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Academic literature on the topic 'TRM4'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "TRM4"

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Kuratani, Mitsuo, Masashi Hirano, Sakurako Goto-Ito, Yuzuru Itoh, Yasushi Hikida, Madoka Nishimoto, Shun-ichi Sekine, et al. "Crystal Structure of Methanocaldococcus jannaschii Trm4 Complexed with Sinefungin." Journal of Molecular Biology 401, no. 3 (August 2010): 323–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2010.06.046.

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Moon, Haley J., and Kent L. Redman. "Trm4 and Nsun2 RNA:m5C Methyltransferases Form Metabolite-Dependent, Covalent Adducts with Previously Methylated RNA." Biochemistry 53, no. 45 (November 6, 2014): 7132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi500882b.

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Andersson, Karl-Erik. "TRP Channels as Lower Urinary Tract Sensory Targets." Medical Sciences 7, no. 5 (May 22, 2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medsci7050067.

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Several members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily, including TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV4, TRM4, TRPM8 and TRPA1, are expressed in the lower urinary tract (LUT), not only in neuronal fibers innervating the bladder and urethra, but also in the urothelial and muscular layers of the bladder and urethral walls. In the LUT, TRP channels are mainly involved in nociception and mechanosensory transduction. Animal studies have suggested the therapeutic potential of several TRP channels for the treatment of both bladder over- and underactivity and bladder pain disorders,; however translation of this finding to clinical application has been slow and the involvement of these channels in normal human bladder function, and in various pathologic states have not been established. The development of selective TRP channel agonists and antagonists is ongoing and the use of such agents can be expected to offer new and important information concerning both normal physiological functions and possible therapeutic applications.
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MOTORIN, YURI, and HENRI GROSJEAN. "Multisite-specific tRNA:m5C-methyltransferase (Trm4) in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Identification of the gene and substrate specificity of the enzyme." RNA 5, no. 8 (August 1999): 1105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355838299982201.

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Urbonavičius, Jaunius, Jérôme M. B. Durand, and Glenn R. Björk. "Three Modifications in the D and T Arms of tRNA Influence Translation in Escherichia coli and Expression of Virulence Genes in Shigella flexneri." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 19 (October 1, 2002): 5348–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.19.5348-5357.2002.

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ABSTRACT The modified nucleosides 2′-O-methylguanosine, present at position 18 (Gm18), 5-methyluridine, present at position 54 (m5U54), and pseudouridine, present at position 55 (Ψ55), are located in the D and T arms of tRNAs and are close in space in the three-dimensional (3D) structure of this molecule in the bacterium Escherichia coli. The formation of these modified nucleosides is catalyzed by the products of genes trmH (Gm18), trmA (m5U54), and truB (Ψ55). The combination of trmH, trmA, and truB mutations resulting in lack of these three modifications reduced the growth rate, especially at high temperature. Moreover, the lack of three modified nucleotides in tRNA induced defects in the translation of certain codons, sensitivity to amino acid analog 3,4-dehydro-dl-proline, and an altered oxidation of some carbon compounds. The results are consistent with the suggestion that these modified nucleosides, two of which directly interact in the 3D structure of tRNA by forming a hydrogen bond between Ψ55 and Gm18, stabilize the structure of the tRNA. Moreover, lack of Ψ55 in tRNA of human pathogen Shigella flexneri leads to a reduced expression of several virulence-associated genes.
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Christian, Thomas, and Ya-Ming Hou. "Distinct Determinants of tRNA Recognition by the TrmD and Trm5 Methyl Transferases." Journal of Molecular Biology 373, no. 3 (October 2007): 623–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2007.08.010.

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Goto-Ito, Sakurako, Takuhiro Ito, and Shigeyuki Yokoyama. "Trm5 and TrmD: Two Enzymes from Distinct Origins Catalyze the Identical tRNA Modification, m1G37." Biomolecules 7, no. 4 (March 21, 2017): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom7010032.

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Wisal, Shakoor, Alia Gul, and Hina Gul. "Quality Evaluation of Strawberry Juice with TSS of 30.5o Brix Preserved with Benzoate, Sorbate, and Antioxidant Stored At Refrigeration Temperature." Global Drug Design & Development Review VII, no. I (March 30, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gdddr.2022(vii-i).01.

