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Journal articles on the topic 'Trophic Magnification Factor'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Zhang, Wenfeng, Weixiong Huang, Xiao Chen, Xingfen Yang, and Xiaoguang Yang. "Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope evidence for the low biomagnification of mercury in marine fish from the South China Sea." Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 8 (2020): 1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf19069.

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The low biomagnification of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in commercially important marine fish from the south coast of China has been demonstrated through the analysis of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes. In this study, levels of THg, MeHg and stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios were determined. Stable isotope signatures of carbon and nitrogen (13C/12C, 15N/14N) were used to trace the carbon flow and reconstruct trophic interactions. Levels of THg and MeHg in fish muscle samples were <220ngg–1. The trophic levels of sampled fish ranged from 2.31 to 5.03. The trophic magnification slopes were ~0.1 for both THg and MeHg, whereas the trophic magnification factor showed that the average biomagnification of THg and MeHg per trophic level was 3.02 and 2.87ngHgg–1 respectively along fish food chains, indicating low biomagnification potential of these mercury species. The low concentrations of MeHg and low biomagnification of mercury in marine fish may result from the trophic levels and habitats of these fish.

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2

Khoshnamvand, Mehdi, Almasieh Almasieh, and Shahram Kaboodvandpour. "Assessment of Mercury Accumulation and Magnification in a Freshwater Food Chain: Sediment, Benthos and Benthivorous Fish." Iranian Journal of Toxicology 12, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ijt.12.5.545.1.

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Background: Present study was conducted to measure the level of total mercury (tHg) in sediments, benthos and benthivorous fish (i.e., common carp) for determining Biota (Benthos)-Sediment Accumulation Factor (BSAF), as well as Biomagnification Factor (BMF) of tHg between two trophic levels of benthos and benthivorous fish caught from Sanandaj Gheshlagh Reservoir (SGR) in the west of Iran. Methods: Samples of sediments and benthos biomasses were collected from three sampling stations. Common carps were captured around the selected stations during July to December 2010. Results: Means accumulated tHg (±SE) in sediments, benthos masses and muscle tissue of common carp were 117.66±9.72, 94.3±5.02 and 233.21±20.67 ng g-1 dry weight, respectively. Means accumulated tHg in benthos masses and muscle tissue of the common carp during the studying months showed no significant differences (P>0.05), while it was significantly differed in sediment samples (P<0.05). Results showed that there were statistically significant differences between accumulated tHg between sediment and benthos mass samples collected from the study sites (P<0.05). Conclusion: During the study, all calculated BSAF measurements were less than one, indicating transmission of mercury from sediment to benthos was not considerable. However, mercury BMFs was higher than one, denoting mercury biomagnification occurred from the benthos trophic level to the higher trophic level (i.e., common carp) in study site. Hence, the health considerations have to be taken in to the account for consumption of fishery products of SGR.

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3

McLeod, Anne M., Jon A. Arnot, Katrine Borgå, Henriette Selck, Donna R. Kashian, Ann Krause, Gord Paterson, G. Doug Haffner, and Ken G. Drouillard. "Quantifying uncertainty in the trophic magnification factor related to spatial movements of organisms in a food web." Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 11, no. 2 (January 6, 2015): 306–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ieam.1599.

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4

Ek, Caroline, Agnes M. L. Karlson, Sture Hansson, Andrius Garbaras, and Elena Gorokhova. "Stable Isotope Composition in Daphnia Is Modulated by Growth, Temperature, and Toxic Exposure: Implications for Trophic Magnification Factor Assessment." Environmental Science & Technology 49, no. 11 (May 6, 2015): 6934–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b00270.

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5

Hallanger, Ingeborg G., Nicholas A. Warner, Anders Ruus, Anita Evenset, Guttorm Christensen, Dorte Herzke, Geir W. Gabrielsen, and Katrine Borgå. "Seasonality in contaminant accumulation in Arctic marine pelagic food webs using trophic magnification factor as a measure of bioaccumulation." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 30, no. 5 (March 18, 2011): 1026–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.488.

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6

Starrfelt, Jostein, Katrine Borgå, Anders Ruus, and Eirik Fjeld. "Estimating Trophic Levels and Trophic Magnification Factors Using Bayesian Inference." Environmental Science & Technology 47, no. 20 (September 30, 2013): 11599–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es401231e.

