Relevant bibliographies by topics / TRM4 / Journal articles

Journal articles on the topic 'TRM4'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: TRM4.
Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'TRM4.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Kuratani, Mitsuo, Masashi Hirano, Sakurako Goto-Ito, Yuzuru Itoh, Yasushi Hikida, Madoka Nishimoto, Shun-ichi Sekine, et al. "Crystal Structure of Methanocaldococcus jannaschii Trm4 Complexed with Sinefungin." Journal of Molecular Biology 401, no. 3 (August 2010): 323–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2010.06.046.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Moon, Haley J., and Kent L. Redman. "Trm4 and Nsun2 RNA:m5C Methyltransferases Form Metabolite-Dependent, Covalent Adducts with Previously Methylated RNA." Biochemistry 53, no. 45 (November 6, 2014): 7132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi500882b.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Andersson, Karl-Erik. "TRP Channels as Lower Urinary Tract Sensory Targets." Medical Sciences 7, no. 5 (May 22, 2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medsci7050067.

Full text
Abstract:
Several members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily, including TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV4, TRM4, TRPM8 and TRPA1, are expressed in the lower urinary tract (LUT), not only in neuronal fibers innervating the bladder and urethra, but also in the urothelial and muscular layers of the bladder and urethral walls. In the LUT, TRP channels are mainly involved in nociception and mechanosensory transduction. Animal studies have suggested the therapeutic potential of several TRP channels for the treatment of both bladder over- and underactivity and bladder pain disorders,; however translation of this finding to clinical application has been slow and the involvement of these channels in normal human bladder function, and in various pathologic states have not been established. The development of selective TRP channel agonists and antagonists is ongoing and the use of such agents can be expected to offer new and important information concerning both normal physiological functions and possible therapeutic applications.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

MOTORIN, YURI, and HENRI GROSJEAN. "Multisite-specific tRNA:m5C-methyltransferase (Trm4) in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Identification of the gene and substrate specificity of the enzyme." RNA 5, no. 8 (August 1999): 1105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355838299982201.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Urbonavičius, Jaunius, Jérôme M. B. Durand, and Glenn R. Björk. "Three Modifications in the D and T Arms of tRNA Influence Translation in Escherichia coli and Expression of Virulence Genes in Shigella flexneri." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 19 (October 1, 2002): 5348–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.19.5348-5357.2002.

Full text
Abstract:
ABSTRACT The modified nucleosides 2′-O-methylguanosine, present at position 18 (Gm18), 5-methyluridine, present at position 54 (m5U54), and pseudouridine, present at position 55 (Ψ55), are located in the D and T arms of tRNAs and are close in space in the three-dimensional (3D) structure of this molecule in the bacterium Escherichia coli. The formation of these modified nucleosides is catalyzed by the products of genes trmH (Gm18), trmA (m5U54), and truB (Ψ55). The combination of trmH, trmA, and truB mutations resulting in lack of these three modifications reduced the growth rate, especially at high temperature. Moreover, the lack of three modified nucleotides in tRNA induced defects in the translation of certain codons, sensitivity to amino acid analog 3,4-dehydro-dl-proline, and an altered oxidation of some carbon compounds. The results are consistent with the suggestion that these modified nucleosides, two of which directly interact in the 3D structure of tRNA by forming a hydrogen bond between Ψ55 and Gm18, stabilize the structure of the tRNA. Moreover, lack of Ψ55 in tRNA of human pathogen Shigella flexneri leads to a reduced expression of several virulence-associated genes.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Christian, Thomas, and Ya-Ming Hou. "Distinct Determinants of tRNA Recognition by the TrmD and Trm5 Methyl Transferases." Journal of Molecular Biology 373, no. 3 (October 2007): 623–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2007.08.010.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Goto-Ito, Sakurako, Takuhiro Ito, and Shigeyuki Yokoyama. "Trm5 and TrmD: Two Enzymes from Distinct Origins Catalyze the Identical tRNA Modification, m1G37." Biomolecules 7, no. 4 (March 21, 2017): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom7010032.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Wisal, Shakoor, Alia Gul, and Hina Gul. "Quality Evaluation of Strawberry Juice with TSS of 30.5o Brix Preserved with Benzoate, Sorbate, and Antioxidant Stored At Refrigeration Temperature." Global Drug Design & Development Review VII, no. I (March 30, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gdddr.2022(vii-i).01.

Full text
Abstract:
The aim of this research was carried out to investigate the effect of different sucrose concentrations and chemical preservatives and storage temperature, i.e., refrigeration temperature (4-10oC), on the physico chemical and sensory attributes of strawberry juice stored for one year. samples were numbered as, TR32=Strawberry juice (30.5obrix) - no preservative, TR33=Strawberry juice(30.5obrix) with 0.1Percent sodium benzoate, TR34=Strawberry juice (30.5obrix) with 0.1Percent potassium sorbate,TR35=Strawberry juice (30.5obrix) with 0.05Percent sodium benzoate 0.05 Percent potassium sorbate,TR44=Strawberry juice (30.5obrix) - no preservatives (control), TR45=Strawberry juice (30.5obrix) with 0.1 Percent sodium benzoate, TR46=Strawberry juice (30.5obrix) with 0.1Percent potassium sorbate,TR47=Strawberry juice (30.5obrix) with 0.05Percent sodium benzoate 0.05Percent potassium sorbate. As a result,a decrease in color was recorded for all samples, but it was in the acceptable range during storage. Flavor deterioration occurred in control samples (TR32 and TR44), while treated samples showed less loss in flavor during storage. Comparatively better consistency was recorded by treated juice. After one year of storage, the samples were acceptable to the consumer on the basis of color, flavor, consistency, and overall acceptability. Among all the treatments, TR32 and TR44 were rejected during storage, while TR47was found most effective, followed by TR45, and showed better storage stability than other samples.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Fislage, Marcus, Martine Roovers, Irina Tuszynska, Janusz M. Bujnicki, Louis Droogmans, and Wim Versées. "Crystal structures of the tRNA:m 2 G6 methyltransferase Trm14/TrmN from two domains of life." Nucleic Acids Research 40, no. 11 (February 22, 2012): 5149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gks163.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Müller, Martin, Anke Samel-Pommerencke, Carine Legrand, Francesca Tuorto, Frank Lyko, and Ann E. Ehrenhofer-Murray. "Division of labour: tRNA methylation by the NSun2 tRNA methyltransferases Trm4a and Trm4b in fission yeast." RNA Biology 16, no. 3 (February 1, 2019): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15476286.2019.1568819.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
11

TONG, BENJAMIN R. "Wu Wei: The Way Of Effortless Effort." Integral Transpersonal Journal 6, no. 6 (February 2015): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.32031/itibte_itj_6-trb4.

