Journal articles: 'Trophic index TRIX'

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Fiori, Emanuela, Marco Zavatarelli, Nadia Pinardi, Cristina Mazziotti, and Carla Rita Ferrari. "Observed and simulated trophic index (TRIX) values for the Adriatic Sea basin." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 9 (September 2, 2016): 2043–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-2043-2016.

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Abstract. The main scope of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive is to achieve good environmental status (GES) of the EU's marine waters by 2020, in order to protect the marine environment more effectively. The trophic index (TRIX) was developed by Vollenweider in 1998 for the coastal area of Emilia-Romagna (northern Adriatic Sea) and was used by the Italian legislation to characterize the trophic state of coastal waters. We compared the TRIX index calculated from in situ data (“in situ TRIX”) with the corresponding index simulated with a coupled physics and biogeochemical numerical model (“model TRIX”) implemented in the overall Adriatic Sea. The comparison between in situ and simulated data was carried out for a data time series on the Emilia-Romagna coastal strip. This study shows the compatibility of the model with the in situ TRIX and the importance of the length of the time series in order to get robust index estimates. The model TRIX is finally calculated for the whole Adriatic Sea, showing trophic index differences across the Adriatic coastal areas.

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Prayitno, Hanif Budi. "ASESMEN EUTROFIKASI PERAIRAN PESISIR MENGGUNAKAN METODE INDEKS TROFIK (TRIX)." OSEANA 42, no. 2 (November 19, 2019): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/oseana.2017.vol.42no.2.44.

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EUTROPHICATION ASSESSMENT METHOD FOR COASTAL WATER USING TROPHIC INDEX (TRIX). Eutrophication, a process in which water bodies experience excessive growth of aquatic plants due to accumulation of land-originated nutrients especially phosphorus and nitrogen, has become a worldwide coastal environmental problem. Its negative impacts have been well known including oxygen depletion, harmful algal blooms, biodiversity reduction and ecosystem degradation. Unfortunately, the occurrence of those impacts is often not well anticipated as the instruments for assessing the quality of coastal and marine environment are weak and hardly available. Therefore, there has been a growing concern in developing appropriate methods for assessing coastal and marine eutrophication. One of the most widely used methods is trophic index (TRIX) due to its good efficacy. However, it is still questionable whether TRIX is a universal index of eutrophication or the scaling of TRIX should be region specific.

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Salas, Fuensanta, Heliana Teixeira, Concepción Marcos, João Carlos Marques, and Angel Pérez-Ruzafa. "Applicability of the trophic index TRIX in two transitional ecosystems: the Mar Menor lagoon (Spain) and the Mondego estuary (Portugal)." ICES Journal of Marine Science 65, no. 8 (August 1, 2008): 1442–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsn123.

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Abstract Salas, F., Teixeira, H., Marcos, C., Marques, J. C., and Pérez-Ruzafa, A. 2008. Applicability of the trophic index TRIX in two transitional ecosystems: the Mar Menor lagoon (Spain) and the Mondego estuary (Portugal). – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 1442–1448. Ecological indicators are commonly used to provide synoptic information about the state of ecosystems. Their main attribute is that they combine a range of environmental factors in a single value, which is thought useful for management and for making ecological-quality concepts easily understandable by the general public. In some European countries, the trophic state of marine and coastal waters is characterized using the trophic index TRIX. We used TRIX in the studies of the Mar Menor coastal lagoon (southeast Spain) and the Mondego estuary (northwest Portugal). These areas are under environmental stress, and eutrophication processes have been monitored in recent years. The results demonstrate the inefficacy of TRIX as a trustworthy tool to classify eutrophication status in estuarine waters. The causes of the malfunction of the index are discussed, and we suggest that, if the index is to be applied over wide areas, the classification criteria will have to be adapted to specific environments.

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Primpas, Ioannis, and Michael Karydis. "Scaling the trophic index (TRIX) in oligotrophic marine environments." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 178, no. 1-4 (September 21, 2010): 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-010-1687-x.

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Ngadi, Hamza, Mostafa Layachi, Ghizlane Azizi, Chaouki Belbachir, Sara Esseffar, Yassine El Yousfi, Hicham Gueddari, Abderrahmane Rahhou, Hamza Loukili, and Abdelmajid Moumen. "Application of eutrophication indices for assessment of the ecological quality of the Moroccan eastern Mediterranean coast: Ras Kabdana-Saïdia." E3S Web of Conferences 364 (2023): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202336402008.

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Eutrophication of littoral seawater is estimated to be one of the main threats to marine biota. Therefore, continuous monitoring is necessary to define areas of potential risk. Our work is an essay to explore the possibility of applying the trophic state index (TRIX) to assess the state of eutrophication along the eastern coast of the Moroccan Mediterranean (Ras Kabdana-Saïdia) in concert with a number of hydro chemical parameters and nutrients descriptors aimed at selection of relevant indicators of marine coastal area ecological quality. Seawater samples were studied monthly during 2018. The following environmental parameters have been considered: temperature, salinity, pH, suspended matter, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, saturation levels, nitrite, nitrate, and orthophosphate. Principal Component Analysis was applied in order to figure out and score the most relevant combination of parameters to discriminate between sites and select representative descriptors (pressure/state) of eutrophication. The following variables are defined as relevant descriptors for classification of the sites: nutrients (N, P) and their molar ratios (N/P), the capacity of the system to produce and sustain organic matter (chlorophyll a), and the trophic state index (TRIX). The results show TRIX values below 4, the eutrophication range indicated that there is no ecological risk. The Ras Kabdana-Saïdia is located in an oligotrophic state.

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Dewi, Rose, Muhammad Zainuri, Sutrisno Anggoro, Tjahjo Winanto, Hadi Endrawati, Suwarno Hadisusanto, Agus Sabdono, Haeruddin, Max Rudolf Muskananfola, and Denny Nugroho. "Tropic Status Assesment in Segara Anakan Lagoon, Indonesia : Experience in Applying the Trophic Index Trix." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 255 (May 10, 2019): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/255/1/012032.

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Vargas-González, Héctor Hugo, José Alfredo Arreola-Lizárraga, Renato Arturo Mendoza-Salgado, Lía Celina Méndez-Rodríguez, Carlos Hernando Lechuga-Deveze, Gustavo Padilla-Arredondo, and Miguel Cordoba-Matson. "Effects of Sewage Discharge on Trophic State and Water Quality in a Coastal Ecosystem of the Gulf of California." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/618054.