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7

Li, Bei, Juanheng Wang, Guocheng Hu, Xiaolin Liu, Yunjiang Yu, Dan Cai, Ping Ding, Xin Li, Lijuan Zhang, and Chongdan Xiang. "Bioaccumulation Behavior and Human Health Risk of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in a Freshwater Food Web of Typical Shallow Lake, Yangtze River Delta." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (February 2, 2023): 2671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032671.

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Background: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been commonly found in aquatic ecosystems. Many studies have elucidated the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of PBDEs in seas and lakes, yet few have comprehensively evaluated the bioaccumulation, biomagnification, and health risks of PBDEs in shallow lakes, and there is still limited knowledge of the overall effects of biomagnification and the health risks to aquatic organisms. Methods: In this study, a total of 154 samples of wild aquatic organism and environmental samples were collected from typical shallow lakes located in the Yangtze River Delta in January 2020. The concentrations of PBDEs were determined by an Agilent 7890 gas chromatograph coupled and an Agilent 5795 mass spectrometer (GC/MS) and the bioaccumulation behavior of PBDEs was evaluated in 23 aquatic organisms collected from typical shallow lakes of the Yangtze River Delta. Furthermore, their effects on human health were evaluated by the estimated daily intake (EDI), noncarcinogenic risk, and carcinogenic risk. Results: The concentrations of ΣPBDE (defined as the sum of BDE-28, -47, -100, -99, -153, -154, -183, and -209) in biota samples ranged from 2.36 to 85.81 ng/g lipid weight. BDE-209, BDE-153 and BDE-47 were the major PBDE congeners. The factors affecting the concentration of PBDEs in aquatic organisms included dietary habits, species, and the metabolic debromination ability of the PBDE congeners. BDE-209 and BDE-47 were the strongest bioaccumulative PBDE congeners in aquatic organisms. Additionally, except for BDE-99, BDE-153 and BDE-154, the trophic magnification factor (TMF) values of PBDE congeners were significantly higher than 1. Moreover, the log Kow played a significant role in the biomagnification ability of PBDE congeners. The noncarcinogenic risk of PBDE congeners and carcinogenic risk of BDE-209 from aquatic products were lower than the thresholds. Conclusions: PBDE congeners were bioaccumulated and biomagnified to varying degrees in aquatic organisms from typical shallow lakes. Both the noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks assessment of edible aquatic products indicated that none of the PBDE congeners pose health risks to the localite. This study will provide a basis for a comprehensive assessment of PBDEs in aquatic ecosystems in shallow lakes and for environmental prevention measures for decision-makers.

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8

Borgå, Katrine, Karen A. Kidd, Derek CG Muir, Olof Berglund, Jason M. Conder, Frank APC Gobas, John Kucklick, Olaf Malm, and David E. Powell. "Trophic magnification factors: Considerations of ecology, ecosystems, and study design." Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 8, no. 1 (August 26, 2011): 64–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ieam.244.

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9

Burkhard, Lawrence P., Katrine Borgå, David E. Powell, Pim Leonards, Derek C. G. Muir, Thomas F. Parkerton, and Kent B. Woodburn. "Improving the Quality and Scientific Understanding of Trophic Magnification Factors (TMFs)." Environmental Science & Technology 47, no. 3 (February 5, 2013): 1186–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es305253r.

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10

Du, Bowen, Samuel P. Haddad, Andreas Luek, W. Casan Scott, Gavin N. Saari, Lauren A. Kristofco, Kristin A. Connors, et al. "Bioaccumulation and trophic dilution of human pharmaceuticals across trophic positions of an effluent-dependent wadeable stream." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369, no. 1656 (November 19, 2014): 20140058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0058.

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Though pharmaceuticals are increasingly observed in a variety of organisms from coastal and inland aquatic systems, trophic transfer of pharmaceuticals in aquatic food webs have not been reported. In this study, bioaccumulation of select pharmaceuticals was investigated in a lower order effluent-dependent stream in central Texas, USA, using isotope dilution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (MS). A fish plasma model, initially developed from laboratory studies, was tested to examine observed versus predicted internal dose of select pharmaceuticals. Pharmaceuticals accumulated to higher concentrations in invertebrates relative to fish; elevated concentrations of the antidepressant sertraline and its primary metabolite desmethylsertraline were observed in the Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea , and two unionid mussel species. Trophic positions were determined from stable isotopes (δ 15 N and δ 13 C) collected by isotope ratio-MS; a Bayesian mixing model was then used to estimate diet contributions towards top fish predators. Because diphenhydramine and carbamazepine were the only target compounds detected in all species examined, trophic magnification factors (TMFs) were derived to evaluate potential trophic transfer of both compounds. TMFs for diphenhydramine (0.38) and carbamazepine (1.17) indicated neither compound experienced trophic magnification, which suggests that inhalational and not dietary exposure represented the primary route of uptake by fish in this effluent-dependent stream.