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The aim of this research was carried out to investigate the effect of different sucrose concentrations and chemical preservatives and storage temperature, i.e., refrigeration temperature (4-10oC), on the physico chemical and sensory attributes of strawberry juice stored for one year. samples were numbered as, TR32=Strawberry juice (30.5obrix) - no preservative, TR33=Strawberry juice(30.5obrix) with 0.1Percent sodium benzoate, TR34=Strawberry juice (30.5obrix) with 0.1Percent potassium sorbate,TR35=Strawberry juice (30.5obrix) with 0.05Percent sodium benzoate 0.05 Percent potassium sorbate,TR44=Strawberry juice (30.5obrix) - no preservatives (control), TR45=Strawberry juice (30.5obrix) with 0.1 Percent sodium benzoate, TR46=Strawberry juice (30.5obrix) with 0.1Percent potassium sorbate,TR47=Strawberry juice (30.5obrix) with 0.05Percent sodium benzoate 0.05Percent potassium sorbate. As a result,a decrease in color was recorded for all samples, but it was in the acceptable range during storage. Flavor deterioration occurred in control samples (TR32 and TR44), while treated samples showed less loss in flavor during storage. Comparatively better consistency was recorded by treated juice. After one year of storage, the samples were acceptable to the consumer on the basis of color, flavor, consistency, and overall acceptability. Among all the treatments, TR32 and TR44 were rejected during storage, while TR47was found most effective, followed by TR45, and showed better storage stability than other samples.
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Fislage, Marcus, Martine Roovers, Irina Tuszynska, Janusz M. Bujnicki, Louis Droogmans, and Wim Versées. "Crystal structures of the tRNA:m 2 G6 methyltransferase Trm14/TrmN from two domains of life." Nucleic Acids Research 40, no. 11 (February 22, 2012): 5149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gks163.

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Müller, Martin, Anke Samel-Pommerencke, Carine Legrand, Francesca Tuorto, Frank Lyko, and Ann E. Ehrenhofer-Murray. "Division of labour: tRNA methylation by the NSun2 tRNA methyltransferases Trm4a and Trm4b in fission yeast." RNA Biology 16, no. 3 (February 1, 2019): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15476286.2019.1568819.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "TRM4"

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Schaefer, Estelle. "Contrôle spatial de la division cellulaire chez les plantes : rôle des protéines TRM6-TRM7-TRM8 d’Arabidopsis thaliana dans la formation de l’anneau de préprophase." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112042/document.