Full text
Abstract:
Central to Taoism is wu wei, a continually misunderstood concept. It is less the passivity of “non-action” and more the “effortless effort” of action that is a delicate balance of both involvement and non-attachment. In addition to Nature and everyday human life, illustrative case material can be found in Taoist as well as psychoanalytic and other writings. KEYWORDS: Wu wei, effortless effort, “non-action,” Taoism, Tao Te Ching, involvement, non-attachment, readiness, psychoanalysis
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
12

Hirata, Akira, Keisuke Okada, Kazuaki Yoshii, Hiroyuki Shiraishi, Shinya Saijo, Kento Yonezawa, Nobutaka Shimizu, and Hiroyuki Hori. "Structure of tRNA methyltransferase complex of Trm7 and Trm734 reveals a novel binding interface for tRNA recognition." Nucleic Acids Research 47, no. 20 (October 5, 2019): 10942–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz856.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract The complex between Trm7 and Trm734 (Trm7–Trm734) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae catalyzes 2′-O-methylation at position 34 in tRNA. We report biochemical and structural studies of the Trm7–Trm734 complex. Purified recombinant Trm7–Trm734 preferentially methylates tRNAPhe transcript variants possessing two of three factors (Cm32, m1G37 and pyrimidine34). Therefore, tRNAPhe, tRNATrp and tRNALeu are specifically methylated by Trm7–Trm734. We have solved the crystal structures of the apo and S-adenosyl-L-methionine bound forms of Trm7–Trm734. Small angle X-ray scattering reveals that Trm7–Trm734 exists as a hetero-dimer in solution. Trm7 possesses a Rossmann-fold catalytic domain, while Trm734 consists of three WD40 β-propeller domains (termed BPA, BPB and BPC). BPA and BPC form a unique V-shaped cleft, which docks to Trm7. The C-terminal region of Trm7 is required for binding to Trm734. The D-arm of substrate tRNA is required for methylation by Trm7–Trm734. If the D-arm in tRNAPhe is docked onto the positively charged area of BPB in Trm734, the anticodon-loop is located near the catalytic pocket of Trm7. This model suggests that Trm734 is required for correct positioning of tRNA for methylation. Additionally, a point-mutation in Trm7, which is observed in FTSJ1 (human Trm7 ortholog) of nosyndromic X-linked intellectual disability patients, decreases the methylation activity.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
13

Li, Pan, Yixi Zhang, Yanping Xu, Hongcui Cao, and Lanjuan Li. "Characteristics of CD8+ and CD4+ Tissue-Resident Memory Lymphocytes in the Gastrointestinal Tract." Advanced Gut & Microbiome Research 2022 (May 18, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9157455.

Full text
Abstract:
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRMs) are plentiful in the memory T cell pool and persist in barrier sites without recirculating. Increasing evidence has shown that some kinds of CD8+ TRMs and CD4+ TRMs are resident in the gastrointestinal tract (GI), playing an important role in the context of microbiota-immune interactions, infections, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and tumor surveillance. Although sharing some similar phenotypes, functional properties, and transcriptional regulation with other tissue-TRMs, gastrointestinal tract TRMs (GI-TRMs) have unique phenotypic and functional characteristics reshaped by the local microenvironment. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge on the regulation, maintenance, and function of the CD8+ TRMs and CD4+ TRMs in GI, exploring how these cells contribute to local immune defense, tissue homeostasis, and tumor surveillance.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
14

North, Gerald R. "GATE and TRMM." Meteorological Monographs 29, no. 51 (January 2003): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/0065-9401(2003)029<0201:cgat>2.0.co;2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
15

Kawanishi, Toneo, Hiroshi Kuroiwa, Masahiro Kojima, Koki Oikawa, Toshiaki Kozu, Hiroshi Kumagai, Ken'ichi Okamoto, Minoru Okumura, Hirotaka Nakatsuka, and Katsuhiko Nishikawa. "TRMM Precipitation Radar." Advances in Space Research 25, no. 5 (January 2000): 969–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(99)00932-1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
16

Anthony, Scott M., Natalija Van Braeckel-Budimir, Steven Moioffer, Stacey M. Hartwig, Steven M. Varga, Vladimir P. Badovinac, and John T. Harty. "Lung-draining lymph-node-resident memory CD8 T cells mediate local protective immunity." Journal of Immunology 202, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2019): 198.7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.198.7.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Recent studies indicate tissue-resident memory CD8 T cells (Trms) form at both the sites of initial infection and in lymphoid tissues upon resolution of systemic or localized viral infections. We examined if lymph node Trms were also generated in lung-draining mediastinal lymph nodes (mLN) during intranasal infections. Both transgenic P14 cells and endogenous influenza-specific CD69+/CD103+ Trms were detected in lung-draining mLN but absent in non-draining LNs after intranasal infection with recombinant influenza or vaccinia viruses. Similar to lung Trms, which wane over time, these primary memory (1M) mLN Trms had limited persistence with continual contraction throughout the memory phase. As influenza is a seasonal virus, and we previously observed that repeated antigen exposure extended the durability of lung Trms, we investigated the effects of multiple antigen exposures on the mLN Trm population. Similar to their lung Trm-counterparts, the lung-draining LN Trms derived from repeatedly stimulated (4M) memory CD8 T cells exhibited extended survival, down-regulation of Eomesodermin and the shared IL-2/15Rβ CD122 compared to 1M LN Trms. During parabiosis, both 1M and 4M mLN Trms largely maintained residence within their respective hosts. Importantly, hosts containing 4M P14 mLN Trms provided superior early protection against LCMV challenge in the mLN compared to 1M hosts, demonstrating the functional capacity for mLN Trms to contribute to protective anti-viral immune responses. Overall, these data indicate that lung-draining lymph node Trms co-express CD69 and CD103, largely maintain LN-tissue residency and can contribute to subsequent viral infections.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
17

Gu, Jiyang, Xizhong Cui, and Hanping Hong. "A Statistical-Based Model for Typhoon Rain Hazard Assessment." Atmosphere 13, no. 8 (July 24, 2022): 1172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13081172.

Full text
Abstract:
Extreme typhoon rainfall can lead to damaging floods near the coastal region in mainland China. In the present study, we calibrate the parameters for a parametric hurricane rain model by using the precipitation radar (PR) data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) (i.e., PR-TRMM) and the TRMM microwave imager (TMI) data (i.e., TMI-TRMM). To show the applicability of the model for the tropical cyclone (TC) rain hazard assessment, we combine the developed rainfall intensity model with historical and synthetic TC tracks to estimate the T-year return period value of the accumulated rainfall in 24 h, QA24-T. We map QA24-100 for part of the coastal region in mainland China, showing that the spatial variation of QA24-100 is relatively smooth. It was found that the estimated QA24-100 using the model developed, based on the snapshots from PR-TRMM, is about 60% of that obtained using the model developed based on the snapshots from TMI-TRMM. This reflects the differences in the rainfall intensities reported in TMI-TRMM and PR-TRMM. As part of verification, we compare the estimated return period value to that obtained by using the record from surface meteorological stations at a few locations. The comparison indicates that, on average, QA24-100 based on gauge data is about 1.4 and 2.3 times that obtained using the model developed based on the snapshots from PR-TRMM and TRM-TRMM, respectively. This suggests that, for TC rain hazard estimation, one may consider the empirical scaling factor of 1.4 and 2.4 for the rainfall intensity models developed based on snapshots from PR-TRMM and TMI-TRMM, respectively.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
18

Liu, Shaohua, Denghua Yan, Tianling Qin, Baisha Weng, and Meng Li. "Correction of TRMM 3B42V7 Based on Linear Regression Models over China." Advances in Meteorology 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3103749.

Full text
Abstract:
High temporal-spatial precipitation is necessary for hydrological simulation and water resource management, and remotely sensed precipitation products (RSPPs) play a key role in supporting high temporal-spatial precipitation, especially in sparse gauge regions. TRMM 3B42V7 data (TRMM precipitation) is an essential RSPP outperforming other RSPPs. Yet the utilization of TRMM precipitation is still limited by the inaccuracy and low spatial resolution at regional scale. In this paper, linear regression models (LRMs) have been constructed to correct and downscale the TRMM precipitation based on the gauge precipitation at 2257 stations over China from 1998 to 2013. Then, the corrected TRMM precipitation was validated by gauge precipitation at 839 out of 2257 stations in 2014 at station and grid scales. The results show that both monthly and annual LRMs have obviously improved the accuracy of corrected TRMM precipitation with acceptable error, and monthly LRM performs slightly better than annual LRM in Mideastern China. Although the performance of corrected TRMM precipitation from the LRMs has been increased in Northwest China and Tibetan plateau, the error of corrected TRMM precipitation is still significant due to the large deviation between TRMM precipitation and low-density gauge precipitation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
19

Tasak, Monika, and Eric M. Phizicky. "Initiator tRNA lacking 1-methyladenosine is targeted by the rapid tRNA decay path way in evolutionarily distant yeast species." PLOS Genetics 18, no. 7 (July 28, 2022): e1010215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1010215.