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This paper provides evidence of the effects of urban wastewater discharges on the trophic state and environmental quality of a coastal water body in a semiarid subtropical region in the Gulf of California. The concentrations of dissolved inorganic nutrients and organic matter from urban wastewater primary treatment were estimated. La Salada Cove was the receiving water body and parameters measured during an annual cycle were temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nitrite, nitrate, ammonia, orthophosphate, and chlorophylla. The effects of sewage inputs were determined by using Trophic State Index (TRIX) and the Arid Zone Coastal Water Quality Index (AZCI). It was observed that urban wastewater of the city of Guaymas provided 1,237 ton Nyr−1and 811 ton Pyr−1and TRIX indicated that the receiving water body showed symptoms of eutrophication from an oligotrophic state to a mesotrophic state; AZCI also indicated that the environmental quality of the water body was poor. The effects of urban wastewater supply with insufficient treatment resulted in symptoms of eutrophication and loss of ecological functions and services of the coastal ecosystem in La Salada Cove.

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Moncheva, S., V. Dontcheva, G. Shtereva, L. Kamburska, A. Malej, and S. Gorinstein. "Application of eutrophication indices for assessment of the Bulgarian Black Sea coastal ecosystem ecological quality." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 8 (October 1, 2002): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0136.

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The present paper is an attempt to test the applicability of the trophic state index (TRIX) for scaling the eutrophication along the Bulgarian Black Sea coastal zone in concert with a number of chemical and biological descriptors aimed at selection of relevant indicators of marine coastal area ecological quality. The following environmental parameters have been considered: to, salinity, nutrients - inorganic P, N and dissolved Si, dissolved oxygen and oxygen saturation, phytoplankton - taxonomic structure, abundance and biomass, chlorophyll a, zooplankton - taxonomic structure, abundance and biomass. Principal Component Analysis was applied in order to figure out and score the most relevant combination of parameters to discriminate between sites and select representative descriptors (pressure/state) of eutrophication. The following variables are defined as relevant descriptors for classification of the sites: nutrients (N, P, Si) and their molar ratios (N:P and Si:P), the capacity of the system to produce and sustain organic matter (chlorophyll a, phytoplankton biomass), phytoplankton taxonomic dominance (Bacilariophyceae:Dinophyceae biomass ratio), grazing pressure (phytoplankton:zooplankton biomass, Bacilariophyceae:Copepoda), plankton diversity index (Hb and Ha) and the trophic state index (TRIX). The investigated sites under a different anthropogenic impact are classified according to selected descriptors and their water quality state.

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Boikova, Elmīra, Uldis Botva, and Vita Līcīte. "Implementation of Trophic Status Index in Brackish Water Quality Assessment of Baltic Coastal Waters." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 62, no. 3 (January 1, 2008): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10046-008-0016-z.

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Implementation of Trophic Status Index in Brackish Water Quality Assessment of Baltic Coastal Waters The assessment of the trophic state of marine coastal waters is one of the leading initiatives declared in the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). The Baltic Sea is a semi-enclosed ecosystem which consists of subregions with wide salinity and seasonality gradients. Anthropogenic impact results in eutrophication processes on different scales. Efficient eutrophication control and environmental management in the Baltic Sea, according to WFD, requires a prerequisite of common and sensitive indicators for the European coastal waters including the Baltic Sea. In this article the Trophic Status Index TRIX, recently succcesfully implemented in Mediterranean and Northern European sea coastal waters as a holistic approach indicator, was implemented for the Gulf of Rīga and Latvian Baltic Sea coastal water quality assessment between 1999 and 2005.

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Ismail, Winny Retna Melani, and Tri Apriadi. "Tingkat Kesuburan Perairan di Perairan Kampung Madong, Kelurahan Kampung Bugis, Kota Tanjungpinang." Jurnal Akuatiklestari 2, no. 1 (November 30, 2018): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31629/akuatiklestari.v2i1.931.

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Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kesuburan perairan berdasarkan indeks TRIX (Trophic Index), serta kondisi perairan fisika, kimia dan biologi di Perairan Kampung Madong Kelurahan Kampung Bugis Kota Tanjungpinang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode survei sebanyak 15 titik sampling pada saat surut dan 15 titik sampling pada saat pasang pada titik koordinat yang sama. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan kualitas perairan Kampung Madong baik parameter fisika maupun kimia pada saat pasang dan surut masih berada pada kriteria sesuai menurut KEPMEN LH No. 51 Tahun 2004 tentang baku mutu air laut untuk biota, namun untuk parameter Nitrat dan Fosfat tidak memenuhi baku mutu. Nilai tingkat kesuburan Perairan Kampung Madong berdasarkan nilai indeks TRIX yaitu pada saat pasang terdapat nilai 4,74 yang tergolong sedang (mesotrofik), sedangkan tingkat kesuburan di Perairan Kampung Madong pada saat surut terdapat nilai indeks TRIX 5,18 yang tergolong tinggi (eutrofik).

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Silva, Aichely Rodrigues da, Alessandra Larissa D’ Oliveira Fonseca, Claudinei José Rodrigues, and Ângela da Veiga Beltrame. "Application of ecological indicators in coastal watershed under high pressure during summer period." RBRH 21, no. 3 (September 2016): 537–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2318-0331.011615106.

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ABSTRACT Water bodies located in coastal areas are subject to human pressures and the loss of environmental quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the environmental quality of the river Papaquara through water quality and river landscape, using the Trophic Index (TRIX) and Rapid Assessment Protocol (RAP). The study was developed in the watershed located in the north of the island of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis – SC, whose population increase in the summer is around 280%. The Trophic Index and the Rapid Assessment Protocol were evaluated in the pre-summer period, summer and after-summer in seven sample points along the inner areas (higher population density), median and outside the Papaquara river, plus two points in affluent. The river Papaquara showed up in great stress state, is classified as eutrophic, 77% of the samples and changed in 50% of the sampled area, as the TRIX index and RAP, respectively. The internal area registered up eutrophic and impacted in all periods analyzed. The median area and the outer decreased their water quality, due to summer activity, while there was no change in environmental quality by RAP. A significant correlation between the indices used indicated that the RAP should be used with caution to describe the condition of water quality. This analysis has submitted be more appropriate when used in river scale as a whole, but not isolated segments.

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Fauzan, Ahmad, Winny Retna Melani, and Tri Apriadi. "Tingkat Kesuburan Perairan di Perairan Tembeling Tanjung, Kabupaten Bintan, Provinsi Kepulauan Riau." Jurnal Akuatiklestari 2, no. 1 (November 30, 2018): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31629/akuatiklestari.v2i1.2349.

