain forest specialists may be because (a) seasonal invasion of rain forest by frogs prevents evolution of, or colonization by, specialists or (b) rain forest specialists may not have been able to cross semiarid habitats separating the Northern Territory from eastern Australian rain forests. The herpetofaunas of monsoon forests in Cape York Peninsula may provide a means of distinguishing between these hypotheses.

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Wulandari, Astri Dwi, Tutik Indrawati, Fitrahyanti Fiqqi Maghfirah, Eka Kartika Arum Puspita Sari, Shifa Fauziyah, and Rosmanida Rosmanida. "Diversity of Soil Macro Insect in Alas Purwo National Park, Banyuwangi, East Java, Indonesia." Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology 3, no. 2 (September 25, 2018): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.33773.

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Indonesia is the second largest mega biodiversity of the world. One of the forest resources are soil insects. Soil insects improved the soil physical properties, added organic material content, and used as bio-indicator of environmental conditions of conservation areas, forests, or mountains. The aim of this research was to get information about the diversity, dominance, and similarity index of soil macro insect in Alas Purwo National Park, Banyuwangi, East Java, Indonesia in 2017. Locations were selected based on purposive random sampling considering 2 habitat types; coastal forest path and tropical rain forest path. The method of this research was used pitfall trap. Insects were identified at Laboratory of Ecology, Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya. The results showed that the diversity index of soil insects in the coastal forest path was 1.611 and in path of tropical rain forest was 0.855. It means that the diversity of soil macro insect in coastal forest path were medium and in path of tropical rain forest was low. The Dominancy index of coastal forest path was 0.334 and in path of tropical rain forest was 0.433. It means that the community was stable, there was no species domination. The similarity index of soil insects in both paths have a 58.8%, was a unity of the same community.

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17

Grubb, P. J., and F. B. Golley. "Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystems. Structure and Function." Journal of Ecology 73, no. 2 (July 1985): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2260511.

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18

van der Velden, Nic, J. W. Ferry Slik, Yue-Hua Hu, Guoyu Lan, Luxian Lin, XiaoBao Deng, and Lourens Poorter. "Monodominance of Parashorea chinensis on fertile soils in a Chinese tropical rain forest." Journal of Tropical Ecology 30, no. 4 (June 23, 2014): 311–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467414000212.

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Abstract:Monodominance in the tropics is often seen as an unusual phenomenon due to the normally high diversity in tropical rain forests. Here we studied Parashorea chinensis H. Wang (Dipterocarpaceae) in a seasonal tropical forest in south-west China, to elucidate the mechanisms behind its monodominance. Twenty-eight 20 × 20-m plots were established in monodominant and mixed forest in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan province. All individuals ≥1 cm stem diameter and 16 soil variables were measured. Parashorea chinensis forest had a significantly higher mean tree dbh compared with mixed forest. Diversity did not differ significantly between the two forest types. However, within monodominant patches, all diversity indices decreased with an increase in P. chinensis dominance. Floristic composition of P. chinensis forest did differ significantly from the mixed forest. These differences were associated with more fertile soils (significantly higher pH, Mn, K and lower carbon pools and C:N ratio) in the P. chinensis forest than the mixed forest. In contrast to current paradigms, this monodominant species is not associated with infertile, but with fertile soils. Parashorea chinensis seems to be especially associated with high manganese concentrations which it can tolerate, and with edaphic conditions (water, K) that allow this tall and exposed emergent species to maintain its water balance. This is in contrast with most previous studies on monodominance in the tropics that found either no effect of soil properties, or predict associations with nutrient-poor soils.

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19

Vieira, Simone, Plinio Barbosa de Camargo, Diogo Selhorst, Roseana da Silva, Lucy Hutyra, Jeffrey Q. Chambers, I. Foster Brown, et al. "Forest structure and carbon dynamics in Amazonian tropical rain forests." Oecologia 140, no. 3 (June 17, 2004): 468–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-004-1598-z.