Full text
Abstract:
All tRNAs have numerous modifications, lack of which often results in growth defects in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and neurological or other disorders in humans. In S. cerevisiae, lack of tRNA body modifications can lead to impaired tRNA stability and decay of a subset of the hypomodified tRNAs. Mutants lacking 7-methylguanosine at G46 (m7G46), N2,N2-dimethylguanosine (m2,2G26), or 4-acetylcytidine (ac4C12), in combination with other body modification mutants, target certain mature hypomodified tRNAs to the rapid tRNA decay (RTD) pathway, catalyzed by 5’-3’ exonucleases Xrn1 and Rat1, and regulated by Met22. The RTD pathway is conserved in the phylogenetically distant fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe for mutants lacking m7G46. In contrast, S. cerevisiae trm6/gcd10 mutants with reduced 1-methyladenosine (m1A58) specifically target pre-tRNAiMet(CAU) to the nuclear surveillance pathway for 3’-5’ exonucleolytic decay by the TRAMP complex and nuclear exosome. We show here that the RTD pathway has an unexpected major role in the biology of m1A58 and tRNAiMet(CAU) in both S. pombe and S. cerevisiae. We find that S. pombe trm6Δ mutants lacking m1A58 are temperature sensitive due to decay of tRNAiMet(CAU) by the RTD pathway. Thus, trm6Δ mutants had reduced levels of tRNAiMet(CAU) and not of eight other tested tRNAs, overexpression of tRNAiMet(CAU) restored growth, and spontaneous suppressors that restored tRNAiMet(CAU) levels had mutations in dhp1/RAT1 or tol1/MET22. In addition, deletion of cid14/TRF4 in the nuclear surveillance pathway did not restore growth. Furthermore, re-examination of S. cerevisiae trm6 mutants revealed a major role of the RTD pathway in maintaining tRNAiMet(CAU) levels, in addition to the known role of the nuclear surveillance pathway. These findings provide evidence for the importance of m1A58 in the biology of tRNAiMet(CAU) throughout eukaryotes, and fuel speculation that the RTD pathway has a major role in quality control of body modification mutants throughout fungi and other eukaryotes.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
20

Stocker, E. F., F. Alquaied, S. Bilanow, Y. Ji, and L. Jones. "TRMM Version 8 Reprocessing Improvements and Incorporation into the GPM Data Suite." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 35, no. 6 (June 2018): 1181–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-17-0166.1.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractThe National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has always included data reprocessing as a major component of every science mission. A final reprocessing is typically a part of mission closeout (known as phase F). The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) is currently in phase F, and NASA is preparing for the last reprocessing of all the TRMM precipitation data as part of the closeout. This reprocessing includes improvements in calibration of both the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) and the TRMM Precipitation Radar (PR). An initial step in the version 8 reprocessing is the improvement of geolocation. The PR calibration is being updated by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) using data collected as part of the calibration of the Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) on the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Core Observatory. JAXA undertook a major effort to ensure TRMM PR and GPM Ku-band calibration is consistent.A major component of the TRMM version 8 reprocessing is to create consistent retrievals with the GPM version 05 (V05) retrievals. To this end, the TRMM version 8 reprocessing uses retrieval algorithms based on the GPM V05 algorithms. This approach ensures consistent retrievals from December 1997 (the beginning of TRMM) through the current ongoing GPM retrievals. An outcome of this reprocessing is the incorporation of TRMM data products into the GPM data suite. Incorporation also means that GPM file naming conventions and reprocessed TRMM data carry the V05 data product version. This paper describes the TRMM version 8 reprocessing, focusing on the improvements in TMI level 1 products.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
21

Li, Xianghu, Zhen Li, and Yaling Lin. "Suitability of TRMM Products with Different Temporal Resolution (3-Hourly, Daily, and Monthly) for Rainfall Erosivity Estimation." Remote Sensing 12, no. 23 (November 30, 2020): 3924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12233924.

Full text
Abstract:
Rainfall erosivity (RE) is a significant indicator of erosion capacity. The application of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) rainfall products to deal with RE estimation has not received much attention. It is not clear which temporal resolution of TRMM data is most suitable. This study quantified the RE in the Poyang Lake basin, China, based on TRMM 3B42 3-hourly, daily, and 3B43 monthly rainfall data, and investigated their suitability for estimating RE. The results showed that TRMM 3-hourly product had a significant systematic underestimation of monthly RE, especially during the period of April–June for the large values. The TRMM 3B42 daily product seems to have better performance with the relative bias of 3.0% in summer. At the annual scale, TRMM 3B42 daily and 3B43 monthly data had acceptable accuracy, with mean error of 1858 and −85 MJ∙mm/ha∙h and relative bias of 18.3% and −0.85%, respectively. A spatial performance analysis showed that all three TRMM products generally captured the overall spatial patterns of RE, while the TRMM 3B43 product was more suitable in depicting the spatial characteristics of annual RE. This study provides valuable information for the application of TRMM products in mapping RE and risk assessment of soil erosion.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
22

Pjanova, Dace, Yevheniia Hurmach, Mariia Rudyk, Natalia Khranovska, Oksana Skachkova, Irina Verhovcova, and Larysa Skivka. "Effect of Bacteriophage-Derived Double Stranded RNA on Rat Peritoneal Macrophages and Microglia in Normoxia and Hypoxia." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 75, no. 5 (October 1, 2021): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2021-0050.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract The involvement of tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) in health and diseases makes them unique therapeutic targets. TRMs are activated through their surface pattern recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that are essential sensors of danger signals. Here, we determine the activation status of rat peritoneal macrophages (PMs) and microglia (MG) cells under normal and hypoxic conditions and investigate the effect of TLR3 agonist bacteriophage-derived dsRNA (Larifan) on the metabolic profile of TRMs in vitro. We implemented the phenotypic markers CD14 and CD206, arginine metabolism, phagocytic activity and reactive oxygen species generation as metabolic characteristics to evaluate TRMs activation. We showed that normoxic TRMs from different tissue niches responded to Larifan exposure in different ways. PM exhibited signs towards M1 polarisation. In contrast, the MG activation pattern could be considered as neither pro-inflammatory nor anti-inflammatory. We also showed that TRMs, regardless of the tissue niche, responded to hypoxia with a phenotypic shift towards an anti-inflammatory (M2) state. Larifan could attenuate hypoxia-induced TRMs metabolic programming. However, hypoxic conditions could negatively affect the interaction of TRMs with danger signals.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
23

Emmanuel, Thomas, Josephine Mistegård, Anne Bregnhøj, Claus Johansen, and Lars Iversen. "Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in Skin Diseases: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 16 (August 20, 2021): 9004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22169004.

Full text
Abstract:
In health, the non-recirculating nature and long-term persistence of tissue-resident memory T cells (TRMs) in tissues protects against invading pathogens. In disease, pathogenic TRMs contribute to the recurring traits of many skin diseases. We aimed to conduct a systematic literature review on the current understanding of the role of TRMs in skin diseases and identify gaps as well as future research paths. EMBASE, PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Clinicaltrials.gov and WHO Trials Registry were searched systematically for relevant studies from their inception to October 2020. Included studies were reviewed independently by two authors. This study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-S guidelines. This protocol was registered with the PROSPERO database (ref: CRD42020206416). We identified 96 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. TRMs have mostly been investigated in murine skin and in relation to infectious skin diseases. Pathogenic TRMs have been characterized in various skin diseases including psoriasis, vitiligo and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Studies are needed to discover biomarkers that may delineate TRMs poised for pathogenic activity in skin diseases and establish to which extent TRMs are contingent on the local skin microenvironment. Additionally, future studies may investigate the effects of current treatments on the persistence of pathogenic TRMs in human skin.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
24

Haracska, Lajos, Robert E. Johnson, Louise Prakash, and Satya Prakash. "Trf4 and Trf5 Proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Exhibit Poly(A) RNA Polymerase Activity but No DNA Polymerase Activity." Molecular and Cellular Biology 25, no. 22 (November 15, 2005): 10183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.25.22.10183-10189.2005.

