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Journal articles on the topic 'Trojan horse strategy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Mammas, Ioannis N., George Sourvinos, and Demetrios A. Spandidos. "The ‘Trojan horse’ oncogenic strategy of HPVs in childhood." Future Virology 8, no. 8 (August 2013): 801–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fvl.13.57.

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Ovrutsky, Alida R., Marinka Kartalija, Xiyuan Bai, and Edward D. Chan. "A Trojan Horse Strategy to Deliver Amikacin to Mycobacterial Granulomas." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 184, no. 7 (October 2011): 860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.184.7.860.

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3

Montes-Worboys, Ana, Scott Brown, and Veena B. Antony. "A Trojan Horse Strategy to Deliver Amikacin to Mycobacterial Granulomas." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 184, no. 7 (October 2011): 860–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.184.7.860a.

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4

Larkin, Marilynn. "“Trojan horse” strategy enters phase I trial for breast cancer." Lancet Oncology 4, no. 11 (November 2003): 650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(03)01262-2.

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5

Djamei, A., A. Pitzschke, H. Nakagami, I. Rajh, and H. Hirt. "Trojan Horse Strategy in Agrobacterium Transformation: Abusing MAPK Defense Signaling." Science 318, no. 5849 (October 19, 2007): 453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1148110.

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6

Mislin, Gaëtan L. A., and Isabelle J. Schalk. "Siderophore-dependent iron uptake systems as gates for antibiotic Trojan horse strategies against Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Metallomics 6, no. 3 (2014): 408–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3mt00359k.

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7

Górska, Agnieszka, Anna Sloderbach, and Michał Piotr Marszałł. "Siderophore–drug complexes: potential medicinal applications of the ‘Trojan horse’ strategy." Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 35, no. 9 (September 2014): 442–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2014.06.007.

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Wec, Anna Z., Elisabeth K. Nyakatura, Andrew S. Herbert, Katie A. Howell, Frederick W. Holtsberg, Russell R. Bakken, Eva Mittler, et al. "A “Trojan horse” bispecific-antibody strategy for broad protection against ebolaviruses." Science 354, no. 6310 (September 8, 2016): 350–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aag3267.

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Möllmann, Ute, Lothar Heinisch, Adolf Bauernfeind, Thilo Köhler, and Dorothe Ankel-Fuchs. "Siderophores as drug delivery agents: application of the “Trojan Horse” strategy." BioMetals 22, no. 4 (February 12, 2009): 615–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10534-009-9219-2.

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Emde, Sebastian, Sonja Rueckert, Judith Kochmann, Klaus Knopf, Bernd Sures, and Sven Klimpel. "Nematode eel parasite found inside acanthocephalan cysts ¿ a ¿Trojan horse¿ strategy?" Parasites & Vectors 7, no. 1 (2014): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/preaccept-2046834240132835.

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11

Brigham, Martin. "From Deus ex Machina to Trojan Horse?" Organization 7, no. 1 (February 2000): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135050840071011.

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12

Ouyang, Xumei, Xiaoling Wang, Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz, Soha Ahmadi, Jianqing Gao, Yuanyuan Lv, Xiaoyi Sun, and Yongzhuo Huang. "Correction: A Trojan horse biomimetic delivery strategy using mesenchymal stem cells for PDT/PTT therapy against lung melanoma metastasis." Biomaterials Science 8, no. 4 (2020): 1181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0bm90006k.

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Correction for ‘A Trojan horse biomimetic delivery strategy using mesenchymal stem cells for PDT/PTT therapy against lung melanoma metastasis’ by Xumei Ouyang et al., Biomater. Sci., 2020, DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01401b.

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Zhang, Fang, Xiwei Lan, Huawen Peng, Xianluo Hu, and Qiang Zhao. "A “Trojan Horse” Camouflage Strategy for High‐Performance Cellulose Paper and Separators." Advanced Functional Materials 30, no. 32 (June 21, 2020): 2002169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202002169.

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Ouyang, Xumei, Xiaoling Wang, Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz, Soha Ahmadi, Jianqing Gao, Yuanyuan Lv, Xiaoyi Sun, and Yongzhuo Huang. "A Trojan horse biomimetic delivery strategy using mesenchymal stem cells for PDT/PTT therapy against lung melanoma metastasis." Biomaterials Science 8, no. 4 (2020): 1160–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9bm01401b.

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A cell-based biomimetic delivery system characterized by its “Trojan horse” property is developed, in which the PDA-Ce6 nanoparticles were loaded in the MSCs for tumor-targeted delivery and combination PDT/PTT for retarding lung melanoma metastasis.

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15

Jiang, Dong, Yongkai Yang, Qisheng Guang, Chaohui Gao, and Lijun Chen. "Eavesdropping on quantum secret sharing protocols based on ring topology." Quantum Information and Computation 19, no. 7&8 (June 2019): 587–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic19.7-8-4.

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Quantum secret sharing (QSS) is the process of splitting a secret message into multiple parts such that no subset of parts is sufficient to reconstruct the secret message, but the entire set is. Ever since the first protocol was proposed, QSS has attracted intensive study, and many protocols have been proposed and implemented over recent years. However, we discover that several ring-topology based QSS protocols cannot resist Trojan-horse attacks. In this paper, we first give a modified Trojan-horse attack strategy and show that the eavesdropper can obtain any player's private data and the dealer's secret message without leaving any trace. Then we show that existing defense strategies cannot resist our attack. To defeat such attacks, we design a defense strategy based on quantum memory and evaluate its performance. The evaluation results indicate that the eavesdropper's attack significantly increases the quantum bit error rate and can thus be detected.

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Sansiaume-Dagousset, Elodie, Agathe Urvoas, Kaouthar Chelly, Wadih Ghattas, Jean-Didier Maréchal, Jean-Pierre Mahy, and Rémy Ricoux. "Neocarzinostatin-based hybrid biocatalysts for oxidation reactions." Dalton Trans. 43, no. 22 (2014): 8344–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4dt00151f.

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Following the Trojan Horse strategy, a new artificial metalloenzyme, obtained by non-covalent insertion of an anionic Fe-porphyrin–testosterone conjugate into the neocarzinostatin NCS-3.24 variant, catalysed the enantioselective sulfoxidation of thioanisole by H₂O₂.

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Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Helle, Natalia P. Smirnova, Airn-Elizabeth Tolnay, Brett T. Webb, Alfredo Q. Antoniazzi, Hana van Campen, and Thomas R. Hansen. "Neuro-invasion by a ‘Trojan Horse’ strategy and vasculopathy during intrauterine flavivirus infection." International Journal of Experimental Pathology 93, no. 1 (January 20, 2012): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2613.2011.00795.x.

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18

Tsai, Chia-Wei, Chun-Wei Yang, and Narn-Yih Lee. "Lightweight mediated semi-quantum key distribution protocol." Modern Physics Letters A 34, no. 34 (November 5, 2019): 1950281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773231950281x.

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Classical users can share a secret key with a quantum user by using a semi-quantum key distribution (SQKD) protocol. Allowing two classical users to share a secret key is the objective of the mediated semi-quantum key distribution (MSQKD) protocol. However, the existing MSQKD protocols need a quantum user to assist two classical users in distributing the secret keys, and these protocols require that the classical users be equipped with a Trojan horse photon detector. This reduces the practicability of the MSQKD protocols. Therefore, in this study we propose a lightweight MSQKD, in which the two participants and third party are classical users. Due to the usage of the one-way transmission strategy, the proposed lightweight MSQKD protocol is free from quantum Trojan horse attack. The proposed MSQKD is more practical than the existing MSQKD protocols.

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19

Lei, Kelu, Minghao Yuan, Tao Zhou, Qiang Ye, Bin Zeng, Qiang Zhou, Ailing Wei, and Li Guo. "Research progress in the application of bile acid-drug conjugates: A “trojan horse” strategy." Steroids 173 (September 2021): 108879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108879.

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20

Brown, Sam P., Stuart A. West, Stephen P. Diggle, and Ashleigh S. Griffin. "Social evolution in micro-organisms and a Trojan horse approach to medical intervention strategies." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, no. 1533 (November 12, 2009): 3157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0055.

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Medical science is typically pitted against the evolutionary forces acting upon infective populations of bacteria. As an alternative strategy, we could exploit our growing understanding of population dynamics of social traits in bacteria to help treat bacterial disease. In particular, population dynamics of social traits could be exploited to introduce less virulent strains of bacteria, or medically beneficial alleles into infective populations. We discuss how bacterial strains adopting different social strategies can invade a population of cooperative wild-type, considering public good cheats, cheats carrying medically beneficial alleles (Trojan horses) and cheats carrying allelopathic traits (anti-competitor chemical bacteriocins or temperate bacteriophage viruses). We suggest that exploitation of the ability of cheats to invade cooperative, wild-type populations is a potential new strategy for treating bacterial disease.

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21

Hensmans, Manuel. "The Trojan horse mechanism and reciprocal sense-giving to urgent strategic change." Journal of Organizational Change Management 28, no. 6 (October 12, 2015): 1038–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-06-2015-0084.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how executives can rapidly gain employee acceptance for strategic change through reciprocal sensegiving. The author draw on a processual case study of a transformational European merger to study this question, highlighting the properties of reciprocity in making sense of urgent strategic change, then developing them through the lens of a gift exchange. Design/methodology/approach – The author draws on several qualitative methods to study sensegiving and sensemaking processes in Alpha and Beta from 2011 to 2014: insider-outsider team meetings at the beginning, mid-way and at the end of the merger integration process, ethnographic field notes during a four-month research internship, one focus group meeting with Alpha and Beta managers after the announcement of the redistribution of managerial positions, interviews with a carefully selected sample of top and middle managers, participant observation in key sensegiving meetings with top managers and “custodians,” triangulation with secondary data from the database Factiva, and finally follow-up insider corroboration of the findings by the research intern who took up a management position at Alpha in 2014. Findings – Likening executive and employee sensegiving to a gift-giving and gift-returning exchange, the author elucidates how executives induce employees to quickly “give in” to strategic change imperatives. the author single out the key third party role of custodians of reciprocity in the mechanism, using the metaphor of the Trojan horse to illustrate its executive use and point to the underexplored darker side of prosocial sensegiving dynamics. Research limitations/implications – Further research should clarify the long-term advantages and disadvantages of the mechanism. The Trojan horse mechanism possibly sacrifices long-term reciprocity for short-term purposes. Following the example of executives in this case study, use of the Trojan horse mechanism should be followed by attention to socio-political balance concerns, including new procedures that clarify the link between value creation aims and employees’ collective contribution. Without such a cohesion-building exercise, employees’ feelings of procedural injustice may build up, resulting in negative reciprocity in subsequent change projects. Practical implications – The work indicates that a leader’s visionary credentials are not the main source of her norm-shaping power in a project of urgent strategic change. Visionary credentials are welcomed by the dominant group of employees as long as they are framed as a symbolic management exercise that will not substantially impact socio-political balance. Substantively, employees make sense of the justice of urgent strategic change primarily through the lens of custodians and their “power from the past.” Social implications – All in all, executives should use the Trojan horse mechanism sparingly, in contexts of urgent strategic change and institutionalized employee behavior. Working with sources and voices of resistance from lower levels of management is more likely to yield symbiotic integration benefits. Originality/value – Applied to the problem of rapid strategic change in a non-crisis context, the Trojan horse mechanism is a solution to the question: how can executives avoid lengthy socio-political confrontations and quickly induce employee ownership of painful strategic changes?

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22

Laurent, Quentin, Lucinda K. Batchelor, and Paul J. Dyson. "Applying a Trojan Horse Strategy to Ruthenium Complexes in the Pursuit of Novel Antibacterial Agents." Organometallics 37, no. 6 (February 15, 2018): 915–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00885.

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23

Payton, Laura, Mickael Perrigault, Jean-Paul Bourdineaud, Anjara Marcel, Jean-Charles Massabuau, and Damien Tran. "Trojan Horse Strategy for Non-invasive Interference of Clock Gene in the Oyster Crassostrea gigas." Marine Biotechnology 19, no. 4 (July 3, 2017): 361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10126-017-9761-9.

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24

Goduscheit, René Chester, Carsten Bergenholtz, Jacob Høj Jørgensen, and Erik S. Rasmussen. "Action Research in Inter-Organisational Networks: Impartial Studies or the Trojan Horse?" Systemic Practice and Action Research 21, no. 4 (April 5, 2008): 267–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11213-008-9096-6.

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25

Ibarra, Luis E., Lucía Beaugé, Nuria Arias-Ramos, Viviana A. Rivarola, Carlos A. Chesta, Pilar López-Larrubia, and Rodrigo E. Palacios. "Trojan horse monocyte-mediated delivery of conjugated polymer nanoparticles for improved photodynamic therapy of glioblastoma." Nanomedicine 15, no. 17 (July 2020): 1687–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/nnm-2020-0106.

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Aim: To assess monocyte-based delivery of conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) for improved photodynamic therapy (PDT) in glioblastoma (GBM). Materials & methods: Human monocyte cells (THP-1) and murine monocytes isolated from bone marrow (mBMDMs) were employed as stealth CPN carriers to penetrate into GBM spheroids and an orthotopic model of the tumor. The success of PDT, using this cell-mediated targeting strategy, was determined by its effect on the spheroids. Results: CPNs did not affect monocyte viability in the absence of light and did not show nonspecific release after cell loading. Activated monocytes incorporated CPNs in a higher proportion than monocytes in their naive state, without a loss of cellular functionality. In vitro PDT efficacy using cell-mediated delivery was superior to that using non vehiculized CPNs. Conclusion: CPN-loaded monocytes could efficiently deliver CPNs into GBM spheroids and the orthotopic model. Improved PDT in spheroids was confirmed using this delivery strategy.

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26

Jenkins, Roger. "Enterprise Resource Planning as the Trojan Horse for New Rules of Operations Management." Creativity and Innovation Management 10, no. 3 (September 2001): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8691.00221.

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Zhang, Cai, Xiaoyu Cui, Jie Yang, Xueguang Shao, Yuying Zhang, and Dingbin Liu. "Stimulus-responsive surface-enhanced Raman scattering: a “Trojan horse” strategy for precision molecular diagnosis of cancer." Chemical Science 11, no. 24 (2020): 6111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sc01649g.

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28

Reyes, Tatiana, and Dominique Millet. "An exploratory study for the long-term integration of ecodesign in SMEs: the environmental Trojan horse strategy." Progress in Industrial Ecology, An International Journal 8, no. 1/2 (2013): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/pie.2013.055065.

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Raffy, Quentin, Rémy Ricoux, Elodie Sansiaume, Stéphanie Pethe, and Jean-Pierre Mahy. "Coordination chemistry studies and peroxidase activity of a new artificial metalloenzyme built by the “Trojan horse” strategy." Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 317, no. 1-2 (February 2010): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2009.10.016.

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30

Hennart, Jean-François, Thomas Roehl, and Dixie S. Zietlow. "‘Trojan horse’ or ‘Workhorse’? the evolution of U.S.-Japanese joint ventures in the United States." Strategic Management Journal 20, no. 1 (January 1999): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0266(199901)20:1<15::aid-smj8>3.0.co;2-2.

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Sansiaume, Elodie, Rémy Ricoux, Didier Gori, and Jean-Pierre Mahy. "Oxidation of organic molecules in homogeneous aqueous solution catalyzed by hybrid biocatalysts (based on the Trojan Horse strategy)." Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 21, no. 11-12 (June 2010): 1593–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetasy.2010.03.050.

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32

Sikora, Adam, Joanna Chałupka, and Michał Piotr Marszałł. "The Use of Ion Liquids as a Trojan Horse Strategy in Enzyme-Catalyzed Biotransformation of (R,S)-Atenolol." Catalysts 10, no. 7 (July 14, 2020): 787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10070787.

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The enzymatic method was used for the direct biotransformation of racemic atenolol. The catalytic activities of commercially available lipases from Candida rugosa were tested for the kinetic resolution of (R,S)-atenolol by enantioselective acetylation in various two-phase reaction media containing ionic liquids. The composed catalytic system gave the possibility to easy separate substrates and products of the conducted enantioselective reaction and after specific procedure to reuse utilized enzymes in another catalytic cycle.

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Shen, Zheyu, Hao Wu, Sugeun Yang, Xuehua Ma, Zihou Li, Mingqian Tan, and Aiguo Wu. "A novel Trojan-horse targeting strategy to reduce the non-specific uptake of nanocarriers by non-cancerous cells." Biomaterials 70 (November 2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.08.022.

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Rocha, Silma L., Harry C. Evans, Vanessa L. Jorge, Lucimar A. O. Cardoso, Fernanda S. T. Pereira, Fabiano B. Rocha, Robert W. Barreto, Adam G. Hart, and Simon L. Elliot. "Recognition of endophytic Trichoderma species by leaf-cutting ants and their potential in a Trojan-horse management strategy." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 4 (April 2017): 160628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160628.

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Interactions between leaf-cutting ants, their fungal symbiont ( Leucoagaricus ) and the endophytic fungi within the vegetation they carry into their colonies are still poorly understood. If endophytes antagonistic to Leucoagaricus were found in plant material being carried by these ants, then this might indicate a potential mechanism for plants to defend themselves from leaf-cutter attack. In addition, it could offer possibilities for the management of these important Neotropical pests. Here, we show that, for Atta sexdens rubropilosa , there was a significantly greater incidence of Trichoderma species in the vegetation removed from the nests—and deposited around the entrances—than in that being transported into the nests. In a no-choice test, Trichoderma- infested rice was taken into the nest, with deleterious effects on both the fungal gardens and ant survival. The endophytic ability of selected strains of Trichoderma was also confirmed, following their inoculation and subsequent reisolation from seedlings of eucalyptus. These results indicate that endophytic fungi which pose a threat to ant fungal gardens through their antagonistic traits, such as Trichoderma , have the potential to act as bodyguards of their plant hosts and thus might be employed in a Trojan-horse strategy to mitigate the negative impact of leaf-cutting ants in both agriculture and silviculture in the Neotropics. We posit that the ants would detect and evict such ‘malign’ endophytes—artificially inoculated into vulnerable crops—during the quality-control process within the nest, and, moreover, that the foraging ants may then be deterred from further harvesting of ‘ Trichoderma -enriched’ plants.

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Kwak, Gijung, Hyosuk Kim, Jooho Park, Eun Hye Kim, Hochung Jang, Geonhee Han, Sun Young Wang, Yoosoo Yang, Ick Chan Kwon, and Sun Hwa Kim. "A Trojan-Horse Strategy by In Situ Piggybacking onto Endogenous Albumin for Tumor-Specific Neutralization of Oncogenic MicroRNA." ACS Nano 15, no. 7 (June 30, 2021): 11369–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.1c00799.

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Jiang, Zhicheng, Wei Ding, Shuguang Xu, Javier Remón, Bi Shi, Changwei Hu, and James H. Clark. "A ‘Trojan horse strategy’ for the development of a renewable leather tanning agent produced via an AlCl3-catalyzed cellulose depolymerization." Green Chemistry 22, no. 2 (2020): 316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9gc03538a.

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Zhou, Yutong, Feiyan Zhu, Yang Liu, Meng Zheng, Yibin Wang, Dongya Zhang, Yasutaka Anraku, et al. "Blood-brain barrier–penetrating siRNA nanomedicine for Alzheimer’s disease therapy." Science Advances 6, no. 41 (October 2020): eabc7031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc7031.

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Toxic aggregated amyloid-β accumulation is a key pathogenic event in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which derives from amyloid precursor protein (APP) through sequential cleavage by BACE1 (β-site APP cleavage enzyme 1) and γ-secretase. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) show great promise for AD therapy by specific silencing of BACE1. However, lack of effective siRNA brain delivery approaches limits this strategy. Here, we developed a glycosylated “triple-interaction” stabilized polymeric siRNA nanomedicine (Gal-NP@siRNA) to target BACE1 in APP/PS1 transgenic AD mouse model. Gal-NP@siRNA exhibits superior blood stability and can efficiently penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) via glycemia-controlled glucose transporter-1 (Glut1)–mediated transport, thereby ensuring that siRNAs decrease BACE1 expression and modify relative pathways. Noticeably, Gal-NP@siBACE1 administration restored the deterioration of cognitive capacity in AD mice without notable side effects. This “Trojan horse” strategy supports the utility of RNA interference therapy in neurodegenerative diseases.

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Richter, Katharina, Freija Van den Driessche, and Tom Coenye. "Innovative approaches to treat Staphylococcus aureus biofilm-related infections." Essays in Biochemistry 61, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/ebc20160056.

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Many bacterial infections in humans and animals are caused by bacteria residing in biofilms, complex communities of attached organisms embedded in an extracellular matrix. One of the key properties of microorganisms residing in a biofilm is decreased susceptibility towards antimicrobial agents. This decreased susceptibility, together with conventional mechanisms leading to antimicrobial resistance, makes biofilm-related infections increasingly difficult to treat and alternative antibiofilm strategies are urgently required. In this review, we present three such strategies to combat biofilm-related infections with the important human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus: (i) targeting the bacterial communication system with quorum sensing (QS) inhibitors, (ii) a ‘Trojan Horse’ strategy to disturb iron metabolism by using gallium-based therapeutics and (iii) the use of ‘non-antibiotics’ with antibiofilm activity identified through screening of repurposing libraries.

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Yates, Charlotte, Wayne Lewchuk, and Paul Stewart. "Empowerment As a Trojan Horse: New Systems of Work Organization in the North American Automobile Industry." Economic and Industrial Democracy 22, no. 4 (November 2001): 517–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143831x01224004.

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Krude, Heiko, Heike Biebermann, Markus Schuelke, Timo D. Müller, and Matthias Tschöp. "Allan-Herndon-Dudley-Syndrome: Considerations about the Brain Phenotype with Implications for Treatment Strategies." Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes 128, no. 06/07 (April 2, 2020): 414–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1108-1456.

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AbstractDespite its first description more than 75 years ago, effective treatment for “Allan-Herndon-Dudley-Syndrome (AHDS)”, an X-linked thyroid hormone transporter defect, is unavailable. Mutations in the SLC16A2 gene have been discovered to be causative for AHDS in 2004, but a comprehensive understanding of the function of the encoded protein, monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8), is incomplete. Patients with AHDS suffer from neurodevelopmental delay, as well as extrapyramidal (dystonia, chorea, athetosis), pyramidal (spasticity), and cerebellar symptoms (ataxia). This suggests an affection of the pyramidal tracts, basal ganglia, and cerebellum, most likely already during fetal brain development. The function of other brain areas relevant for mood, behavior, and vigilance seems to be intact. An optimal treatment strategy should thus aim to deliver T3 to these relevant structures at the correct time points during development. A potential therapeutic strategy meeting these needs might be the delivery of T3 via a “Trojan horse mechanism” by which T3 is delivered into target cells by a thyroid hormone transporter independent T3 internalization.

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41

Schalk, Isabelle J. "A Trojan-Horse Strategy Including a Bacterial Suicide Action for the Efficient Use of a Specific Gram-Positive Antibiotic on Gram-Negative Bacteria." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 61, no. 9 (April 23, 2018): 3842–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00522.

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Matović, Jelena, Juulia Järvinen, Helena C. Bland, Iris K. Sokka, Surachet Imlimthan, Ruth Mateu Ferrando, Kristiina M. Huttunen, et al. "Addressing the Biochemical Foundations of a Glucose-Based “Trojan Horse”-Strategy to Boron Neutron Capture Therapy: From Chemical Synthesis to In Vitro Assessment." Molecular Pharmaceutics 17, no. 10 (August 11, 2020): 3885–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00630.

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43

Raffy, Quentin, Rémy Ricoux, and Jean-Pierre Mahy. "Synthesis of a new estradiol–iron metalloporphyrin conjugate used to build up a new hybrid biocatalyst for selective oxidations by the ‘Trojan horse’ strategy." Tetrahedron Letters 49, no. 11 (March 2008): 1865–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.01.022.

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44

Pereira, Sara, Ruwei Yao, Mariana Gomes, Per Trolle Jørgensen, Jesper Wengel, Nuno Filipe Azevedo, and Rita Sobral Santos. "Can Vitamin B12 Assist the Internalization of Antisense LNA Oligonucleotides into Bacteria?" Antibiotics 10, no. 4 (April 3, 2021): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10040379.

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The emergence of bacterial resistance to traditional small-molecule antibiotics is fueling the search for innovative strategies to treat infections. Inhibiting the expression of essential bacterial genes using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), particularly composed of nucleic acid mimics (NAMs), has emerged as a promising strategy. However, their efficiency depends on their association with vectors that can translocate the bacterial envelope. Vitamin B12 is among the largest molecules known to be taken up by bacteria and has very recently started to gain interest as a trojan-horse vector. Gapmers and steric blockers were evaluated as ASOs against Escherichia coli (E. coli). Both ASOs were successfully conjugated to B12 by copper-free azide-alkyne click-chemistry. The biological effect of the two conjugates was evaluated together with their intracellular localization in E. coli. Although not only B12 but also both B12-ASO conjugates interacted strongly with E. coli, they were mostly colocalized with the outer membrane. Only 6–9% were detected in the cytosol, which showed to be insufficient for bacterial growth inhibition. These results suggest that the internalization of B12-ASO conjugates is strongly affected by the low uptake rate of the B12 in E. coli and that further studies are needed before considering this strategy against biofilms in vivo.

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Baker, James R. "Dendrimer-based nanoparticles for cancer therapy." Hematology 2009, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 708–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2009.1.708.

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AbstractRecent work has suggested that nanoparticles in the form of dendrimers may be a keystone in the future of therapeutics. The field of oncology could soon be revolutionized by novel strategies for diagnosis and therapy employing dendrimer-based nanotherapeutics. Several aspects of cancer therapy would be involved. Diagnosis using imaging techniques such as MRI will be improved by the incorporation of dendrimers as advanced contrast agents. This might involve novel contrast agents targeted specifically to cancer cells. Dendrimers can also be being applied to a variety of cancer therapies to improve their safety and efficacy. A strategy, somewhat akin to the “Trojan horse,” involves targeting anti-metabolite drugs via vitamins or hormones that tumors need for growth. Further applications of dendrimers in photodynamic therapy, boron neutron capture therapy, and gene therapy for cancer are being examined. This presentation will cover the fundamentals of research utilizing dendrimers for cancer diagnosis and therapy. An evaluation of this new technologies will detail what advantage dendrimer based therapeutics might have over conventional cancer drugs.

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Jiang, Zhicheng, Mi Gao, Javier Remón, Wei Ding, Changwei Hu, and Bi Shi. "On the development of chrome-free tanning agents: an advanced Trojan horse strategy using ‘Al–Zr-oligosaccharides’ produced by the depolymerization and oxidation of biomass." Green Chemistry 23, no. 7 (2021): 2640–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0gc04155f.

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DUMITRU, Ilie Răsvan. "RUSSIA’S GEOPOLITICAL DETERMINATIONS IN THE BLACK SEA." BULLETIN OF "CAROL I" NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 10, no. 2 (July 12, 2021): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-21-03.

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The present paper analyzes the projection of Russia's economic and military power in the Black Sea region, seen both in terms of its huge resources and as a way of projecting military power in the coastal States and the Eastern Mediterranean. The energy perspective is important in Russia's geopolitics, and the Black Sea region is perceived by it as the point of confluence of several globalist interests, in which Russia desires not only to be a mediator, but the decisive pivot to impose regional policy. Creating an energy dependency of the West on Russian resources represents a well-defined political goal in the Russian strategy. Russian gas is thus becoming a Trojan horse, by which Russia can influence European policies, this energy instrument being complemented by other powerful instruments aimed at undermining or diminishing NATO's role in Eastern Europe. Russian interests are concentrating firstly on the desire to maintain different levels of political and economic influence in each coastal State, to maintain the Black Sea under control for oil or gas exports and other maritime transport through Novorossiysk port as well as preventing a security deficit toward NATO that could threaten the South-West flank of Kremlin. In pursuing these interests, Russia's strategy is based on the use of political, diplomatic, information and economic instruments, which are supported by an increasingly credible military capacity, analyzed and explained in this paper. Keywords: Russian-Ukrainian war; Crimea; energy weapon; Black Sea

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Perraud, Quentin, Paola Cantero, Mathilde Munier, Françoise Hoegy, Nicolas Zill, Véronique Gasser, Gaëtan L. A. Mislin, Laurence Ehret-Sabatier, and Isabelle J. Schalk. "Phenotypic Adaptation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Presence of Siderophore-Antibiotic Conjugates during Epithelial Cell Infection." Microorganisms 8, no. 11 (November 18, 2020): 1820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8111820.