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20

Monterrubio-Rico, Tiberio C., Juan F. Charre-Medellín, Marco Z. Pérez-Martínez, and Eduardo Mendoza. "Use of remote cameras to evaluate ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) population parameters in seasonal tropical dry forests of central-western Mexico." Mammalia 82, no. 2 (February 23, 2018): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2016-0114.

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AbstractThe ocelot is one of the most studied felid species in the neotropics yet most of our current knowledge comes from tropical rain forests and protected areas. Therefore, we lack a comprehensive understanding on how the species abundance varies in terms of ecological parameters across its full distribution range. This is particularly true for the species population in the Northern Hemisphere, as data of ocelot populations occurring in tropical dry forests are scarce. In this study, we focused on: a) generating population data (density and sex ratios), based on camera-trapping, for ocelot occurring in the vast and understudied tropical dry forest of the western Pacific of Mexico. b) Comparing the variation in species abundance and density across its distribution range, including a larger set of studies from the Northern Hemisphere, contrasting parameters between rain forests and tropical seasonal ecosystems and re-examining the assumed relationship between precipitation and ocelot abundance. Overall, we identified 17 ocelots in our study sites and estimated an average density of 23.7 individuals (ind) per 100 km2with a female to male ratio >1. No significant differences in ocelot density was found between seasonal tropical forests and rain forests studies (Wilcoxon test, W=71, p=0.7675). Moreover, we found no support for the relation between ocelot density and precipitation (only when restricting our analysis to rain forest data the fit of the regression model was close to be significant, R2=0.2463, p=0.07107). Our results indicate that tropical seasonal ecosystems and dry forest in particular, may present ocelot population with similar levels of abundance than tropical rain forests. We observed that precipitation is a poor predictor of ocelot abundance. In our study, we observed that overall local ecological factors (e.g. prey abundance and interspecific interactions) influenced the spatial and temporal abundance of ocelots.

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J. Metcalfe, D., and A. J. Ford. "A Re-evaluation of Queensland?s Wet Tropics based on ?Primitive? Plants." Pacific Conservation Biology 15, no. 2 (2009): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc090080.

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The diversity of angiosperms in primitive families, which occur in the Wet Tropics of Queensland, is frequently cited as evidence of the ancient nature of the Australian rain forests, but appears to be based on flawed taxonomic assumptions. We point out the error of identifying species as being primitive rather than representing families with ancient origins, list the families from near-basal lineages using a current molecular phylogeny, and compare their diversity with other areas of rain forest in Australia, and with other tropical areas in the Pacific. Twenty-eight dicot families below the eudicot clade may be regarded as near-basal; 16 of these are present in rain forest habitat in the Wet Tropics. The diversity of near-basal families, and of the species and endemics within these families, is similar in New Caledonia, and the family diversity similar to Costa Rica. We suggest that these data are consistent with other evidence that rain forest has persisted on the Australian continent for a long time, and that the role of Australian rain forests in harbouring a significant near-basal component has been underestimated. We also suggest that ongoing management might be focussed at conserving the evolutionary history present in the near-basal lineages, especially in the face of changing climatic patterns.

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Turner, Bryan, D. P. Reagan, and R. B. Waide. "The Food Web of a Tropical Rain Forest." Journal of Ecology 85, no. 3 (June 1997): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2960520.

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23

Snow, Neil, B. P. M. Hyland, T. Whiffin, D. C. Christophel, B. Gray, R. W. Elick, and A. J. Ford. "Australian Tropical Rain Forest Trees and Shrubs." Systematic Botany 24, no. 3 (July 1999): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2419704.

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24

Schmid, Rudolf. "Fruits of the Rain Forest: A Guide to Fruits in Australian Tropical Rain Forests." Taxon 44, no. 4 (November 1995): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1223525.

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25

Banfai, Daniel S., and David M. J. S. Bowman. "Drivers of rain-forest boundary dynamics in Kakadu National Park, northern Australia: a field assessment." Journal of Tropical Ecology 23, no. 1 (January 2007): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467406003701.