Full text
Abstract:
ABSTRACT The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Trf4 and Trf5 proteins are members of a distinct family of eukaryotic DNA polymerase β-like nucleotidyltransferases, and a template-dependent DNA polymerase activity has been reported for Trf4. To define the nucleotidyltransferase activities associated with Trf4 and Tr5, we purified these proteins from yeast cells and show that whereas both proteins exhibit a robust poly(A) polymerase activity, neither of them shows any evidence of a DNA polymerase activity. The poly(A) polymerase activity, as determined for Trf4, is strictly Mn2+ dependent and highly ATP specific, incorporating AMP onto the free 3′-hydroxyl end of an RNA primer. Unlike the related poly(A) polymerases from other eukaryotes, which are located in the cytoplasm and regulate the stability and translation efficiency of specific mRNAs, the Trf4 and Trf5 proteins are nuclear, and a multiprotein complex associated with Trf4 has been recently shown to polyadenylate a variety of misfolded or inappropriately expressed RNAs which activate their degradation by the exosome. To account for the effects of Trf4/Trf5 proteins on the various aspects of DNA metabolism, including chromosome condensation, DNA replication, and sister chromatid cohesion, we suggest an additional and essential role for the Trf4 and Trf5 protein complexes in generating functional mRNA poly(A) tails in the nucleus.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
25

Martin, Jean-Edouard, Sabine Khalife-Hachem, Thomas Grinda, Maria Kfoury, Sylvain Garciaz, Florence Pasquier, Jacques Vargaftig, et al. "Therapy Related Myeloid Neoplasm Post PARP Inhibitors: Potential Clonal Selection." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-139971.

Full text
Abstract:
Introduction Clonal selection is one of the mechanisms leading to therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (TRMN). A preexisting somatic mutation in hematopoietic stem cell (defined as clonal hematopoiesis [CH]) emerges under pressure of chemotherapy or radiotherapy, leading to TRMN development. Most of these mutations belong to the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway as TP53 or PPM1D mutations and are known to confer a dismal prognosis. Recently authorized for the treatment of ovarian cancers (OC), the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) represent a promising targeted therapy. However, by inducing DNA damage and altering DNA repair process, PARP inhibition could represent a challenge for the genetic stability of the healthy tissues. Thus, we assessed the effect of PARP inhibition on the development of CH and TRMN after PARPi treatment for OC (TRMN-PARPi) in combination with chemotherapies. Methods Firstly, we performed a targeted 77 genes mutational analysis using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) in 13 patients exposed to PARPi without TRMN. Secondly, we retrospectively identified, with the help of the UNIHEM group of Unicancer, 17 patients who experienced TRMN-PARPi. Clinical, biological and survival data were collected and compared to 23 OC patients with TRMN not treated with PARPi (Gustave Roussy institutional database). Lastly, NGS was performed for 3 patients with TRMN-PARPi with sequential sampling. Patient's samples were obtained with informed consent. Results Thirteen OC patients during maintenance treatment with PARPi without TRMN were explored by NGS. Median age at NGS was 64.5 years old (yo) (40.5-75.3). 4/13 (31%) patients harbored BRCA1/2 germline mutation. Time between OC diagnosis and NGS was 4.3 y (1-11.6). The median number of chemotherapy line at PARPi initiation was 2 (1-3). 7 received Olaparib, 5 Niraparib and 1 Rucaparib. The median duration of PARPi treatment before NGS was 4.7 months (1.1-25.1). 12/13 patients experienced hematological toxicities during the PARPi treatment. CH was found in 10/13 (77%) patients (Figure 1a), including mutations of DDR genes in 8/10 (80%). 6/8 (75%) patients had 2 or more gene mutations. Next we identified 17 cases of TRMN occurring during or after PARPi administration for OC (6/17 [35%] t-AML and 11/17 [65%] t-MDS). 12/17 (71%) patients had BRCA germline mutations (7 BRCA1 and 5 BRCA2). All received Olaparib with a median dose of 600mg/d (400-1200). Median duration of Olaparib treatment was 1.7 years (0.2-4.6). TRMN-PARPi were described 1.4 months (0-10.9) after the end of PARPi administration. We compared these patients to a cohort of TRMN post OC not treated by PARPi. Number of therapy lines for OC, time between TRMN and OC diagnosis, median age at TRMN, were, for TRMN-PARPi, 2 (1-8), 5.9 y (0.9-20.8), 64.4 yo (46-74); respectively, compared to 3 (1-8), 4.9 y (1.7-36.9), 59.3 yo (35.7-85.7); (p=ns). TRMN-PARPi cytogenetic was unfavorable for 16/17 (94%) (including 11/17 [65%] complex karyotype) compared to 16/23 (70%) (11/23 [48%] complex karyotype). C Median survival was significantly lower in the TRMN-PARPi group 3.9 months 95%CI [2.0-9.7] and 6.1 months 95%CI [4.1-15.8] respectively, p=0.046, Fig 1b). However, median survival from OC diagnosis was not different between the two groups 6.2 y 95%CI [5.6-NA] for TRMN-PARPi vs 5.6 y 95%CI [5.0-11.6]. NGS was available for 8/17 TRMN-PARPi and revealed mutations in DDR genes in 7/8 patients (6 patients with TP53 mutation, 2 with PPM1D mutation). For 3 patients, we had samples from OC stage, before PARPi administration. We found that mutations from TRMN stage were present at lower frequency, confirming clonal selection by PARPi treatment (Figure 1c). Conclusions Here we described, for the first time, a cohort of TRMN patients previously treated with PARPi for an OC. Intriguingly, most of these TRMN occurred with a short latency at the end of PARPi treatment, with unfavorable cytogenetic and very short OS. Moreover, we found a very high percentage of CH involved in the DDR pathway (62%) in patients under PARPi treatment without TRMN suggesting a potential clonal selection which could lead ultimately to TRMN. PARPi are now indicated in 1rst line high grade OC regardless of BRCA status, which should expand indications. Benefit for OC patients is not questionable; however, caution will be warranted for patients with CH before PARPi treatment, especially implicating DDR mutations. Disclosures Etienne: Incyte: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
26

Islam, Md Nazrul, Someshwar Das, and Hiroshi Uyeda. "Calibration of TRMM Derived Rainfall Over Nepal During 1998-2007." Open Atmospheric Science Journal 4, no. 1 (January 19, 2010): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874282301004010012.

Full text
Abstract:
In this study rainfall is calculated from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Version 6 (V6) 3B42 datasets and calibrated with reference to the observed daily rainfall by rain-gauge collected at 15 locations over Nepal during 1998-2007. In monthly, seasonal and annual scales TRMM estimated rainfalls follow the similar distribution of historical patterns obtained from the rain-gauge data. Rainfall is large in the Southern parts of the country, especially in the Central Nepal. Day-to-day rainfall comparison shows that TRMM derived trend is very similar to the observed data but TRMM usually underestimates rainfall on many days with some exceptions of overestimation on some days. The correlation coefficient of rainfalls between TRMM and rain-gauge data is obtained about 0.71. TRMM can measure about 65.39% of surface rainfall in Nepal. After using calibration factors obtained through regression expression the TRMM estimated rainfall over Nepal becomes about 99.91% of observed data. TRMM detection of rainy days is poor over Nepal; it can approximately detect, under-detect and over-detect by 19%, 72% and 9% of stations respectively. False alarm rate, probability of detection, threat score and skill score are calculated as 0.30, 0.68, 0.53 and 0.55 respectively. Finally, TRMM data can be utilized in measuring mountainous rainfall over Nepal but exact amount of rainfall has to be calculated with the help of adjustment factors obtained through calibration procedure. This preliminary work is the preparation of utilization of Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) data to be commencing in 2013.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
27

TROST, Claudia, Christiane BERGS, Nina HIMMERKUS, and Veit FLOCKERZI. "The transient receptor potential, TRP4, cation channel is a novel member of the family of calmodulin binding proteins." Biochemical Journal 355, no. 3 (April 24, 2001): 663–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3550663.

