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Journal articles on the topic 'Trophic ecology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 22 June 2024

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1

Hu, Guan Yu, Jian Hua Li, Bi Lin Liu, Na Liu, and Xin Jun Chen. "Trophic ecology of Humboldt squid (." Marine and Freshwater Research 73, no. 4 (December 20, 2021): 469–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf21183.

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The sclerotised beaks of cephalopods have emerged as useful material to track their habitat and trophic ecology by using stable isotope analysis, because beaks grow continuously throughout their life without replacement. Here, stable isotopes of δ13C and δ15N in five continuous sections along the crest were measured to investigate the potential ontogenetic habitat shift and foraging-ecology change of Dosidicus gigas from the oceanic waters off Ecuador. In total, 90 sections from 18 upper beaks were examined with δ13C values of −18.99 to −17.49‰ and δ15N values of 0.69 to 7.09‰. Kruskal–Wallis test showed that there were significant differences in both isotopes between sections. The result of generalised additive models showed a significant overall decrease in both δ13C and δ15N values across the beak crest. The corrected standard ellipse area (SEAc) of the beak sections was 0.48 to 0.93‰2, with no high overlap between the two sections, with values ranging from 0.00 to 0.57. High individual variation of δ15N values in most beak sections indicated that D. gigas in our study area appears to have a generalist food spectrum in most of its life history, except for the stage just before being captured.

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2

STAPP, PAUL. "Trophic Cascades and Disease Ecology." EcoHealth 4, no. 2 (May 9, 2007): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10393-007-0099-z.

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3

Djeghri, N., P. Pondaven, F. Le Grand, A. Bideau, N. Duquesne, M. Stockenreiter, S. Behl, et al. "High trophic plasticity in the mixotrophic Mastigias papua-Symbiodiniaceae holobiont: implications for the ecology of zooxanthellate jellyfishes." Marine Ecology Progress Series 666 (May 20, 2021): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13707.

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The trophic ecology of mixotrophic, zooxanthellate jellyfishes potentially spans a wide spectrum between autotrophy and heterotrophy. However, their degree of trophic plasticity along this spectrum is not well known. To better characterize their trophic ecology, we sampled the zooxanthellate medusa Mastigias papua in contrasting environments and sizes in Palau (Micronesia). We characterized their trophic ecology using isotopic (bulk δ13C and δ15N), elemental (C:N ratios), and fatty acid compositions. The different trophic indicators were correlated or anti-correlated as expected (Pearson’s correlation coefficient, rP > 0.5 or < -0.5 in 91.1% of cases, p < 0.05), indicating good agreement. The sampled M. papua were ordered in a trophic spectrum between autotrophy and heterotrophy (supported by decreasing δ13C, C:N, proportion of neutral lipid fatty acids (NLFA:TLFA), n-3:n-6 and increasing δ15N, eicosapentaenoic acid to docosahexaenoic acid ratio (EPA:DHA)). This trophic spectrum was mostly driven by sampling location with little influence of medusa size. Moreover, previous observations have shown that in a given location, the trophic ecology of M. papua can change over time. Thus, the positions on the trophic spectrum of the populations sampled here are not fixed, suggesting high trophic plasticity in M. papua. The heterotrophic end of the trophic spectrum was occupied by non-symbiotic M. papua, whereas the literature indicates that the autotrophic end of the spectrum corresponds to dominant autotrophy, where more than 100% of the carbon requirement is obtained by photosynthesis. Such high trophic plasticity has critical implications for the trophic ecology and blooming ability of zooxanthellate jellyfishes.

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4

Ode, Paul J. "Plant toxins and parasitoid trophic ecology." Current Opinion in Insect Science 32 (April 2019): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2019.01.007.

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5

LINDEMAN, R. "The trophic-dynamic aspect of ecology." Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 53, no. 1-2 (1991): 167–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8240(05)80045-x.

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6

Lindeman, Raymond L. "The trophic-dynamic aspect of ecology." Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 53, no. 1-2 (March 1991): 167–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02464428.

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7

Quiroga, Virginia, Rodrigo E. Lorenzón, Gisela Maglier, and Ana L. Ronchi-Virgolini. "Relationship between Morphology and Trophic Ecology in an Assemblage of Passerine Birds in Riparian Forests of the Paraná River (Argentina)." Avian Biology Research 11, no. 1 (February 2018): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/175815617x15114328596437.

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We describe the ecomorphology of an assemblage of bird species found in riparian forests of the Middle Paraná River, Argentina. We sought to determine (1) the more important morphological characteristics that separate coexisting species, (2) whether such separation was related to the trophic ecology of each species and (3) whether a priori guilds showed morphological similarity. We tested the hypotheses that (a) a species’ morphology is related to the trophic ecology of that species and (b) that species of a priori guilds are morphometrically more similar to each other than to species of different a priori guilds. For this, we considered an assemblage of 29 species of birds from riparian forest that were sampled with mist nets during the 2011 and 2014 breeding seasons. We obtained morphometric measurements of captured individuals and supplemented those data with measurements from museum specimens. Trophic characterisation (diet and trophic microhabitat) was based on a literature review. Results showed a separation of bird species as a function of variables related to trophic ecology (diets and trophic microhabitats) and morphology. After controlling for phylogenetic constraint, species’ morphology partially reflected the trophic ecology of the species, supporting the central hypothesis of the ecomorphological discipline and showing that the use of trophic and morphometric data provides complementary data to improve the guild organisation of riparian bird assemblages.