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Understanding the causes of savanna–forest dynamics is vital as small but widespread changes in the extent of tropical forests can have major impacts on global climate, biodiversity and human well-being. Comparison of aerial photographs for 50 rain-forest patches in Kakadu National Park had previously revealed a landscape-wide monotonic expansion of rain-forest boundaries between 1964 and 2004. Here floristic, structural, environmental and disturbance attributes of the changes were investigated by sampling 588 plots across 30 rain-forest patches. Areas that had changed from savanna to rain forest were associated with a significantly higher abundance of rain-forest trees and less grasses, relative to stable savanna areas. Ordination analyses showed that overall floristic composition was not significantly different between newly established rain forest and longer established rain forest. Generalized linear models also indicated that contemporary levels of disturbance (fire and feral animal impact) and environmental variables (slope and soil texture) were poor predictors of historical vegetation change. We concluded that (1) the rain-forest boundaries are highly dynamic at the decadal scale; (2) rain-forest expansion is consistent with having been driven by global environmental change phenomena such as increases in rainfall and atmospheric CO2; and (3) expansion will continue if current climatic trends and management conditions persist.

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Rompaey, Renaat. "New Perspectives on Tropical Rain Forest Vegetation Ecology in West Africa:." IDS Bulletin 33, no. 1 (January 2002): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.2002.tb00004.x.

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27

Willson, Mary F., and F. H. J. Crome. "Patterns of seed rain at the edge of a tropical Queensland rain forest." Journal of Tropical Ecology 5, no. 3 (August 1989): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400003680.

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ABSTRACTBoth vertebrate- and wind-dispersed seeds moved farther from rain forest into old field than from old field into forest. Vertebrate-dispersed seeds from the rain forest moved farther into the field than wind-dispersed seeds, but seeds of both types moved similar distances from field into forest.Habitat structure affected seed deposition patterns in the field, where shrubs provided perches for flying vertebrates. Vertebrate-dispersed seed deposition was significantly greater, and deposition of plumed, wind-dispersed seeds was significantly less, under shrubs than in the open. Deposition of vertebrate-dispersed seeds under fruiting shrubs was significantly less than under non-fruiting shrubs.

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Alvarez-Sanchez, Javier, and Rosalba Becerra Enriquez. "Leaf Decomposition in a Mexican Tropical Rain Forest." Biotropica 28, no. 4 (December 1996): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2389052.

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29

Tanner, Edmund. "Tropical rain forest ecosystems: Biogeographical and ecological studies." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 5, no. 11 (November 1990): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(90)90107-o.

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Martínez-Ramos, Miguel, and Elena Álvarez-Buylla. "Ecología de las poblaciones de plantas en una selva húmeda de México." Botanical Sciences, no. 56 (April 26, 2017): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.1469.

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This paper reviewing plant population ecology studies that have done in Mexican tropical rain forests, particularly at the Los Tuxtlas Tropical Field Station (UNAM). The review considers next topics: (i) population structure and demographic patterns, (ii) population dynamics, (iii) life-history evolution, and (iv) the importance of demography and genetics for conservation and management of tropical rain forest plant products. The studies show an important advance in the description of patterns, in the analysis of population dynamics, and in the detection of some key demographic elements that can be important for forest conservation and management. However, the understanding of causes that originate such patterns and dynamics is yet poor. The studies have focused mainly on abundant arboreal plant species; other plant life-forms and rare species have received virtually null attention. After pointing out conclusions gained from our review, we propose some perspectives for future research.

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31

Ichie, Tomoaki, Toru Hiromi, Reiji Yoneda, Koichi Kamiya, Masao Kohira, Ikuo Ninomiya, and Kazuhiko Ogino. "Short-term drought causes synchronous leaf shedding and flushing in a lowland mixed dipterocarp forest, Sarawak, Malaysia." Journal of Tropical Ecology 20, no. 6 (October 14, 2004): 697–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467404001713.