Full text
Abstract:
The mammalian gene products, transient receptor potential (trp)1 to trp7, are related to the Drosophila TRP and TRP-like ion channels, and are candidate proteins underlying agonist-activated Ca2+-permeable ion channels. Recently, the TRP4 protein has been shown to be part of native store-operated Ca2+-permeable channels. These channels, most likely, are composed of other proteins in addition to TRP4. In the present paper we report the direct interaction of TRP4 and calmodulin (CaM) by: (1) retention of in vitro translated TRP4 and of TRP4 protein solubilized from bovine adrenal cortex by CaM–Sepharose in the presence of Ca2+, and (2) TRP4–glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments. Two domains of TRP4, amino acid residues 688–759 and 786–848, were identified as being able to interact with CaM. The binding of CaM to both domains occurred only in the presence of Ca2+ concentrations above 10µM, with half maximal binding occurring at 16.6µM (domain 1) and 27.9µM Ca2+ (domain 2). Synthetic peptides, encompassing the two putative CaM binding sites within these domains and covering amino acid residues 694–728 and 829–853, interacted directly with dansyl–CaM with apparent Kd values of 94–189nM. These results indicate that TRP4/Ca2+-CaM are parts of a signalling complex involved in agonist-induced Ca2+ entry.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
28

Leijen, Daan, and Anton Lorenzen. "Tail Recursion Modulo Context: An Equational Approach." Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 7, POPL (January 9, 2023): 1152–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3571233.

Full text
Abstract:
The tail-recursion modulo cons transformation can rewrite functions that are not quite tail-recursive into a tail-recursive form that can be executed efficiently. In this article we generalize tail recursion modulo cons (TRMc) to modulo contexts (TRMC), and calculate a general TRMC algorithm from its specification. We can instantiate our general algorithm by providing an implementation of application and composition on abstract contexts, and showing that our context laws_ hold. We provide some known instantiations of TRMC, namely modulo evaluation contexts (CPS), and associative operations , and further instantiantions not so commonly associated with TRMC, such as defunctionalized evaluation contexts, monoids , semirings , exponents , and cons products . We study the modulo cons instantiation in particular and prove that an instantiation using Minamide’s hole calculus is sound. We also calculate a second instantiation in terms of the Perceus heap semantics to precisely reason about the soundness of in-place update. While all previous approaches to TRMc fail in the presence of non-linear control (for example induced by call/cc, shift/reset or algebraic effect handlers), we can elegantly extend the heap semantics to a hybrid approach which dynamically adapts to non-linear control flow. We have a full implementation of hybrid TRMc in the Koka language and our benchmark shows the TRMc transformed functions are always as fast or faster than using manual alternatives.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
29

Yamanaka, Kunitoshi, Jihwan Hwang, and Masayori Inouye. "Characterization of GTPase Activity of TrmE, a Member of a Novel GTPase Superfamily, from Thermotoga maritima." Journal of Bacteriology 182, no. 24 (December 15, 2000): 7078–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.182.24.7078-7082.2000.

Full text
Abstract:
ABSTRACT A gene encoding a putative GTP-binding protein, a TrmE homologue that is highly conserved in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, was cloned from Thermotoga maritima, a hyperthermophilic bacterium.T. maritima TrmE was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified. TrmE has a GTPase activity but no ATPase activity. The GTPase activity can be competed with GTP, GDP, and dGTP but not with GMP, ATP, CTP, or UTP. Km andk cat at 70°C were 833 μM and 9.3 min−1, respectively. Our results indicate that TrmE is a GTP-binding protein with a very high intrinsic GTP hydrolysis rate. We also propose that TrmE homologues constitute a novel subfamily of the GTPase superfamily.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
30

Simard, J. Marc, and Volodymyr Gerzanich. "TRPM4 and the Emperor." Channels 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 174–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19336950.2017.1398967.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
31

Wilheit, Thomas. "The TRMM Measurement Concept." Meteorological Monographs 29, no. 51 (January 2003): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/0065-9401(2003)029<0197:cttmc>2.0.co;2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
32

Gao, Yahui, and Ping Liao. "TRPM4 channel and cancer." Cancer Letters 454 (July 2019): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2019.04.012.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
33

Preti, Barbara, Jean-Sébastien Rougier, Irida Papapostolou, Florian Bochen, Christian E. Gerber, Hugues Abriel, Martin Lochner, and Christine Peinelt. "Targeting Ion Channel TRPM4." CHIMIA 76, no. 12 (December 21, 2022): 1039. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2022.1039.

Full text
Abstract:
The transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) ion channel is ubiquitously expressed. Dysregulation and/or functional mutations of TRPM4 lead to several diseases. Within our studies, we screened for TRPM4 inhibitors and identified small molecules that block TRPM4 in the low µM range. Furthermore, we investigated the pathophysiology of TRPM4 in cardiac conditions, immune diseases and cancer using these novel inhibitors, molecular biology techniques and functional assays.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
34

Conway, Charles R., Mehret D. Gebretsadik, and Richard D. Bucholz. "Marked Response to VNS in a Post-Cingulotomy Patient: Implications for the Mechanism of Action of VNS in TRD." CNS Spectrums 16, no. 6 (June 2011): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852912000302.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractTreatment-resistant major depression (TRMD, major depressive disorder that fails to respond to numerous therapies) is a relatively common and clinically challenging disorder. In many cases, the most severely affected TRMD patients have received surgical intervention (subcaudate tractotomy, limbic leucotomy, anterior capsulotomy, and anterior cingulotomy). New treatments, including vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) and deep brain stimulation, have emerged to treat individuals with TRMD. We describe the case of a woman, 53 years of age, with a long and sustained history of TRMD (33 years), which was unresponsive to numerous treatments (multiple pharmacotherapies, psychotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy [ECT]). Additionally, her TRMD failed to respond to a bilateral anterior cingulotomy. She underwent placement of a cervical vagus nerve stimulator and a brief course of ECT (3 unilateral treatments). Her depression improved markedly, and it has remained in sustained remission for 3.5 years. This case suggests a potential synergistic effect of VNS and ECT, as well as provides possible clues to the neural circuitry of VNS in TRMD.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
35

Lee, Sang Hun, Mariana M. Chaves, Olena Kamenyeva, Pedro H. Gazzinelli-Guimaraes, Byunghyun Kang, Gabriela Pessenda, Katiuska Passelli, et al. "M2-like, dermal macrophages are maintained via IL-4/CCL24–mediated cooperative interaction with eosinophils in cutaneous leishmaniasis." Science Immunology 5, no. 46 (April 10, 2020): eaaz4415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.aaz4415.

