Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Triticum aestivum'
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Uddin, Md Nizam. "Heterosis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1991. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26310.
Full textCollin, François. "The tolerance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to Septori tritici blotch." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/49156/.
Full textZainuddin. "Genetic transformation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Title page, Contents and Abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09APSP/09apspz21.pdf.
Full textLewis, Rebecca Sian. "Charcterising mismatch repair in wheat (triticum aestivum)." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.681489.
Full textMcNulty, Melissa S. "Preliminary characterization of wheat, Triticum aestivum , embryo globulins." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27392.
Full textJerkovic, Ante. "Proteomics of wheat bran (Triticum aestivum var. Babbler)." Australia : Macquarie University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/43954.
Full textBibliography: leaves 153-158.
Wheat is a major crop in Australia with around 25 million tonnes of grain harvested in an average year. Improved wheat grain cultivars and wheat grain milling can result in higher biological yields and flour quality. The introduction covers the general aspects of the wheat grain from bran development and structure through to millings and the importance of flour quality in flour-based products. It also highlights the problem with bran contamination in flour during milling and other factors that may have an effect on flour quality. Proteomics was used to identify proteins in three separate bran tissue fractions: the inner fraction (aleurone), intermediate fraction (nucellar tissue, testa, tube cells and cross cells) and the outer faction (hypodermis and epidermis). The aim of the project was to identify proteins in bran tissue fractions which may potentially be useful in improvements in wheat quality for farmers and consumers and flour yield for millers. The results show that more than 80% of the identified proteins in the outer and intermediate tissue factions are defence-and stress-related proteins (chitinase, xylanase, thaumatin-like protein, wheatwin 1, lipid-transfer protein, oxalatae oxidase (OXO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POX)). Almost 60% of the proteins identified in the inner tissue fraction are 7S Globulin storage proteins and around 15% are protein synthesis-and energy-related. Water-soluble proteins were also identified and it was found that endochitinase, OXO, PPO and POX all leach out from the grain durings imbibition. This study has added to the knowledge of bran tissue-specific proteins and has broad implications for improving crop yield and flour quality.
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Liu, Chunji. "Biochemical marker genes in hexaploid wheat, Triticum aestivum." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386183.
Full textBarbieri, Marciele. "Histopatologia da interação Triticum aestivum x Magnaporthe oryzae." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/184754.
Full textWheat is the second most produced cereal in the world, with significant importance in the global agricultural economy. In Brazil, wheat is grown in the South, Southeast and Midwest. The production receives systematic strengthening of government agencies, since weather conditions are unfavorable to the crop. Blast, known for damage to rice crops, also called bleaching of ears, consists of a major fungal disease found in wheat in Brazil. The objective of this work is to investigate the interaction between Triticum aestivum and the pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae at histopathological level. The four wheat cultivars Anahuac, BR18, BRS229 and Ônix were investigated. Wheat plants were inoculated on their sixth leaves with the isolate Py 145, from rice, with a spore concentration adjusted to 1 x 105 spores per ml. After inoculation the plants were placed in a wet, dark chamber for 24 hours. Samples of leaf segments of 2.5 cm each were cut and fixed and prepared for light and fluorescence microscopy examination. The parameters evaluated were germination of spores, appressoria formation, penetration, colony formation, cell death and papillae formation. Statistical analysis used Fisher's exact test with Bonferroni corrections. The germination of spores in cultivars remained constant from 12 hai. All cultivars produced melanized appressoria. 48 hai there was a greater invasion of infective hyphae of different host cells, especially a high percentage of colonies formation in the susceptible cultivar Anahuac, with 71%. BR18 showed increased cell death in all times measured. Ônix was the only variety to develop papillae as resistance structures at 72 hai. The results of this work suggest the existence of resistance amongst wheat varieties and that their mechanisms are different from each other.
Ihorai, Tania. "Etude de gènes codant des protéines du sustème thiorédoxine NADP-dépendant chez le blé." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20120.
Full textLe, Guerroue Jean-Louis. "Caractérisation de farines de blé tendre turboséparées : Comparaison du comportement de leurs protéines dans la pâte, à celui des protéines du gluten et de farines de force." Nantes, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NANT2028.
Full textFeiz, Leila. "Functional analysis of puroindoline genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum)." Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/feiz/FeizL1208.pdf.