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8

Milne, Damian J., Chris J. Burwell, and Chris R. Pavey. "Dietary composition of insectivorous bats of the Top End of Australia." Australian Mammalogy 38, no. 2 (2016): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am15044.

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Diet and, more broadly, trophic ecology is an important aspect of microbat ecology that provides valuable information on how species interact and persist within the environment. In this study, we assessed the trophic ecology of a microbat assemblage in the wet–dry tropics of northern Australia. On the basis of analysis of stomach and faecal contents, we assessed 23 species representing seven families, including three species (Taphozous kapalgensis, Nyctophilus arnhemensis and Pipistrellus adamsi) for which no previous dietary data are available. Insects were the principal food source of all species in the Top End microbat assemblage. For foraging guilds, a higher percentage of Orthoptera and Coleoptera were present in species from the ‘Uncluttered’ guild whereas a higher percentage of Lepidoptera were taken by bats in the ‘Background clutter’ and ‘Highly cluttered’ guilds. However, there was considerable overlap between microbat diets irrespective of foraging strategy.

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9

Gusakova, Natalia, and Alena Guseva. "Development of the Model for Determining of the Trophic Status of Shallow-Water Reservoir." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 2578–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.2578.

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A model for determining of the Taganrog Bay’s trophic status as per hydrochemical indexes is developed. The independent variables for the model are determined, they are: concentration of nitrates, nitrites, ammonium ion, phosphates, temperature, salinity and current velocity. The water reservoir’s trophic status research is conducted, its modern trophic status, the ecology allowable concentration of biogens and the ecology reserves for the water reservoir have been calculated.

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10

Galloway, Aaron W. E., and Suzanne M. Budge. "The critical importance of experimentation in biomarker-based trophic ecology." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1804 (June 15, 2020): 20190638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0638.

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Fatty acids are commonly used as biomarkers for making inferences about trophic relationships in aquatic and soil food webs. However, researchers are often unaware of the physiological constraints within organisms on the trophic transfer and modification of dietary biomarkers in consumers. Fatty acids are bioactive molecules, which have diverse structures and functions that both complicate and enhance their value as trophic tracers. For instance, consumers may synthesize confounding non-dietary sourced markers from precursor molecules, and environmental conditions also affect fatty acid composition. There is a vital need for more research on the uptake and transfer of trophic biomarkers in individual organisms in order to advance the field and make meaningful use of these tools at the scale of populations or ecosystems. This special issue is focused on controlled feeding experiments on a diverse taxonomic breadth of model consumers from freshwater, marine and soil ecosystems with a goal of creating a more integrated understanding of the connection between consumer physiology and trophic ecology. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The next horizons for lipids as ‘trophic biomarkers’: evidence and significance of consumer modification of dietary fatty acids'.

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11

Gorman, Courtney E., and C. Darrin Hulsey. "Non-trophic Functional Ecology of Vertebrate Teeth: A Review." Integrative and Comparative Biology 60, no. 3 (June 23, 2020): 665–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaa086.

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Synopsis Teeth are critical to the functional ecology of vertebrate trophic abilities, but are also used for a diversity of other non-trophic tasks. Teeth can play a substantial role in how animals move, manipulate their environment, positively interact with conspecifics, antagonistically interact with other organisms, and sense the environment. We review these non-trophic functions in an attempt to place the utility of human and all other vertebrate dentitions in a more diverse framework that emphasizes an expanded view of the functional importance and ecological diversity of teeth. In light of the extensive understanding of the developmental genetics, trophic functions, and evolutionary history of teeth, comparative studies of vertebrate dentitions will continue to provide unique insights into multi-functionality, many-to-one mapping, and the evolution of novel abilities.

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12

Esteves, Katharina Eichbaum, José Marcelo Rocha Aranha, and Míriam Pilz Albrecht. "ECOLOGIA TRÓFICA DE PEIXES DE RIACHO: UMA RELEITURA 20 ANOS DEPOIS." Oecologia Australis 25, no. 02 (June 16, 2021): 266–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2021.2502.04.

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The great extent and diversity of ecological conditions of stream ecosystems in Brazil are widely recognized. In the last two decades, studies on stream fishes have contributed to the knowledge about their trophic ecology. However, the large amount of available information is yet fragmented. This chapter presents the state of the art of studies about feeding and trophic ecology of stream fishes in Brazil, an essential topic to understand ecosystem functioning. The review presented here was based on searches on different databases (Scopus, Web of Science, ASFA and Scielo). Results included studies that used different methods and approaches to evaluate the diet of fish species and assemblages, their relationship with morphology and ontogenetic variation, resource partitioning, seasonal and spatial variations, and anthropic impacts on trophic interactions. Finally, knowledge gaps and perspectives for future studies on fish trophic ecology are pointed out, including responses to anthropic influences, theoretical aspects, and the use of underexplored approaches to the subject, which may aid to our understanding of tropical streams

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13

Plaza, Jeszianlenn L., Ephrime B. Metillo, and Marites B. Sanguila. "Trophic ecology of syntopic anurans of tropical stream communities." Journal of Tropical Ecology 37, no. 3 (May 2021): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467421000158.