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Tropical rain forests are evergreen and experience a climate suitable for plant growth year round (Whitmore 1998). However, most tropical rain-forest trees display periodic shoot growth (Borchert 1991) and show synchronous leaf flushing at the community level (Itioka & Yamauti in press, Medway 1972, Ng 1981). Synchronous leaf flushing may have a great impact on animal population such as herbivores, because young leaves are suitable food resources for many herbivores (Aide 1988, 1992; Coley 1983, Itioka & Yamauti 2004, Lowman 1985).

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32

Osunkoya, Olusegun O., Julian E. Ash, Andrew W. Graham, and Mike S. Hopkins. "Growth of tree seedlings in tropical rain forests of North Queensland, Australia." Journal of Tropical Ecology 9, no. 1 (February 1993): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400006891.

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ABSTRACTThe effects of forest habitat, canopy light condition, vertebrate herbivory and species mean seed size on growth of tree seedlings were evaluated for six widely different species of North Queensland tropical rain forests. Two forest localities differing in size and rainfall intensity were used for the trial. In each forest, seedlings were transplanted three weeks after germination into small to medium-sized canopy gaps and into the forest interiors, with half protected by cages and the other half unprotected. Growth measurements were made over a period of 16 months. All growth parameters examined differed significantly between the six species. At the end of the study period, for most species, forest site and protection from vertebrates did not affect seedling biomass. For all species, growth was higher in gaps than in forest interior, but most biomass allocation patterns did not differ between the two habitats. This was attributed to the small difference in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) levels between the two habitats (interior, 0.48–2.53% PAR; gap, 3.58–7.09% PAR). Between species, seedling growth in the forest interior and sensitivity to increasing light were significantly correlated with initial mean seed size. The growth ability of the six species in and out of canopy gaps is discussed in terms of regeneration status of forest tree species.

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Parsons, Scott A., and Robert A. Congdon. "Plant litter decomposition and nutrient cycling in north Queensland tropical rain-forest communities of differing successional status." Journal of Tropical Ecology 24, no. 3 (May 2008): 317–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467408004963.

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Abstract:Soil processes are essential in enabling forest regeneration in disturbed landscapes. Little is known about whether litterfall from dominating pioneer species in secondary rain forest is functionally equivalent to that of mixed rain-forest litter in terms of contribution to soil processes. This study used the litterbag technique to quantify the decomposition and nutrient dynamics of leaf litter characteristic of three wet tropical forest communities in the Paluma Range National Park, Queensland, Australia over 511 d. These were: undisturbed primary rain forest (mixed rain-forest species), selectively logged secondary rain forest (pioneer Alphitonia petriei) and tall open eucalypt forest (Eucalyptus grandis). Mass loss, total N, total P, K, Ca and Mg dynamics of the decaying leaves were determined, and different mathematical models were used to explain the mass loss data. Rainfall and temperature data were also collected from each site. The leaves of A. petriei and E. grandis both decomposed significantly slower in situ than the mixed rain-forest species (39%, 38% and 29% ash-free dry mass remaining respectively). Nitrogen and phosphorus were immobilized, with 182% N and 134% P remaining in E. grandis, 127% N and 132% P remaining in A. petriei and 168% N and 121% P remaining in the mixed rain-forest species. The initial lignin:P ratio and initial lignin:N ratio exerted significant controls on decomposition rates. The exceptionally slow decomposition of the pioneer species is likely to limit soil processes at disturbed tropical rain-forest sites in Australia.

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Struhsaker, Thomas T. "Polyspecific Associations among Tropical Rain-forest Primates." Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 57, no. 3-4 (April 26, 2010): 268–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1981.tb01928.x.

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Witte, Volker, and Ulrich Maschwitz. "Mushroom harvesting ants in the tropical rain forest." Naturwissenschaften 95, no. 11 (July 17, 2008): 1049–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-008-0421-9.