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Les cellules végétales sont entourées d’une paroi pecto-cellulosique rigide, soudant les cellules les unes aux autres et empêchant toute migration. Lors de la mitose, le positionnement du plan de division est donc un processus fondamental dans l’organisation des tissus puisque les cellules nouvellement formées restent à leur position initiale après la cytokinèse. Chez les plantes terrestres, le plan de division est déterminé lors de la transition G2/M du cycle cellulaire par l’anneau de préprophase (PPB), une structure transitoire corticale de microtubules. Les mécanismes mis en jeu pour la formation de la PPB sont encore inconnus. L’équipe dans laquelle j’ai effectué ma thèse a identifié un complexe régulateur, le complexe TTP, composé de TON1, de la famille de protéines TON1-Recruiting-Motif (TRMs) et d’une phosphatase de type 2A où FASS est la sous-unité régulatrice. TON1 et FASS sont impliquées dans l’organisation des microtubules corticaux en interphase, et sont indispensables à la formation de la PPB. La famille des protéines TRMs, identifiée récemment, est composée de 34 membres, dont certains sont capables de se lier aux microtubules et de recruter TON1 et FASS au cytosquelette. Les profils d’expression des TRMs et les analyses génétiques préliminaires suggèrent que certaines auraient un rôle en interphase, alors que d’autres pourraient être impliquées dans la formation de la PPB. Mon projet était d’identifier et de caractériser, si elles existent, les TRMs impliquées spécifiquement dans la formation de la PPB. L’analyse des données de transcriptome a révélé qu’un des gènes de la famille TRM, le gène TRM7, présente un pic d’expression en mitose. Nous avons d'abord montré que TRM7 est spécifiquement exprimée dans les tissus en division. L’utilisation d’une fusion génomique TRM7-3xYpet indique d'autre part que la protéine TRM7 n’est exprimée qu’au stade G2/M. Elle est localisée à la PPB et disparaît en début de métaphase, peu après dépolymérisation de la PPB. TRM7 est ainsi le seul marqueur spécifique de la PPB identifié à ce jour chez les plantes, puisque toutes les autres protéines localisées à la PPB marquent également les autres structures mitotiques ou le cytosquelette d’interphase. TRM7 fait partie d’un sous-groupe de trois TRM partageant environ 74% de similarité de séquence. L’analyse phénotypique du mutant trm7, ainsi que celui du triple mutant trm6 trm7 trm8 a montré que ce sous-groupe de protéines joue un rôle majeur dans la formation de la PPB. Près de la moitié des cellules du mutant trm7 présentent un stade préprophase aberrant alors que 100% des cellules du triple mutant au stade G2/M sont affectées, la très grande majorité se divisant sans former de PPB. Étonnamment, la morphologie de ces mutants est peu perturbée et le phénotype n’est en rien comparable au syndrome développemental sévère des mutants ton1 ou fass dépourvus de PPB. De plus, les plans de division ne sont pas aléatoires comme c’est le cas pour les mutants ton1 et fass. Nos résultats permettent donc d'apporter une nouvelle lumière sur le rôle de la PPB dans la détermination du plan de division. Pour la première fois, grâce au triple mutant trm6 trm7 trm8, nous avons réussi à découpler les fonctions interphasiques de la fonction mitotique du complexe TTP, ce qui était jusqu’alors impossible chez les mutants ton1 ou fass où les défauts en interphase et les défauts dus à l’absence de PPB étaient indissociables. Tous les composants du complexe TTP partageant des similarités avec des protéines centrosomales animales faisant partie du même complexe, nous avons exploré dans un projet annexe, la conservation des interactions au sein du complexe animal. Nous avons pu mettre en évidence, grâce au système double-hybride chez la levure, des interactions entre protéines animales et protéines végétales
Plant cells are embedded within a semi-rigid pecto-cellulosic cell wall that prevents cell migration. As a consequence, three-dimensional cellular organization of tissues mostly results from polarized cell division, since new cells remain in place after mitosis with no possibility for subsequent relocation. In land plants, the division plane is determined pre-mitotically, during the G2 to M phase transition by the preprophase band (PPB), a transient, premitotic microtubule array. The molecular pathways leading to preprophase band formation are still largely unknown. Our team has identified a regulatory complex, the TTP complex, composed of TON1, TRM and a Protein Phosphatase 2A complex with FASS as the regulatory subunit. Both TON1 and FASS have been shown to be involved in cortical microtubules organization during both interphase and PPB formation. The TRM super family is a newly identified protein family composed of 34 members, some of which are microtubule-associated proteins able to recruit TON1 and FASS to the microtubules. Based on TRM expression profiles and preliminary genetic analysis, we hypothesized that some TRMs could have a role in interphase, while others could be involved in PPB formation. My project was to identify and characterize TRMs specifically involved in PPB formation, if any. Transcriptomic analysis using the Genevestigator tool revealed that one TRM gene, TRM7, has a peak of expression at mitosis. TRM7 promoter GUS fusion analysis confirmed that TRM7 is expressed in all dividing tissues and in situ hybridizations of shoot apical meristems revealed a patchy pattern of expression, typical of cell cycle-regulated genes. Remarkably, the genomic TRM7-3xYFP fusion is only expressed at the G2/M transition where it localizes to the PPB, persists beyond PPB degradation until the beginning of metaphase and then disappears. To our knowledge, this makes TRM7 the only PPB-specific marker identified in plants so far, since all other PPB-associated markers label others structures as well, both interphasic or mitotic. TRM7 is part of the TRM6-7-8 sub-family, which share 74% of similarity. Phenotypic analysis of the trm7 and trm6 trm7 trm8 triple mutant revealed a major role of this sub-group in PPB formation. Almost half trm7 cells and all trm6 trm7 trm8 cells displayed an abnormal preprophase stage, the vast majority of the triple mutant cells dividing without PPB. Surprisingly, the triple mutant phenotype is rather mild compare to the severe developmental syndrome of PPB-lacking ton1 or fass plants. Moreover, although often shifted, division plane positioning is far from being fully randomized as in ton1 and fass mutants. Our results show that, for the first time, we have fully uncoupled the mitotic function of the TTP complex from its interphasic function, contrarily to other TTP mutants analyzed so far, where division and interphase defects are indistinguishable. Moreover, these findings question the central role of the PPB in division plane positioning. All TTP components share similarities with animal proteins assembled within a complex at the centrosome. In a side project, we studied the conservation of protein interactions within the animal complex and were able to find cross-interactions between animal and plant proteins in yeast two-hybrid experiments
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(UPC), Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas. "Taller de comunicación interpersonal - TR94 TR94." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/623650.

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El Taller de Comunicación Interpersonal es el segundo de los talleres de la competencia de Habilidades Interpersonales en la carrera de Traducción e Interpretación Profesional. Desarrolla de manera amplia y dinámica el conocimiento y la reflexión personal sobre el proceso de comunicación y los diferentes aspectos que se deben tener en cuenta para lograr la transmisión efectiva de un mensaje así como el logro de un propósito específico. La comunicación efectiva es una herramienta crucial en el desarrollo de todo profesional y, más aún, de los traductores e intérpretes. El Taller de Comunicación Interpersonal es un espacio de exploración y reconocimiento de las capacidades comunicacionales como traductor-intérprete, en el que el alumno identifica sus fortalezas y debilidades en el área comunicativa, y aplica herramientas y estrategias para desarrollarlas y reforzarlas. Este taller tiene como requisito el Taller de Liderazgo Personal y contribuye con el desarrollo del nivel 2 de la competencia general de Comunicación Oral, y el nivel 1 de la competencia Pensamiento Innovador.
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(UPC), Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, and Trierweiller Ana Claudia Rocker. "Portugués ti2 - TR84 201801." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/623624.