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AbstractWe investigated trophic resource partitioning in seven syntopic anurans from low- and mid-elevation stream habitats of a tropical riparian ecosystem by utilising stomach content analysis (SCA) and stable isotope analysis (SIA). Our SCA data revealed dietary similarities, narrow trophic niche breadth, and low dietary niche overlap in Ansonia muelleri, Limnonectes magnus, Occidozyga laevis, Megophrys stejnegeri, Pulchrana grandocula, Sanguirana mearnsi, and Staurois natator which could be attributed to these anurans’ selection of available local prey items. We confirmed ant-specialisation (myrmecophagy) of the Mindanao island endemic bufonid A. muelleri based on our temporal SCA dietary data. Our SIA estimates of assimilation of potential prey sources confirmed that L. magnus, P. grandocula, and O. laevis are generalist predators, opportunistically feeding on locally abundant insect prey items. This study on trophic resource partitioning in syntopic anurans provides the first picture of trophic interactions, i.e., predation and competition in stream communities in tropical riparian zones of a watershed ecosystem in northeast Mindanao of the southern Philippines.

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14

Elias-Piera, F., S. Rossi, JM Gili, and C. Orejas. "Trophic ecology of seven Antarctic gorgonian species." Marine Ecology Progress Series 477 (March 12, 2013): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps10152.

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15

Tierno de Figueroa, J. M., and M. J. López-Rodríguez. "Trophic ecology of Plecoptera (Insecta): a review." European Zoological Journal 86, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 79–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24750263.2019.1592251.

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16

Jordán, F. "Trophic fields." Community Ecology 2, no. 2 (December 2001): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/comec.2.2001.2.5.

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17

Figgener, Christine, Joseph Bernardo, and Pamela T. Plotkin. "Beyond trophic morphology: stable isotopes reveal ubiquitous versatility in marine turtle trophic ecology." Biological Reviews 94, no. 6 (July 24, 2019): 1947–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/brv.12543.

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18

Yule, Catherine Mary. "Trophic relationships and food webs of the benthic invertebrate fauna of two aseasonal tropical streams on Bougainville Island, Papua New Guinea." Journal of Tropical Ecology 12, no. 4 (July 1996): 517–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400009755.

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ABSTRACTThe trophic ecology of Konaino Creek, a small mountain headwater stream draining rainforest in the aseasonal tropics on Bougainville Island, Papua New Guinea, was examined and a food web was constructed. The major source of energy in Konaiano Creek was allochthonous detritus, most of which had been terrestrially degraded to fine particulate organic matter rather than entering the stream as leaf litter. This fine detritus was collected by the filter-feeders (mostly Simuliidae and also Hydropsychidae) which formed the dominant functional feeding group (64.4% of the fauna). Thus filterers processed most of the allochthonous detritus and made the energy available to other trophic levels, rather than shredders (1.7% of the fauna) which perform this role in temperate headwater streams. Collector-gatherers made up 22.7% of the fauna, carnivorses, mostly Odonata, Decapoda (crabs) and Hydrobiosidae, comprised 2.8% of the fauna and grazer-scrapers made up 7.4%. The latter were inhibited by low instream production owing to heavy shading and the instability and abrasion of the substrate due to frequent spates. In comparison, the trophic ecology of the nearby, coastal, Bovo River (with a catchment mainly in rainforest but mostly cleared with introduced species at the study site) was quite different and it was dominated by collector-gatherers (74%) and grazer-scrapers (15%).

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19

Poelman, Erik H., Antonino Cusumano, and Jetske G. de Boer. "The Ecology of Hyperparasitoids." Annual Review of Entomology 67, no. 1 (January 7, 2022): 143–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-060921-072718.

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Hyperparasitoids are some of the most diverse members of insect food webs. True hyperparasitoids parasitize the larvae of other parasitoids, reaching these larvae with their ovipositor through the herbivore that hosts the parasitoid larva. During pupation, primary parasitoids also may be attacked by pseudohyperparasitoids that lay their eggs on the parasitoid (pre)pupae. By attacking primary parasitoids, hyperparasitoids may affect herbivore population dynamics, and they have been identified as a major challenge in biological control. Over the past decades, research, especially on aphid- and caterpillar-associated hyperparasitoids, has revealed that hyperparasitoids challenge rules on nutrient use efficiency in trophic chains, account for herbivore outbreaks, or stabilize competitive interactions in lower trophic levels, and they may use cues derived from complex interaction networks to locate their hosts. This review focuses on the fascinating ecology of hyperparasitoids related to how they exploit and locate their often inconspicuous hosts and the insect community processes in which hyperparasitoids are prominent players.