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Penelitian mengenai tingkat kesuburan perairan telah dilakukan di Perairan Tembeling Tanjung, Kabupaten Bintan, Provinsi Kepulauan Riau. Terdapat beberapa aktivitas di Perairan Tembeling Tanjung seperti kegiatan domestik, Keramba Jaring Apung, pelayaran dan juga terdapat ekosistem mangrove dan ekosistem lamun. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kesuburan perairan di Perairan Tembeling Tanjung, Kabupaten Bintan, Provinsi Kepulauan Riau berdasarkan indeks TRIX (Trophic Index). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode random sampling yaitu sebanyak 15 titik pengamatan pada saat pasang dan 15 titik pengamatan pada saat surut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai indeks TRIX pada saat pasang sebesar 4,14, sedangkan pada saat perairan surut sebesar 4,25. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kondisi tingkat kesuburan perairan di Perairan Tembeling Tanjung pada saat pasang maupun pada saat surut tergolong tingkat eutrofikasi sedang (mesotrofik).

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Nurfadillah, Nurfadillah, Irma Dewiyanti, Sri Riska Rahayu, Siswani Sari, Indri Karina, and Hasfiandi Hasfiandi. "Trophic status analysis and estimation of fish production in Aneuk Laot Lake aquatic resources management, Sabang City." Depik 11, no. 3 (October 31, 2022): 469–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/depik.11.3.27499.

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Aneuk Laot Lake is located in Sabang City, Weh Island, Aceh Province. Changes in water quality can affect the life of aquatic organisms found in Aneuk Laot Lake. The purpose of this research estimates fish production and trophic status for the aquatic resource management of Aneuk Laot Lake, Sabang. This research was conducted in September 2019 in Lake Aneuk Laot using the TRIX, TSI (Trophic State Index) and Nygaard index methods to determine fish production and trophic status. Observation stations were determined using stratified random sampling method and analysis of chlorophyll-a was done using the Trichomatic method. The results showed that the waters of Aneuk Laot Lake can be categorized as eutrophic to hypereutrophic. The estimated value of fish production in Aneuk Laot Lake based on the chlorophyll-a approach is 109.84 kg/ha/year, with a lake area of 61.6 ha. Water quality parameters are still in a state that can be tolerated by aquatic organisms in Aneuk Laot Lake.Keywords:Fish production potential Water qualityTRIX indexBiomass productionWater productivity

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Ilham, Reza, Winny Retna Retna Melani, and Tri Apriadi. "TINGKAT KESUBURAN PERAIRAN KAMPUNG SEI TIMUN, KOTA TANJUNGPINANG." Jurnal Laot Ilmu Kelautan 2, no. 1 (July 8, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35308/jlaot.v2i1.2357.

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Perairan di Kampung Sei Timun merupakan bagian dari aliran estuari Sei Carang di Kota Tanjungpinang yang mengalami penggenangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kesuburan perairan Kampung Sei Timun, Kota Tanjungpinang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada pada bulan April - Agustus 2019. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode random sampling pada 30 titik sampling (stasiun). Parameter lingkungan perairan yang diukur yaitu suhu, kecerahan, kecepatan arus, pH, oksigen terlarut, nitrat, fosfat, dan klorofil-a. Pengkajian indeks kesuburan menggunakan metode perhitungan TRIX (Trophic Index). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa parameter fisika dan kimia perairan yang diukur berada dalam kisaran standar kadar alamiah dan memenuhi baku mutu perairan, kecuali nitrat dan fosfat. Nilai TRIX di perairan Kampung Sei Timun sebesar 4,01 yang berarti bahwa status kualitas perairan tinggi dan tingkat eutrotifikasi rendah. Hal ini dikarenakan perairan masih berada di daerah alami yang masih dikelilingi oleh ekosistem mangrove. Di area sekitar perairan kampung Sei Timun juga hanya terdapat sedikit aktivitas manusia sehingga pemasukan bahan organik dari luar ke perairan hanya sedikit.

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Car, Ana, Dubravka Hafner, Stijepo Ljubimir, Iris Dupčić Radić, Svjetlana Bobanović-Ćolić, and Nenad Jasprica. "Colonization of bacteria and diatoms on an artificial substrate in a marine lake (eastern Adriatic Sea, NE Mediterranean)." Acta botanica Croatica 79, no. 2 (July 13, 2020): 212–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2020-028.

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The initial colonization of bacteria and diatoms on a immersed artificial substrate and the development of diatom assemblages in relation to physico-chemical parameters were investigated on a weekly basis at one station in the marine Lake Mrtvo More, South Croatia, from April to October 2016. According to TRIX trophic index, lake showed different trophic character: (i) oligotrophic (at the beginning and the end of the study), (ii) mesotrophic (the end of June to mid-July), (iii) eutrophic (the end of July to mid-September). Heterotrophic bacteria increased to peak abundances (69,268 cells cm–2) at the beginning of June when the diatoms abundances start to increase. The lake has high diatom species richness (285 diatom taxa within 72 genera), with the highest species diversity index in August. Among diatoms, adnate were the primary colonizers, particularly Cocconeis dirupta W.Gregory var. flexella (Janisch and Rabenhorst) Grunow and Cocconeis scutellum Ehrenberg var. scutellum, while motile taxa joined the fouling communities from July to September. This study showed close relationship between diatom species composition and changes of physico-chemical parameters, particularly the nutrient concentrations.

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GIOVANARDI, Franco, and Richard A. VOLLENWEIDER. "Trophic conditions of marine coastal waters: experience in applying the Trophic Index TRIX to two areas of the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian seas." Journal of Limnology 63, no. 2 (August 1, 2004): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2004.199.

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RAHHOU, A., M. LAYACHI, M. AKODAD, N. EL OUAMARI, A. AKNAF, A. SKALLI, B. OUDRA, and M. BAGHOUR. "ASSESSMENT OF THE TROPHIC STATUS OF MARCHICA LAGOON (NE MOROCCO, MEDITERRANEAN) AFTER RESTORATION ACTIVITIES USING TROPHIC INDEX (TRIX): SEASONAL AND SPATIAL VARIATIONS." Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 20, no. 6 (2022): 4667–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2006_46674679.

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Vascetta, Manuela, Pirkko Kauppila, and Eeva Furman. "Aggregate indicators in coastal policy making: potentials of the Trophic Index TRIX for sustainable considerations of eutrophication." Sustainable Development 16, no. 4 (July 2008): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sd.379.

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Tsiola, Anastasia, Grégoire Michoud, Stilianos Fodelianakis, Ioannis Karakassis, Georgios Kotoulas, Alexandra Pavlidou, Christina Pavloudi, et al. "Viral Metagenomic Content Reflects Seawater Ecological Quality in the Coastal Zone." Viruses 12, no. 8 (July 26, 2020): 806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12080806.