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El curso Portugués TI2 es el segundo contacto del estudiante del programa de Traducción e Interpretación con la segunda lengua electiva que desarrolla las habilidades comunicativas y lingüísticas del estudiante a través de temas cotidianos, de baja complejidad, acorde con el conocimiento del usuario de la lengua meta en este nivel. Representa el segundo nivel para la adquisición del idioma portugués que le permitirá, a futuro, ser un mediador lingüístico y cultural efectivo para abordar problemáticas, crear acuerdos e implementar soluciones de manera inmediata en dicho idioma. La temática del curso gira en torno de asuntos relacionados a la vida cotidiana, los cuales son abordados a través de un lenguaje básico y en un nivel incipiente de conocimiento del idioma. El curso Portugués TI2 ha sido diseñado para que el estudiante desarrolle las cuatro habilidades requeridas en este idioma: comprensión oral, comprensión de lectura, expresión oral y producción de textos, en el nivel A2 según el Marco Común Europeo de Referencia para las Lenguas. Al trabajar con las competencias generales UPC de Comunicación Oral, Comunicación Escrita, a un nivel 1 y con las competencias específicas de Segundas Lenguas de la carrera, a un nivel 1, brinda al futuro traductor-intérprete una herramienta de continuidad en la adquisición del idioma portugués para desarrollarse en su campo profesional con eficiencia. El curso Portugués TI 2 tiene como prerrequisito el curso Portugués TI 1.
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(UPC), Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Morris Carlos Gerardo Delgado, Salazar Elena Olga Romero, Chumbez Maria Del Rosario Salcedo, and Diez Luis Ramón Sandoval. "Taller de comunicación interpersonal - TR94 201801." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/623651.

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El Taller de Comunicación Interpersonal es el segundo de los talleres de la competencia de Habilidades Interpersonales en la carrera de Traducción e Interpretación Profesional. Desarrolla de manera amplia y dinámica el conocimiento y la reflexión personal sobre el proceso de comunicación y los diferentes aspectos que se deben tener en cuenta para lograr la transmisión efectiva de un mensaje así como el logro de un propósito específico. La comunicación efectiva es una herramienta crucial en el desarrollo de todo profesional y, más aún, de los traductores e intérpretes. El Taller de Comunicación Interpersonal es un espacio de exploración y reconocimiento de las capacidades comunicacionales como traductor-intérprete, en el que el alumno identifica sus fortalezas y debilidades en el área comunicativa, y aplica herramientas y estrategias para desarrollarlas y reforzarlas. Este taller tiene como requisito el Taller de Liderazgo Personal y contribuye con el desarrollo del nivel 2 de la competencia general de Comunicación Oral, y el nivel 1 de la competencia Pensamiento Innovador.
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Pleshe, Elizabeth Lei. "Investigation of ligand binding Aquifex aeolicus TrmH." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/colorado/fullcit?p1427768.

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Hamidi, Zohal. "Characterization and Crystallization of the Mycobacterium Tuberculosis trmD." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2219.

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One third of the world’s population is affected by Tuberculosis (TB), a disease caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MtB). The emergence of multidrug-resistant MtB makes this disease a major public health concern. New agents are needed to treat TB infections in a manner that circumvents existing pathways of resistance. One strategy is to target the organism at the translational level by inhibiting vital modifications of RNA. One gene responsible for these modifications is the tRNA (guanosine-1)-methyltransferase, trmD, which has been shown to be essential in several bacteria. The eukaryotic and bacterial m1G methyltransferases are structurally dissimilar, making this enzyme an ideal target for selective anti-TB agents. One strategy for TrmD inhibitor design is to target the catalytic center of the enzyme. Existing inhibitors such as Sinefungin exhibit poor selectivity due to the substrate’s role, SAM, as a universal methyl donor in many biological processes. Structure/activity relationships for inhibitory compounds are sparse, impeding the design of novel antimicrobials. Crystallographic data would identify molecular features unique to TrmD, and allow design of agents complimentary to the TrmD active site with minimal differential toxicity. Presently, no crystal structure for Mycobacterium tuberculosis TrmD exists. As a first step in this direction, the MtB gene has been cloned and expressed by using a His-tagged T7 expression vector. The recombinant protein was characterized through kinetic and preliminary inhibitor assays. The native enzyme displays a mass of 50 kDa, proving this enzyme is a dimer of two identical subunits. This is similar to data found on other TrmD orthologs. Crystallization of MtB TrmD has been achieved and preliminary x-ray diffraction studies conducted.
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Barbet, Gaëtan. "Rôle du canal ionique TRPM4 dans les cellules dendritiques." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077114.