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20

Centomo, Emma, Luca Roner, Marco Salvatori, Paolo Pedrini, and Antonio Romano. "Rare and Hungry: Feeding Ecology of the Golden Alpine Salamander, an Endangered Amphibian in the Alps." Animals 13, no. 13 (June 28, 2023): 2135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13132135.

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Amphibians are considered critical species in the nutrient flow within and across ecosystems, and knowledge on their trophic ecology and niches is crucial for their conservation. For the first time we studied for the first time the trophic ecology of the rare and endemic Salamandra atra aurorae in a mixed temperate forest in northern Italy. We aimed to define the realized trophic niche, investigate the prey selectivity and explore possible levels of individual specialization. In summer 2022 we obtained stomach contents from 53 salamanders by stomach flushing and prey availability using pitfall traps. We used the Costello graphical method to analyse the realized trophic niche, and the relativized electivity index to study prey selectivity. Our results show that the Golden Alpine salamander adopts a generalist feeding strategy with positive selection of few prey categories (e.g., Myriapoda, Hymenoptera except Formicidae). Food preference seems to be driven by size, movement ability and chitinization of the prey. A high degree of inter-individual diet variation, modularity and clustering was found, describing a scenario that can be framed in a Distinct Preference model framework. This study gives new insights on the trophic ecology of the Alpine salamander complex, whose subspecies appear to adopt similar feeding strategies.

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21

García-Padrón, L. Yusnaviel, Geydis León Amador, Mariela Mezquía Delgado, and Yusvel Martínez Serrano. "Trophic ecology and morphology of Anolis bartschi (Squamata: Dactyloidae) in Viñales National Park, Cuba." Phyllomedusa: Journal of Herpetology 19, no. 2 (December 12, 2020): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v19i2p177-187.

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Trophic ecology and morphology of Anolis bartschi (Squamata: Dactyloidae) in Parque Nacional Viñales, Cuba. Little is known about the trophic ecology of most anoles of Cuba. Morphology is directly related to ecological functions in lizards, such as feeding strategies, interspecifc competition or energetic demands linked to reproduction. Anolis bartschi is a regionally endemic species, restricted to karstic hills of western Cuba. Here, we offer new insights into the trophic ecology of this species, and its relation to head morphology. We captured 131 adults; males were larger than females in size and head width. Most of them had prey in their stomachs. Males consumed more prey than females, but the latter consumed larger prey. Prey overlap within sexes was detected in the dry season, but trophic segregation occurred in the rainy season. Hymenoptera was the most frequently consumed prey in both sexes. In addition, females ate Blattodea and Coleoptera, and males consumed more Diptera. We suggest that this lizard prefers sedentary rather than mobile prey. According to our dataset and feld observations, A. bartschi is a bimodal forager lizard, but research on temporal (daily and annual) variation in diet is recommended for a proper forage classifcation of this lizard.

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22

Cabanillas-Terán, Nancy, Peggy Loor-Andrade, Ruber Rodríguez-Barreras, and Jorge Cortés. "Trophic ecology of sea urchins in coral-rocky reef systems, Ecuador." PeerJ 4 (January 14, 2016): e1578. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1578.

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Sea urchins are important grazers and influence reef development in the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP).Diadema mexicanumandEucidaris thouarsiiare the most important sea urchins on the Ecuadorian coastal reefs. This study provided a trophic scenario for these two species of echinoids in the coral-rocky reef bottoms of the Ecuadorian coast, using stable isotopes. We evaluated the relative proportion of algal resources assimilated, and trophic niche of the two sea urchins in the most southern coral-rocky reefs of the ETP in two sites with different disturbance level. Bayesian models were used to estimate the contribution of algal sources, niche breadth, and trophic overlap between the two species. The sea urchins behaved as opportunistic feeders, although they showed differential resource assimilation.Eucidaris thouarsiiis the dominant species in disturbed environments; likewise, their niche amplitude was broader than that ofD. mexicanumwhen conditions were not optimal. However, there was no niche overlap between the species. The Stable Isotope Analysis in R (SIAR) indicated that both sea urchins shared limiting resources in the disturbed area, mainlyDictyotaspp. (contributions of up to 85% forD. mexicanumand up to 75% forE. thouarsii). The Stable Isotope Bayesian Ellipses in R (SIBER) analysis results indicated less interspecific competition in the undisturbed site. Our results suggested a trophic niche partitioning between sympatric sea urchin species in coastal areas of the ETP, but the limitation of resources could lead to trophic overlap and stronger habitat degradation.

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23

Pita, Pablo, and Juan Freire. "Trophic ecology of an Atlantic kelp forest fish assemblage (NW Spain) targeted by recreational fishers and implications for coastal management." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 99, no. 1 (December 7, 2017): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315417001862.