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Viruses interfere with their host’s metabolism through the expression of auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) that, until now, are mostly studied under large physicochemical gradients. Here, we focus on coastal marine ecosystems and we sequence the viral metagenome (virome) of samples with discrete levels of human-driven disturbances. We aim to describe the relevance of viromics with respect to ecological quality status, defined by the classic seawater trophic index (TRIX). Neither viral (family level) nor bacterial (family level, based on 16S rRNA sequencing) community structure correlated with TRIX. AMGs involved in the Calvin and tricarboxylic acid cycles were found at stations with poor ecological quality, supporting viral lysis by modifying the host’s energy supply. AMGs involved in “non-traditional” energy-production pathways (3HP, sulfur oxidation) were found irrespective of ecological quality, highlighting the importance of recognizing the prevalent metabolic paths and their intermediate byproducts. Various AMGs explained the variability between stations with poor vs. good ecological quality. Our study confirms the pivotal role of the virome content in ecosystem functioning, acting as a “pool” of available functions that may be transferred to the hosts. Further, it suggests that AMGs could be used as an ultra-sensitive metric of energy-production pathways with relevance in the vulnerable coastal zone and its ecological quality.

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Brito, Ana C., Paloma Garrido-Amador, Carla Gameiro, Marta Nogueira, Maria Teresa Moita, and Maria Teresa Cabrita. "Integrating In Situ and Ocean Color Data to Evaluate Ecological Quality under the Water Framework Directive." Water 12, no. 12 (December 8, 2020): 3443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12123443.

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The Water Framework Directive (WFD) aims at evaluating the ecological status of European coastal water bodies (CWBs). This is a rather complex task and first requires the use of long-term databases to assess the effect of anthropogenic pressure on biological communities. An in situ dataset was assembled using concomitant biological, i.e., chlorophyll a (Chl a) and environmental data, covering the years from 1995 to 2014, to enable a comprehensive assessment of eutrophication in the Western Iberia Coast (WIC). Given the temporal gaps in the dataset, especially in terms of Chl a, satellite observations were used to complement it. Positive relationships between Chl a 90th percentile and nitrogen concentrations were obtained. The Land-Uses Simplified Index (LUSI), as a pressure indicator, showed no relationship with Chl a, except in Galicia, but it highlighted a higher continental pressure in the Portuguese CWBs in comparison with Galician waters. In general terms, the trophic index (TRIX) showed that none of the CWBs were in degraded conditions. Nevertheless, the relatively high TRIX and LUSI values obtained for the water body in front of Tagus estuary suggest that this area should be subject to continued monitoring. Results highlighted the usefulness of satellite data in water quality assessments and set the background levels for the implementation of operational monitoring based on satellite Chl a. In the future, low uncertainty and harmonized satellite products across countries should be provided. Moreover, the assessment of satellite-based eutrophication indicators should also include metrics on phytoplankton phenology and community structure.

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Hernández-López, Julieta, Omar Cervantes, Aramis Olivos-Ortiz, and Rubén Ricardo Guzmán-Reyna. "DSPIR Framework as Planning and Management Tools for the La Boquita Coastal System, Manzanillo, Mexico." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 8 (August 17, 2020): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8080615.

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Coastal ecosystems are attractive sites for tourism. In the central Pacific coast of Mexico in the La Boquita coastal system (LBCS), consisting of a beach and a coastal lagoon, the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) model was implemented for the spatial and temporal analysis of socio environmental indicators, aiming to gather information for decision-making and implementation of management strategies. The spatial occupation (umbrellas and tables) of the beach showed a 50–200% increase during the Easter season relative to the low season, while the area containing restaurants (called “ramadas”) increased by 396% in 15 years, representing pressure on land use for tourism purposes. The density of beach users ranged from moderate to high (<10 m2/user) during the holiday seasons in the tourism area. The Trophic index (TRIX), used as an indicator of trophic status, revealed mesotrophic-to-eutrophic conditions in lagoon water due to the limited water exchange with the adjacent ocean and to DIN and DIP inputs from adjacent tourist areas. The analysis of the environmental legislation showed that law enforcement in the LBCS is poor or nil, with most environmental regulations either ignored or having inadequate enforcement monitoring. This has led to the current state of socio environmental disruption.

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Abidi, Myriam, Rim Ben Amor, and Moncef Gueddari. "Assessment of the Trophic Status of the South Lagoon of Tunis (Tunisia, Mediterranean Sea): Geochemical and Statistical Approaches." Journal of Chemistry 2018 (June 24, 2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9859546.

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The trophic status assessment of the South Lagoon of Tunis, a shallow Mediterranean coastal area after its restoration, is addressed herein with respect to its various environmental settings which are taken as indicators of water quality. The lagoon had, in the past, witnessed severe environmental quality issues. To resolve these problems, a large restoration project of the lagoon was undertaken which consisted of dredging the bottom sediments removing areas of water stagnation and improving water circulation. After this restoration work, the lagoon morphology has radically changed. In this paper, we attempt to evaluate the lagoon water’s trophic state to analyze the eutrophication risk after almost 16 years. In order to achieve these purposes, two water quality monitoring campaigns were conducted (July 2013 and February 2014). Natural and anthropogenic factors controlling the nutrient content of the lagoon water have been assessed through both geochemical methods and multivariate statistical tools. The results show that the nutrients are from external sources due to the discharge of municipal and industrial wastewater from the surrounding city of the catchment in the lagoon’s south side. According to the TRIX index, the lagoon remains eutrophic presenting a “poor” water quality, notwithstanding the engineering project due to the high level of nutrients.

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Silva, Aichely Rodrigues da, and Alessandra Larissa D. Oliveira Fonseca. "Eutrofização dos recursos hídricos como ferramenta para a compreensão das doenças de vinculação hídrica." Geosul 31, no. 62 (September 27, 2016): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2177-5230.2016v31n62p247.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2177-5230.2016v31n62p247O saneamento ambiental inadequado afeta diretamente a qualidade da água e da vida humana. O presente estudo avaliou o estado trófico das águas e as incidências de doenças de vinculação hídrica em bacias hidrográficas com diferentes graus de urbanização na região Norte da Ilha de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis. Foram utilizados o Índice Trófico (Index Trophic- TRIX) e as informações sobre a incidência de doenças de vinculação hídrica disponibilizadas pela Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Florianópolis. No ano de 2014, foram diagnosticados 5.358 casos de diarreia e de gastroenterite na Unidade de Pronto Atendimento UPA Norte, localizada no bairro de Canasvieiras, bacia hidrográfica do rio Papaquara, onde as águas apresentam características eutróficas. A menor incidência de doenças esteve associada à melhor qualidade da água, o que ocorreu no Canal de Jurerê. A pesquisa permitiu alertar para as intervenções necessárias a serem realizadas tanto pelo serviço de abastecimento sanitário quanto pelo Poder Público, no atendimento aos padrões de qualidade da água.