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Les cellules dendritiques (DC) sont des cellules centrales du système immunitaire. Elles activent les lymphocytes et permettent l'orientation de la réponse immune adaptative. Pour cela, les DC doivent maturer et migrer vers les organes lymphoïdes secondaires, lieus de la mise en place d'une réponse lymphocytaire spécifique de l'agent infectieux. Le calcium est un second messager ubiquitaire régulant de nombreuses fonctions cellulaires dont la migration. Cependant, le rôle du calcium dans la biologie des cellules dendritiques a été relativement peu étudié. Nous montrons que le canal ionique TRPM4 est un acteur majeur de la régulation de l'homéostasie du calcium des DC après activation. En effet, l'absence de TRPM4 dans les DC induit une surcharge calcique après activation bactérienne ce qui affecte fortement la migration des DC sans affecter leur maturation. Nous avons observé qu'une surcharge calcique entraînait une diminution de l'expression de la PLC-p2 ce qui est corrélé à une absence de réponse lors d'une seconde stimulation calcique. Ainsi, ces travaux nous ont permis de montrer que TRPM4 est essentiel à la régulation de la migration et non de la maturation des DC renforçant l'idée selon laquelle ces deux entités biologiques sont régulées différemment. Un substrat artificiel des serines protéine-kinases F a-caséine et une protéine cytoplasmique de poids moléculaire de 65 kDa et de pH isoélectrique de 6,8
Dendritic cells (DC) are central cells in immune System. DCs lead to lymphocyte activation and control adaptative immune response. To do so, DCs have to maturate and migrate toward secondary lymphoid organs where they initiate pathogen-specific lymphocyte responses. Calcium is an ubiquitous second messenger controlling a variety of cellular functions such as migration. However, the role of calcium in dendritic cells biology is poorly understood. We show that the ionic channel TRPM4 has a crucial role in calcium homeostasis in DC during stimulation. The lack of TRPM4 in DC leads to calcium overload after bacterial stimulation and dramatically decrease their migratory capacities but without affecting their maturation. We observed that a calcium overload leads to a decrease of the PLC-p2 expression which is correlated with an absence of a subsequent signalling response. Thus, this work shows the key rôle of TRPM4 in the migration but not the maturation of DC, emphasizing that these two cellular events are regulated differently
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Uzzell, Jamar. "STRUCTURAL BASIS FOR THERMAL STABILITY OF THERMOPHILIC TRMD PROTEINS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2539.

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Thermal stability of theG37 tRNA methyltransferase proteins from Thermotoga maritima and Aquifex aeolicus have been compared using Differential Scanning Calorimetry. It was shown that the Thermotoga protein is remarkably stable and is denatured at temperatures in excess of 100 degrees Centigrade. The Aquifex aeolicus protein was less stable, denaturing broadly at temperatures between 55oC and 100oC. In contrast, the mesophilic E. coli protein was completely denatured at 55oC. Enzymatic activity of the proteins was measured at various temperatures. Both the Thermotoga and Aquifex enzymes are active at ambient temperatures, and display a significant decrease in activity when the temperature is raised above 50oC. This may relate to subtle changes in protein structure causing an effect on the tRNA based assay. Both enzymes contain inter subunit disulfide bonds which might contribute to thermal stability. Assays of the enzymes in the presence of high concentrations of Dithiothreitol (DTT) did not significantly reduce activity at higher temperatures, but did stimulate activity at lower temperatures. Site directed mutagenesis of non -conserved protein sequences within Thermotoga maritima were initiated in order to determine what structures might confer heat stability on the protein. Alanine mutagenesis of lysine residues 103,104 led to reduced catalytic activity, but did increased activity at higher temperatures. Aspartate is the most common residue at the relative position 166 in the variable loop of most TrmD genes. It has been shown that in E. coli this is essential for catalytic activity and possibly the residue which carries out N1 deprotonation on residue G37 in tRNA. In Thermotoga glutamate is present at this position. Alanine mutagenesis of this residue did not eliminate activity suggesting another nearby residue may function in this capacity in the Thermotoga TrmD protein.
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9

Furter, Rolf. "Das TRP4-Gen von Saccharomyces cerevisiae : Klonierung, Struktur und Regulation /." Zürich, 1986. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=7977.

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De, Marchi Carlo. "Probabilistic Estimation of Precipitation Combining Geostationary and TRMM Satellite Data." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14068.