Full text
Abstract:
Tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) maintain tissue homeostasis, but they can also provide a replicative niche for intracellular pathogens such as Leishmania. How dermal TRMs proliferate and maintain their M2 properties even in the strong TH1 environment of the L. major infected dermis is not clear. Here, we show that, in infected mice lacking IL-4/13 from eosinophils, dermal TRMs shifted to a proinflammatory state, their numbers declined, and disease was attenuated. Intravital microscopy revealed a rapid infiltration of eosinophils followed by their tight interaction with dermal TRMs. IL-4–stimulated dermal TRMs, in concert with IL-10, produced a large amount of CCL24, which functioned to amplify eosinophil influx and their interaction with dermal TRMs. An intraperitoneal helminth infection model also demonstrated a requirement for eosinophil-derived IL-4 to maintain tissue macrophages through a CCL24-mediated amplification loop. CCL24 secretion was confined to resident macrophages in other tissues, implicating eosinophil-TRM cooperative interactions in diverse inflammatory settings.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
36

Lee, Sang Hun, Mariana M. Chaves, Olena Kamenyeva, Pedro H. Gazzinelli-Guimaraes, Byung Hyun Kang, Gabriela Pessenda, Passelli Kaiuska, et al. "M2-like, dermal macrophages are maintained via IL-4/CCL24 mediated cooperative interaction with eosinophils in cutaneous leishmaniasis." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2020): 148.3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.148.3.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) maintain tissue homeostasis, but they can also provide a replicative niche for intracellular pathogens such as Leishmania. How dermal TRMs proliferate and maintain their M2 properties even in the strong TH1 environment of the L. major infected dermis is not clear. Here, we show that in infected mice lacking IL-4/IL-13 from eosinophils, dermal TRMs shifted to a pro-inflammatory state, their numbers declined, and disease was attenuated. Intravital microscopy revealed a rapid infiltration of eosinophils followed by their tight interaction with dermal TRMs. IL-4-stimulated dermal TRMs, in concert with IL-10, produced a large amount of CCL24 which functioned to amplify eosinophil influx and their interaction with dermal TRMs. An intraperitoneal helminth infection model also demonstrated a requirement for eosinophil-derived IL-4 to maintain tissue macrophages through a CCL24-mediated amplification loop. CCL24 secretion was confined to resident macrophages in other tissues, implicating eosinophil-TRM cooperative interactions in diverse inflammatory settings.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
37

S. Rao, Vidya, V. I. George, Surekha Kamath, and C. Shreesha. "Stability analysis of closed loop TRMS with observer based reliable H infinity controller using Kharitonov’s stability theorem." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.21 (April 20, 2018): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.21.11846.

Full text
Abstract:
The laboratory Twin Rotor Multiple Input Multiple Output System (TRMS) serving as a model of a helicopter has un modeled errors in its model, due to linearization, measurement errors, equipment wear, sensors or/and actuator failures. This mismatch is termed as uncertainties in the model. Due to sensor and actuator failure there would exist a large range of uncertainties. In this paper, the range of robust stability bound for closed loop TRMS along with observer based reliable H infinity controller using Kharitonov’s stability theorem is found. The variation in parameters of TRMS from its nominal values are shown. The Kharitonov’s stability analysis on TRMS proves that within the mentioned uncertainty limit the TRMS along with observer based reliable H infinity controller gives the closed loop stable response.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
38

Setti, Sridhara, Rathinasamy Maheswaran, Venkataramana Sridhar, Kamal Kumar Barik, Bruno Merz, and Ankit Agarwal. "Inter-Comparison of Gauge-Based Gridded Data, Reanalysis and Satellite Precipitation Product with an Emphasis on Hydrological Modeling." Atmosphere 11, no. 11 (November 20, 2020): 1252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11111252.

Full text
Abstract:
Precipitation is essential for modeling the hydrologic behavior of watersheds. There exist multiple precipitation products of different sources and precision. We evaluate the influence of different precipitation product on model parameters and streamflow predictive uncertainty using a soil water assessment tool (SWAT) model for a forest dominated catchment in India. We used IMD (gridded rainfall dataset), TRMM (satellite product), bias-corrected TRMM (corrected satellite product) and NCEP-CFSR (reanalysis dataset) over a period from 1998–2012 for simulating streamflow. The precipitation analysis using statistical measures revealed that the TRMM and CFSR data slightly overestimate rainfall compared to the ground-based IMD data. However, the TRMM estimates improved, applying a bias correction. The Nash–Sutcliffe (and R2) values for TRMM, TRMMbias and CFSR, are 0.58 (0.62), 0.62 (0.63) and 0.52 (0.54), respectively at model calibrated with IMD data (Scenario A). The models of each precipitation product (Scenario B) yielded Nash–Sutcliffe (and R2) values 0.71 (0.76), 0.74 (0.78) and 0.76 (0.77) for TRMM, TRMMbias and CFSR datasets, respectively. Thus, the hydrological model-based evaluation revealed that the model calibration with individual rainfall data as input showed increased accuracy in the streamflow simulation. IMD and TRMM forced models to perform better in capturing the streamflow simulations than the CFSR reanalysis-driven model. Overall, our results showed that TRMM data after proper correction could be a good alternative for ground observations for driving hydrological models.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
39

Saito, Hiroko, Toshio Suga, Kimio Hanawa, and Nobuyuki Shikama. "The Transition Region Mode Water of the North Pacific and Its Rapid Modification." Journal of Physical Oceanography 41, no. 9 (September 1, 2011): 1639–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jpo4346.1.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Using Argo float data, this study examined the formation region, spatial distribution, and modification of transition region mode water (TRMW), which is a recently identified pycnostad in the subtropical–subarctic transition region of the North Pacific, the basin-scale boundary region between subtropical and subarctic water masses. Analyses of the formation fields of water masses within and around the transition region reveal that TRMW forms in a wide area from the western to central transition region and is separated from the denser variety of central mode water (D-CMW) to the south by a temperature and salinity front. TRMW has temperatures of 4°–9°C and salinities of 33.3–34.0, making it colder and fresher than D-CMW. TRMW has a density range of 26.3–26.6 σθ, and thick TRMW is widely distributed in the transition region. However, the range of the T–S properties at TRMW cores is substantially reduced downstream within 10°–20° longitude from the formation region by gradually losing its fresh and cold side. It is also demonstrated that a major part of TRMW of 26.4–26.6 σθ is entrained into the mixed layer in the following winter. Quasi-Lagrangian observation by an isopycnal-following Argo float demonstrates that the double-diffusive salt-finger convection plausibly causes not only rapid erosion of the TRMW pycnostads but also an increase of salinity and temperature at the TRMW cores, at least to some degree. It is demonstrated that strong salt fingering within TRMW is probably caused by geostrophic currents with vertical shear crossing the density-compensating T–S front that brings warm and saline water to the upper TRMW and creates instability in the salinity stratification. This modification process could explain why water that is subducted from the transition region and constitutes the pycnocline of the subtropical gyre in the North Pacific has different T–S properties from the winter mixed layer of the transition region. This knowledge about the modification process of subducted water in the transition region would help to model the permanent pycnocline structure more realistically and to clarify how large signals of decadal and multidecadal variability of sea surface temperature in this region are propagated into the ocean interior.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
40

Shukla, Anoop, Chandra Ojha, Rajendra Singh, Lalit Pal, and Dafang Fu. "Evaluation of TRMM Precipitation Dataset over Himalayan Catchment: The Upper Ganga Basin, India." Water 11, no. 3 (March 25, 2019): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11030613.