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Romanova, N. D., V. K. Chasovnikov, E. G. Arashkevich, S. A. Mosharov, A. B. Nikishina, A. V. Kostyleva, and N. E. Louppova. "Evaluation of ecosystem status in the shelf-slope zone of the northeastern Black Sea based on the trophic index (TRIX)." Oceanology 56, no. 1 (January 2016): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s000143701601015x.

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Yucel-Gier, G., I. Pazi, F. Kucuksezgin, and F. Kocak. "The composite trophic status index (TRIX) as a potential tool for the regulation of Turkish marine aquaculture as applied to the eastern Aegean coast (Izmir Bay)." Journal of Applied Ichthyology 27, no. 1 (October 30, 2010): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01576.x.

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Kopytina, Nadezda I. "Mycobiota of the pelagic zone of Odessa region in the northwestern Black Sea." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Biologiya, no. 52 (2020): 140–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988591/52/8.

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Mycobiota of the marine area of Odessa region was studied (30°70′00′′-31°00′00′′N, 46°23′00′′-46°60′00′′E) (See Fig. 1). Hydrological and hydrochemical regimes of the marine area of Odessa region in the northwestern Black Sea are affected by the discharge of the Dnieper (93.4%) and the Southern Bug (5.7%) rivers, the permanent anthropogenic discharges of the cities of Odessa, Chernomorsk (Ilyichyovsk), Yuzhnyi and their ports, shipping, dredging, and the open sea. The aim of this work was to study the species composition, the number of colony forming units (CFU) and the dynamics of the spatiotemporal distribution of reared microfungi as a function of abiotic factors and the trophic level of seawater in this area. Water samples were taken in summer and autumn 2008-2012 in the surface (1 m depth) and bottom (7-24 m depth) layers. The samples were taken, at least, in three replicates. The results of processing 258 samples from 22 stations were analyzed. The effects of environmental factors (water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, five-day biochemical oxygen demand, petroleum hydrocarbons, dissolved metals Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd and suspended particulate matter) were studied in 140 samples (See Table 1). Micromycetes were isolated on Czapek’s medium prepared in sea water. 1 ml of sample water was added to a Petri dish and filled with medium cooled to approximately 36-40 °C. To suppress the growth of bacteria, 0.03% chloramphenicol was added to the medium (by volume of the medium). Cultivation was carried out at a temperature of 18-20 °С for 2-8 weeks. Micromycetes were identified by morphological and cultural characteristics according to Vera Bilay and Eleonora Koval’ (1988) and GS De Hooh ea tl. (2000). Nomenclature, and taxonomy of fungi correspond to The Index Fungorum database. The ecological analysis of mycocomplexes was carried out according to: species composition, the number of species in complexes, frequency of occurrence of a species and the number of colony-forming units (CFU / L). In this research, 50 fungal species of 19 genera, 14 families, 9 orders, 4 classes of the division Ascomycota were revealed. Fungal taxa from Odessa region were grouped into families. The family Aspergillaceae included the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces (27 species); the family Pleosporaceae included the genera Alternaria and Stemphylium (8); and there were 3 species of the genus Cladosporium from the family Cladosporiaceae. In total, 76.0% of species found were from the three families (See Table 2). Using Average Taxonomic Distinctness index, AvTD (Δ+), and Variation in Taxonomic Distinctness index, VarTD (Λ+), features of the taxonomic diversity of mycocomplexes were revealed. These indices were calculated from a matrix of micromycete species from the region under study combined with the fungi list (master list, 219 species) of the Black Sea pelagic zone. In the analysis, the taxonomy levels from Species to Kingdom were included. For the indices Δ+ and Λ+, 95% probability funnel graphs were plotted, and their mean expected values were calculated for mycobiota of the region under study and for mycocomplexes from each station. It was found out that the mean expected values of the index Δ+ for mycobiota of the marine area of Odessa region and the stations are considerably lower, and index Λ+ values are higher than those for the sea as a whole (See Fig. 2 and 3). According to literature sources, no significant seasonal and inter-annual changes in the trophic status of the region occurred in 1992-2010. It was transitional between mesotrophic and eutrophic. The long-term mean TRIX value was 5.3 (4-5: medium trophic level; 5-6: high trophic level and poor water quality). In the species composition and numerical structure of mycocomplexes of the mesotrophic and eutrophic zones, no significant differences were detected. Over the entire period of this research, a relatively uniform distribution of the mean abundance of fungi over the area and depth was noted (See Table 3). No significant correlation was found between abiotic parameters under study and micromycete abundance over the horizons, seasons, sampling dates, location of stations, as well as mesotrophic and eutrophic zones. In the region, 44% of fungi-indicators of different kinds of pollution were registered. In the areas of stormwater runoff and wastewater treatment plant discharges, the indicator value (IndVal) was the largest for melanin-containing fungi Cladosporium cladosporioides (28.3%), Alternaria alternata (17.5%), and Aspergillus niger (12.3%), which are resistant to several adverse environmental factors. In the eutrophic zone, large values of the indices were found in Aspergillus clavatus (21,2%), Penicillium expansum (17,7%), Penicillium citrinum (16,1%), Al. tenuissima (12,5%), and in A. fumigatus (60%), Al. alternata (40%) and A. niger (35,7%) in places of local oil pollution. It is established that in the entire marine area of Odessa region, the formed mycocomplexes have a high similarity in species and numerical structure, and therefore, they can be considered as a single community.

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Suwarso, Suwarso, Achmad Zamroni, and Moh Fauzi. "DISTRIBUSI - KELIMPAHAN DAN HASIL TANGKAPAN CUMI-CUMI DI PERAIRAN PAPARAN SUNDA BAGIAN SELATAN: berbasis pada perikanan Jaring Cumi yang mendarat di Muara Angke dan Kejawanan." Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia 25, no. 4 (December 10, 2019): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.25.4.2019.225-239.