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Environmental satellites represent an economic and easily accessible monitoring means for a plethora of environmental variables, the most important of which is arguably precipitation. While precipitation can also be measured by conventional rain gages and radar, in most world regions, satellites provide the only reliable and sustainable monitoring system. This thesis presents a methodology for estimating precipitation using information from the satellite-borne precipitation radar of the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM). The methodology combines the precise, but infrequent, TRMM data with the infrared (IR) and visible (VIS) images continuously produced by geostationary satellites to provide precipitation estimates at a variety of temporal and spatial scales. The method is based on detecting IR patterns associated with convective storms and characterizing their evolution phases. Precipitation rates are then estimated for each phase based on IR, VIS, and terrain information. This approach improves the integration of TRMM precipitation rates and IR/VIS data by differentiating major storms from smaller events and noise, and by separating the distinct precipitation regimes associated with each storm phase. Further, the methodology explicitly quantifies the uncertainty of the precipitation estimates by computing their full probability distributions instead of just single optimal values. Temporal and spatial autocorrelation of precipitation are fully accounted for by using spatially optimal estimator methods (kriging), allowing to correctly assess precipitation uncertainty over different spatial and temporal scales. This approach is tested in the Lake Victoria basin over the period 1996-1998 against precipitation data from more than one hundred rain gages representing a variety of precipitation regimes. The precipitation estimates were shown to exhibit much lower bias and better correlation with ground data than commonly used methods. Furthermore, the approach reliably reproduced the variability of precipitation over a range of temporal and spatial scales.
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Books on the topic "TRM4"

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Helmold, Marc. Total Revenue Management (TRM). Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46985-6.

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2

Michael, Richards. Triumph TR4, 5, 6. Sparkford, Nr Yeovil, Somerset, England: Haynes Pub. Group, 1990.

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Visentini, Flávio Fagundes, Analice Marques Bolzan, and Patrícia Picon. TRF4 25 anos de inovação: 1989-2014. Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil]: TRF4, 2014.

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Tao, Wei-Kuo, and Robert Adler, eds. Cloud Systems, Hurricanes, and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-878220-63-9.

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Piggott, Bill. Triumph TR2 TR3 TR4 TR5 TR6 TR7 TR8. Minneapolis, Minn: MBI Pub., 2009.

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Ferrara, Giuseppe. Flax-TRM Composite Systems for Strengthening of Masonry. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70273-1.

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Gobezie, Abeba. ARPT nutrition studies in Mabumba (TRD4) and Mukunta (TRD7), 1983-84. [Mansa, Zambia: s.n., 1988.

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Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission. Science Steering Group. Report of the Science Steering Group for a Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Greenbelt, Md: Goddard Space Flight Center, 1988.

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Jankowicz-Cieslak, Joanna, and Ivan L. Ingelbrecht, eds. Efficient Screening Techniques to Identify Mutants with TR4 Resistance in Banana. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-64915-2.

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Končnik-Goršič, Nataša. Moj otrok odrašča: Medsebojni odnosi, šola, strah, trma, žepnina, ljubezen, spolnost, alkohol, droge, motnje hranjenja. Ljubljana: Mladinska knj., 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "TRM4"

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Guinamard, Romain, Christophe Simard, and Laurent Sallé. "TRPM4." In Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules, 5741–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67199-4_101882.

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Mathar, Ilka, Griet Jacobs, Miklos Kecskes, Aurelie Menigoz, Koenraad Philippaert, and Rudi Vennekens. "TRPM4." In Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, 461–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54215-2_18.

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Guinamard, Romain, Christophe Simard, and Laurent Sallé. "TRPM4." In Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules, 1–8. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6438-9_101882-1.

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North, Gerald R. "GATE and TRMM." In Cloud Systems, Hurricanes, and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), 201–6. Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-878220-63-9_18.

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Helmold, Marc. "TRM for." In Management for Professionals, 83–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46985-6_8.

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Wilheit, Thomas. "The TRMM Measurement Concept." In Cloud Systems, Hurricanes, and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), 197–200. Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-878220-63-9_17.

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Abdelmoneim, Hadir, Mohamed R. Soliman, and Hossam M. Moghazy. "Hydrologic Assessment of the Uncertainty of Six Remote Sensing Precipitation Estimates Driven by a Distributed Hydrologic Model in the Blue Nile Basin." In Natural Disaster Science and Mitigation Engineering: DPRI reports, 225–49. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2904-4_8.

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AbstractBecause of the sparseness of the ground monitoring network, precipitation estimations based on satellite products (PESPs) are currently requisite tools for hydrological simulation research and applications. The evaluation of six global high-resolution PESPs (TRMM 3B42V7, GPGP-1DD, TRMM 3B42RT, CMORPH-V1.0, PERSIANN, and PERSIANN-CDR) is the ultimate purpose of this research. Additionally, the distributed Hydrological River Basin Environmental Assessment Model (Hydro-BEAM) is used to investigate their potential effects in streamflow predictions over the Blue Nile basin (BNB) during the period 2001 to 2007. The correctness of the studied PESPs is assessed by applying categorical criteria to appraise their performances in estimating and reproducing precipitation amounts, while statistical indicators are utilized to determine their rain detection capabilities. Our findings reveal that TRMM 3B42V7 outperforms the remaining product in both the estimation of precipitation and the hydrological simulation, as reflected in highest NSE and R2 values ranges from 0.85 to 0.94. Generally, the TRMM 3B42V7 precipitation product exhibits tremendous potential as a substitute for precipitation estimates in the BNB, which will provide powerful forcing input data for distributed hydrological models. Overall, this study will hopefully provide a better comprehension of the usefulness and uncertainties of various PESPs in streamflow simulations, particularly in this region.
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Noordin, Norazlina, Affrida Abu Hassan, Anis Nadia Mohd Faisol Mahadevan, Zaiton Ahmad, and Sakinah Ariffin. "Lab-Based Screening Using Hydroponic System for the Rapid Detection of Fusarium Wilt TR4 Tolerance/Resistance of Banana." In Efficient Screening Techniques to Identify Mutants with TR4 Resistance in Banana, 79–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-64915-2_6.