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Although necessary for sustainable management of coastal ecosystems the understanding of trophic ecology of kelp fishes remains largely limited in the NE Atlantic. In this paper, stable isotope ratios of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), complementarily with analyses of stomach contents, were used to investigate the trophic ecology of an Atlantic kelp forest fish assemblage targeted by spear fishers in Galicia (NW Spain). Trophic habits of the fishes were consistent across the species ranges and six trophic niches were identified. Chelon labrosus was the only pelagic omnivore, while Conger conger and Dicentrarchus labrax were the principal predators, preying on benthic osteichthyes. The intermediate carnivorous Diplodus sargus mainly preyed on benthic molluscs, while Labrus bergylta exploited a wider range of prey. Although associated with different trophic niches, the two morphotypes of L. bergylta showed some degree of diet overlap, providing little support to the hypothesis of their separate management. Moreover, L. bergylta can be a keystone species whose adequate management has relevant implications for the sustainable use of the European kelp forest ecosystems.

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24

Vander Zanden, HB, KE Arthur, AB Bolten, BN Popp, CJ Lagueux, E. Harrison, CL Campbell, and KA Bjorndal. "Trophic ecology of a green turtle breeding population." Marine Ecology Progress Series 476 (February 27, 2013): 237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps10185.

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25

King, J. Logan, Justin S. Sipla, Justin A. Georgi, Amy M. Balanoff, and James M. Neenan. "The endocranium and trophic ecology of Velociraptor mongoliensis." Journal of Anatomy 237, no. 5 (July 10, 2020): 861–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joa.13253.

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26

Wahl, David H., Kathleen Bruner, and Larry A. Nielsen. "Trophic Ecology of Freshwater Drum in Large Rivers." Journal of Freshwater Ecology 4, no. 4 (December 1988): 483–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02705060.1988.9665198.

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Guzman, Laura Melissa, Rachel M. Germain, Coreen Forbes, Samantha Straus, Mary I. O'Connor, Dominique Gravel, Diane S. Srivastava, and Patrick L. Thompson. "Towards a multi‐trophic extension of metacommunity ecology." Ecology Letters 22, no. 1 (October 28, 2018): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.13162.

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Pollo, César J., and Valentı́n Perez-Mellado. "Trophic ecology of a taxocenosis of mediterranean Lacertidae." Ecologia mediterranea 14, no. 3 (1988): 131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecmed.1988.1225.

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29

Saccò, Mattia, Alison J. Blyth, William F. Humphreys, Alison Kuhl, Debashish Mazumder, Colin Smith, and Kliti Grice. "Elucidating stygofaunal trophic web interactions via isotopic ecology." PLOS ONE 14, no. 10 (October 16, 2019): e0223982. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223982.

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30

DeAngelis, Donald L. "The case for ratio dependence in trophic ecology." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 28, no. 5 (May 2013): 259–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2012.12.002.

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31

Sackett, Dana K., Jeffrey C. Drazen, C. Anela Choy, Brian Popp, and Gerald L. Pitz. "Mercury Sources and Trophic Ecology for Hawaiian Bottomfish." Environmental Science & Technology 49, no. 11 (May 13, 2015): 6909–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01009.

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32

Toledo, Pamela, Edwin J. Niklitschek, Audrey M. Darnaude, Félix P. Leiva, Chris Harrod, Sergio Lillo, Vilma Ojeda, et al. "The trophic ecology of partial migration: insights from Merluccius australis off NW Patagonia." ICES Journal of Marine Science 77, no. 5 (June 18, 2020): 1927–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsaa065.

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Abstract Partial migration, where migrant and resident organisms coexist within the same population, has been found in many fishes. Although it seems obvious that different life cycles exploit habitats and food webs differently, few assessments about the trophic consequences of partial migration are available. To unveil part of this complexity, we combined otolith chemistry with stable isotope analyses data for hind-casting Merluccius australis habitat use and diet composition at age. By providing detailed information about lifetime variability in diet, trophic position, and prey demand of four M. australis life-cycle types, we show that these groups feed differentially in estuarine and oceanic habitats throughout their ontogeny. Although trophic positions were similar between habitats for juvenile and subadults, substantial differences between life-cycle types were found regarding lifetime diet and trophic demand. Thus, the more abundant and heavily exploited oceanic stock of M. australis was heavily dependent of estuarine habitats within the Patagonian Fjords System, where it consumes large biomasses of Macruronus magellanicus, Pasiphaea, Sprattus fuegensis, and Euphausiidae at earlier stages. We show ignoring trophic consequences of partial migration and life-cycle diversity may produce highly biased results, both in terms of prey and habitat use, which appears critical for multispecies and ecosystem management approaches.

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Elizarenko, M. M., A. F. Sokolsky, and G. M. Abdurakhmanov. "BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY AND TROPHIC ECOLOGY OF COMMON KILKA CLUPEONELLA DELICATULA CASPIA SVETOV." South of Russia: ecology, development, no. 1 (November 17, 2014): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2012-1-80-87.

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34

Leonhard, Isabella, Bryan Shirley, Duncan J. E. Murdock, John Repetski, and Emilia Jarochowska. "Growth and feeding ecology of coniform conodonts." PeerJ 9 (December 14, 2021): e12505. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12505.