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Perikanan cumi-cumi telah berkembang di Laut Jawa dan Laut Cina Selatan, didukung oleh alat tangkap bouke ami dan cast net dengan armada penangkap skala menengah. Perikanan berkembang sebagai bentuk diversikasi usaha penangkapan beralih target species akibat terjadinya pergeseran trophic level yang berkaitan dengan perubahan ekosistem serta indikasi pergantian populasi dari sumberdaya ‘multi-species’. Kajian distribusi, kelimpahan dan hasil tangkapan Cumi-cumi (Loliginidae) di perairan Paparan Sunda bagian selatan didasarkan pada data monitoring oleh enumerator tahun 2018 terhadap alat penangkap cumi-cumi (bouke ami dan cast net), didukung oleh data pendaratan per kapal di TPI Muara Angke (Jakarta) periode 2012-2018 dan TPI Kejawanan (Cirebon) periode 2008-2018. Observasi lapangan ditujukan untuk mendeskripsikan karakteristik armada, alat tangkap dan aspek operasional penangkapan. Hasil menunjukkan daerah penangkapan cumi-cumi di Paparan Sunda bagian selatan tersebar luas di Laut Jawa dan Laut Cina Selatan, tapi lebih terkonsentrasi di perairan selatan Selat Karimata yang ditunjukkan oleh tingginya intensitas penangkapan (54% dari total trip penangkapan). Namun demikian, secara umum kelimpahan cumi-cumi (ditunjukkan oleh indek kelimpahan CPUE dalam Kg/hari) hampir seragam sekitar 113-133 kg/hari, sedang indek kelimpahan (CPUE) dalam Kg/trip terlihat berbeda. Perbedaan nyata juga terlihat dari total hasil tangkapan cumi-cumi dari Selat Karimata yang mencapai 55% dari total pendaratan cumi-cumi dari paparan tersebut. Secara umum sebagai target species cumi-cumi berkontribusi sebanyak 93% dari total hasil tangkapan pada alat penangkap cumi. Trend kenaikan hasil tangkapan cumi-cumi berlangsung hingga saat ini baik di Muara Angke maupun Kejawanan. Dalam komposisi jenis prosentase cumi-cumi juga menunjukkan semakin tinggi pada hasil tangkapan pukat (cantrang). Hal-hal terkait pengelolaan perikanan cumi sebagai diversifikasi usaha penangkapan dan pengalihan target species juga dibahas.Squids fishery had well developed in the Java Sea and the South China Sea, was supported by the bouke ami and cast net that were using the medium scale boats. The fisheries developed as the fishing diversification over the species target as an impact of the tropic level changes correspond to the ecosystem changes and substitution of fish population from ‘multi-species’ fish resources. Study of distribution, abundance and catch of squid (Loliginidae) in the southern of Sunda Shelf waters was carried out based on daily monitoring data by enumerators (enumeration data) in 2018 of squid fishing gears (bouke ami, cast net and squid fishing) supported by 201 squid landing data at TPI Muara Angke (Jakarta) for the 2012-2018 period and TPI Kejawanan (Cirebon) for the 2008-2018 period. Field observations are intended to describe the characteristics of the fleet, fishing gear and operational aspects of capture. The results showed that the squid fishing area in the southern part of Sunda Shelf was widespread in the Java Sea and the South China Sea, but concentrated in the southern of Karimata Strait as indicated by the high intensity of catch (54% of the total fishing trips). However, in general the abundance of squid (indicated by the CPUE abundance index in kg / day) is almost the same, which is around 113-133 kg / day, while the abundance index (CPUE) in kg / trip looks different. Significant differences were also seen from the total catch of squid from the Karimata Strait which reached 55% of the total squid landings from the Shelf. The catch of squid that occurred until now shows an upward trend, this is as recorded in Muara Angke and Kejawanan. In catch composition, the percentage of squid also showed higher catches on trawlers (cantrang). Matters related to the management of squid fisheries as a diversification of fishing effort and diversion of target species are also discussed.

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Syawal, Muhammad Suhaemi, Marwiyah Ulfah, Muta Ali Khalifa, and Abdul Hamid. "STATUS TROFIK PERAIRAN SITU KEBANTENAN, KABUPATEN BOGOR, PROVINSI JAWA BARAT." ACROPORA: Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan dan Perikanan Papua 5, no. 1 (June 26, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.31957/acr.v5i1.2265.

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Activities at Situ Kebantenan contribute to the entry of various types of waste. These wastes include domestic waste, fishery and industrial waste. The water supply of Situ Kebantenan comes from the Cisadane River and Ciliwung Riverwhich indirectly carries garbage. If the condition of the entry of the pollution load occurs continuously, it will certainly have a bad impact on the quality of the waters and the organisms that live in the waters of Situ Kebantenan. The level of fertility in the in situ waters can minimize and control the pollution load that enters from the surrounding environment so that the existence of the in situ ecosystem can be utilized sustainably. Therefore, it is necessary to do research on the level of fertility of the waters using the TRIX (Trophic Index) calculation formula. The purpose of this study was to determine the trophic status of Situ Kebantenan, Bogor Regency, West Java Province based on the TSI (Carlson Trophic State Index) method and the TRIX (Trophic Index) method.This research was conducted in April-May 2019. Sampling of water and in-situ parameter testing was carried out at Situ Kebantenan located in Cibinong, Bogor Regency. Ex situ tests included TN (Total Nitrogen), TP (Total Phosphate) and chlorophyll-α. In the research procedure, samples were taken 3 times with an interval of 14 days and on the surface of the Situ Kebantenan waters. The method used in this study included measurements of chlorophyll-a levels, total phosphate and total nitrogen. Based on the Carlson Trophic Index (TSI) method on testing water samples in the waters of Situ Kebantenan, it shows that the TSI value is included in the eutrophic category with values ranging from 112.12-125.53. Based on the Trophic Index (TRIX) method, the Kebantenan Situ has a TRIX value ranging from 2.034 to 2.78 which is included in the mesotrophic category.

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Sovga, E. E., I. V. Mezentseva, and K. A. Slepchuk. "Comparison of Assimilative Capacity and Trophic Index for Various Parts of the Sevastopol Bay Water Area." Ekologicheskaya bezopasnost pribrezhnoy i shel fovoy zon morya, no. 3 (September 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.22449/2413-5577-2020-3-63-76.

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The ecological state of the marine shallow water ecosystem (the case of the Sevastopol Bay) is analyzed by the ratio of assimilative capacity and E-TRIX index depending on the anthropogenic load level for the whole bay ecosystem. As part of analysis, the eastern, central, western parts of the bay were distinguished as well as the Yuzhnaya Bay (southern part). Calculations of the assimilative capacity and E-TRIX index for ecosystems of different parts of the Sevastopol Bay were performed using the in situ data of inorganic nitrogen for the period 1998–2012 obtained from the MHI RAS oceanographic data bank. The paper compares values of ecosystem assimilative capacity calculated for inorganic nitrogen as a prevailing pollutant in municipal and storm wastewaters and E-TRIX trophic index of the sea ecosystem, with the technogenic load and biological process seasonality (warm and cold periods) of nutrient income taken into account. This allowed to properly distinguish water areas, which are most vulnerable in terms of formation of negative ecological events, up to disasters. According to the obtained data, such an area is that of the Yuzhnaya Bay. The second vulnerable water area is the eastern apex part of the Sevastopol bay exposed to the Chernaya River discharge. As the results showed, the situation worsens during winter and spring freshets due to increase in content of inorganic nitrogen forms in the Chernaya River runoff. The ecosystem of the western bay part adjoining the open sea is the safest in terms of nitrate nitrogen assimilative capacity, whereas the central part ecosystem appears to be the cleanest in terms of E-TRIX. The ecosystem most exposed to ecological risks in terms of both indices (assimilative capacity and E-TRIX) is that of the Yuzhnaya Bay (the southern part of the Sevastopol Bay). The observed imbalance of distribution of the calculated trophic index E-TRIX and assimilative capacity in different parts of the Sevastopol Bay is due to various nature of these quantities. The assimilative capacity of an ecosystem is defined by physical, chemical and biological processes given a dynamic removal of pollutants from the ecosystem, whereas E-TRIX is determined, in general, by seasonal variability of nutrient income into the ecosystem.