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11

Conder, Jason M., Frank A. P. C. Gobas, Katrine Borgå, Derek C. G. Muir, and David E. Powell. "Use of trophic magnification factors and related measures to characterize bioaccumulation potential of chemicals." Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 8, no. 1 (August 1, 2011): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ieam.216.

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12

Kim, Jaeshin, Kent Woodburn, Katie Coady, Shihe Xu, Jeremy Durham, and Rita Seston. "Comment on “Bioaccumulation of Methyl Siloxanes in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and in an Estuarine Food Web in Northeastern China”." Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 78, no. 2 (December 14, 2019): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-019-00681-2.

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AbstractWe have reviewed a paper titled “Bioaccumulation of Methyl Siloxanes in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and in an Estuarine Food Web in Northeastern China” by Xue et al., which was published in the Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology in 2019. In the paper, the authors presented and discussed the measured bioconcentration factors (BCFs), biomagnification factors (BMFs), and trophic magnification factors (TMFs) of selected volatile methylsiloxanes in Shuangtaizi estuary in China. Although we appreciate their efforts for sample collection and data analysis, we have identified significant errors in calculations of BCFs, TMFs, and BMFs, as well as animal welfare issues and food web trophic level assumptions. Based on the data, we have attempted to correct some of the analysis and offered a more complete and robust interpretation of the related data, when possible. Collectively, these errors would likely lead to very different conclusions than yours in the paper.

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13

Won, Eun-Ji, Bohyung Choi, Chang Hwa Lee, Seongjin Hong, Jong-Hyeon Lee, and Kyung-Hoon Shin. "Variability of trophic magnification factors as an effect of estimated trophic position: Application of compound-specific nitrogen isotope analysis of amino acids." Environment International 135 (February 2020): 105361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.105361.

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14

Mazzoni, Michela, Claudia Ferrario, Roberta Bettinetti, Roberta Piscia, Davide Cicala, Pietro Volta, Katrine Borgå, Sara Valsecchi, and Stefano Polesello. "Trophic Magnification of Legacy (PCB, DDT and Hg) and Emerging Pollutants (PFAS) in the Fish Community of a Small Protected Southern Alpine Lake (Lake Mergozzo, Northern Italy)." Water 12, no. 6 (June 3, 2020): 1591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061591.

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The biomagnification of mercury, polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs) and perfluoroalkyl acids substances (PFASs) was evaluated in the trophic web of Lake Mergozzo, a small and deep Italian subalpine lake, which has been chosen because it is a protected environment, and discharges into the lake are mostly avoided. Carbon source and relative trophic levels were calculated by using 13C and 15N stable isotopes, respectively, and trophic magnification factors (TMFs) were derived. Zooplankton and thirteen species of fish were collected and analyzed, and the results showed the elevated level of biota contamination from both legacy and emerging pollutants, even if direct discharges were avoided. Concentrations in biota, expressed as sums of compounds, ranged from 0.4 to 60 µg kg−1 wet weight (ww) for PFASs, from 16 to 1.3 104 µg kg−1 lipid content (lw) for DDTs, from 17 to 1.5 104 µg kg−1 lw for PCBs and from 20.0 to 501 µg kg−1 ww for mercury (Hg). TMFs of this deep, cold lake, with a prevalent pelagic trophic chain, were high and clearly indicated fish biomagnification, except for PFAS. The biomagnification capability of PFAS in a fish-only food web was discussed by using the biomagnification of Hg as a benchmark for assessing their bioaccumulation potential.

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15

Burd, Brenda J., Christopher J. Lowe, and Carmen Morales-Caselles. "Uptake of PCBs into sediment dwellers and trophic transfer in relation to sediment conditions in the Salish Sea." FACETS 7 (January 1, 2022): 936–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2021-0032.