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AbstractField-based screening and evaluation of banana plant tolerance or resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) Tropical Race 4 (TR4) or also known as Fusarium wilt TR4 is ideal though not always feasible. Alternatively, screening of banana plantlets at lab-stage seems to be an effective method for early detection of Foc TR4 tolerance. We present a simple hydroponic system, that allows plant to grow in a water-based condition. The system has two layers, the upper layer is a tray that has holes for plantlets to be placed where the root system is supported using an inert medium such as rock-wool. The lower layer is a perforated container filled with a water-based nutrient solution. For this lab-based screening, ex vitro gamma irradiated banana cv. Berangan (AAA) rooted plantlets with a pseudostem height of 10–15 cm were inoculated by soaking in a Foc TR4 conidial suspension (106 spores/ml) for 2 h under room temperature. The Foc TR4 inoculated rooted plantlets were screened using the hydroponic system and disease symptoms were scored. In this chapter, protocols on acclimatization of ex vitro irradiated rooted plantlets, inoculation with a Foc TR4 conidial suspension, lab- screening using hydroponic system, observation for early detection of disease symptoms and scoring of disease severity are presented.
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Haberland, Hartmut, and Janus Mortensen. "Transience." In Handbook of Pragmatics, 225–36. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hop.22.tra4.

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Kelly, Dorothy. "Translation didactics." In Handbook of Translation Studies, 389–96. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hts.1.tra4.

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Conference papers on the topic "TRM4"

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Pérez, José, Dov Steiner, and Stefan Keßler. "Imager performance assessment with TRM4 version 3: an overview." In Electro-optical and Infrared Systems: Technology and Applications XVIII and Electro-Optical Remote Sensing XV, edited by Duncan L. Hickman, Helge Bürsing, Gary W. Kamerman, and Ove Steinvall. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2597723.

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Keßler, Stefan, Raanan Gal, and Wolfgang Wittenstein. "TRM4: Range performance model for electro-optical imaging systems." In SPIE Defense + Security, edited by Gerald C. Holst and Keith A. Krapels. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2262543.

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Kessler, Stefan, José Pérez, and Dov Steiner. "An intensified camera module for the range performance model TRM4." In Infrared Imaging Systems: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXX, edited by Keith A. Krapels and Gerald C. Holst. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2518317.

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Teaney, Brian P., Joseph P. Reynolds, Todd W. Du Bosq, and Endre Repasi. "A TRM4 component for the Night Vision Integrated Performance Model (NV-IPM)." In SPIE Defense + Security, edited by Gerald C. Holst and Keith A. Krapels. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2180002.

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Abbas, Husain, Tarek Almusallam, Yousef Al-Salloum, Nadeem Siddiqui, and Aref Abadel. "TRM Versus FRP as Strengthening Material for Improving Impact Resistance of RC Slabs." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54737.

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This study experimentally investigates the effectiveness of textile reinforced mortar (TRM) in controlling the local damage in reinforced concrete (RC) slabs subjected to impact loads. The results are then compared with that of conventional FRP strengthening of RC slabs. The impact tests were conducted using the strike of hemispherical nosed steel projectile on TRM- and FRP-strengthened RC slabs. The unstrengthened specimens considered as control were 600 mm square, 90 mm thick RC slabs. The slabs were reinforced with 8 mm diameter steel rebars at 100 mm c/c spacing both-ways. The slabs were strengthened by externally bonding single layer of Carbon FRP (CFRP) and two layers of TRM on the rear face of the slabs. In TRM strengthening, the textile contained equal quantity of high strength carbon fiber roved in two orthogonal directions. They were simply placed on the top of each other and bonded on a secondary polypropylene line. A commercial polymer modified cement mix was used as mortar in TRM strengthening. The velocity of 40 mm diameter steel projectile was varied within sub-ordinance range and the projectile was made to strike normal to the slab using a gas gun. Based on the experimental testing conducted in this study, it was observed that CFRP and TRM strengthening of RC slabs are effective in reducing the local damage in RC slabs from front and rear faces for the same impact velocity. Both TRM and CFRP strengthening cause increase in the ballistic limit velocity and the perforation energy of RC slabs. Moreover, the CFRP sheet and TRM layer considerably reduce the generation of secondary projectiles which are in the form of flying debris in un-strengthened RC slabs. Overall, among the two strengthening methods studied, the TRM strengthening of RC slabs is found to be either equally good or better than the CFRP strengthening in resisting impact loads.
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Wittenstein, Wolfgang, and Raanan Gal. "TRM3 progress report." In International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, edited by Bjorn F. Andresen, Gabor F. Fulop, and Marija Strojnik. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.409868.