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"Trophic Status of the Dniester Delta Lakes in 2006-2017." Visnyk of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University series "Ecology", no. 18 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2018-18-04.

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Purpose. Assessment of trophic status of the Dniester deltaic part lakes (Bile, Svine, Tudorovo and Putrino) in 2006-2017. Methods. Determination of hydrological, hydrochemical and hydrobiological characteristics of the lakes aquatic environment has been performed using standard methodologies. Three indicators of eutrophication have been used: chlorophyll a concentration, number of bacterioplankton, trophic indices TSI and TRIX. Results. Peculiarities of physicochemical characteristics of water in the Dniester deltaic lakes have been analysed. Increased nutrients concentration has been revealed in all the lakes during past 12 years. The lowest oxygen content and oxygen saturation was established in water of the Putrino Lake, where at the same time the highest concentrations of total nitrogen and phosphorus were observed. Analysis of long-term changes of chlorophyll a and bacterioplankton has been done. Based on the lakes integrated study in summer time of 2006-2017, assessment of water trophic state has been for the first time performed for each deltaic lake. Statistical interrelations between trophic state indicators and physicochemical characteristics of the lakes have been revealed. Conclusions. It was established that the assessment of four deltaic lakes trophic status based on chlorophyll a, bacterioplankton and TSI trophic index practically coincided and evidenced increased of the lakes’ trophic status and decrease of water quality in 2012-2017 compared with previous years. All the eutrophication indicators in water of the lakes Svine, Tudorovo and Putrino during six last years corresponded to hypertrophic status, while in the Bile Lake most of eutrophication indicators were lower and corresponded to eutrophic status. Trophic index TRIX, which was developed for seawater assessment, practically always showed somewhat higher trophic status of the lakes than other indicators.

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Yến, Nguyễn Thị Cẩm, and Phạm Khắc Liệu. "ĐÁNH GIÁ TÌNH TRẠNG DINH DƯỠNG CỦA NƯỚC MỘT SỐ HỒ TRONG KINH THÀNH HUẾ QUA CÁC CHỈ SỐ DINH DƯỠNG." Hue University Journal of Science: Agriculture and Rural Development 75, no. 6 (March 26, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.26459/jard.v75i6.3153.

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Bài báo giới thiệu một cách tiếp cận mới trong đặc trưng tình trạng dinh dưỡng của nước các hồ trong Kinh Thành Huế, dựa trên các chỉ số dinh dưỡng. Các mẫu nước từ 8 hồ lựa chọn trong Kinh Thành Huế đã được lấy với tần suất 1 lần/tháng, từ tháng 4 đến tháng 8/2010, để phân tích các thông số chất lượng nước như pH, độ đục, DO, COD, T-N, T-P, chlorophyll-a. Các chỉ số TSI (Trophic State Index) theo Carlson và TRIX (Trophic Index) theo Wollenweider đã được tính toán từ các thông số chất lượng nước đo được. Kết quả cho thấy, trừ hồ Xã Tắc, các hồ được khảo sát còn lại đều có TSI > 70 và TRIX > 8, tức đều ở trong tình trạng phú dưỡng (từ giàu dinh dưỡng đến rất hay quá giàu dinh dưỡng).Chỉ số TSI (Chl-a) và chỉ số TRIX có thể thích hợp trong sử dụng để đánh giá tình trạng dinh dưỡng nước hồ ở các mức độ khác nhau, điều mà việc đánh giá dựa vào nồng độ của các chất dinh dưỡng không cho phép làm được. Từ khóa: chất lượng nước, hồ, Kinh Thành Huế, phú dưỡng, chỉ số dinh dưỡng.

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"Study of Changes of Trophic Status of the Kuchurganske Reservoir in 2006-2018." Man and Environment. Issues of Neoecology, no. 30 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/1992-4224-2018-30-06.

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Purpose. Assessment of the trophic status of water in the Kuchurganske Reservoir in 2006-2018. Methods. Determination of hydrological, hydrochemical and hydrobiological characteristics of the water body's environment has been done using standard methodologies. Four indicators of water eutrophication have been used: chlorophyll a concentration, bacterioplankton number, trophic indices TSI and TRIX. Results. Features of physicochemical characteristics of water in the water-body have been analysed. Higher water temperature has been registered in the middle and lower parts of the water-body compared with its upper reaches. Mineral content increase in water has been found in the direction from lower to upper part; the critical for hydrobionts life decrease of oxygen concentration has been registered in the upper reaches the most often. Analysis of long-term changes in chlorophyll a and bacterioplankton has been carried out. Statistical interconnections have been established between trophic state indicators and physicochemical characteristics of the reservoir. A close positive correlation has been registered between chlorophyll а content and bacterioplankton number, which is caused by the functional dependence of bacteria on the organic matter produced by phytoplankton. It has been shown that with an increase of water volume in the reservoir the value of these indicators of trophic status went down, which was proved by close negative correlation dependence between those values and the depth of water-body. It was demonstrated for the first time that water transparency revealed close significant negative correlation with all the indices and indicators of water trophic status, which evidenced the possibility to use the transparency as a simple indicator of water trophic state as established that the Kuchurganske Reservoir’s trophic status assessment on chlorophyll a, bacterioplankton and the TSI trophic index practically coincided and evidenced the increase in trophic status of the water-body from eutrophic to hypertrophic in last 2016-2018. The reservoir’s upper reaches were characterized by higher water trophicity compared with the central and lower parts. The values of TRIX trophic index developed for marine water assessment had practically always been showing higher trophic status compared to other indicators.

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Luz, Teresa Elane Bezerra, Mariana Kummer da Rocha Pinheiro, Ada Cristina Scudelari, and Cynara de Lourdes da Nóbrega Cunha. "Effects of different tidal inlet configurations on the water quality of an estuary lagoon complex in northeastern Brazil." RBRH 27 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2318-0331.272220220056.