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We examined uptake of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) into various marine sediment feeders relative to physical and geochemical factors and transfer to higher trophic levels. PCBs exceeding Canadian Council Ministers of the Environment Guidelines by 6–55× were found in industrialized harbours and some near-outfall sediments, indicating ongoing land input. Sediment PCBs were correlated with organic flux and content. Tissue PCBs were >10× sediment PCBs in all samples and highest in Victoria Harbour infauna, suggesting considerable uptake from these extremely contaminated, organically enriched, chronically disturbed sediments. Sediment PCBs were the primary predictor of tissue lipid PCBs followed by %fines. This results in generally higher tissue PCBs in more depositional regions. The lipid/sediment PCBs (uptake rate) declined with increasing sediment PCBs, acid volatile sulfides and benthos biomass turnover. PCB homologue composition did not change with uptake from sediments or at higher trophic levels, suggesting minimal metabolization in tissues. Trophic bio-magnification occurs since lipid PCBs were 2–100× higher in seal blubber than sediment feeders. PCBs were compared with polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) for the same samples. PCBs were highest in industrialized harbours, whereas PBDEs were elevated in harbours but highest near wastewater discharges. This reflects differences in usage history, sediment dynamics, and affinities. PCBs appear to be more bio-accumulative and persistent at higher trophic levels than PBDEs.

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16

Borgå, Katrine, Eirik Fjeld, Amelie Kierkegaard, and Michael S. McLachlan. "Consistency in Trophic Magnification Factors of Cyclic Methyl Siloxanes in Pelagic Freshwater Food Webs Leading to Brown Trout." Environmental Science & Technology 47, no. 24 (November 26, 2013): 14394–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es404374j.

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17

Mackay, Donald, Alena K. D. Celsie, Jon A. Arnot, and David E. Powell. "Processes influencing chemical biomagnification and trophic magnification factors in aquatic ecosystems: Implications for chemical hazard and risk assessment." Chemosphere 154 (July 2016): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.048.

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18

Kidd, Karen A., Lawrence P. Burkhard, Marc Babut, Katrine Borgå, Derek CG Muir, Olivier Perceval, Heinz Ruedel, Kent Woodburn, and Michelle R. Embry. "Practical advice for selecting or determining trophic magnification factors for application under the European Union Water Framework Directive." Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 15, no. 2 (November 26, 2018): 266–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4102.

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19

Wang, Zhen, Yue Li, Fanlong Kong, Minghui Li, Min Xi, and Zhengda Yu. "How do trophic magnification factors (TMFs) and biomagnification factors (BMFs) perform on toxic pollutant bioaccumulation estimation in coastal and marine food webs." Regional Studies in Marine Science 44 (May 2021): 101797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2021.101797.

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20

Kim, Jaeshin, Frank A. P. C. Gobas, Jon A. Arnot, David E. Powell, Rita M. Seston, and Kent B. Woodburn. "Evaluating the roles of biotransformation, spatial concentration differences, organism home range, and field sampling design on trophic magnification factors." Science of The Total Environment 551-552 (May 2016): 438–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.013.

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21

Pérez-Fuentetaja, Alicia, Susan A. Mackintosh, Lisa R. Zimmerman, Mark D. Clapsadl, Mehran Alaee, and Diana S. Aga. "Trophic transfer of flame retardants (PBDEs) in the food web of Lake Erie." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 72, no. 12 (December 2015): 1886–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2015-0088.

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We studied the occurrence, bioaccumulation, and biomagnification of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in a mixed food web of native and non-native species in Lake Erie. Non-native species were found at the basal level of the web (dreissenid mussels), at the intermediate level (round gobies, rainbow smelt), and at the top predator rung (steelhead trout). Mean concentrations of total PBDEs in biota (wet mass) ranged from 1.03 ng·g–1 in dreissenid mussels to 31.5 ng·g–1 in walleye. Large piscivores (smallmouth bass, steelhead trout, walleye, and lake trout) had PBDE concentrations three to seven times higher than prey fish (emerald shiners, round gobies, rainbow smelt, and yellow perch). Walleye had the highest concentration of PBDEs among all of the fish species analyzed. BDE 47 was the dominant congener found in biota. Biomagnification factors (corrected for trophic level) indicated that total PBDEs were biomagnified in three fish species: rainbow smelt, smallmouth bass, and steelhead trout. Overall, BDEs 47 and 100 had the highest level of trophic magnification (TMF) from invertebrates to top predators. For fish species, the highest TMF was for BDEs 47 and 49+71. We found that dreissenid mussels and round gobies had the lowest PBDE contamination of the organisms analyzed; however, other non-native prey species such as rainbow smelt contributed significantly to the biomagnification of PBDEs.

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22

Franklin, James. "How reliable are field‐derived biomagnification factors and trophic magnification factors as indicators of bioaccumulation potential? Conclusions from a case study on per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances." Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 12, no. 1 (June 16, 2015): 6–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ieam.1642.

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23

Kobayashi, Jun, Miki Yoshimoto, Katsumasa Yamada, Kazumaro Okamura, and Takeo Sakurai. "Comparison of trophic magnification factors of PCBs and PBDEs in Tokyo Bay based on nitrogen isotope ratios in bulk nitrogen and amino acids." Chemosphere 226 (July 2019): 220–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.133.

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24

Fremlin, Katharine M., John E. Elliott, Pamela A. Martin, Tom Harner, Amandeep Saini, and Frank A. P. C. Gobas. "Fugacity-Based Trophic Magnification Factors Characterize Bioaccumulation of Cyclic Methyl Siloxanes within an Urban Terrestrial Avian Food Web: Importance of Organism Body Temperature and Composition." Environmental Science & Technology 55, no. 20 (September 30, 2021): 13932–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c04269.

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25

Zhang, Lulu, Yu Fu, Zejia Ju, Donghui Wen, Yu Zhao, and Jiansheng Cui. "The difference of trophic magnification factors of Quinolones antibiotics (QNs) between pelagic and benthic foodwebs in a shallow lake: importance of carbon and nitrogen sources." Journal of Hazardous Materials 427 (April 2022): 128209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128209.

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26

Rosati, Ginevra, Donata Canu, Paolo Lazzari, and Cosimo Solidoro. "Assessing the spatial and temporal variability of methylmercury biogeochemistry and bioaccumulation in the Mediterranean Sea with a coupled 3D model." Biogeosciences 19, no. 15 (August 5, 2022): 3663–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3663-2022.

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Abstract. Human exposure to mercury (Hg) is a cause of concern, due to the biomagnification of the neurotoxic species monomethylmercury (MMHg) in marine ecosystems. Previous research revealed that commercial fish species in the Mediterranean Sea ecosystems are particularly enriched in Hg, due to a combination of physical and ecological factors. Since the fate of Hg depends on the interactions among several biogeochemical and physical drivers, biogeochemical modeling is crucial to support the integration and interpretation of field data. Here, we develop and apply a coupled transport–biogeochemical–metal bioaccumulation numerical model (OGSTM–BFM–Hg) to simulate the biogeochemical cycling of the main Hg species (HgII, Hg0, MMHg, and DMHg) in seawater, organic detritus, and through the planktonic food web. The model is applied to a 3D domain of the Mediterranean Sea to investigate the spatial and temporal variability of methylmercury (MeHg) distribution and bioaccumulation and major uncertainties in Hg cycling. Model results reproduce the strong vertical and zonal gradients of MeHg concentrations related to primary production consistently with the observations and highlight the role of winter deep convection and summer water stratification in shaping the MeHg vertical distribution, including subsurface MeHg maximum. The modeled bioaccumulation dynamics in plankton food webs are characterized by a high spatial and temporal variability that is driven by plankton phenology and is consistent with available field data of Hg concentrations in plankton, as well as with other indicators, such as bioconcentration factors (BCFs) and trophic magnification factors (TMFs). Model results pointed out that the increment in water temperature linked to a decline of deep convection can cause an increase in water MeHg concentrations with cascading effects on plankton exposure and bioaccumulation.

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Santos, Gabrielle Diniz dos, Gil Dutra Furtado, and Cíntia Cleub Neves Batista. "CONTAMINATION BY HEAVY METALS AND ITS CONSEQUENCES: REFLECTIONS." ENVIRONMENTAL SMOKE 3, no. 1 (February 12, 2020): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.32435/envsmoke.202031101.

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Nowadays, the vast majority of aquatic bodies suffer some kind of anthropic influence due to the great expansion of urban areas and consequently industrial areas, with the pollution coming into such environments. One of the types of pollutants present in the environment are heavy metals, which are found naturally in water bodies due to the weathering of rocks and volcanic activities. The present work is of bibliographic nature, based on searches in the bibliography pertinent to the theme. It is possible to state that with anthropic intervention, such metals become common and are found in greater quantities in the environment in a free form. Thus, some of the most common sources of release of heavy metals into the environment are fertilizers, pesticides, coal and oil combustion, vehicular emissions, mining, smelting, refinement and incineration of urban and industrial waste. Thus making contamination of humans with heavy metals more and more common, one of the most common and easy forms of contamination is through food. The absorption of metals by animals can occur in two ways, bioaccumulation and biomagnification. The first occurs through the diffusion or ingestion of the dissolved metals in the water, which occur through the gills or the digestive tract and then lodges in the animals' tissues, so that the organism cannot absorb it, thus obtaining a bioaccumulative character. In the trophic biomagnification or magnification, the concentration of metals in the organism occurs gradually through the trophic levels. The transfer of contaminants through the food chain characterizes such a process that passes from producers to consumers and the longer the chain, the greater the concentration on the final consumer. Therefore, we can emphasize that the concentration and absorption content of such substances are relative and depend on several environmental and physiological factors that vary between species of beings. Metal poisoning can cause serious damage, such as low fertility, decreased immune defenses, reduced growth rate and pathologies that can lead to senescence. Metals can cause different problems in humans, most of which are of a motor nature, as they directly affect the central nervous system (CNS), and can cause memory loss, uncontrolled limb tremors, muscle atrophy, kidney injuries, among others.

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Kosfeld, Verena, Heinz Rüdel, Christian Schlechtriem, Caren Rauert, and Jan Koschorreck. "Food web on ice: a pragmatic approach to investigate the trophic magnification of chemicals of concern." Environmental Sciences Europe 33, no. 1 (August 16, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12302-021-00530-x.

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Abstract Background The trophic magnification factor (TMF) is a metric that describes the average trophic magnification of a chemical through a food web. TMFs may be used for the risk assessment of chemicals, although TMFs for single compounds can vary considerably between studies despite thorough guidance available in the literature to eliminate potential sources of error. The practical realization of a TMF investigation is quite complex and often only a few chemicals can be investigated due to low sample masses. This study evaluated whether a pragmatic approach involving the large-scale cryogenic sample preparation practices of the German Environmental Specimen Bank (ESB) is feasible. This approach could provide sufficient sample masses for a reduced set of samples allowing screenings for a broad spectrum of substances and by that enabling a systematic comparison of derived TMFs. Furthermore, it was assessed whether plausible TMFs can be derived with the ‘Food web on ice’ approach via a comparison with literature TMF values. Results This investigation at Lake Templin near Potsdam is the first TMF study for a German freshwater ecosystem and aimed to derive TMFs that are appropriate for regulatory purposes. A set of 15 composite biota samples was obtained and analyzed for an extended set of benchmark chemicals such as persistent organic pollutants, mercury and perfluoroalkyl substances. TMFs were calculated for all substances that were present in > 80% of the biota samples. For example, in the case of polychlorinated biphenyls, TMFs from 1.7 to 2.5 were determined and comparisons to literature TMFs determined in other freshwater ecosystems showed similarities. We showed that 32 out of 35 compounds analyzed had TMFs significantly above 1. In the remaining three cases, the correlations were not statistically significant. Conclusions The derived food web samples allow for an on-demand analysis and are ready-to-use for additional investigations. Since substances with non-lipophilic accumulation properties were also included in the list of analyzed substances, we conclude that the ‘Food web on ice’ provides samples which could be used to characterize the trophic magnification potential of substances with unknown bioaccumulation properties in the future which in return could be compared directly to the benchmarking patterns provided here.

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Lamb, Katelyn J., Stephen R. Midway, Rebecka L. Brasso, Paola C. López-Duarte, Matthew E. Kimball, and Michael J. Polito. "Mercury biomagnification in a coastal Louisiana food web following the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill." Frontiers in Environmental Science 10 (August 24, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.937124.

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The estuarine environments surrounding coastal Louisiana create favorable conditions for microbially mediated mercury (Hg) methylation and subsequent bioaccumulation by biota. In 2010, the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill released large amounts of oil which, despite having low Hg concentrations, had the potential to influence methylmercury (MeHg) bioavailability in the coastal zone. To explore this possibility, we assessed Hg concentrations and trophodynamics in the coastal Louisiana food web prior to and immediately following the DWH oil spill and compared these metrics with an adjacent coastal ecosystem in the northern Gulf of Mexico. We found no differences in MeHg concentrations between oysters collected in years prior to the spill (1986–2007) and those collected during or in the months immediately after the spill (May to December 2010). When comparing tissue MeHg concentrations and carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values across 13 species of bivalves, shrimp, crabs, fishes, and birds we found evidence of significant biomagnification within the coastal Louisiana food web driven by species’ trophic position and their use of differing basal carbon sources. In addition, Hg trophodynamics also differed between two adjacent coastal ecosystems, post-spill coastal Louisiana (2010) and pre-spill coastal Alabama (2008–2009). While there was a higher trophic magnification factor in coastal Louisiana relative to coastal Alabama, food web baseline MeHg concentrations were higher in coastal Alabama. The high degree of biomagnification in coastal Louisiana, and significant regional variation, underscores the need to monitor Hg trophodynamics over space and time to better evaluate the short and long-term ecological consequences of events like the DWH oil spill.