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Conodonts were the first vertebrates to develop mineralized dental tools, known as elements. Recent research suggests that conodonts were macrophagous predators and/or scavengers but we do not know how this feeding habit emerged in the earliest coniform conodonts, since most studies focus on the derived, ‘complex’ conodonts. Previous modelling of element position and mechanical properties indicate they were capable of food processing. A direct test would be provided through evidence of in vivo element crown tissue damage or through in vivo incorporated chemical proxies for a shift in their trophic position during ontogeny. Here we focus on coniform elements from two conodont taxa, the phylogenetically primitive Proconodontus muelleri Miller, 1969 from the late Cambrian and the more derived Panderodus equicostatus Rhodes, 1954 from the Silurian. Proposing that this extremely small sample is, however, representative for these taxa, we aim to describe in detail the growth of an element from each of these taxa in order to the test the following hypotheses: (1) Panderodus and Proconodontus processed hard food, which led to damage of their elements consistent with prey capture function; and (2) both genera shifted towards higher trophic levels during ontogeny. We employed backscatter electron (BSE) imaging, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) to identify growth increments, wear and damage surfaces, and the Sr/Ca ratio in bioapatite as a proxy for the trophic position. Using these data, we can identify whether they exhibit determinate or indeterminate growth and whether both species followed linear or allometric growth dynamics. Growth increments (27 in Pa. equicostatus and 58 in Pr. muelleri) were formed in bundles of 4–7 increments in Pa. equicostatus and 7–9 in Pr. muelleri. We interpret the bundles as analogous to Retzius periodicity in vertebrate teeth. Based on applied optimal resource allocation models, internal periodicity might explain indeterminate growth in both species. They also allow us to interpret the almost linear growth of both individuals as an indicator that there was no size-dependent increase in mortality in the ecosystems where they lived e.g., as would be the case in the presence of larger predators. Our findings show that periodic growth was present in early conodonts and preceded tissue repair in response to wear and damage. We found no microwear and the Sr/Ca ratio, and therefore the trophic position, did not change substantially during the lifetimes of either individual. Trophic ecology of coniform conodonts differed from the predatory and/or scavenger lifestyle documented for “complex” conodonts. We propose that conodonts adapted their life histories to top-down controlled ecosystems during the Nekton Revolution.

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35

Borrell, Asunción, Luis Cardona, Ramanathan P. Kumarran, and Alejandro Aguilar. "Trophic ecology of elasmobranchs caught off Gujarat, India, as inferred from stable isotopes." ICES Journal of Marine Science 68, no. 3 (December 12, 2010): 547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq170.

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Abstract Borrell, A., Cardona, L., Kumarran, R. P., and Aguilar, A. 2011. Trophic ecology of elasmobranchs caught off Gujarat, India, as inferred from stable isotopes. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: . Habitat use and trophic levels were investigated in 13 species of elasmobranch caught off Gujarat, India, through their isotopic composition. Most of the animals were fished commercially and were immature, suggesting that fisheries operate in nursery habitats. All of the sharks analysed except Rhincodon typus had a higher estimated trophic level (>3.8) than rays and guitarfish (<3.8), suggesting a diet of bony fish and cephalopods. The trophic level of Sphyrna lewini and R. typus increased with total length, indicating ontogenetic dietary shifts, but the other species did not follow this trend. According to their δ13C values, R. typus, Mobula diabolus, and, surprisingly, Rhina ancylostoma appeared to be the most pelagic species. In comparison, Stegostoma fasciatum, Pristis pectinata, Rhinobatos granulatus, and Aetomylaeus maculatus appeared to be the most demersal, inshore species, and their δ13C signatures were significantly different from those of the three aforementioned species.

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Palkovacs, Eric P., Ben A. Wasserman, and Michael T. Kinnison. "Eco-Evolutionary Trophic Dynamics: Loss of Top Predators Drives Trophic Evolution and Ecology of Prey." PLoS ONE 6, no. 4 (April 19, 2011): e18879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018879.

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37

Polis, Gary A., Anna L. W. Sears, Gary R. Huxel, Donald R. Strong, and John Maron. "When is a trophic cascade a trophic cascade?" Trends in Ecology & Evolution 15, no. 11 (November 2000): 473–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5347(00)01971-6.

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Oksanen, Lauri. "Trophic levels and trophic dynamics: A consensus emerging?" Trends in Ecology & Evolution 6, no. 2 (February 1991): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(91)90124-g.

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39

Albuquerque, F. V., A. F. Navia, T. Vaske, O. Crespo, and F. H. V. Hazin. "Trophic ecology of large pelagic fish in the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago, Brazil." Marine and Freshwater Research 70, no. 10 (2019): 1402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18352.

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Trophic relationships of large pelagic predators can determine the structure and dynamics of oceanic food webs. The feeding habits and trophic ecology of five large pelagic fish (Acanthocybium solandri, Coryphaena hippurus, Elagatis bipinnulata, Thunnus albacares and Thunnus atlanticus) in the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago were evaluated to determine whether there is a trophic-niche overlap or resource partitioning among them. Eighty prey items found in 1528 stomachs were identified and grouped into Cephalopoda, Cnidaria, Crustacea, Gastropoda, Teleostei and Tunicata. Exocoetidae and Scombridae were the main prey in the diet of Acanthocybium solandri. In C. hippurus, Cheilopogon cyanopterus and Exocoetus volitans were the most important prey items, whereas C. cyanopterus was the main prey for T. albacares. Thunnus atlanticus consumed a great proportion of invertebrate species, with shrimps of Sergestidae family being particularly important. The gastropod Cavolinia sp. was the most important prey for E. bipinnulata. The five species had a high trophic specialisation and a high trophic level (>4.4), whereas most dietary overlaps were consistently low. The most important factor for diet dissimilarity was the consumption of Exocoetidade. All species were classified as top predators with varied diets, indicating their structural and functional importance in the food web of the Archipelago.