Full textThomas, Stephen W. "Molecular studies of homologous chromosome pairing in Triticum aestivum /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pht462.pdf.
Full textCraufurd, P. Q. "Plant development and yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Thesis, University of Reading, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.352335.
Full textJenkinson, Peter. "Epidemiology of Fusarium in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Thesis, Open University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386201.
Full textHall, Sharon Anita. "Defence related lignin deposition in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284581.
Full textHeyns, I. C. "Mapping of chromosome arm 7DL of Triticum aestivum L." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1584.
Full textThe Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), is a serious insect pest of wheat and barley. It affects the quality and yield of grain by sucking plant sap from the newest growth whilst toxic substances are injected that destroy plant tissue. The Russian wheat aphid also acts as a vector of plant viruses. The cultivation of aphid resistant cultivars is the preferred control strategy and nine resistance genes, designated Dn1 to Dn9, have been identified. Another undesignated gene, Dnx, was found in the wheat accession PI220127. Mapping of the resistance genes relative to known markers will improve their use in breeding programs. The dominant RWA resistance gene, Dn5, was identified in the accession PI294994 and mapped to chromosome arm 7DL. However, recent reports have placed Dn5 on ...
Jelena, Tomić. "Karakterizacija albumina i biohemijski aspekti kvaliteta pšenice (Triticum aestivum)." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnološki fakultet Novi Sad, 2016. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=97038&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textIn this dissertation, the influence of variety and microclimatic conditions that prevailed during the two production years on the content and structure of wheat albumins were investigated; characterization of albumins was performed by Lab-on-a-Chip capillary electrophoresis; the proteolytic and α- amylolytic activity, as well as the content of free sulfhydryl and free amino groups were also determined; the rheological properties of dough were estimated using conventional methods for the assessment of flour technological quality and characterization of the final product- bread was performed. One part of the research covered the period of postharvest wheat and flour maturation. Heat stress was characteristic of both production years; however, in 2012, maximum temperatures exceeded 35 °C and the number of days with maximum temperatures above 30 °C was markedly higher than in the 2011 production year. These conditions have caused the changes in the composition and quality of protein and starch in wheat kernels. The albumin content of wheat flour samples from 2012 was significantly lower compared to 2011 production year. Results of proteolytic and amilolytic activities of wheat flour samples from two production years, showed that the values of these indicators were significantly lower for 2012 in relation to the 2011 production year, and that the enzyme activity is primarily varietal characteristic. The content of free sulfhydryl groups of wheat flour samples from the 2012 production year was significantly higher while the content of disulfide bonds was lower than in 2011. The content of free amino groups differed between samples from two production years. Differences in the amount of free amino content were evident between the varieties and between different treatments of gluten incubation. Significant differences between the values of the free amino groups measured after gluten incubation at 37 °C, indicate a different proteolytic activity of tested wheat flour samples. In comparison with the samples from the 2011 production year, samples from 2012 had significantly lower values of specific bread volume. The addition of double amount of its own albumins to the selected samples indicated that the flour samples from 2011 had a deficit of amylolytic enzymes and samples from 2012 had a deficit of proteolytic enzymes for achieving optimal technological quality.
Shenouda, Samar. "β-amylase genes in common/bread wheat (Triticum aestivum)." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/23713.
Full textElangovan, M. "Molecular dissection of breadmaking quality in wheat (triticum aestivum)." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2007. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/2606.
Full textCapron, Delphine. "Analyse transcriptomique du développement du grain de blé (Triticum aestivum) : implication des E3 ligases et des gènes relatifs aux hormones." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF22199.
Full textWheat grain is an important source of food, feed, and industrial raw materials, but current production levels cannot meet world needs. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying wheat grain development will contribute valuable information to improving wheat cultivation. One of the most important mechanisms implicated in plant developmental processes is the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS). Among several implications of the UPS, it has become clear that it plays an essential role in hormone signaling. In particular E3 ubiquitin ligases, from the UPS, have been demonstrated to play critical roles in hormone perception and signal transduction. During these work, wheat cv. Recital were grown in optimum growth conditions. By comparing eleven consecutive time-points from 40°CJ (2 days after anthesis) to 500°CJ (around 25 days after anthesis), 9284 differentially expressed genes were identified during this study. A comparison of these genes in terms of time revealed dynamic transcript accumulation profiles with major re-programming events that occurred during the time intervals of 80-120°Cdays and 220-240°Cdays. The gene expression comparison allows observing genes potentially involved in cell division or grain filling stage. An emphasis was made on the E3 ligases and hormone-related genes (Abscisic acid, Auxin, Brassinosteroid, Cytokinine, Gibberellic acid, Ethylene and Jasmonic acid). 173 E3 ligase coding genes and 126 hormone–related genes were found to be differentially expressed during the cell division and grain filling stages, with a different expression profile for each family. A model describing the timing of the involvement of these genes is proposed to provide a framework for the design of future experiments and for the identification of genes and pathways for further characterization. A majority of the E3 SCF (SKP1-Cullin-F-box), APC/C, Cul3-BTB and Ubox are found expressed in early wheat developmental stages (cell division stage). A majority of auxin, jasmonic acid and brassinostéroïde related genes were found to be up-regulated in early wheat developmental stages while ethylene and abscisic acid related genes were found to be activated during grain filling stage. The differential expression of genes involved in E3 ligase pathways and plant hormone signalling suggested that phytohormones and UPS crosstalk might play a critical role in the wheat grain developmental process. A meta-analysis of these genes led to the identification of 26 E3 ligase candidate genes and 12 hormones-related candidate genes that are preferentially expressed in the endosperm. The functional model that we proposed and the identification of candidate genes should help to better understand wheat grain development
Michard, Robin. "Identification des facteurs déterminant le ciblage de la recombinaison méiotique chez le blé tendre (Triticum aestivum L.)." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC023/document.
Full textUnderstanding the mechanisms governing meiotic recombination in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is essential since it is the main tool used by breeders for genetic admixing and obtaining new elite varieties with introgression of regions of interest from exotic genetic resources. To this end, the use in bread wheat of a new biotechnology targeting meiotic recombination developed in yeast by Meiogenix seems to be promising. This biotechnology, named SpiX, involves a DNA-binding domain fused to the SPO11 protein responsible for DNA double-strand breaks, initiating meiotic recombination or crossovers (CO). The development of a new conservation protocol for wheat immature embryos has improved the conditions for bread wheat transformation through biolistic, and thus for the application of SpiX technology. The exploitation of the wheat genome sequence made it possible to isolate the bread wheat genes for SPO11 proteins. A novel heterologous complementation of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants for SPO11s with the bread wheat orthologous freshly discovered shows their great conservation of sequence and function within plants and their potential functionality for SpiX biotechnology. Finally, the testing of different DNA-binding domains and different targets along bread wheat 3B chromosome shows that SpiX biotechnology requires adjustments depending on the species in which it has to function. These results are the opportunity to uncover the targeting of meiotic recombination in a widely cultivated crop species and to understand the mechanisms determining sites for double-strand breaks prior to meiotic recombination in wheat
Debiton, Clément. "Identification des critères du grain de blé (Triticum aestivum L.) favorables à la production de bioéthanol par l'étude d'un ensemble de cultivars et par l'analyse protéomique de lignées isogéniques waxy." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00625530.
Full textSalgado, Adliz Ayram de Bastos Budziak. "Efeito residual da aplicação de gesso na eficiência da adubação fosfatada para a sucessão trigo-soja em sistema plantio direto." Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, 2017. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/2562.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2018-07-05T17:43:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Adlliz Salgado.pdf: 1207262 bytes, checksum: 92b81817140d534259d580cdd9c338ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-12
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O P é o nutriente que mais limita a produtividade agrícola no Brasil, devido ao material de origem dos solos brasileiros, pela forte interação do P com o solo e pela sua precipitação com compostos de Fe, Al e Ca, por esse motivo os adubos fosfatados tem sido utilizado em maiores quantidades comprometendo as reservas mundiais que vem diminuindo. Com isso, há necessidade de se aprimorar a eficiência do uso de P na agricultura e o uso de gesso pode ser uma alternativa, devido à presença em sua composição de P e ao favorecimento do crescimento radicular. Sendo assim o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito residual da aplicação de gesso na eficiência da adubação fosfatada para a sucessão trigo-soja em sistema plantio direto. O experimento foi instalado em outubro de 2013, no município de Ponta Grossa, em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico, textura argilosa. O delineamento experimental empregado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em parcelas subdivididas, com três repetições. Nas parcelas (180 m2) foram aplicadas, no sulco de semeadura, nas safras de inverno e verão, quatro doses de P (0, 30, 60 e 90 kg P2O5 ha-1) na forma de superfosfato triplo (SFT) e, nas subparcelas (45 m2) foram empregadas quatro doses de gesso agrícola (0, 2, 4, 6 t ha-1), em outubro de 2013. A sucessão de culturas do experimento foi: trigo (2015) e soja (2015/2016), sendo avaliado o efeito residual de gesso agrícola após 33 meses de sua aplicação (outubro de 2013) e os efeitos das doses de P. As avaliações realizadas foram os atributos químicos do solo (pH, Al3+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, S-SO42- e P) nas camadas (0-10, 10-20, 20-40 e 40-60 cm de profundidade), e nas culturas do trigo (2015) e soja (2015/2016) foram avaliados: (diagnose foliar, extração, rendimento de grãos e o fator parcial de produtividade). O efeito residual de gesso agrícola na superfície e a adubação fosfatada no sulco de semeadura ocasionaram melhoria nos atributos químicos do solo, sendo que o incremento das doses de P ocasionaram aumento de P (0-20 cm), SO42- (20-40 cm), Ca2+ e K+ (40-60 cm) e diminuição de P (20-40 cm), SO42- (0-10 cm) e Mg2+ (40-60 cm). O efeito residual do gesso agrícola ocasionou aumento de Ca2+ (0-60 cm), P (0-20 cm), SO42- (10-60 cm) e K+ (40-60 cm), e diminuição de Al3+ (10-20 cm). Na cultura do trigo, o incremento das doses de P aumentaram o teor foliar de P, Ca e S e diminuiu a extração de Fe, já com o incremento de gesso ocorreu aumento do teor foliar de Ca e S e diminuição do teor de Mg, e aumento da extração de P, S e Cu. Na cultura da soja o incremento das doses de P e de gesso não ocasionaram diferenças estatísticas na diagnose da cultura, já para a extração da planta, houve aumento da extração de K, Fe, Mn e Zn com o incremento das doses de P, e aumento na extração de P, Ca, S e Fe com o incremento das doses de gesso. Para o rendimento de grãos o aumento das doses de P não foram eficientes para aumentar a produtividade das culturas de trigo e soja, já o incremento das doses de gesso foi eficiente somente para a cultura do trigo aumentando em 21,8% o rendimento de grãos. O incremento nas doses de P aplicadas aumentou o fator parcial de produtividade de P (FPPP) nas culturas de trigo e soja, quando a menor dose de P (30 kg ha-1) foi aplicada. O efeito residual do gesso no aumento da produtividade de trigo não foi ocasionado por melhoria na eficiência de utilização de P pelas plantas.
P is the nutrient, which most limits agricultural productivity in Brazil, due to the material from Brazilian soils, because of the strong interaction of P with soil, and its precipitation with compounds Fe, Al and Ca, for this reason, phosphate fertilization has been utilized in larger quantities, compromising world supplies, which have been diminishing. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of the utilization of P in agriculture, and the utilization of gypsum may be an alternative, due to the presence of P in its composition and the favoring of root growth. Thus, this paper is aimed at evaluating residual effect of gypsum application in the efficiency of phosphate fertilization for the succession wheat-soybean in no tillage system. The experiment was installed in October 2013, in the municipality of Ponta Grossa, in a typical dystrophic Red Latosol, clay texture. The experimental delineation applied was the blocks by chance, in subdivided parcels, with three repetitions. In the (180 m2) parcels, four doses of P (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg P2O5 ha-1) were applied, in-furrow, for winter and summer harvests, in the form of Triple SuperPhosphate (TSP) and, in the (45 m2) subparcels, four doses of agricultural gypsum were applied (0, 2, 4, 6 t ha-1), in October of 2013. The succession of crops for the experiment was: wheat (2015) and soybean (2015/2016), residual effect of agricultural gypsum was evaluated 33 months after its application (October of 2013), along with the effects of P doses. The evaluations performed were about the chemical attributes of the soil (pH, Al3+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, S-SO42- and P) in layers (0-10, 10-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm deep) in wheat crops (2015), and in soybean crops (2015/2016); foliar diagnosis, extraction, grain yield, and the partial factor productivity were evaluated. The residual effect of agricultural gypsum in the surface and phosphate fertilization in-furrow caused improvements to the chemical attributes of the soil, where the addition of P doses caused an increase of P (0-20 cm), SO42- (20-40 cm), Ca2+ and K+ (40-60 cm) and a decrease of P (20-40 cm), SO42- (0-10 cm) and Mg2+ (40-60 cm). The residual effect of agricultural gypsum caused an increase of Ca2+ (0-60 cm), P (0-20 cm), SO42- (10-60 cm) and K+ (40-60 cm), and a decrease of Al3+ (10-20 cm). In wheat crops, the addition of P doses increased the foliar content of P, Ca and S, and decreased the extraction of Fe, on the other hand with the addition of gypsum an increase of Ca and S foliar content occurred and a decrease of Mg content, and an increase of P, S and Cu extraction. In soybean crops, the addition of P doses and gypsum caused statistical differences in the crop diagnosis, and then again, for the extraction of the plant, there was an increase of K, Fe, Mn and Zn extraction with the addition of P doses, and an increase of P, Ca, S and Fe extraction with the addition of gypsum doses. For grain yield, the increase of P doses were not efficient to boost productivity in wheat and soybean crops, as for the addition of gypsum doses, it was only efficient for wheat crops with a 21,8% increase of grain yield. The addition in applied P doses increased the partial factor productivity (PFP) of P in wheat and soybean crops, when the lowest dose of P (30 kg ha-1) was applied. The residual effect of gypsum in the increase of wheat productivity did not happen because of improvements in the efficiency of P usage by plants.
Rodrigues, Mario Sergio. "Composted societal organic wastes for sustainable wheat (Triticum aestivum) production." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7884.
Full textTaylor, Victoria Louise. "The activities of herbicide safeners in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Thesis, Durham University, 2012. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3926/.
Full textKosma, Dylan K. "Interaction of cyanide with nitrogen metabolism in wheat (Triticum aestivum) /." Available to subscribers only, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1075707051&sid=17&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textBernard, SteÌphanie M. "Manipulating the expression of glutamine synthetase in wheat (Triticum aestivum)." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436734.
Full textMcCallum, John Allan. "Biochemistry of phenolic compounds in wheat grain (Triticum aestivum L.)." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Botany, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5723.
Full textRees, R. T. "Metabolic activity of isolated Glycine max and Triticum aestivum cells." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370504.
Full textTriggs, Heidi M. "Haploid production and genetic transformation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243689.
Full textMohammady-D, Shahram. "Inheritance of tolerance to water-stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum)." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250130.
Full textVaux, P. "Ribonucleotide content of wheat embryos (Triticum aestivum L.) during imbibition." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378808.
Full textVerma, Vinesh. "Genetic analysis of agronomic traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Thesis, University of Reading, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270848.
Full textNoori, Seyed Ahmad Sadat. "Salinity tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and its relatives." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367305.
Full textMohamed, Abulgasem Besheir. "Genetic basis of salt tolerance in wheat triticum aestivum (L)." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337214.
Full textDeswarte, Fabien. "Extraction of high-value chemicals from wheat straw (Triticum aestivum)." Thesis, University of York, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437630.
Full textSteinmeyer, Frederick Thomas. "Spike temperature depression of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at anthesis." Thesis, University of Reading, 2016. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/68662/.
Full textGoodwin, Hazel Emma. "The evolution and spread of Triticum aestivum L. in Europe." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.702440.
Full textCartelat, Aurélie. "Etude de l'autofluorescence des feuilles de blé (triticum aestivum L. )." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066444.
Full textLivesey, Nancy L. "Towards the haploid production of transgenic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395623.
Full textCollin, François. "La tolérance du blé (Triticum aestivum L.) à la Septoriose." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IAVF0028/document.
Full textThe Septoria tritici blotch disease (STB, pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici) is the most damaging foliar infection of wheat crops in Europe. Disease management strategies include cultivar resistance, disease escape strategy and fungicides. However, these strategies have failed to provide a complete protection of wheat crops. The STB tolerance is a complementary approach which aims to maintain yield in the presence of the symptoms. The tolerance of STB relies on plant physiology and source/sink balance: the sink demand (the grain growth) must be satisfied in spite of reduced source availability (photosynthetic capacity as affected by the STB symptoms on the leaves). The green canopy area, the senescence timing and the grain yield components are interesting potential sources of tolerance that were studied in this project. A data-mining study, one glasshouse experiment and two field experiments were carried out providing complementary insights on STB tolerance mechanisms. The genotype × environment interaction effects on tolerance traits were investigated for two seasons × five locations × nine cultivars datasets. The nitrogen nutrition and metabolism of four doubled-haploid (DH) lines contrasting for STB tolerance were examined in a controlled-glasshouse experiment at UMR ECOSYS (INRA,AgroParisTech) Grignon, France. The source/sink balance of six DH lines contrasting for STB tolerance was also examined according to their responses to a spikelet removal treatment, applied in a field experiment in Hereford, UK. Finally, a field experiment with two fungicide regimes (full disease control and non-target (STB) disease control) probed the STB tolerance of six modern UK winter wheat cultivars in Leicestershire, UK. The main objective was to verify identified potential STB tolerance traits in commercial cultivars. Putative STB tolerance traits have been identified such as the early heading date, the low degree of grain-source limitation of healthy crops during the grain filling phase, the vertical canopy distribution favouring a relatively larger flag-leaf. Results showed these traits might be selectable in wheat breeding without a trade-off with the potential yield. Finally, the project also discussed the need for alternative STB tolerance quantification methods, as well as the importance of environmental variations which have to be taken into account to study genetic variation in tolerance, but which could also be used to discriminate tolerant environment
Dimmock, Jeremy. "Effects of modern fungicides on the quality of winter wheat." Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367746.
Full textTalouizte, Ahmed. "Absorption et assimilation des nitrates en relation avec l'utilisation des photosynthétats chez le blé Triticum Aestivum L. : influence de la nutrition nitrique et de l'alimentation en eau." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112185.
Full textJuery, Caroline. "Expression et régulation épigénétique des gènes homéologues chez le blé tendre." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC037.
Full textWithin the plant kingdom, a lot of species are polyploids, meaning that they present two or more sub-genomes in the nucleus of their cells. Polyploidy confers genetic redundancy that offers a high potential of innovations and adaptations by relaxing natural selection on genic sequences. This allows faster sub and neo-functionalization of genes but also a loss of sequences that might be stochastic or not between the sub-genomes. Bread wheat is a recent polyploidy species that derived from two interspecific hybridizations that occurred 800 000 and 10 000 years ago. The genome of this species contains three sub-genomes: AABBDD and in theory three copies of each gene (1A:1B:1D). However, genomic analysis of the genome sequences reveals that half of the genes present copy number variations (NA:NB:ND). Within this scientific context, we wanted to answer questions such as: How this genetic redundancy evaluates after the polyploïdisation process? Is-it possible to observe differences in terms of gene expression that could correspond to functional evolution for this recently formed species? Which mechanisms could explain those processes? The objective of this PhD was to analyses relative expressions of homoeologous genes of bread wheat for groups presenting one copy on each sub-genomes (1 :1 :1, triades) and groups presenting a copy number variation with a loss (0:1:1, 1:0:1 ou 1:1:0), dyads or a duplication (2:1:1, 1:2:1 ou 1:1:2, tetrads) of sequences. We linked this analysis to genomic characteristics such as chromosome structure (genomic position of genes for exemple), evolution (presence or absence of lost and duplicated copies within diploid genomes of the progenitor species) and epigenetics (histone modifications). We used RNA-seq and ChIP-seq data released at the same time as the publication of the genomic reference sequence of bread wheat (IWGSC 2018). We highlight that the 51,1% of triads genes present mostly (81%) a balanced expression across the 15 tissues and developmental stages analyzed (high and constitutive expression) Those genes are mainly associated with the H3K9ac histone mark that is linked to an active transcription of genes. At the opposite, dyad genes (11,7% of High Confidence wheat genes) and tetrad genes (2,8%) present more frequently unbalanced expression patterns (36% and 74,5% respectively). Those genes are more associated with the histone mark H3K27me3 defining facultative heterochromatin and that target genes with transient expression. No dominance of one sub-genome on the others was discovered at the whole genome scale but rather stochastic suppression of genes copies. These results reveals potential sub-functionalization of genes, more frequent for copies present I the distal regions of chromosomes and associated with the epigenetic mark H3K27me3. Even if the homoeolog expression bias mostly corresponds to already existing divergence between diploid progenitor species, we nevertheless observe expression bias corresponding to the different step of bread wheat evolutive history: copies from sub-genome D are less repressed than the A or B copies; expression bias between AABB copies are more pronounced. In that respect the co-evolution of the two sub-genomes AABB during 800 000 years are traceable while D sub-genome seems to still present a nearly autonomous expression Combined together, these results suggest that wheat genome contains genes evolutionary constraints that correspond to a “core” genome of the species with basic conserved function (triad genes) and genes that present variation of the number of gene copies with differential regulations and specific functions that correspond to “dispensable” genes (dyads and tetrads)
Potter, Tara. "AFLP markers linked to Fusarium head blight resistance in Triticum aestivum." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6321.
Full textCanova, Eduardo. "TECNOLOGIA DE APLICAÇÃO DE FUNGICIDAS NO PATOSSISTEMA Triticum aestivum - Puccinia triticina." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/7608.
Full textThe wheat cultivation is subject to a certain number of limiting factors, such as climate adversities and diseases. Besides contributing to the incidence of infections that arise from diseases such as leaf rust (Puccinia triticina), climatic factors affect the applications behavior of foliar fungicide. This work aimed to evaluate the applications of fungicide carried out at different times using different rates and spectra of drops in wheat plants. A field experiment was then conducted in Itaara/RS. The experiment was arranged in random blocks with sub-split parcels in factorial arrangement of 5x3x2, with four replications. The first factor was composed by the time of application (05:00, 09:00, 13:00, 17:00, 21:00). The second factor consisted of the application rates (70, 100, 140 L/ha), and lastly, two drops spectra (fine and medium) composed the third factor. The fungicide used was composed by Trifloxystrobin + Prothioconazole (70.0 + 60.0 g active ingredient/ha) with addition of Aureo® at 0.375 L commercial product/ha. The parameters evaluated were: median volume diameter (MVD), covered area (%), drop density (cm2), area under the disease-progress curve (AUDPC), productivity (kg/ha), thousand seed weight, hectoliter weight and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The obtained results indicate that the penetration and the area covered by the fungicide volume are higher when high application rates are used alongside fine droplet spectrum. It was found that the fungicide application with fine droplet spectrum and higher spray volumes provides an increase on the control of wheat rust. The fungicide application held at 09:00 presented the best rust control.
O cultivo do trigo está sujeito a certo número de limitação, tais como adversidades do clima e doenças. Os fatores climáticos além de contribuírem para a ocorrência de infecções advindas de doenças como a ferrugem da folha, afetam o comportamento de aplicações de fungicidas foliares na cultura. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o comportamento de aplicações de fungicida realizadas em distintos horários utilizando diferentes taxas e espectros de gotas em plantas de trigo. Para isso foi conduzido um experimento à campo no município de Itaara RS. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental blocos ao acaso com parcelas sub-subdivididas. O experimento constituiu-se com quatro repetições, em arranjo fatorial 5x3x2. O primeiro fator foi composto pelos horários de aplicação (05:00, 09:00, 13:00, 17:00, 21:00 horas). O segundo fator foi composto pelas taxas de aplicação (70, 100, 140 L/ha) e o por fim, o terceiro fator, foi composto por dois espectros de gotas (Fino e Médio). Foi utilizado o fungicida composto pelos ingredientes ativos Trifloxistrobina + Protioconazol (70,0 + 60,0 g i.a/ha) com adição de Aureo® na dose de 0,375 L p.c/ha. Os parâmetros avaliados foram o diâmetro mediano volumétrico (DMV), a área coberta (%), a densidade de gotas (cm2), área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD), produtividade (kg/ha), peso de mil sementes (PMS), peso hectolitro (PH) e índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada (NDVI). Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a penetração e a área coberta pela calda de fungicida é elevada quando utilizou-se taxas de aplicação maiores conciliada a espectro de gotas fino. Verificou-se que a aplicação de fungicida com espectro de gota fina e volumes de calda maior proporcionam um aumento no controle da ferrugem do trigo. A aplicação de fungicida realizada às 09:00 horas apresentou o melhor controle da ferrugem.
Malik, Iram. "The effects of ozone and salinity on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343901.
Full textBhutto, Liaquat Ali. "Understanding the mechanisms of drought tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522505.
Full textHowladar, Saad Mohammed. "Effects of salicylic acid on salinity tolerance of wheat (Triticum aestivum)." Thesis, University of Reading, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.553172.
Full textSemikhodskii, Andrei G. "Mapping quantitative traits for salinity responses in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302054.
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