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Li, Yali, Xinqing Zou, Shichun Zou, Pu Li, Ying Yang, and Junjie Wang. "Pollution status and trophic transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coral reef ecosystems of the South China Sea." ICES Journal of Marine Science, July 1, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsab081.

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Abstract Coral reef ecosystems are important fishing grounds in tropical and subtropical areas and have been widely contaminated by chemicals. However, the current understanding of the pollution status and trophic transfer of exogenous chemicals in coral reef ecosystems is still limited. This study aims to characterize the occurrence of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments, corals, and other biotas in the trophic-complex coral reef ecosystems in the Xisha and Nansha Islands of the South China Sea. PAH transfer characteristics in the highly diverse coral reef food webs were analyzed through stable isotope ratios and trophic magnification factors (TMFs). PAHs were observed in sediment and biota samples of both Xisha and Nansha coral reef ecosystems. The TMFs ranging from 0.46 to 2.18 for the Xisha food web indicate limited trophic transfer of PAHs, while those ranging from 1.07 to 5.25 for the Nansha food web indicate trophic magnification of PAHs. The octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) of PAHs may positively influence the PAH biomagnification via accumulation along the trophic levels. This study provides new insights into PAH contamination patterns and their trophodynamic behaviour in highly diverse coral reef ecosystems, which can serve as a scientific basis for ecological risk assessment, biodiversity conservation, and coastal function management in global coral reef systems.

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Wang, Qiang, Xingchun Li, and Xuehong Zhou. "Improving the qualities of the trophic magnification factors (TMFs): A case study based on scaled Δ15N trophic position framework and separate baseline species." Science of The Total Environment, November 2022, 160095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160095.

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Rüdel, Heinz, Verena Kosfeld, Annette Fliedner, Georg Radermacher, Christian Schlechtriem, Anja Duffek, Caren Rauert, and Jan Koschorreck. "Selection and application of trophic magnification factors for priority substances to normalize freshwater fish monitoring data under the European Water Framework Directive: a case study." Environmental Sciences Europe 32, no. 1 (October 17, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12302-020-00404-8.

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Abstract Background The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires the monitoring of biota—preferably fish—to check the compliance of tissue concentrations of priority substances (PS) against substance-specific environmental quality standards (EQSs). In monitoring programs, different fish species are covered, which often are secondary consumers with a trophic level (TL) of about 3. For harmonization, a normalization of monitoring data to a common trophic level is proposed, i.e., TL 4 (predatory fish) in freshwaters, so that data would be sufficiently protective. For normalization, the biomagnification properties of the chemicals can be considered by applying substance-specific trophic magnification factors (TMFs). Alternatively, TL-corrected biomagnification factors (BMFTLs) may be applied. Since it is impractical to derive site-specific TMFs or BMFTLs, often data from literature will be used for normalization. However, available literature values for TMFs and BMFTLs are quite varying. In the present study, the use of literature-derived TMFs and BMFTLs in data normalization is studied more closely. Results An extensive literature evaluation was conducted to identify appropriate TMFs for the WFD PS polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), hexachlorobenzene, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), dioxins and dioxin-like compounds (PCDD/F + dl-PCB), hexabromocyclododecane, and mercury. The TMFs eventually derived were applied to PS monitoring data sets of fish from different trophic levels (chub, bream, roach, and perch) from two German rivers. For comparison, PFOS and PBDE data were also normalized using literature-retrieved BMFTLs. Conclusions The evaluation illustrates that published TMFs and BMFTLs for WFD PS are quite variable and the selection of appropriate values for TL 4 normalization can be challenging. The normalized concentrations partly included large uncertainties when considering the range of selected TMFs, but indicated whether an EQS exceedance at TL 4 can be expected. Normalization of the fish monitoring data revealed that levels of substances accumulating in the food web (TMF or BMF > 1) can be underestimated when relying on fish with TL < 4 for EQS compliance assessment. The evaluation also revealed that TMF specifically derived for freshwater ecosystems in Europe would be advantageous. Field-derived BMFTLs seemed to be no appropriate alternative to TMFs, because they can vary even stronger than TMFs.