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40

Gaston, Gary R., Chet F. Rakocinski, Steven S. Brown, and Carol M. Cleveland. "Trophic function in estuaries: response of macrobenthos to natural and contaminant gradients." Marine and Freshwater Research 49, no. 8 (1998): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf97089.

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Trophic ecology of macrobenthic communities in estuaries of the northern Gulf of Mexico was used to infer community function, determine effects of contaminants on macrobenthos, and provide insight into community responses following disturbance. The taxa that numerically dominated the region included few large, deep-burrowing suspension feeders that typify estuaries elsewhere. This pattern is indicative of disturbance, and results in dominance by trophic groups that live near the sediment–water interface (early benthic-community succession). Trophic structure was significantly related to several sediment contaminants (especially metals, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, DDT), and three environmental gradients (salinity, depth, and sediment silt–clay content). Generally, trophic diversity increased and proportion of subsurface-deposit feeders (SSDF) decreased with salinity, meaning that a more even distribution of trophic structure was found at high-salinity stations. The trophic shift toward dominance by shallow, subsurface-deposit feeders in contaminated habitats may have dire implications for fisheries. Several important commercial and recreational fisheries of the region depend on fish that feed primarily at the sediment surface. Higher proportion of subsurface-deposit feeders, coupled with low macrobenthic density in contaminated sediments, may imply that limited energy is transferred to higher trophic levels.

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Krebs, Charles J. "Whither mammalian ecology?" Journal of Mammalogy 101, no. 5 (July 23, 2020): 1224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa072.

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Abstract The critical agenda for mammalian ecologists over this century is to obtain a synthetic and predictive understanding of the factors that limit the distribution and abundance of mammals on Earth. During the last 100 years, a start has been made on this agenda, but only a start. Most mammal species have been described, but there still are tropical areas of undisclosed species richness. We have been measuring changes in distribution and abundance of many common mammals during the last century, and this monitoring agenda has become more critical as climate change has accelerated and habitat destruction has increased with human population growth. There are a small number of factors that can limit the distribution and abundance of mammals: weather, predation, food supplies, disease, and social behavior. Weather limits distribution and abundance mostly in an indirect manner by affecting food supplies, disease, and predation in the short term and habitat composition and structure in the longer term. A good starting point for all studies of mammals is to define them within a well-structured trophic web, and then quantify the major linkages within that web. We still are far from having data on enough model systems to develop a complete theory and understanding of how food webs are structured and constrained as climate shifts and humans disturb habitats. We have many of the bits and pieces for some of our major ecosystems but a poor understanding of the links and the resilience of our mammalian communities to changes in trophic webs driven by climate change and human disturbances.

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MacKay, R. S., S. Johnson, and B. Sansom. "How directed is a directed network?" Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 9 (September 2020): 201138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201138.

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The trophic levels of nodes in directed networks can reveal their functional properties. Moreover, the trophic coherence of a network, defined in terms of trophic levels, is related to properties such as cycle structure, stability and percolation. The standard definition of trophic levels, however, borrowed from ecology, suffers from drawbacks such as requiring basal nodes, which limit its applicability. Here we propose simple improved definitions of trophic levels and coherence that can be computed on any directed network. We demonstrate how the method can identify node function in examples including ecosystems, supply chain networks, gene expression and global language networks. We also explore how trophic levels and coherence relate to other topological properties, such as non-normality and cycle structure, and show that our method reveals the extent to which the edges in a directed network are aligned in a global direction.

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Feng, Zhijie, Robert Marsland, Jason W. Rocks, and Pankaj Mehta. "Emergent competition shapes top-down versus bottom-up control in multi-trophic ecosystems." PLOS Computational Biology 20, no. 2 (February 8, 2024): e1011675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011675.

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Ecosystems are commonly organized into trophic levels—organisms that occupy the same level in a food chain (e.g., plants, herbivores, carnivores). A fundamental question in theoretical ecology is how the interplay between trophic structure, diversity, and competition shapes the properties of ecosystems. To address this problem, we analyze a generalized Consumer Resource Model with three trophic levels using the zero-temperature cavity method and numerical simulations. We derive the corresponding mean-field cavity equations and show that intra-trophic diversity gives rise to an effective “emergent competition” term between species within a trophic level due to feedbacks mediated by other trophic levels. This emergent competition gives rise to a crossover from a regime of top-down control (populations are limited by predators) to a regime of bottom-up control (populations are limited by primary producers) and is captured by a simple order parameter related to the ratio of surviving species in different trophic levels. We show that our theoretical results agree with empirical observations, suggesting that the theoretical approach outlined here can be used to understand complex ecosystems with multiple trophic levels.