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ABSTRACT The Mundaú-Manguaba Estuary Lagoon Complex (CELMM), located on the coast of Alagoas state in Northeastern Brazil, consists of two choked coastal lagoons connected to the Atlantic Ocean by a series of narrow channels, establishing a single tidal inlet, which dynamically alters their position. This study uses the modeling system SisBaHiA® (in Portuguese, Sistema Hidrodinâmico Ambiental) and Trophic Index (TRIX) to evaluate how morphological changes in the CELMM can influence the water quality of the lagoons. The results showed that water quality is mainly influenced by river discharge regimes, with no major changes in the region of the tidal inlet for the three simulated years (2006, 2014 and 2017). Trophic index showed greater changes in the rainy season, with a decline in values as river discharge increases, mainly in the northwest and central portions of the Mundaú Lagoon. In the Manguaba Lagoon an opposite pattern was found, namely a rise in the Trophic index with increased river discharges.

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Slepchuk, K. A., T. V. Khmara, and E. V. Man’kovskaya. "Comparative Assessment of the Trophic Level of the Sevastopol and South Bays using E-TRIX index." Morskoy gidrofizicheskiy zhurnal, no. 5 (October 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.22449/0233-7584-2017-5-67-78.

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Degtyareva, Larisa, Natalia Popova, and Maxim Ocheretny. "ASSESSMENT OF THE TROPHIC LEVEL OF THE SHALLOW WATER ZONE OF THE NORTHERN CASPIAN USING THE E-TRIX INDEX." Астраханский вестник экологического образования, December 28, 2022, 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36698/2304-5957-2022-6-39-45.

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Silva, Victor Eduardo Cury, Davide Franco, Alessandra Larissa Fonseca, Maria Luiza Fontes, and Alejandro Rodolfo Donnangelo. "Space time evolution of the trophic state of a subtropical lagoon: Lagoa da Conceição, Florianópolis Island of Santa Catarina, Brazil." RBRH 22 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2318-0331.011716027.

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ABSTRACT High levels of eutrophication in coastal lagoons due to human activity have been documented worldwide. Among the main impacts observed are anoxia, hypoxia, toxic algal blooms, fish kills, loss of biodiversity and loss of bathing. This study aimed to evaluate the evolution of the trophic state of Lagoa da Conceição, a subtropical lagoon located in an urbanized watershed on the island of Santa Catarina - Brazil. Spatio temporal patterns of stratification and eutrophication were investigated to understand the main biochemical changes over time. The water quality data were obtained from field campaigns supplemented with literature of the last 15 years. The vertical structure of the water column and the trophic state were evaluated by the stratification index and the TRIX index, respectively. Analyses of variance were performed in order to identify possible temporal variations in vertical stratification and trophic level. Eutrophication effects on biogeochemical cycles were verified through a multi-dimensional cluster analysis (MDS) and correlations between variables related to physical, chemical and biological processes were verified by principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that the water column is homogeneous in all regions except in the central region of the lagoon, and the highest ammonia concentrations and lowest dissolved oxygen concentrations with periods of anoxia are observed in bottom waters. The study looked at the high trophic level of the lagoon and its inability to process the biogeochemical changes imposed by urban development.

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Slepchuk, K. A., T. V. Khmara, and E. V. Man’kovskaya. "Comparative Assessment of the Trophic Level of the Sevastopol and Yuzhnaya Bays Using E-TRIX Index." Physical Oceanography, no. 5 (November 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.22449/1573-160x-2017-5-60-70.

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Santos, Everson Oliveira, and Paulo Ricardo Petter Medeiros. "Anthropic Action and the Eutrophication Process in the Paraíba do Meio River." Sociedade & Natureza, January 9, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/sn-v35-2023-66441x.

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The appropriation and use of a hydrographic basin by society is a historical process, necessary and, above all, a generator of environmental problems that greatly alter the quality of water. One of the problems related to water quality is eutrophication. Many aquatic ecosystems have suffered from this problem, which consists of large inputs of Phosphorus and Nitrogen introduced into the riverbed, for example, through domestic and/or industrial effluents. This context of change in water quality by human action triggers the significant growth of phytoplanktonic and phytobenthic organisms, thus causing an imbalance in the dynamics of the aquatic ecosystem, as well as damage to society. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the Trophic State of the Paraíba do Meio River and understand the unfolding and influences of society's relationship with the river and how this relationship has contributed to the eutrophication process. The materials and methods were based on: data acquisition of chemical and physical parameters from campaigns carried out monthly during the hydrological year of 2013; flow and precipitation data; adequate sanitary sewage data; laboratory analyses; determination of the Trophic State Index by the TRIX Model. It was evidenced that due to the varied anthropic activities that occurred in the hydrographic basin in question, with the significant introduction of nutrients such as Phosphorus and Nitrogen in the river bed, during the hydrological year of 2013, the Paraíba do Meio river presented different stages of eutrophication that range from mesotrophic to eutrophic.

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Friedland, René, Diego Macias, Gianpiero Cossarini, Ute Daewel, Claude Estournel, Elisa Garcia-Gorriz, Bruna Grizzetti, et al. "Effects of Nutrient Management Scenarios on Marine Eutrophication Indicators: A Pan-European, Multi-Model Assessment in Support of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive." Frontiers in Marine Science 8 (March 24, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.596126.

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A novel pan-European marine model ensemble was established, covering nearly all seas under the regulation of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), with the aim of providing a consistent assessment of the potential impacts of riverine nutrient reduction scenarios on marine eutrophication indicators. For each sea region, up to five coupled biogeochemical models from institutes all over Europe were brought together for the first time. All model systems followed a harmonised scenario approach and ran two simulations, which varied only in the riverine nutrient inputs. The load reductions were evaluated with the catchment model GREEN and represented the impacts due to improved management of agriculture and wastewater treatment in all European river systems. The model ensemble, comprising 15 members, was used to assess changes to the core eutrophication indicators as defined within MSFD Descriptor 5. In nearly all marine regions, riverine load reductions led to reduced nutrient concentrations in the marine environment. However, regionally the nutrient input reductions led to an increase in the non-limiting nutrient in the water, especially in the case of phosphate concentrations in the Black Sea. Further core eutrophication indicators, such as chlorophyll-a, bottom oxygen and the Trophic Index TRIX, improved nearly everywhere, but the changes were less pronounced than for the inorganic nutrients. The model ensemble displayed strong consistency and robustness, as most if not all models indicated improvements in the same areas. There were substantial differences between the individual seas in the speed of response to the reduced nutrient loads. In the North Sea ensemble, a stable plateau was reached after only three years, while the simulation period of eight years was too short to obtain steady model results in the Baltic Sea. The ensemble exercise confirmed the importance of improved management of agriculture and wastewater treatments in the river catchments to reduce marine eutrophication. Several shortcomings were identified, the outcome of different approaches to compute the mean change was estimated and potential improvements are discussed to enhance policy support. Applying a model ensemble enabled us to obtain highly robust and consistent model results, substantially decreasing uncertainties in the scenario outcome.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Trophic index TRIX'

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