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Boquete, M. Teresa, Jesús R. Aboal, Rubén Villares, Uxía Dorado-García, and J. Ángel Fernández. "High Hg biomagnification in North Atlantic coast ecosystems and limits to the use of δ15N to estimate trophic magnification factors." Water Research, February 2023, 119793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2023.119793.

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"Results of Bacterioplankton Studies in the Dnistrovskiy Estuary in 2003-2018." Man and Environment. Issues of Neoecology, no. 31 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/1992-4224-2019-31-05.

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Purpose. Determination of long-term changes in bacterioplankton number in the Dnistrovskiy Estuary in 2003-2018 and data usage for aquatic environment quality assessment. Methods. Bacterioplankton number determination was done using direct microscopy method under microscope with magnification of 1200. Ecological classification of surface waters quality adopted in Ukraine was used for water trophic status assessment. Results. Changes of bacterioplankton quantitative characteristics in summer periods of 2003-2018 have been analyzed. Tendency of increase in bacteria quantity has been revealed in the past eight years, as well as the waters’ trophic status increase from polytrophic in summer periods of 2003-2005, 2007-2009 and 2015-2016 to hypertrophic in 2011-2014 and 2017-2018. Maximal out of all the years bacterial number was identified in July 2012 that exceeded the peak value in the end of past century. Existence of statistical connections between bacterioplankton and water conductivity, transparency, chlorophyll a, pheophytin and total phosphorus were shown. Conclusions. It has been established that microbiological regime forming in the Dnistrovskiy Estuary took place under the influence of natural processes of organic matter production and pollution factors that revealed themselves the most in the middle and southern parts of the estuary. Among the aquatic environment parameters controlled bacterioplankton number, like chlorophyll a, reflected the changes of the Dnistrovskiy Estuary trophic state the most realistic way. At that, index of bacterioplankton is indispensible for indication of water pollution with organic matter of anthropogenic origin.

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Babut, Marc, Benoit J. D. Ferrari, Patrick Jame, Azziz Assoumani, François Lestremau, Nicolas Hette-Tronquart, Cécile Miege, and Olivier Perceval. "Monitoring priority substances in biota under the Water Framework Directive: how effective is a tiered approach based on caged invertebrates? A proof-of-concept study targeting PFOS in French rivers." Environmental Sciences Europe 32, no. 1 (October 7, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12302-020-00416-4.

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Abstract Background This study aims to describe and test a tiered approach for assessing compliance to Environmental Quality standards (EQSs) for priority substances in biota in line with the European Water Framework Directive. This approach is based on caged gammarids and trophic magnification factors (TMFs) at the first tier, with fish analyzed at the second tier at sites predicted to exceed the EQS at the first tier. A dataset was implemented by monitoring perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in caged gammarids exposed at 15 sites in French rivers, and in fish muscle and rest-of-body from the same sites. Isotopic ratios (δ13C and δ15 N) were also measured in gammarids and fish. Two scenarios were developed to compare measured PFOS concentrations in fish against predicted concentrations based on measures in caged gammarids and TMFs. Scenario (1) compared measured PFOS concentrations in fish fillets with predicted PFOS concentrations based on measured concentrations in caged gammarids and δ15 N. Scenario (2) tested whether or not EQS exceedance was correctly predicted based on measured concentrations in caged gammarids and trophic levels (TLs) from wild fish and gammarid populations. Results δ13C and δ15 N variations showed that caged gammarids used local food resources during exposure in the field. PFOS concentrations in gammarids were fairly variable through time at each site. In fish, concentrations ranged from < 1 to 250 ng g−1 (wet weight). After adjustment to the TL at which the EQS is set, 12 sites were above the EQS for PFOS. In scenario (1), predicted concentrations were almost correct at 7 sites out of 15. Most incorrect predictions were overestimations that were slightly improved by applying a lower (neutral) TMF. In scenario (2) we tested several variants for parameters involved in the predictions. The most efficient combination yielded two wrong predictions out of 15. This result was obtained with a higher (more conservative) TMF value, mean concentrations in gammarids from several field exposures during a year, and a TL for gammarids at the median of the distribution in French rivers. Conclusion The proposed tiered approach was thus efficient. However, the number of sites was relatively limited, and the dataset was biased towards EQS exceedance. The tiered approach warrants further validation.

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