Full text
Abstract:
Satellite based rainfall estimation techniques have emerged as a potential alternative to ground based rainfall measurements. The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation, in particular, has been used in various climate and hydrology based studies around the world. While having wide possibilities, TRMM rainfall estimates are found to be inconsistent with the ground based rainfall measurements at various locations such as the southwest coast and Himalayan region of India, northeast parts of USA, Lake Victoria in Africa, La Plata basin in South America, etc. In this study, the applicability of TRMM estimates is evaluated over the Upper Ganga Basin (Himalayan catchment) by comparing against gauge-based India Meteorological Department (IMD) gridded precipitation records. Apart from temporal evaluation, the ability of TRMM in capturing spatial distribution is also examined using three statistical parameters namely correlation coefficient (r), mean absolute error (MAE) and relative bias (RBIAS). In the results, the dual nature of bias is evident in TRMM precipitation with rainfall magnitude falling in the range from 100 to 370 mm representing positive bias, whereas, rainfall magnitude above 400 mm, approximately, representing negative bias. The Quantile Mapping (QM) approach has been used to correct the TRMM dataset from these biases. The raw TRMM precipitation is found to be fairly correlated with IMD rainfall for post-monsoon and winter season with R2 values of 0.65 and 0.57, respectively. The R2 value of 0.41 is obtained for the monsoon season, whereas least correlation is found for the pre-monsoon season with an R2 value of 0.24. Moreover, spatial distribution of rainfall during post-monsoon and winter season is captured adequately; however, the limited efficiency of TRMM is reflected for pre-monsoon and monsoon season. Bias correction has satisfactorily enhanced the spatial distribution of rainfall obtained from TRMM for almost all the seasons except for monsoon. Overall, the corrected TRMM precipitation dataset can be used for various climate analyses and hydrological water balance based studies in the Himalayan river basins.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
41

Nomleni, Aprianto, Ery Suhartanto, and Donny Harisuseno. "Estimation of Flow Discharge Model at Temef Watershed - East Nusa Tenggara Using TRMM Satellite Data." Civil and Environmental Science 004, no. 02 (October 1, 2021): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.civense.2021.00402.2.

Full text
Abstract:
Data collection based on satellite TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) presents one of the good alternatives in estimating rainfall. TRMM technology can minimize manual rainfall recording errors and improve rainfall accuracy for hydrological analysis. The analysis method used in this research is divided into 3 (three) stages, namely Hydrology analysis, Statistical Analysis and Artificial Neural Network Analysis. From the results of TRMM JAXA analysis in the Temef Watershed Area of East Nusa Tenggara Province obtained TRMM JAXA satellite rainfall relationship to observation data shows rainfall patterns between the two data are interconnected but for cases with very high observation rainfall, TRMM rainfall data tends to be low. From statistical method analysis, the relationship between observation rainfall and TRMM JAXA rainfall obtained results with a "Very Strong" interpretation indicated by the results of 9 years calibration and 1 year validation where the selected equation is a polynomial equation (y=-0,0123x2 + 1,5553x + 20,222). Rain data correction results simulated with Debit data to see the relationship between rain and discharge that occurred, this analysis using Artificial Neural Network with Backpropagation method, the results showed a "Strong" interpretation where statistically the value of Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) 0.920, the coefficient value of correlation of field discharge and TRMM rainfall is 0,877 % and the relative error occurred is 2,62%
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
42

Keffer-Wilkes, Laura Carole, Emily F. Soon, and Ute Kothe. "The methyltransferase TrmA facilitates tRNA folding through interaction with its RNA-binding domain." Nucleic Acids Research 48, no. 14 (June 29, 2020): 7981–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa548.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract tRNAs are the most highly modified RNAs in all cells, and formation of 5-methyluridine (m5U) at position 54 in the T arm is a common RNA modification found in all tRNAs. The m5U modification is generated by the methyltransferase TrmA. Here, we test and prove the hypothesis that Escherichia coli TrmA has dual functions, acting both as a methyltransferase and as a tRNA chaperone. We identify two conserved residues, F106 and H125, in the RNA-binding domain of TrmA, which interact with the tRNA elbow and are critical for tRNA binding. Co-culture competition assays reveal that the catalytic activity of TrmA is important for cellular fitness, and that substitutions of F106 or H125 impair cellular fitness. We directly show that TrmA enhances tRNA folding in vitro independent of its catalytic activity. In conclusion, our study suggests that F106 and H125 in the RNA-binding domain of TrmA act as a wedge disrupting tertiary interactions between tRNA’s D arm and T arm; this tRNA unfolding is the mechanistic basis for TrmA’s tRNA chaperone activity. TrmA is the second tRNA modifying enzyme next to the pseudouridine synthase TruB shown to act as a tRNA chaperone supporting a functional link between RNA modification and folding.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
43

Nguyen, Thi Le Na, and Quoc Huy Vu. "Dynamic Model of TRMS Based on Homogeneous Transformation and Euler-Lagrange Equation." International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering 11, no. 8 (August 19, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.46338/ijetae0821_01.

Full text
Abstract:
The aerodynamic experimental set TRMS (Twin Rotor MIMO System) is a strong nonlinear system, which has been taken by many scientists as an object to test modern control algorithms. The paper built a complete and explicit dynamic model for the TRMS based on dissociating TRMS into 3 subsystems, using homogeneous transformations in orthogonal coordinate systems to calculate the mass point’s position and velocity in component sub-systems; Euler - Lagrange equation was applied to model the dynamics for the object. Keywords— TRMS, dynamics, homogeneous transformation, mechanical system dissociation, Euler - Lagrange.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
44

Manrique Ospina, Carlos Andrés. "Trayectorias del relativismo moderno y su ontología política: entre la posverdad y la hiperverdad." Universitas Philosophica 36, no. 72 (March 29, 2019): 151–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.uph36-72.trmo.

Full text
Abstract:
Este artículo problematiza el difundido diagnóstico sobre la relación entre política y verdad, o política y mentira, que se moviliza con el vocablo posverdad. Primero, se cuestiona la presunta novedad histórica que este pretende identificar, recordando cómo la filosofía política en Occidente ha estado atravesada por una ansiedad frente a la fuerza amenazante de un discurso huérfano y errante que circula sin conciencia y sin referente. Segundo, se indican las limitaciones del reproche en relación con la retirada de la razón y la veracidad de la política, y su falla en atender a cómo, desplazándonos del campo de la política electoral al de la técnica gubernamental, opera hoy una producción de la verdad de lo social en un discurso tecnocientífico hegemónico. Tercero, se muestra que hay una coherencia estructural entre la técnica gubernamental de la hiperverdad y el inescrupoloso interés estratégico en la realpolitik de la política electoral, coherencia anclada en las premisas ontológicas y epistémicas de la concepción moderna de lo político. Finalmente, se destaca la potencia crítica que ante este panorama nos ofrece aún el legado del posestructuralismo.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
45

Senjaya, Theo, Doddi Yudianto, Xie Yuebo, and Wanny K. Adidarma. "Application of TRMM in the Hydrological Analysis of Upper Bengawan Solo River Basin." Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum 6, no. 3 (September 16, 2020): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jcef.57125.

Full text
Abstract:
Rainfall is a major water resource with a significant role in terms of growth, environment concerns, and sustainability. Several human activities demand adequate water supply for drinking, agriculture, domestic, and commercial consumption. The accuracy of any hydrologic study depends heavily on the availability of good-quality precipitation estimates. Most countries are unable to provide sufficient climatic data, including rainfall and observed discharge statistics. This scarcity is a huge obstacle in conducting thorough hydrologic studies over a certain period. For instance, Indonesia, as an archipelagic country, has long been faced with data availability problems. For this reason, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), which was developed by NASA, became an alternative solution to rainfall data limitations. However, to be applied in hydrologic investigations, TRMM data require proper estimation and adjustment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of TRMM rainfall data and its application in determining design flood and water availability. Dividing the data into several groups based on its magnitude and multiplying each unit with a correction coefficient are parts of the modification process. Subsequently, objective functions, including false alarm ratio (FAR), probability of detection (POD), and root mean square error (RMSE) were also applied. Rainfall-runoff modeling and design storm analysis at Delingan dam were used to study the TRMM correction performance. Based on the analysis, corrected TRMM showed considerable findings compared to ground station data. Model calibration and verification using corrected TRMM data provide satisfactory model parameters compared to ground station derivatives. The results also disclosed a closer fit of the corrected TRMM to catchment response translated from derived rainfall-runoff model parameters to ground station compared to control. Furthermore, design storm calculated from corrected TRMM reflects an improvement compared to uncorrected TRMM data.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
46

Harysandi, Dea Kurnia, and Marzuki Marzuki. "Pemanfaatan Data Satelit Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission 3A25 dan 3B43 Sebagai Input Model ITU-R untuk Mengestimasi Intensitas Curah Hujan di Indonesia." JURNAL ILMU FISIKA | UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS 11, no. 2 (September 23, 2019): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jif.11.2.72-80.2019.