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44

Gatts, Pedro V., Marcos A. L. Franco, Marcelo G. Almeida, Ilana R. Zalmon, Ana Paula M. Di Beneditto, Paulo A. S. Costa, and Carlos E. de Rezende. "The trophic ecology of marine catfishes in south-eastern Brazil." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 100, no. 1 (January 13, 2020): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315419001164.

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AbstractThe stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) and total mercury concentrations (THg) of the three marine catfish species Aspistor luniscutis, Bagre bagre and Genidens genidens were evaluated to understand their trophic relationship in northern Rio de Janeiro state, south-eastern Brazil. The δ13C was similar among the three marine catfishes, whereas δ15N was similar in A. luniscutis and B. bagre and lower in G. genidens. THg was higher in G. genidens and lower in B. bagre. The greater assimilation of Sciaenidae fishes and squids by A. luniscutis and B. bagre resulted in smaller isotopic niche areas and trophic diversity but higher isotopic niche overlap, trophic redundancy and evenness. For G. genidens, the similar assimilation of all prey items resulted in the broadest isotopic niche among the marine catfishes. The higher mercury content in G. genidens is consistent with an increased important contribution of prey with a higher Hg burden. The bioaccumulation process was indicated by significant correlations of δ15N and THg with total length and total mass. Additionally, a significant correlation between THg and δ15N reflected the biomagnification process through the food web.

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Nealis, V. G. "Comparative ecology of conifer-feeding spruce budworms (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)." Canadian Entomologist 148, S1 (May 29, 2015): S33—S57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2015.15.

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AbstractThe comparative ecology of conifer-feeding budworms in the genusChoristoneuraLederer (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Canada is reviewed with emphasis on publications since 1980. Systematics and life history are updated and historical outbreak patterns and their current interpretation summarised. Recent evidence is analysed in the context of ecological interactions among three trophic levels; host plant, budworm herbivore, and natural enemies. The influence of weather and climate are viewed as modulating factors. The population behaviour of budworms is interpreted as the result of tri-trophic interactions that vary at different scales. The result of these multi-scale interactions is that despite shared phylogenetic constraints and common adaptations, different budworm species display different population behaviour because of specific ecological relationships with their respective hosts and natural enemies.

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MÉDOC, V., C. PISCART, C. MAAZOUZI, L. SIMON, and J. N. BEISEL. "Parasite-induced changes in the diet of a freshwater amphipod: field and laboratory evidence." Parasitology 138, no. 4 (January 14, 2011): 537–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182010001617.

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SUMMARYTrophically transmitted parasites are likely to strongly influence food web-structure. The extent to which they change the trophic ecology of their host remains nevertheless poorly investigated and field evidence is lacking. This is particularly true for acanthocephalan parasites whose invertebrate hosts can prey on other invertebrates and contribute to leaf-litter breakdown. We used a multiple approach combining feeding experiments, neutral lipids and stable isotopes to investigate the trophic ecology of the freshwater amphipodGammarus roeseliparasitized by the bird acanthocephalanPolymorphus minutus. Infected compared to uninfected amphipods consumed as many dead isopods, but fewer live isopods and less leaf material. Infection had no influence on the total concentration of neutral lipids. Contrary to what we expected based on laboratory findings, the nitrogen isotope signature, which allows for the estimation of consumer's trophic position, was not influenced by infection status. Conversely, the carbon isotope signature, which is used to identify food sources, changed with infection and suggested that the diet of infectedG. roeseliincludes less perilithon (i.e. fixed algae on rocks, stones) but more terrestrial inputs (e.g. leaf material) than that of uninfected conspecifics. This study shows evidence of changes in the trophic ecology ofP. minutus-infectedG. roeseliand we stress the need to complement feeding experiments with field data when investigating top-down effects of infection in an opportunistic feeder which adapts its diet to the available food sources.

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Rodrigues, Lenise Chagas, and Maria Cristina dos Santos-Costa. "Trophic Ecology ofPhysalaemus ephippifer(Anura, Leptodactylidae) in Eastern Amazonia." Journal of Herpetology 48, no. 4 (December 2014): 532–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1670/13-142.

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48

Rossi, Ryann E., Sean Giery, Erika Bonnema, Allison Todd, and Craig Layman. "Characterizing trophic ecology of the checkered puffer (Sphoeroides testudineus)." Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 45, no. 5 (November 10, 2017): 1075–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3856/vol45-issue5-fulltext-24.

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49

Gallardo, Gabriela, María Tulli, and Gustavo Sccrochi. "Sexual dimorphism and trophic ecology of Aurivela tergolaevigata (Teiidae)." Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales 21 (2019): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22179/revmacn.21.606.

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Leal, MC, C. Ferrier-Pagès, R. Calado, JA Brandes, ME Frischer, and JC Nejstgaard. "Trophic ecology of the facultative symbiotic coral Oculina arbuscula." Marine Ecology Progress Series 504 (May 14, 2014): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps10750.

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