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36

Vokurková, Jana, Francis N. Motombi, Michal Ferenc, David Hořák, and Ondřej Sedláček. "Seasonality of vocal activity of a bird community in an Afrotropical lowland rain forest." Journal of Tropical Ecology 34, no. 1 (January 2018): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467418000056.

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Abstract:Recent observations from the tropics indicate seasonal peaks in breeding and vocal activity of some bird species. However, information about seasonality in vocal activity at the community level is still lacking in the tropics. We examined seasonal variation in the diurnal vocal activity of lowland rain forest birds on Mount Cameroon, using weekly automatic sound recording throughout the whole year and related it to rainfall and temperature. We show that the bird community in lowland rain forest vocalized year-round, but species richness as well as the vocal activity of the community varied greatly during the year. This variation coincided with the seasonality of rainfall. The highest number of species (31.5 on average) sang at the beginning of the driest period, followed by a gradual decrease in singing with increasing rainfall (minimum 14.5 species). This indicates that intensive rainfall indirectly limits the vocal activity of the tropical rain-forest bird community. Temporal turnover of vocalizing species as well as within-day variation in vocal activity was highest during the transition period between dry and rainy seasons. We suggest that this could reflect differing timing in the breeding activity of particular feeding guilds to follow seasonal peaks of their diets.

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37

Basnet, K. "Recovery of a tropical rain forest after hurricane damage." Vegetatio 109, no. 1 (September 1993): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00149540.

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García de León, David, Lena Neuenkamp, Mari Moora, Maarja Öpik, John Davison, Clara Patricia Peña-Venegas, Martti Vasar, Teele Jairus, and Martin Zobel. "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in tropical rain forest are resilient to slash-and-burn agriculture." Journal of Tropical Ecology 34, no. 3 (May 2018): 186–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467418000184.

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Abstract:Certain forestry and agricultural practices are known to affect arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities, but the effects of deforestation – including slash-and-burn management and other more severe disturbances – in tropical rain forests are poorly understood. We addressed the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on rain-forest AM fungal communities in French Guiana, by comparing mature tropical rain forest, slash-and-burn (5 y old) and clearcut areas (8 y old). A total of 36 soil samples were collected in six plots and sequenced using a high throughput 454-pyrosequencing platform. A total of 32649 sequences from 103 AM fungal virtual taxa (VT) were recorded. Whereas alpha diversity of AM fungi did not decrease due to land-use intensification, with average richness ranging from 17 to 21 taxa per plot, beta diversity (average distance to multivariate centroid) dropped by 28% from 0.46 in rain forest to 0.33 under clearcutting. AM fungal community composition was correlated with land use and soil chemical properties. Clearcut areas were characterized by the more frequent occurrence of specialist AM fungi, compared with mature forest or slash-and-burn areas. Specifically, clearcuts contained the highest proportions of VT that were geographic (21%), habitat (31%), abundance (97%) or host (97%) specialists based on VT metadata contained in the MaarjAM database. This suggests that certain AM fungi with narrow ecological niches have traits that allow them to exploit conditions of severe disturbance. In conclusion, slash-and-burn management appears to allow diverse AM fungal communities to persist, and may favour regeneration of tropical rain forest after abandonment. More severe disturbance in the form of clearcutting resulted in marked changes in AM fungal communities.

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39

Whittaker, Robert J., and P. W. Richards. "The Tropical Rain Forest: An Ecological Study, 2nd edn." Journal of Ecology 84, no. 5 (October 1996): 791. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2261345.

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40

Lawton, Robert O. "Canopy gaps and light penetration into a wind-exposed tropical lower montane rain forest." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 5 (May 1, 1990): 659–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-088.