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Wittenstein, Wolfgang. "Thermal range model TRM3." In SPIE's International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation, edited by Bjorn F. Andresen and Marija Strojnik. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.328038.

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Harshath, K., P. S. Manoharan, and M. Varatharajan. "Model predictive control of TRMS." In 2016 Biennial International Conference on Power and Energy Systems: Towards Sustainable Energy (PESTSE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pestse.2016.7516455.

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Smith, George L., Bruce R. Barkstrom, Robert B. Lee III, Bruce A. Wielicki, Richard N. Green, Thomas P. Charlock, Patrick Minnis, Bryan A. Baum, David F. Young, and Kory J. Priestley. "CERES/TRMM mission: early results." In Remote Sensing, edited by Jaqueline E. Russell. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.332703.

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Perera, Helani, Miyuru Gunathilake, and Upaka Rathnayake. "Satellite Rainfall Products for analysis of Rainfall trends for Mahaweli River Basin." In The SLIIT International Conference on Engineering and Technology 2022. Faculty of Engineering, SLIIT, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54389/zzug8067.

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The presence of accurate and spatiotemporal data is of utmost importance in hydrological studies for river basins. However, limited ground-measured rainfall data restrict the accuracy of these analyses. Data scarcities can often be seen not only in many developing countries but also in the developed world. Therefore, much attention is given to alternative techniques to accomplish the data requirement. Precipitation data extraction from satellite precipitation products is one of the frequently used techniques in the absence of ground-measured rainfall data. The Mahaweli River Basin (MRB) is the largest river basin in Sri Lanka and it covers 1/6th of the total land area of the country. Mahaweli River is the heart of the country and the water of it is being used for many activities, including hydropower development, water supply, irrigation, etc. Therefore, analyzing rainfall trends of MRB is interesting and worthwhile for many stakeholders of the river basin. Therefore, this research investigates the suitability of Satellite Rainfall Products (SRP’s) as an alternative for Rain Gauge measured data in the MRB by performing trend analysis between the two datasets. Six precipitation products, namely PERSIANN, PERSIANNCCS, PERSIANN-CDR, GPM IMERG V06, TRMM-3B42 V7, TRMM-3B42RT V7 were extracted for 10-35 years for 14 locations of the MRB spatially distributed in the three climatic zones of the catchment. Non-parametric tests, including the Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator tests, were used to detect the possible rainfall trends in precipitation products. Significant increasing trends were observed for both ground-measured and SRP’s in the annual scale while mixed results were observed in monthly and seasonal scales. The trends from ground-measured rainfall and SRP’s were compared and the suitability of SRP’s as an alternative technique was stated. KEYWORDS: ground-measured rainfall data, Mahaweli River Basin, rainfall trends, satellite precipitation products, PERSIANN, IMERG, TRMM
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Reports on the topic "TRM4"

1

Paulraj, Arogyaswami J. Multiple Antenna Communication With Time Reversal Mirror (MIMO-TRM) Pre-Processing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada426625.

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Rincón-Torres, Andrey Duván, Kimberly Rojas-Silva, and Juan Manuel Julio-Román. The Interdependence of FX and Treasury Bonds Markets: The Case of Colombia. Banco de la República, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1171.

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We study the interdependence of FX and Treasury Bonds (TES) markets in Colombia. To do this, we estimate a heteroskedasticity identified VAR model on the returns of the COP/USD exchange rate (TRM) and bond prices, as well as event-analysis models for return volatilities, number of quotes, quote volume, and bid/ask spreads. The data under analysis consists of 5-minute intraday bid/ask US dollar prices and bond quotes, for an assortment of bond species. For these species we also have the number of bid/ask quotes as well as their volume. We found, also, that the exchange rate conveys information to the TES market, but the opposite does not completely hold: A one percent COP depreciation leads to a persistent reduction of TES prices between 0.05% and 0.22%. However, a 1% TES price increase has a very small effect and not entirely significant on the exchange rate, i.e. a COP appreciation between 0.001% and 0.009%. Furthermore, TRM return volatility increases do not affect bond return volatility but its liquidity, i.e. the bid/ask quote number and volume. These results are coherent with the fact that the FX market more efficiently reflects the effect of shocks than the TES market, which may be due to its low liquidity and concentration on a specific habitat. These results have implications for the design of financial stability policies as well as for private portfolio design, rebalancing and hedging.
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