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Iron acquisition pathways have often been considered to be gateways for the uptake of antibiotics into bacteria. Bacteria excrete chelators, called siderophores, to access iron. Antibiotic molecules can be covalently attached to siderophores for their transport into pathogens during the iron-uptake process. P. aeruginosa produces two siderophores and is also able to use many siderophores produced by other bacteria. We investigated the phenotypic plasticity of iron-uptake pathway expression in an epithelial cell infection assay in the presence of two different siderophore–antibiotic conjugates, one with a hydroxamate siderophore and the second with a tris-catechol. Proteomic and RT-qPCR approaches showed that P. aeruginosa was able to sense the presence of both compounds in its environment and adapt the expression of its iron uptake pathways to access iron via them. Moreover, the catechol-type siderophore–antibiotic was clearly more efficient in inducing the expression of its corresponding transporter than the hydroxamate compound when both were simultaneously present. In parallel, the expression of the proteins of the two iron uptake pathways using siderophores produced by P. aeruginosa was significantly repressed in the presence of both conjugates. Altogether, the data indicate that catechol-type siderophores are more promising vectors for antibiotic vectorization using a Trojan-horse strategy.

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Prabhakar, Pranav Kumar. "Bacterial Siderophores and Their Potential Applications: A Review." Current Molecular Pharmacology 13, no. 4 (November 2, 2020): 295–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874467213666200518094445.

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The bacterial infection is one of the major health issues throughout the world. To protect humans from the infection and infectious agents, it is important to understand the mechanism of interaction of pathogens along with their susceptible hosts. This will help us to develop a novel strategy for designing effective new drugs or vaccines. As iron is an essential metal ion required for all the living systems for their growth, as well, it is needed by pathogenic bacterial cells for their growth and development inside host tissues. To get iron from the host tissues, microbes developed an iron-chelating system called siderophore and also corresponding receptors. Siderophores are low molecular weight organic complex produced by different strains of bacteria for the procurement of iron from the environment or host body under the iron deficient-conditions. Mostly in the environment at physiological pH, the iron is present in the ferric ionic form (Fe3+), which is water- insoluble and thus inaccessible for them. Such a condition promotes the generation of siderophores. These siderophores have been used in different areas such as agriculture, treatment of diseases, culture the unculturable strains of bacteria, promotion of plant growth, controlling phytopathogens, detoxification of heavy metal contamination, etc. In the medical field, siderophores can be used as “Trojan Horse Strategy”, which forms a complex with antibiotics and also delivers these antibiotics to the desired locations, especially in antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The promising application of siderophore-based use of antibiotics for the management of bacterial resistance can be strategies to be used.

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Satin, Morton. "The Salt Debate - Far More Salacious Than Salubrious." Blood Purification 39, no. 1-3 (2015): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000368971.

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The scientific evidence supporting dietary sodium reduction as a means of improving overall health outcomes is not yet confirmed and continues to generate considerable controversy. As previously with fat reduction, sodium reduction has become the dominant research subject in the global food industry. To comply with perceived public opinion, the largest multinational food companies have made public commitments to major reductions in sodium to meet current recommendations. This is the precise approach taken when fat came under criticism by public health agencies in the past and many believe that this precipitated our current obesity epidemic. The contradiction between the published scientific evidence on overall health outcomes and the aggressive promotion of sodium reduction policies by health authorities has inspired the characterization of this strategy as, ‘… the largest delusion in the history of preventative medicine' and others have concluded ‘… the concealment of scientific uncertainty in this case has been a mistake that has served neither the ends of science nor good policy'. While policy makers may occasionally be forced to act in the face of limited evidence to attempt to limit risks at the population level, this exception cannot be taken as a broad license to deny all new evidence that contradicts a planned agenda, if policies are to be the product of evidence rather than dogma. As was the case with fat, the strategy of sodium reduction may well qualify as a ‘Trojan Horse' of preventative medicine - a policy with an outward façade of great value but simultaneously concealing a significant risk to the population.

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