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Penetration of light into the understory of tropical lower montane rain forests at Monteverde, Costa Rica, depends largely on the nature of canopy disruption by limb fall and tree fall. Midday photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) above the forest canopy are low because of cloud cover (modal values are 400–500 μmol•m−2•s−1; daily integrations are 19 mol•m−2). The proportion of above-canopy PPFD that penetrates to the understory is greater in the elfin forests on wind-exposed ridge crests than in taller cloud forests in protected ravines (39 and 54% of understory locations receive <2% PPFD, respectively). PPFD is higher, and its vertical gradients steeper, in elfin forest gaps than in gaps of the same area in the taller forest. Gaps may or may not influence PPFD in adjacent forest understory, depending on vegetation structure on the gap periphery. In the taller cloud forest, understory PPFD is not correlated with distance to the nearest gap, but in the elfin forest it is (r = −0.467). This variation in the light environment is an integral part of disturbance and regrowth in these forests and seems to have played a major role in the evolution of tree growth strategies.

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Smith, Kimberly G., Douglas P. Reagan, and Robert B. Waide. "The Food Web of a Tropical Rain Forest." Condor 99, no. 4 (November 1997): 1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1370165.

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Mawdsley, Nick, D. P. Reagan, and R. B. Waide. "The Food Web of a Tropical Rain Forest." Journal of Animal Ecology 66, no. 4 (July 1997): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/5955.

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43

Cherrett, J. M. "The food web of a tropical rain forest." Biological Conservation 86, no. 1 (October 1998): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(97)00182-1.

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Benitez-Malvido, Julieta. "Impact of Forest Fragmentation on Seedling Abundance in a Tropical Rain Forest." Conservation Biology 12, no. 2 (July 7, 2008): 380–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.1998.96295.x.

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Benitez-Malvido, Julieta. "Impact of Forest Fragmentation on Seedling Abundance in a Tropical Rain Forest." Conservation Biology 12, no. 2 (April 26, 1998): 380–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1998.96295.x.

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Trajano, Eleonora. "Cave Faunas in the Atlantic Tropical Rain Forest: Composition, Ecology, and Conservation1." BIOTROPICA 32, no. 4 (2000): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.1646/0006-3606(2000)032[0882:cfitat]2.0.co;2.

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Trajano, Eleonora. "Cave Faunas in the Atlantic Tropical Rain Forest: Composition, Ecology, and Conservation1." Biotropica 32, no. 4b (December 2000): 882–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2000.tb00626.x.

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Swaine, M. D. "How to be a tree in a tropical rain forest." Journal of Biogeography 30, no. 5 (May 2003): 803–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00905.x.

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Denslow, Julie Sloan, and Ana E. Gomez Diaz. "Seed rain to tree-fall gaps in a Neotropical rain forest." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 5 (May 1, 1990): 642–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-086.

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We monitored both the seed rain and fruit production in the vicinity of four recent tree-fall gaps in the old-growth forest at the La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. Seeds were collected in trays of seed-sterilized soil distributed throughout the center of the gaps and left in place for 2 months; seeds were identified from seedlings that subsequently germinated from the soil samples in the shade house. Composition and density of seeds germinating from the trays were spatially and temporally variable, obscuring any phenological pattern in either species diversity or abundances of seedfall. However, rates of seed input (49 seeds/(m2•month)) were higher than previous estimates (0.5–5 seeds/(m•month)), which suggests a high turnover rate of soil seed stocks in forest species with short dormancy capacities. A small proportion of the seeds were from pioneer species (2–33%), which were nevertheless likely dispersed from second-growth vegetation at least 750 m from the gaps. Most of the species were animal dispersed and only 35% of the species and 19–55% of the seeds recovered from the seed trays likely originated from plants fruiting within 50 m of the gap. These data demonstrate the input of a copious and diverse seedfall from widely scattered sources within lowland tropical rain forests.

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Clark, Deborah A., and David B. Clark. "ASSESSING THE GROWTH OF TROPICAL RAIN FOREST TREES: ISSUES FOR FOREST MODELING AND MANAGEMENT." Ecological Applications 9, no. 3 (August 1999): 981–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(1999)009[0981:atgotr]2.0.co;2.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Tropical rain forest ecology'

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