Full text
Abstract:
Model yang dikeluarkan oleh International Telecommunication Union-Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) digunakan secara luas untuk menentukan intensitas curah hujan dalam pemodelan penjalaran gelombang elektromagnetik dalam medium hujan. Parameter yang digunakan untuk menentukan intensitas curah hujan adalah curah hujan rata-rata tahunan (Mt) dan probabilitas hujan (P0). Input data dari model ITU-R berasal dari data 40-year ECMWF re-analysis (ERA-40) dengan resolusi spasial dan temporal yang rendah. Penelitian ini menguji penggunaan data satelit Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3A25 dan 3B43 yang memiliki resolusi spasial yang lebih baik sebagai input data ITU-R (ITU-R P.837-6). Data TRMM yang digunakan adalah data dari tahun 1998 sampai 2014. Hasil estimasi dibandingkan dengan model ITU-R standar dan kemudian divalidasi dengan data rain gauge di Kototabang dan data DBSG3 untuk Bandung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan data TRMM 3A25 dan 3B43 sebagai input model ITU-R P.837-6 cukup akurat untuk mengestimasi curah hujan di Indonesia. Nilai root mean square error (RMSE) dan persentase error yang didapatkan dari data TRMM dan model ITU-R tidak jauh berbeda ketika dibandingkan dengan data rain gauge dan DBSG3. Untuk keseluruhan data di Kototabang, nilai RMSE dari TRMM dan ITU-R berturut-turut adalah 21,97 dan 16,70 mm/h dengan persentase error 16,28% dan 9,63%. Untuk Bandung, nilai RMSE ketika dibandingkan dengan data DBSG3 adalah 8,72 mm/h (TRMM) dan 1,72 mm/h (ITU-R) dengan persentase error 16,18% (TRMM) dan 11,13% (ITU-R). Dengan demikian, ITU-R dengan input ERA-40 lebih akurat dari ITU-R dengan input TRMM 3A25 dan 3B43 untuk mengestimasi intensitas curah hujan menitan di Indonesia.Kata kunci: Intensitas curah hujan, TRMM, ITU-R P.837-6, Indonesia
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
47

Ayasoufi, Katayoun, Shelby Namen, Emma Goddery, Zachariah Tritz, Cori E. Fain, Lila Yokanovich, Fang Jin, and Aaron J. Johnson. "Rapid activation of brain resident memory T cells following neurological insults." Journal of Immunology 202, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2019): 56.20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.56.20.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Brain tissue resident memory T cells (TRM) are an emerging lymphocyte of interest. While the phenotype and gene expression pattern of brain TRMs have recently been discussed, their function and response to neurologic insults is not yet understood. Using the described phenotype of TRMs (TCRB+, CD69+, CD4 or CD8+, CD103−, CD44+), we analyzed the reaction of this lymphocyte in the brain to various neurological insults. We found that physical insult induced by an intracranial(ic) injection of PBS resulted in increased TRM numbers within 24 hours post insult. This TRM population later decreased yet remained above baseline by 50 days post insult. Interestingly, TRM populations also increased in the brains of animals as a function of age, suggesting natural insults experienced by mice leads to an ever increasing TRM population in the brain. We then assessed the reaction of TRMs to virus in the brain. Mice infected ic with Theiler’s Murine Encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) had a marked increase in brain TRMs one day later, which is 4 days prior to detection of traditional TMEV antigenspecific CD8 T cells. This implies TRMs respond to CNS viral infections prior to generation of virus antigen specific responses. Finally, we investigated the role of dendritic cell (DC) antigen presentation in generation of TRMs using our novel MHC class I conditional knockout mice. Conditional ablation of H-2Kb and H-2Db did not disrupt TRM populations in the brain. Our data is the first study to show: 1. Activation of TRMs in the brain preceded antigen specific cell infiltration and 2. MHC class I molecules on DCs are not required to generate brain resident TRMS. Understanding brain TRMs is crucial in elucidating their role in neurodegeneration and/or targeting them in CNS cancers.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
48

Jie, Gao. "An Assessment of Rainfall Measurement Based on TRMM Products." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 2193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.2193.

Full text
Abstract:
Contrasts between TRMM 3B43 monthly data and rainfall observations of 720 stations in China are conducted based on a linear regression model. During January 1999 and December 2007, there is a significant correlation between TRMM data and the observed ones with an average r2 0.834. TRMM data performs better in the South and North, especially for flat regions. Limited by radar signal degradation due to heavy rain and low resolution of monitoring, TRMM data have better results in low-flow season than that in flood season. TRMM data cover all the places in middle and low latitudes. It is useful for long-term water resources planning, drought analysis in ungauged basins (PUB), and will be helpful for flood warning. Spatiotemporal data with higher resolution will greatly promote the development of hydrology in the future.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
49

Barlian Soeryamassoeka, Stefanus Barlian Soeryamassoeka, Robertus Wahyudi Triweko, and Doddi Yudianto. "VALIDATION OF TROPICAL RAINFALL MEASURING MISSION (TRMM) DATA IN THE UPPER KAPUAS RIVER BASIN." Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology 11, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcest.2618.2020.

Full text
Abstract:
Rainfall is a difficult parameter to measure, due to large spatial and temporal variations. Lack of data availability, data incompletely, less spreading of station, less observer, and manual data entry are other problems for rainfall predicting. To encourage these problems rainfall satellite can be used, because it has high temporal and spatial resolution, widely coverage, near real-time and fast accessibility. This research was conducted in the upper Kapuas River Basin, West Kalimantan, to determine how TRMM satellite-derived rainfall compares with ground-measured values and the possibility of using it to complement ground-measured rainfall. The statistical analyses and correction factor development for TRMM data are conducted to validate and correct the TRMM data on eleven sub basin in Kapuas River basin. Validation showed high correlation between TRMM and gauge data. Validation shows a high correlation and lowest RMSE between TRMM and gauge data in the sub basin adjacent to the gauge station (r= 0.76-0.8, RMSE 0,84-0,92). The results of the analysis also show that after correction, the corrected TRMM data errors were reduced for the eleven rainfall
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
50

Osei-Kwarteng, Josephine, Qiong Fang Li, and Kwaku Amaning Adjei. "Comparison of TRMM Data with Rain Gauge Observations in the Upper Huaihe River Basin of China." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 3385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.3385.

Full text
Abstract:
In this study, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) version 7 satellite rainfall product, TRMM 3B42 (V7), was validated using rain gauge measurements in the Upper Huaihe Basin, China. This validation was carried out at monthly and annual temporal scales for an 11-year period using four selected grids with six, four, two and one rain gauge station (s) located within the TRMM grid respectively; the rain gage measurements for grids with more than one rain gauge were averaged. This study found that the validation of the TRMM dataset in grids where there were adequate rain gauge were present to capture the distributed and stochastic nature of rainfall with very good correlation (0.87-0.94) and with very little relative bias when the rain gage accumulations were compared with the TRMM estimates. From the study we found that the TRMM dataset can be used as precipitation input for hydrological modeling at monthly and annual scales for sustainable water resources management in the Upper Huaihe River and even in un-gaged or sparsely gaged basins in other parts of the world.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the bibliographies on the topic 'TRM4' for other source types:
Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography