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Baumgärtner, Kevin [Verfasser], and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Mastalerz. "Triptycen- und Pyren-basierte polycyclische aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe / Kevin Baumgärtner ; Betreuer: Michael Mastalerz." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1177044234/34.
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Ueberricke, Lucas [Verfasser], and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Mastalerz. "Die Kristallstrukturen aromatischer π-Systeme sowie deren Modifikation durch endständige Triptycen-Einheiten / Lucas Ueberricke ; Betreuer: Michael Mastalerz." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1232324108/34.
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Kohl, Bernd [Verfasser], and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Mastalerz. "Auf Triptycen basierende Pyren-fusionierte Pyrazaacene - Eine Kombination aus Porosität und optoelektronischen Eigenschaften / Bernd Kohl ; Betreuer: Michael Mastalerz." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1180738683/34.
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Reinhard, Dennis [Verfasser], and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Mastalerz. "Von Triptycen-basierten polycyclischen Kohlenwasserstoffen und porösen Metall-assistierten Salphen-organischen Komplexen und Materialien / Dennis Reinhard ; Betreuer: Michael Mastalerz." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2021. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:16-heidok-288268.
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Schumann, Patrick Reiner. "Diastereomere Makrocyclen auf Basis von Bistriazol-Dienophilen und Sorbyl- und Sorboyl-Derivaten." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200800489.
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Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Untersuchung makrocyclischer Strukturen, welche über eine Sequenz von zwei Diels-Alder-Reaktionen synthetisiert wurden. Dabei wurden leichtzugängliche Sorbinsäure- und Sorbyl-Abkömmlinge mit aliphatisch-verknüpften Bis-(1,2,4-triazolin-3,5-dionen) kombiniert. Infolge der Prochiralität der eingesetzten Bisdiene können stereochemisch-differenzierte Reaktionsprodukte auftreten. Besonderes Augenmerk lag auf der stereochemischen Zuordnung, welche in vielen Fällen mittels NMR-Spektroskopie oder Einkristall-Röntgenstrukturanalyse gelang.
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Sirven, Agnès. "Nano-machines : vers la synthèse d'un treuil moléculaire." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30200.
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Dans le domaine des nanomachines, des progrès considérables ont été réalisés. Il est désormais possible de synthétiser une machine moléculaire et de contrôler son mouvement grâce à une source d'énergie chimique, lumineuse ou électrique, de façon à ce qu'il soit unidirectionnel. Un nouveau défi a surgi : comment rendre ce mouvement utile ? Comment utiliser le travail d'une machine moléculaire au niveau nanoscopique, mésoscopique ou macroscopique ? Cette thèse s'inscrit à la suite de la démonstration du contrôle de la rotation d'un moteur moléculaire. Ce moteur est un complexe de ruthénium(II) dont la rotation de la partie mobile, le rotor, est contrôlée par la pointe d'un microscope à effet tunnel. Afin de déterminer le travail limite fournit par ce moteur, nous avons synthétisé un nanotreuil intégrant le moteur moléculaire déjà étudié dans l'équipe avec une chaîne latérale permettant d'accrocher par chimie clic différents types de fragments moléculaires. Ces fragments ayant des natures chimiques différentes (fullerènes, triptycènes, porphyrines), ils interagiront de manière plus ou moins importante avec la surface. De ce fait, la rotation du moteur pourra ou ne pourra pas entraîner leur déplacement sur la surface, ce qui nous permettra d'estimer le travail du moteur. Cette thèse décrit la synthèse des différentes sous-unités de ce nanotreuil : le moteur dissymétrique, la chaîne et les différentes charges. Après avoir développé différentes stratégies visant à intégrer la chaîne sur le rotor, la synthèse de chacun des fragments moléculaires fera l'objet des chapitres suivants. Enfin, un chapitre mettra en perspective l'intégration possible du moteur dans des systèmes d'engrenages en vue de la récupération du travail dans un réseau supramoléculaireIn the field of molecular machines, considerable developments have been achieved. Nowadays, it is possible to synthesize a molecular machine with a directional control on its motion thanks to chemical, light or electrical energy source. A new challenge has arised: how make that movement useful ? How use the work of a molecular machine at a nano-, meso- or macro-level ? This thesis is in line with the demonstration and control of the molecular motor rotation. This motor consists in a ruthenium(II) complexe whom rotation of the movable part, i.e. the rotor, is controlled by the scanning tunnelling microscope tip. In order to estimate its motive power, we have synthesized a nanowinch incorporating the molecular motor synthesized in the team. This motor has been desymmetrized to be able to incorporate a chain allowing to connect by click chemistry several kind of molecular fragments. These fragments (fullerenes, triptycenes, porphyrines) will interact more or less with the surface of deposition. Therefore, the motor rotation will or will not make them move on the surface, giving us the possibility to estimate the motor torque. In this thesis, the synthesis of the different parts of the nanowinch is described : the dissymmetric molecular motor, the linker and the loads. After developping the synthetic strategies allowing us to incorporate the linker on the rotor, the synthesis of each fragment will be detailled in the following chapters. A concluding chapter will deal with the possible integration of that type of complexes into molecular gears in order to exploit the torque in a supramolecular network
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Torkelsson, Sara. "Triptych." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20726.
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Movement in relation to clothing has been conceptualized in many collections before mine. Mostly in terms of garments that move when the body moves. The aim for this project is to have another approach to movement. The attempt is to create a movement that is like a rhythm flowing through the collection. This approach allows me to work with static garments which together creates a rhythm. Movement is an abstract event and impossible to capture in a concrete way. To start my investigation about how I could picture movement I divided movement into three different categories. First, “the speedfull movement” which stands for “the actual” true movement, the one no one can ever capture except from the eye. “Trace of movement”, which represent that slight second where two cinematic pictures meets and creates an illusion of movement. “Static movement”, is the lines that in painting or sculpture can create an illusion of movement. The only movement that I therefore can create in a garment is always static. But, by butting them together in three I create a movement in between the garments. The movement is static but at the same time I could capture some of those “traces of movement” where two cinematic pictures meet. The movement in my collection is an interpretation of how static pictures create motion as seen in cinematographic images. The tools I use to accomplish this movement are perspectives, rhythm and pleating.Program: Master Programme in Fashion and Textile Design
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Hartman, Lee Chen Yi. "Beowulf triptych." Diss., UMK access, 2005.
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Thesis (M.M.)--Conservatory of Music. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2005."A thesis in music composition." Advisor: Chen Yi. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed June 23, 2006. Online version of the print edition.
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Cannon, Susan. "Anubis : an orchestral triptych." Thesis, Birmingham City University, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.680196.
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The aim of my research is to develop a compositional style of orchestral writing that is rich in polarities. This will be achieved through practice-based research using a range of compositional techniques as springboards to create a highly-charged symphonic language, contextualised by a discussion of the influence of stimuli on the compositional process. This thesis comprises a portfolio of seven musical works with supporting commentary documenting the research process and providing contextual and analytical detail. Using a range of influences such as myth and nature as springboards, my research consists of the development of an individual compositional language in which texture plays an important part. Central to this approach is the role of dialogue between polarities such as rhythmical versus timeless, calm and ethereal versus agitated and aggressive, polyphonic density and textural mass versus clarity of line. The research culminates in a triptych of orchestral pieces collectively entitled Anubis (entitled ‘Anubis’, ‘Isis’ and ‘Ammit’ respectively). Each piece forms a movement of Anubis yet can be performed in a stand-alone form. Also included in the portfolio are a number of supporting works that serve as experiments in the use of texture, structure and narrative, as well as exploring how stimuli can be a powerful tool in the creation of striking sonic textures, which then function within complex compositional structures in the main work. The commentary documents the research journey, charting the evolution of my musical language from piece to piece whilst explaining the relationship between source stimuli and resulting compositional response. The completed work, Anubis, comprises three movements exploring a range of textural polarities within a cohesive and consistent sound-world.
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Amro, Kassem. "Conception, synthèse et caractérisation de systèmes π-conjugués organosiliciés pour l'élaboration des dispositifs optoélectroniques." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20207/document.
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Ce travail porte sur la conception de nouveaux composés π-conjugués, potentiellement utilisable en électronique organique en tant que matériaux actifs dans des dispositifs tels que les OLEDs, les cellules photovoltaïques et les capteurs optiques. Dans ce but, nous avons exploité le motif silacyclopentadiène appelé également silole, possédant un bon rendement quantique de fluorescence à l'état solide et une excellente conduction des électrons. Dans un premier temps, l'introduction de groupements structurants (triptycène, stilbènes..) sur le silacyclopentadiène a permis de moduler l'arrangement moléculaire dans la couche active et par conséquent, les propriétés d'électroluminescence. Des diodes possédant des performances très encourageantes furent ainsi obtenues. Dans un deuxième temps, des dérivés siloles présentant une structure tridimensionnelle et une architecture spirosilole (accepteur)-bithiophène (donneur) furent synthétisées. Une cellule photovoltaïque basée sur ces édifices présentant des performances encourageantes fut ensuite mis au point. Enfin, l'étude des mécanismes de transfert d'énergie entre un film de polymère fonctionnalisé par un groupement sensible silole et des composés nitroaromatiques nous a permis de réaliser un nouveau type de capteur optique hautement sensible pour la détection d'explosifsThis work concerns the design of new π-conjugated compounds, potentially useful in organic electronics as active materials in devices such as OLEDs, photovoltaic cells and optical sensors. To this end, silacyclopentadiene, alias silole, groups were used exhibiting high fluorescence quantum yields in the solid state and excellent electron conductivities. Firstly, the introduction of structurizing groups (triptycene, stilbenes etc.) at the silacyclopentadiene allowed tuning of the molecular arrangement in the active layer and, consequently, the electroluminescence properties. Diodes showing very encouraging activities were thus obtained. Secondly, silole derivatives possessing a three-dimensional structure and a spirosilole (acceptor) - bithiophene (donor) architecture were synthesized. A photovoltaic cell based on these molecules was then developed exhibiting encouraging activity. Finally, a study of the mechanisms of energy transfer between a polymer film functionalized by a sensitive silole group and nitroaromatic compounds enabled the development of a new type of highly sensitive optical sensor for the detection of explosives
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Rose, Ian James. "Triptycene-based polymers of intrinsic microporosity for membrane applications." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25440.
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This project was focused on the synthesis of novel Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIMs) that are soluble in common low boiling point solvents so that self-standing films can be prepared for gas permeability measurements. The common building unit of these novel PIMs was triptycene and its derivatives. Modification of these triptycene compounds enabled the alteration of the polymeric backbone, so that we could tune the gas permeability properties. Modifications included the substitution of different functional groups (e.g. addition of methyl groups) and also the extension via benzoannulation of the triptycene structure. The synthesis of the PIMs was based around three different polymerisation techniques. The first one involved the formation of triptycene-based polyimides (PIs) using a triptycene based dianhydride, prepared in a multistep synthesis. Shorter and cheaper synthetic routes were attempted, but all to no avail. The resulting triptycene monomer was reacted with a variety of commercial and non-commercial bisanilines for the formation of several PIM-PIs, all exhibiting different performances. Robust self-standing films were obtained for two of these PIM polyimides. In addition to the formation of polyimides, the synthesis of Tröger’s Base (TB) polymers, also based on triptycene components, were achieved. This type of polymerisation involves the reaction between a “bisaniline” monomer and a source of “formaldehyde”, such as dimethoxymethane (DMM), in a strong acid media, typically trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). Modification of these triptycene-based bisanilines has led to the formation of TB-PIMs, all with distinctive gas permeation properties. TB-PIM copolymers (reaction between two different bisaniline monomers with DMM and TFA) were synthesised in an attempt to further tune the performance of the polymers. Finally, the preparation of polybenzodioxan polymers based around extended triptycene monomers (i.e. benzotriptycenes) was studied. By using a variety of substituted benzotriptycene biscatechol monomers and performing the polymerisation using tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile, in the presence of K2CO3, the synthesis of a series of substituted benzotriptycene polybenzodioxane polymers was successfully achieved and the polymers showed enhanced gas permeation properties.
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Gonciaruk, Aleksandra. "Graphene and triptycene based porous materials for adsorption applications." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/graphene-and-triptycene-based-porous-materials-for-adsorption-applications(932755b9-1600-4f64-8683-00844645a58b).html.
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There were three main driving forces behind this thesis: global concern over climate change mainly due to uncontrolled carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, the excitement over the discovery of graphene and its versatile potential, and the potential to design three-dimensional (3D) or two-dimensional (2D) structures, in our case using unique triptycene molecule. We examined two polymeric materials for CO2 adsorption and suggested simple design of disordered carbons suitable for gas adsorption studies. The approach in each task was to examine structural and adsorption properties of materials using detailed atomistic modelling employing Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics techniques and where possible provide experimental measurements to validate the simulations. The thesis is presented as a collection of papers and the work can be divided into three independent projects. The aim of the first project is to utilize graphene as an additive in polymer composites in order to increase separation between the polymer chains increasing available surface area. The matrix used is a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1), which possess large surface area and narrow nano-sized ( > 2nm) pore distribution attractive for gas separation membrane applications. Adding a filler can reduce aging of the polymer, and enhance permeability across the membrane, often to the expense of loosing selectivity. Therefore, we investigated the packing of PIM-1 chains in presence of discrete 2D graphene platelets and 3D graphene-derived structures and its effect on composite structure and adsorption properties. We found that additives do not alter structural polymer properties at the molecular level preserving the same adsorption capacity and affinity. Potential permeability increase would benefit from the retention of selectivity in the material. Building on design philosophy of materials with intrinsic microporosity we continued further investigation of 3D graphene-derived structures. The idea is that highly concave molecules or polymer chains pack inefficiently creating microporous materials with sufficient surface area for gas adsorption. 3D propeller-like structures were derived from graphene arms connected through the rigid triptycene and other types of cores. The resulting structures created a large amount of micropores and showed similar CO2/CH4 selectivity to activated carbons reported in the literature. It was shown that rigid triptycene core leads to more open structures. The model was also applied to model commercially available activated carbon to predict n- perfluorohexane adsorption. The fitting to experimental structural information proved to be challenging due to trial and error nature of the approach. Nevertheless, the simple packing procedure and diverse structure design have a great potential to serve as a virtual model for porous carbons that possess pore complexity and does not require any previous experimental data to be build on. The last project concerns CO2 adsorption and selectivity over CH4 and N2 in recently reported triptycene-based polymer. The triptycene shape polymer can form a porous 2D network that can be exfoliated into free-standing sheets and potentially used as a membrane. Sheets stack in the bulk material forming anisotropic channel pores. Additionally it contains fluoro- functional groups, which are known to have a high CO2 affinity. We explored pore structure and chemistry of stacked material for gas adsorption and predicted comparable capacity and CO2 selectivity to other microporous covalent materials such as activated carbons and PIMs. The CH4/N2 selectivity was similar to currently most selective material belonging to MOF family. We showed that fluoro-group have a positive effect on CO2 affinity, however predictions are sensitive to the charges of fluorine atoms assigned by different methods.
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Norvez, Sophie. "Synthese et proprietes mesomorphes de derives du triptycene : epitaxygenes." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066597.
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La synthese de triptycenes substitues par cinq et six longues chaines paraffiniques est decrite. Les proprietes structurales de ces composes ont ete etudiees: les derives a six chaines sont cristallins, ceux a cinq chaines sont mesomorphes: ce sont des smectiques, avec un ordre hexagonal des curs rigides dans les couches. L'un des composes presente, en plus de cette phase smectique ordonnee, une phase smectique a a haute temperature. Un modele de structure a ete propose, ainsi qu'une interpretation de la difference de comportement entre les derives a cinq et six chaines. On montre qu'il y a compatibilite entre les curs rigides et les chaines, au point de vue symetrie (p31m sous-groupe de p6mm) et surfaces occupees, ce qui nous a conduit a donner a ces derives le nom d'epitaxygenes. L'etude structurale des intermediaires reactionnels de type anthraquinone et anthracene substitues par quatre chaines ethers est egalement decrite: ces composes presentent une phase smectique a. Un modele de structure est propose, conforte par le calcul des dimensions moleculaires. Par ailleurs, l'activite en optique non lineaire du 2-nitrotriptycene a ete montree. Celle-ci, plus elevee que celle du nitrobenzene, a ete reliee a un transfert de charge transannulaire, interpretation confortee par le calcul des orbitales moleculaires de la molecule
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Payne-Rancier, Alexandra. "The influence of old masters in the Triptychon der Krieg and Grobstadt Triptychon of Otto Dix." Thesis, Boston University, 2007. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/30679.
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Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
2031-01-02
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Fraser, Douglas (Douglas H. ). "Triptycene side unit effects on compressive yield strength in polycarbonates." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35071.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 25).
Polycarbonates have long been studied for their excellent mechanical toughness. Adding side units to polycarbonate could increase physical properties of the polymer. The role of triptycene in polycarbonate was studied by adding a low concentration of triptycene-containing polymer chains, and using compression testing. The triptycene polycarbonate was a blend created from two separate products. Differential Scanning Calorimetry was used to determine if the samples had phase separated. Thermal degradation of the samples was checked for using Thermogravimetric Analysis. Results indicated that triptycene-containing polycarbonates had higher compressive yield strengths than non-triptycene polycarbonates. The polymers were stronger due to the interlocking mechanism and the steric hindrance of the triptycene units. The design of strengthening polymers by adding triptycene units could prove useful to improve high performing polymers, or to give low molecular weight polymers more stability.
by Douglas Fraser.
S.B.
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Goods, John B. (John Benjamin). "Design and synthesis of functional graphenic and triptycene poli(arylether) materials." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100877.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 2015.Vita. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis describes the design and development of new methods to functionalize graphitic materials as well as the synthesis and properties of a new triptycene poly(arylether), triptycene- PEEK (Trp-PEEK) and its derivatives. In chapters 1-3, the development of new methods to functionalize graphitic materials with both small molecule functional groups and polymers and their implementation as functional materials is described. Chapter 4 explores the synthesis, postpolymerization functionalization, and applications of a new poly(arylether), Trp-PEEK. Chapter 1: In this chapter, I describe an attempt to covalently functionalize graphene oxide with ketone derivatives via the Carroll rearrangement, a [3,3]-sigmatropic reaction. Graphene oxide was reacted with 5-acyl derivatives of Meldrum's acid to produce p-ketoester functionalized graphene, and these materials were submitted to multiple reaction conditions to induce the Carroll rearrangement. A 13C labeling study the under the explored reaction conditions the revealed that Carroll product is not predominant. However, it was found that the 20% of the installed functionality was not removed by exposure to strong base, suggesting some rearranged product may have been produced. 5-acyl derivatives of Meldrum's acid were ultimately found to be versatile reagents for the functionalization of graphene oxide with various functional groups, allowing for the synthesis of graphenes with controlled intergallery spacings. Chapter 2: Using a modified version of the Arbuzov reaction, graphene oxide is covalently functionalized with phosphonate functionalities. Due to the oxidizing nature of graphene oxide, the reaction produces a large amount of phosphate salts which organize around the covalently installed phosphonate anchor sites. This results in a graphene material which can be extensively decorated with a controllable amount of phosphate material. The ligand properties of this material were explored by synthesizing a number of metal composites. Graphene phosphate was ultimately found to possess outstanding compressive strength properties, which could be tuned according to the reaction conditions. Portions of this chapter contain work which was assisted by Prof. Stefanie A. Sydlik, who aided in the compression strength testing of graphene phosphate and associated analysis. Additionally, Dr. Joseph Walish fabricated the iron molds used to create the graphene phosphate pellets. Chapter 3: The synthesis of a brine-stable graphene is reported. Using AIBN initiated radical polymerization, random co-polymers containing both aniline and imidazole species were synthesized. These polymers were then covalently attached to the graphene basal plane using diazonium chemistry and converted into imidazolium betaine structures. The resulting composite shows indefinite stability in high-temperature brine solutions, which are particularly relevant for the imaging of oil reservoirs. The work reported in this chapter was performed with equal contributions from both John B. Goods and Dr. Carlos Zuniga. Dr. Jason Cox also provided valuable discussions. Chapter 4: A new poly(aryl ether), triptycene poly(ether ether ketone) (Trp-PEEK) was synthesized and its properties investigated. Incorporation of a triptycene into the PEEK backbone results in a significantly elevated glass transition temperature, and its increased solubility allows for high molecular weight polymer to be synthesized without the use of specialty solvents and high temperatures typically required for PEEK. This polymer is derivatized by both sulfonation and nitration. The sulfonated S-Trp-PEEK can be cast into robust transparent membranes, and shows exceptional performance as a proton conductor in this form. It can also stabilize solutions of singlewalled carbon nanotubes in polar solvents, such as water and methanol. From these solutions, conductive films and foams can be cast. The N0 2-Trp-PEEK derivative can be reduced into its amine form and then reacted with isocyanates to form urea and thiourea derivatives of Trp-PEEK. Thio-Trp-PEEK can be used as a selector in the gas-phase sensing of acetone. Its hydrogen bonding properties can also be exploited to form self-healing viscoelastic materials when blended with poly(THF). The work contained in this chapter regarding sulfonated Trp-PEEK and proton conductivity of those polymers was performed with equal contributions from John B. Goods and Lionel Moh. Lionel Moh also assisted with the characterization of the other polymers covered in this chapter.
by John B. Goods.
Ph. D.
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Chong, Jonathan Hoi-Chin. "Supramolecular chemistry with triptycene-based building blocks : access to new porous materials." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24119.
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Synthetic routes to a series of triptycenyl o-phenylenediamines and o-quinones were developed. The oxidation to form o-quinone moieties was found to occur in a stepwise manner, allowing triptycenes with varying number of o-quinone units to be synthesized. Schiff-base condensation of the triptycenyl o-phenylenediamines was used to form triptycene-containing quinoxalines, phenazines, metal salphens, and phenanthrolines.
Single crystal X-ray crystallography of the quinoxalines and phenazines showed that the presence of triptycenes resulted in more porous solid-state structures by disrupting efficient packing. Coordination of the quinoxalines with copper(I)iodide resulted in porous, two-dimensional coordination frameworks having solvent-filled channels. These materials retained their crystallinity on loss of the guest solvent and exhibited high thermal stabilities. One of these frameworks adsorbed solvent vapours to regenerate its original channel-containing structure, and was used to selectively remove benzene from samples of contaminated water.
The thermally stable nickel salphens were used to study the relationship between internal free volume arising from intrinsic molecular geometry and accessible porosity through gas adsorption. A general trend of increased internal free volume producing increased porosity was observed. The inclusion of triptycene in these salphens was very effective in promoting porosity, with some compounds having accessible surface areas in excess of 400 m2g1. This observed porosity is unique as it arises from only the molecule’s intrinsic porosity and not from assembly into an ordered, porous structure. The salphens were also capable of adsorping hydrogen, with the best compound adsorbing around 1 weight% at a loading pressure of 1 atmosphere.
The phenanthrolines were used to chelate copper(I) metal centres to form a bis(phenanthroline) complex. Carrying out the reaction in the presence of a cyanide source also resulted in the formation of a one-dimensional coordination polymer where the mono(phenanthroline) copper complexes are linked together by cyanide ligands, according to the preliminary solid-state structure obtained.
One of the triptycenyl o-phenylenediames was used to chelate a platinum (II) metal centre, forming a model compound representative of fragments of target hexagonal and honeycomb structures.
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Sydlik, Stefanie A. (Stefanie Arlene). "Synthesis and applications of materials and polymers containing graphenic and/or triptycene moities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79256.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, February 2013."November 2012." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
In this thesis, molecular design is used to synthesize novel materials with specific properties. The materials presented herein are based on two motifs. In part I, new methods of functionalizing graphenic materials and the applications of those materials are presented. In part II, new triptycene-based polymers are synthesized and their performance is explored. Part I: Graphenic Materials Chapter 1: Three different types of epoxy-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (EpCNTs) were prepared via multiple covalent functionalizaton methods. The effect of the different chemistries on the adhesive properties of a nanocomposite prepared from commercial epoxy at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 weight % CNT was studied. It was found that a covalently functionalized EpCNT (EpCNT2) at 1 weight % increased the lap shear strength, by 36 % over the unfilled epoxy formulation and by 27 % over a 1 weight % unmodified MWNT control sample. SEM images revealed a fracture surface morphology change with the incorporation of EpCNT and a deflection of the crack fronts at the site of embedded CNTs, as the mechanism accounting for increased adhesive strength. Chapter 2: In this chapter, the hydroxyl functionalities in graphene oxide (GO, a highly oxidized analogue of graphite), the vast majority that must be allylic alcohols, are subjected to Johnson-Claisen rearrangement conditions. In these conditions, a [3, 3] sigmatropic rearrangement after reaction with triethyl orthoacetate gives rise to an ester functional group, attached to the graphitic framework via a robust C-C bond. The resultant functional groups were found to withstand reductive treatments for the deoxygenation of graphene sheets and a resumption of electronic conductivity is observed. The chemical versatility of the ester groups allows for a variety of functional graphenes to be synthesized, and several of these have been used to successfully build layer-by-layer (LBL) constructs. Chapter 3: The effects of quantity of graphene and carbon nanotube-based fillers and their pendant functional groups on the shear properties of a thermoset epoxy were investigated. Two novel functionalized graphenes, one with epoxy functionality and the other with an amine, are synthesized for this purpose. The properties of the epoxy nanocomposites containing epoxy- and amine-functionalized graphene are compared with those containing GO, Claisen-functionalized graphene, MWNT, the EpCNTs, and the unfilled epoxy. One of the EpCNT (EpCNT3) was found to increase the plateau shear storage modulus by 136 % (1.67 MPa to 3.94 MPa) and the corresponding loss modulus by almost 400 % at a concentration of 10 weight %. A hybrid system of EpCNT3 and graphite was also studied, which improved the storage modulus by up to 51 %. Part II: Triptycene-Based Polymers Chapter 4: A series of soluble, thermally stable aromatic polyimides were synthesized using commercially available five and six membered ring anhydrides and 2, 6- diaminotriptycene derivatives. All of these triptycene polyimides (TPIs) were soluble in common organic solvents despite their completely aromatic structure, due to the threedimensional triptycene structure that prevents strong interchain interactions. Nanoporosity in the solid state gives rise to high surface areas (up to 430 m2/g) and low refractive indices (1.19- 1.79 at 633 nm), which suggest very low dielectric constants at optical frequencies. The decomposition temperature (Td) for all of the polymers is above 500 'C, indicating excellent prospects for high temperature applications. Chapter 5: Several new triptycene-containing polyetherolefins were synthesized via acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization. Two types of triptycene-based monomer with varying connectivities were used in the synthesis of homopolymers, block copolymers, and random copolymers. In this way, the influence of the triptycene architecture and concentration in the polymer backbone on the thermal behavior of the polymers was studied. Inclusion of increasing amounts of triptycene were found to increase the glass transition temperature, from -44 °C in polyoctenamer to 59 °C in one of the hydrogenated triptycene homopolymers (H-PT2). Varying the amounts and orientations of triptycene was found to increase the stiffness (H-PT1), toughness (PT1₁- b-PO₁) and ductility (PT1₁-ran-PO₃) of the polymer at room temperature. Chapter 6: A novel all-hard block polyurea containing triptycene units was synthesized from N,N-carbonyldiimidizole and 2,6-diaminotriptycene. The incorporation of triptycene along the backbone prohibits the polymer from hydrogen-bonding with itself and leave the sites of the urea open for the capture of H-bond accepting analytes. Targeted analytes include cyclohexanone, a signature of the powerful explosive RDX (1 ,3,5-trinitro- 1,3,5- triazacyclohexane) and organophosphate nerve agents. This triptycene-polyurea (TPU) was found to be fluorescent in solution in the presence of H-bonding solvents. TPU was cast into thin films and a 12% increase in the fluorescent emission at 443 nm was observed in the presence of saturated cyclohexanone vapor. The sensitivity and selectivity of this response is enhanced by creating a hybrid system with squaraine (Hbond acceptor) and a HFIP-dypyrrin based dye (H-bond donor).
by Stefanie A. Sydlik.
Ph.D.
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Elbert, Sven Michael [Verfasser], and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Mastalerz. "1,8,13-Trisubstituierte Triptycene als molekulare Bausteine für poröse Materialien / Sven Michael Elbert ; Betreuer: Michael Mastalerz." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1177386550/34.
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Chang, Zhengmian. "Synthesis and Properties of Novel Triptycene-containing Segmented Polyurethanes and Semicrystalline Polysulfone-polyester Multiblock Copolymers." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73294.
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Segmented copolymers are important polymers with attractive properties and wide applications. In this dissertation, segmented polyurethanes containing triptycene units and multiblock copolymers containing poly(arylene ether sulfone) (PAES) and poly(1,4-cyclohexyldimethylene terephthalate) (PCT) segments were synthesized and systematically studied.
Investigation of the influence of the bulky triptycene structure on the morphologies and properties of segmented polyurethanes was carried out by using triptycene-1,4-hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether (TD) as the chain extender. Segmented polyurethanes based on poly(tetramethylene glycol) (PTMG) of 1000 g/mol were synthesized using a two-step polymerization procedure. Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether (HQEE) was used for the purpose of comparison. Hard segments with different bulkiness and flexibility were prepared with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and 4,4'-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI), and HQEE or TD as chain extenders. The incorporation of bulky TD and less flexible MDI significantly inhibited hydrogen bonding based on the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results. In addition, the microphase separation was also disturbed by the bulky and less flexible hard segments with confirmation from tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The flexible HDI can be used to overcome the bulkiness of triptycene, promote microphase separation, and enhance mechanical properties.
Novel PTMG based soft segments containing triptycene units were also prepared with number average molecular weight (Mn) around 2500 g/mol. Then this soft segment was reacted with MDI and HQEE to prepare segmented polyurethanes. Soft segments such as hydroquinone (HQ) containing PTMG (Mn = 2100 g/mol), and pure PTMGs (Mn = 1000 and 2000 g/mol) were used for comparison. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results demonstrated that triptycene units led to an increased glass transition temperature (Tg) and an elimination of the crystallization of the soft segments. The absence of strain hardening for the triptycene-containing sample suggested a suppressed strain induced crystallization of soft segments, which was also confirmed by the analysis of wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) on the films strained to 370 %.
Crystallizable PCT segments were copolymerized with PAESs to enhance solvent resistance and mechanical properties. PAES oligomers (Mn = 2000 g/mol) were first synthesized, and then reacted with dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM). Weight percentages of PCT segments were gradually changed from 20 wt% to 80 wt%. With PCT content greater than 50 wt%, crystallinity was observed by DSC, DMA, and WAXD. The extent of crystallinity of the copolymers was dependent on the wt% of PCT. Furthermore, crystallization behavior of copolymers based on two CHDMs with different isomer ratios (cis/trans 30/70 and all trans) were studied. Due to their more symmetric structure, copolymers based on all trans CHDM exhibited a higher extent of crystallization.Ph. D.
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Elbert, Sven [Verfasser], and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Mastalerz. "1,8,13-Trisubstituierte Triptycene als molekulare Bausteine für poröse Materialien / Sven Michael Elbert ; Betreuer: Michael Mastalerz." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:16-heidok-247144.
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Zou, Yan. "Study of Lone Pair-Arene Interactions in Solution." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1186024674.
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Emenike, Bright Ugochukwu. "Noncovalent interactions involving aromatic rings: How to identify and isolate π–π, CH–π, and NH–π attractions." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1312996577.
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Cesetti, Durval. "The Many Masks of Karol Szymanowski: A Commentary on his Piano Triptychs." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111715.
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Note:Karol Szymanowski's music has fascinated me for a long time. The first time I encountered his name was in Artur Rubinstein's autobiography, which recounts how they first met and narrates many anecdotes about their friendship. At the time, I was living in Brazil, and was unable to find any recordings of his music. Nonetheless, Rubinstein's ardent praise of him (“a master!”, “a great Polish composer!”, “a powerful, original personality”) made me very curious, and I did not abandon my desire to keep looking for his music. Then, when I moved to Montreal in order to start my undergraduate degree at McGill University, I was finally able to find many recordings of his works at the school's library.[...]
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Yang, Yong Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Polymers containing calix[4]arenes and triptycenes : new syntheses, properties and applications." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43768.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2008.Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis details the development of new synthetic methods for making polymers with complex molecular structures. Calix[4]arenes and triptycenes are the two major molecular building blocks for constructing the functional polymers. Unusual properties, with the emphasis on mechanical and sensory properties, are demonstrated. In Chapter 2, early investigations on the synthesis of main-chain calix[4]arene polymers are introduced. High molecular-weight main-chain calixarene homopolymers via linkages on lower rims are synthesized by the polymerization based on acetylenic coupling reaction. The conformation of calixarene monomers dictates the ability to produce the new polymers: the calix[4]arene monomers with a partial cone conformation produce high molecular-weight polymers while the calix[4]arene monomers with a cone conformation only afford oligomers. Other polymerization methods, including Sonogashira coupling and Cu(I)catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, are also investigated but found to be inferior to the acetylenic coupling polymerization. In Chapter 3, main-chain calix[4]arene elastomers are achieved by metathesis reactions. Alkene-bridged calix[4]arene monomers are synthesized by ring-closing metathesis (RCM). All the three possible conformers (cone, partial cone, and 1,3-alternate) are used as comonomers with cyclooctene and norbornene in ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The resultant polymers are high molecular-weight, transparent and stretchable materials with high calixarene incorporation (up to 25 mol% or 70 wt%) and low glass transition temperatures. The conformational properties of the calixarene moieties play a crucial role in determining the mechanical properties of the polymers.
(cont.) In Chapter 4, the single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)/polythiophene (PT)/calixarene polymer (CP) three-component hybrid system is demonstrated to be a simple chemiresistive sensory platform by utilizing the host-guest chemistry between calixarenes and analytes. To improve the sensing performance, a new polythiophene with pedant calixarenes (CalixPT) is then synthesized by a precursor polymer route. The new CalixPT is able to disperse SWCNTs. The stable and homogeneous dispersions can be easily processed to chemiresistive sensors for selective detection of xylene isomers. The sensing performance of the simplified SWCNT/CalixPT two-component system is greatly enhanced. In Chapter 5, high molecular-weight 1,4-linked triptycene polycarbonates (PCs) are synthesized by an optimized melt polymerization process. The triptycene-PCs exhibit improvements in modulus by over 20% and improvements in compressive strengths by nearly 50% at both low and high strain rates without any apparent sacrifice to ductility and transparency, in comparison to commercial bisphenol A PC. This is a further evidence of previously proposed molecular threading and interlocking mechanisms derived from the unique internal free volume (IFV) of the triptycene units. In Chapter 6, a modified ring-opening insertion metathesis polymerization (ROIMP) in ionic liquids (ILs), which employs the use of simple acyclic dienes as the comonomers and takes advantage of ILs' high boiling point to allow the application of high reaction temperature and low pressure, is developed. The new polymerization method is applied to making triptycene elastomers (both 1,4-linked and 2,6-linked) with high molecular weights and triptycene incorporations.
(cont.) The 1,4-linked triptycene elastomers are for fundamental studies of the IFV mechanism. The 2,6-linked triptycene elastomers are proposed to exhibit negative Poisson's ratio at the molecular level.
by Yong Yang.
Ph.D.
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Cummings, Simon. "Cloud Triptych : an exploration of stochastic movement between discrete musical behaviours." Thesis, Birmingham City University, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.719160.
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The primary objective of my compositional research is to create perceptible, large-scale musical transformations. To this end, my research project was to compose a series of works employing algorithmic techniques of my own devising, specifically designed to map stochastic processes of movement between epicentres of discrete musical behaviour. The processes are codified in and realised by bespoke computer programs that generate the resultant musical material. This material is then interpreted, modified as needed and finally notated as a score. The implications and validity of these processes are thereby tested in the compositions. The specific focus of my research is music for acoustic instruments. The portfolio includes a principal work, Cloud Triptych, and five preliminary pieces for smaller numbers of players, exploring processes that generate portions of material to be incorporated into larger structures as well as complete compositions. An important part of this exploration was the integration of both computational and intuitive materials, and the extent to which computational models can effect an embodiment of my compositional practice, thereby simulating musical creativity. In each of the compositions the different aspects that make up any musical behaviour – such as rhythm, pitch, articulation and dynamic – are treated as independent parameters that together comprise the whole. As such, they are scrutinised and developed both on their own terms and in their role interacting with each other within larger musical entities. The central role of behaviour, and the way it can serve as a discrete epicentre of stable musical focus, is explored in several ways, abruptly alternating between contrasting behavioural states as well as various kinds of transition and transformation. The goal and outcome of this research was the composition of the extended large orchestral work Cloud Triptych, which lasts approximately 28 minutes. This was created using an extensive piece of software of my own design, CloudCube,that both encapsulates and greatly expands the computational outlook of the preliminary works, in so doing approximating closer than ever to an embodiment of the diverse aspects of my compositional practice. As well as the scores of the six compositions, the portfolio contains this 25,000-word commentary explaining the creative and technical processes I have developed, and discussing their implementation in the compositions, along with two accompanying CDs.
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Albath-Folchetti, Maike. "Zanzottos triptychon : eine Studie der Sammlungen "il Galateo in bosco", "Fosfeni" und "Idioma /." Tübingen : G. Narr, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37040028j.
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Garbage, Romain. "Synthèse de nanoroues et de nanovéhicules : exploration des fragments triptycène, subphthalocyanine et bisindénochrysène." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2081/.
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Du fait de sa symétrie et de sa rigidité, le fragment triptycène est très intéressant à utiliser dans le domaine des nanomachines. Ainsi, il a été utilisé comme roue pour préparer des nanovéhicules mais interagissant trop fortement avec les surfaces d'études, nous avons exploré d'autres fragments en tant que roues moléculaires potentielles. Ces roues moléculaires présentent une structure en bol permettant de diminuer l'interaction avec la surface, augmentant ainsi leur mobilité. De plus, elles possèdent une étiquette permettant de visualiser directement la rotation de la roue par imagerie STM. Ce comportement a été prédit par les études théoriques et observé expérimentalement pour la roue basée sur le fragment subphthalocyanine. La synthèse des roues subphthalocyanine a été réalisée, mais leur connexion via l'atome de bore apical s'est avérée instable sur les surfaces métalliques utilisées. Nous avons donc exploré la synthèse de roues de type bisindenochrysène. Le nanovéhicule à roue triptycène a aussi été étudié sur surface semi-conductrice. Des calculs ont été effectué pour interpréter les images obtenues expérimentalement. Différentes conformations ont été optimisées sur surface semi-conductrice et la conformation la plus stable semble confirmer l'orientation de la molécule sur la surface. Parallèlement à ces recherches sur les nanovéhicules à roues triptycène, nous avons découvert que sur une surface Sm/Si, les triptycènes s'arrangeaient sur les rangées de samarium. Dans le but d'aider à l'auto-organisation unidimensionnelle de ces fragments sur la surface, nous avons synthétisé des dérivés du triptycène fonctionnalisés par des groupes permettant de former des liaisons hydrogèneDue to its rigidity and symmetry, very interesting is to use the triptycene fragment in the synthesis of nanomachines. Thus, it has been used as a wheel in nanovehicles but it was found that its interaction with the surface was too strong, so we explored other fragments as new molecular wheel candidates. These new wheels have a bowl-shaped structure in order to decrease the interaction with the surface, improving their mobility. Furthermore, they contain a tag which allows us to directly visualize the rotation of the wheel by STM imaging. This behaviour, which was predicted by theoretical studies was observed experimentally with the subphthalocyanine-based wheel. Subphthalocyanine wheels were synthesized, but it was found that their connexion through the boron atom was unstable on the metallic surfaces used for the STM experiments. This is the reason why we decided to explore the synthesis of wheels based on the bis-indenochrysene fragment. A nanovehicle with four triptycene wheels was also studied on a semiconductor surface. Calculations were carried out in order to interpret the experimental images. Different conformations were optimized on the surface and the most stable conformation seems to confirm the molecule orientation on the surface. In the meantime, it was also discovered that, on Sm/Si surfaces, triptycenes form 1D networks along the samarium rows. In order to promote this 1D organisation, we synthesized functionalized triptycenes capable of self-assembling via hydrogen bonds
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Gonzalez, Pelayo Irma. "Toward the integration of a feminine poetics of space : a Mexican triptych /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3004272.
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Walker, Jonathan Keith Earl. "Novel polymers and dendrimers of intrinsic microporosity derived from triptycene and other monomers of high internal free volume." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2011. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55141/.
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The research described in this thesis is largely focused on monomers derived from the triptycene moiety, and their potential to form polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs), organic molecules of intrinsic microporosity (OMIMs) and dendrimers of intrinsic microporosity (DIMs). Triptycene is of particular interest here due to its high internal molecular free volume (IMFV) and previously reported success in the formation of microporous materials - triptycene is in fact the basis of the most microporous PIM reported to date, and the basis of the only reported example of an amorphous molecular microporous material. The work later extends to incorporate other presumed high IMFV moieties based on spirobifluorene and propellane. The research begins by focusing on the synthesis of potentially soluble polymers. They are of interest due to their processability, which when coupled with microporosity, can potentially yield permeable membranes suitable for selective gas separation. There has been much research into PIMs and their corresponding membranes, with particular interest surrounding PIM-1, a polymer formed between a spirobisindane based monomer, and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile.1 The same nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction (SNAr) as is used to make PIM-1 is employed throughout this thesis for the formation of final products. The second section of this project focused on the synthesis of network polymers based around triptycene, introducing bitriptycenes, triptycene side groups, and unsymmetrical triptycenes with new functional groups, the main focus on increased surface area. Although highly microporous materials were prepared, no enhancement over previously obtained triptycene polymers was obtained. The third section of the thesis focuses on the synthesis of novel microporous materials termed Organic Molecules of Intrinsic Microporosity (OMIMs) and Dendrimers of Intrinsic Microporosity (DIMs). These are discrete molecules lacking any long range order that cannot pack space efficiently due to their rigid structures, composed of monomer subunits with high IMFV. All materials were analysed for their apparent BET surface areas (N2 adsorption at 77 K), which were in the range 0-700 m2 g"1.
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Long, Timothy Michael 1975. "Triptycenes as a molecular building block to introduce internal free volume in organic materials." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8048.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2002.Vita.
Includes bibliographical references.
Chapter 1. Triptycenes are shown to possess "internal free volume" swept out between their aromatic faces, which enable them to align their long axis normal to the host alignment to most efficiently fill this volume. This alignment is the opposite of that expected by conventional aspect ratio considerations alone. Anthracene chromophores were attached directly into the triptycene backbone and their polarized UV-Visible spectra were probed to determine their overall orientation. This alignment is guided by the minimization of the free volume of the system and works for both liquid crystalline and poly(vinyl chloride) hosts.
Chapter 2. Building from the principles learned in Chapter 1, a design for fluorescent and dichroic dyes is introduced to increase their alignment when dissolved in nematic liquid crystals and the mixture is aligned on a rubbed poly(imide) surface. A wide variety of dyes was synthesized to demonstrate the universality of the effect and exception to the rule, particularly azo dyes and pentiptycene containing materials, are addressed. Application of a fluorescent green dye towards a fluorescent security device is shown.
Chapter 3. The synthesis of a new class of nematic liquid crystals with triptycenes built into a bis(p-dialkoxyphenylethynyl)benzene mesogenic core is reported. Triptycenes are designed into the center or terminal ring of the mesogen, to make symmetric and asymmetric liquid crystals respectively. Both types displayed monotropic behavior, with the asymmetric compounds having unusual phase behavior, lacking distinct crystallization transitions. A chiral analogue were found to be crystalline, but gave chiral nematic phases when doped into achiral analogues. This design may allow for the synthesis of a single component liquid crystal which displays a biaxial nematic phase. Rotation is physically hindered normal to the director and free-rotation can be further inhibited introduction of lateral dipoles.
Chapter 4. Norbornene-based ROMP polymers incorporating the triptycene subunit and stepwise polymerization of hydroquinones with activated fluoroarenes to produce poly(aryl ether)s are prepared. Iptycenes are shown to introduce "internal free volume" into the polymer films, thereby lowering their dielectric constants. The triptycene containing polymers exhibit low-water absorption, high thermal stability, and form very flat thin films when spin-coated onto glass substrates. Dielectric constants were determined by the construction of metal-insulator-metal (MIM) devices, low water absorption by measurement with a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM).
Chapter 5. Ladder polymers based on triptycene, poly(iptycenes), are introduced with the synthesis of monomers capable of undergoing efficient Diels-Alder polymerization to produce materials with large internal free volumes. The effect of hyperbranching and applications of high-pressure on polymerization behavior are discussed. Applications of these materials in binary polymer blends with common polymers such as polyethylene and poly(vinyl chloride) are discussed with potential applications toward the production of auxetic materials.
by Timothy Michael Long.
Ph.D.
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Flynn, Michael Patrick. "Trumpet Music of David Sampson: A Performer's Guide to "Breakaway," "Passage," and "Triptych"." Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/401.
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The purpose of this study is to create a performer's guide for three separate pieces written by David Sampson. The first piece, Breakaway, is written for two trumpets and electronic accompaniment. The second piece is entitled Passage, and is written for muted flugelhorn and viola. The final piece for examination is the Sonata for trumpet entitled Triptych, a commission from the International Trumpet Guild in 1991. Although the number of compositions for trumpet has increased in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, guides for the performer regarding pieces with unique instrumentation and internationally commissioned works extremely limited. Included in this study is an examination of the specific challenges found in Breakaway, Passage, and Triptych, with detailed consideration regarding the methods with which to execute the unique performance elements of each composition. In addition, the information found in this study will expand the number of twentieth and twenty-first century trumpet works that have been investigated in a formal research capacity.
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Ernster, Gretchen Marie Lewis Trudy Swick Marly A. "On marvellous things seen and heard." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6773.
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The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on March 26, 2010). Thesis advisors: Dr. Trudy Lewis and Dr. Marly Swick. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Withrow, Leigh Ann. "Inspirational Journey: People and Places." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1898.
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Bourguignon, Christine [Verfasser], and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Mastalerz. "Synthese von vierfach ortho-formylierten Triptycenen und deren Verwendung zum Aufbau neuartiger Käfigmoleküle / Christine Bourguignon ; Betreuer: Michael Mastalerz." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1239180977/34.
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Sinner, Anita Elizabeth. "Unfolding the unexpectedness of uncertainty : arts research as a triptych installation : a conversation of processes, practices, products." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/532.
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This conversation is an invitation to a research and artistic experience engaging in teaching and learning with sensitivity and consideration, and in the course of doing, revealing insights about the transformative processes of becoming-teacher in art education. Invoking the architecture of the contemporary triptych, this installation involves structural frames of arts research processes, practices and products, and iconographic frames of becoming-teacher as unfolding, unexpectedness and uncertainty. I explore how arts research opens possibilities through the act and art of sharing stories and visuals in a triptych which may be read sequentially, or out of order, as a relational experience, entering at any point across and/or within each panel. In doing arts research, I question: What insights are generated through the arts in a case study concerning the lived and learning experiences of women becoming-teachers? How does arts research inform research processes, practices and products? How do I theorize arts research as customary methodological ecotones? Based on this study, a number of key issues are illuminated concerning teacher education. The reconceptualization of teacher education in terms of health and well-being is critical. Emphasis on geographies of self and the evolution of situated knowledges as a means to negotiate becoming-teacher, along with notions of teacher as researcher and collaborative leadership in teacher education, provide a basis for active reform in teacher education. An emotional journey, complex and complicated, rich in artful expressions, this conversation moves between theoretical and methodological considerations and culminates in a series of realizations about becoming-teacher and arts research, honouring the knowledge creation of research partners, and my discoveries and realizations as an arts researcher, to make this expression of arts research an opportunity to share alternate perspectives within teaching culture.
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Ludwig, Aaron B. "Lonely Cello: A Performer's Analysis of Leon Kirchner's "For Cello Solo"." Scholarly Repository, 2011. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/533.
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The purpose of this essay is to examine Leon Kirchner’s "For Cello Solo" for the preparation of a performance. The score, manuscripts, and recordings were analyzed to better inform the author’s interpretation of the work. Backgrounds for both the piece and the composer are included to illuminate the origins of the work. Additional information was accumulated through interviews with Carter Brey and Maria Kitsopoulos, performers of the work who collaborated with the composer. This essay aims to aid a performer’s preparation and interpretation of the composition by describing the piece’s historical and biographical context, analyzing its compositional design, and addressing specific sound and musicality issues related to the work.
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Cusanovich, Darren Anthony. "Integrative genomics approaches to understanding the role of gene regulation in human evolution, disease, and cellular networks| A triptych." Thesis, The University of Chicago, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3606309.
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Human development and health involves the complex and coordinated regulation of gene expression across diverse tissues. Gene regulation is therefore an essential process in human biology. In the field of human genetics, this has only become more apparent as genomic technologies have made genome-wide surveys of genetic variation underlying human traits possible. In my thesis work, I studied the impact of variation in gene regulation on human traits from three distinct perspectives of human genetics. I first examined the contribution of gene regulation to human disease susceptibility by combining gene expression data with a genome-wide association study to identify novel asthma susceptibility candidate genes. I then studied the effects of depleting specific transcription factors from the cell on downstream gene expression by incorporating gene expression data (following cellular depletion of those factors) with genomic transcription factor binding data. Finally, I considered the role of gene regulation in human evolution by integrating RNA-seq data collected in human, chimpanzee, and rhesus macaque lymphoblastoid cell lines with promoter reporter assays conducted in the same lines. Throughout this work, I have synthesized multiple genomic data sets and multiple distinct sub-disciplines of human genetics in order to arrive at a unified view of the role of gene regulation in determining human traits.
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Claassen, Joel. "The role of a spatial-temporal deictic paradigm in literary analysis : an evaluation of Karel Schoeman's triptych "Stemme” ['Voices']." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8015.
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Deixis has had a useful, yet fairly one-dimensional history in Linguistics. The core of traditional deixis is essentially the manner that the utterance reflects the spatial and temporal position of the narrator. The aim of this study has been to pursue a paradigmatic application of deixis to literature, much as Snyman (1983), Anker (1987) and Fludernik (1997) have utilised deixis as a stylistic tool in the analysis of poetry, short stories and shorter novels. What this dissertation proposes is that deixis could also be a viewed as a literary paradigm in the analysis of literary texts. The deictic paradigm can also be especially important, as a narrative structural principle, in the evaluation of literary texts where space and time causes particular difficulty. In order to develop deixis as a paradigm, a spatial and temporal deictic analysis, is emphasized.
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Manley, Jonathan. "A comparative study of climate change mitigation regime proposals, and the Triptych approach, and a South African energy model." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5511.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-91).
Global climate change is one of the most serious challenges facing the world with the cause being increased levels of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The required solution is a decrease in global GHG emission levels. Under the UNFCCC a number of proposals exist for decreasing CO₂ levels. This thesis first makes use of the FAIR 2.2 policy support tool to determine South Africa’s GHG reduction requirements under the South-North dialogue, Contraction and Convergence and Multi-stage proposals. A Triptych 7.0 regime target was calculated for South Africa using both the FAIR 2.6 model and a MARKAL representation of South Africa, developed at the ERC.
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Selby, John Harry. "A process theoretic triptych : two roads to the emergence of classicality, reconstructing quantum theory from diagrams, looking for post-quantum theories." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/56609.
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This thesis asks what can be learnt about quantum theory by investigating it from the perspective of process theories. This is based on the diagrammatic compositional structure of Categorical Quantum Mechanics, leading to a very general framework to describe alternate theories of nature. In particular this framework is well suited to understanding the relationship between different theories. In the first part of the thesis we investigate the relationship between quantum and classical theory, showing how an abstract description of decoherence in terms of leaking information leads to emergent classicality. Moreover, this process theoretic notion of a 'leak' allows us to capture the distinction between quantum and classical theory in a particularly simple way, highlighting how the quantum and classical worlds diverge. In the second part we look at how to reconstruct quantum theory from diagrammatic principles showing that i) the existence of a classical interface with the theory plus ii) standard notions of composition and iii) a time symmetric form of purification are sufficient to reconstruct the standard quantum formalism. Thereby demonstrating that the standard tools of Categorical Quantum Mechanics come very close to capturing the essence of quantum theory. In the third part we abstract the key features of this emergence of classicality to define a notion of 'hyperdecoherence' whereby some post-quantum theory might appear quantum due to an uncontrolled interaction with an environment. We prove a no-go theorem which states that any operational post-quantum theory must violate the purification principle, and so must radically challenge our understanding of how information behaves. To summarise, we use the framework of process theories to gain a better understanding of quantum theory, its sub-theories, and its potential super-theories.
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Frensch, Nathalie [Verfasser]. "Das Triptychon als Pathosformel in der Moderne? : Funktion und Bedeutung einer historischen Bildform bei Willi Sitte, Volker Stelzmann und Werner Tübke / Nathalie Frensch." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1225685524/34.
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Balzer, Carsten [Verfasser]. "Gender - Outlaw - Triptychon : eine ethnologische Studie zu Selbstbildern und Formen der Selbstorganisation in den Transgender-Subkulturen Rio de Janeiros, New Yorks und Berlins / Carsten Balzer." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1023328550/34.
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Hounshell, Jonathan. "Epoch locale." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2004. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-1114104-180250/unrestricted/HounshellJ120104f.pdf.
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Thesis (M.F.A.)--East Tennessee State University, 2004.Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-1114104-180250 Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.
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Wood, Jennifer Irene. "Framing the Albertian triptych : cinematic fragments, the divine fool and the dissolution of the comic mask in Rafael Alberti’s Yo era un tonto y lo que he visto me ha hecho dos tontos." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440679.
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Migdal, Anna. "Regina Cœli : les images de la Vierge et le culte des reliques : tableaux-reliquaires polonais à l’époque médiévale." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20045/document.
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Le corpus d’œuvres et la synthèse des études menées sur les images de dévotion à l’époque médiévale n’ont jamais approfondi, dans le contexte européen, la question des peintures mariales ayant fonction de porte-reliques. Le modèle de tableau-reliquaire : panneau unique, diptyque et triptyque comprenant le portrait de la Vierge à l’Enfant peint sur bois (plus rarement sur verre églomisé) enchâssé dans un large cadre incrusté de reliques (parfois de pierres précieuses) se répandit particulièrement sur le territoire de la Petite-Pologne à partir des environs de 1420. Les reliquaires polonais, connus jusqu’au début du XVIe siècle, doivent sans doute être considérés comme une adaptation des types iconiques et formels de provenance byzantine, lesquels furent réinterprétés dans la peinture du Trecento italien. Il s’agit notamment du modèle siennois de retable portatif marial popularisé dès les années 1330-1340. D’après l’étude comparative des œuvres, relative à leurs caractéristiques similaires et leur ancienneté, on envisage l’arrivée d’un tel concept formel en Pologne soit directement de l’Italie, soit par l’intermédiaire de la Bohême.L’expansion des tableaux-reliquaires, typiques de l’art toscan, s’inscrivit au XVe siècle en Europe centrale dans le mouvement général du renouveau de piété, qu’était la devotio moderna. De sorte qu’à côté des représentations singulières, spécialement vénérées au cours des offices liturgiques et paraliturgiques, on voit se répandre des reliquaires moins coûteux dans l’espace privé. Appréciés dans l’intimité des couvents – franciscains et dominicains –, ainsi que dans celle du quotidien des laïcs, ils étaient utilisés comme des autels domestiques ou bien comme des autels pliables de voyage. Ces images d’affection religieuse constituent un phénomène artistique du bas Moyen Âge. Et, quelques-uns des reliquaires semblables connus postérieurement n’assurent pas une véritable continuité de l’ancien modèle à l’époque moderneScholarly investigation of devotional images from the medieval period has never explored, in a European context, the question of Marian paintings functioning as portable relics. The model of the « picture-reliquary » : a single, diptych, or triptych panel comprsing the por-trait of the Virgin and Child painted on wood (or, more rarely, on gilded glass, verre églomisé) set in a large framework encrusted with relics (occasionally with precious stones) was particularly widespread in the territory of Little Poland from c. 1420. Polish reliquaries, known until the beginning of the 16th century, should be considered as an adaptation of iconic types and forms of Byzantine provenance, which were reinterpreted in the painting of the Italian Trecento. Of particular note is the Siennese model of the portable Marian altar piece made popular from the 1330s-40s. From the comparative study of the works, concerning their similarities and their antiquity, one envisages the advent of such a formal concept in Poland either directly from Italy, or by the intermediary of Bohemia.The diffusion of picture-reliquaries, typical of Tuscan art, forms part of the general movement toward a renewal of piety in central Europe in the 15th century, the devotio moderna. As a result, alongside singular representations, especially venerated in the course of liturgical or paraliturgical offices, one sees less costly reliquaries spread in private space. Appreciated in the intimate setting of convents – Franciscan and Dominican – as well as that of the daily life of the laity, these relics were used as domestic altars or as folding altars for travel. These images of religious affection constitute an artistic phenomenon of the late Middle Ages. And, several similar reliquaries known later do not guarantee a veritable continuity of the ancient model to the modern era
Die erhaltenen Überblicksdarstellungen und Spezialuntersuchungen zu den Frömmigkeitsbildern des Mittelalters haben sich niemals – im europäischen Kontext – mit der Frage derjenigen Mariendarstellungen auseinandergesetzt, die die Funktion von Tragereliquien inne hatten. Das Modell des Reliquien-Bildes – einfaches Tafel-bild, Diptychon oder Triptychon mit einer Darstellung der Jungfrau mit dem Kind, gemalt auf Holz (seltener auf Glas), umschlossen von einem breiten Rahmen, in den Reliquien (mitunter auch Edelsteine) eingefügt sind – verbreitet sich ca. ab 1420 ins-besondere auf dem Gebiet Kleinpolens. Diese polnischen Reliquiare, bekannt bis zum Beginn des 16. Jahrhunderts, können ohne Zweifel als Adaptation ikonischer und formaler Typen byzantinischer Provenienz angesehen werden, die in der Malerei des italienischen Trecento wiederinterpretiert wurden. Dabei handelt es sich vor allem um das Sieneser Model des marianischen Tragaltars, verbreitet seit den Jahren 1330-1340. Folgt man den vergleichenden Untersuchungen der erhaltenen Stücke mit Blick auf ihre übereinstimmenden Charakteristika und ihr Alter, wird das Auf-greifen eines solchen formalen Konzepts in Polen entweder direkt aus Italien oder indirekt über Böhmen wahrscheinlich.Die Ausbreitung dieser Tafel-Reliquiare, typisch für die toskanische Kunst, verbindet sich im 15. Jahrhundert in Mitteleuropa mit der umfassenden Bewegung einer Er-neuerung der Frömmigkeit, bekannt auch unter dem Namen devotio moderna. Dies führt dazu, daß neben einzelnen, vor allem im Rahmen liturgischer oder paraliturgi-scher Veranstaltungen verehrten Darstellungen, zunehmend weniger kostspielige Reliquiare auch in den privaten Raum vordringen. Gehütet sowohl in der Intimität der Klöster – franziskanisch und dominikanisch – als auch im täglichen Lebensraum der Laien, wurden sie als Hausaltäre oder auch als zusammenklappbare Reisealtäre verwendet. Diese Darstellungen religiösen Affekts stellen ein künstlerisches Phäno-men des Spätmittelalters dar. Einige der ähnlichen, allerdings später entstandenen Reliquiare garantieren allerdings keine überzeugende Kontinuität vom alten Modell hin zur Neuzeit
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Lainé, Annick. "Management coopératif et gouvernance coopérative : un trait d'union pour un développement soutenable des SCOP : analyse des pratiques de SCOP TPE-PME en Rhône Alpes." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10047.
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Ce travail de recherche doctoral a pour objet l'étude des relations entre la Gouvernance, le Management des Ressources Humaines et la Stratégie des SCOP. Ces entreprises coopératives, au projet politique originel et original, s'organisent à partir de valeurs issues du XIX ème siècle que sont la solidarité, la propriété collective inter-générationnelle et l'équité, eu égard à leur triple filiation économique, politique et sociale.L'identification de risques de tensions et d'éclatements inhérents à ce type de gouvernance hybride fait appel à un management adapté pour animer une organisation de salarié-e-s -associé-e-s majoritaires en co-responsabilité d'une organisation coopérative.Cette problématique à la croisée du terrain et de la littérature, s'inscrit dans une démarche innovante d'approche triptyque pour une méthodologie qualitative.L'analyse des pratiques et des discours recueillis auprès de gérant-e-s de 16 SCOP TPE PME de Rhône Alpes et d'animateurs du secteur coopératif a révélé d'une part des freins et des leviers et d'autre part des éléments de contingence au Développement Coopératif Soutenable des SCOP. Ces résultats ont permis l'élaboration d'un idéal type de Management Coopératif et de Développement Coopératif Soutenable complétés par le SCCORRET et la pyramide de l'équilibre coopératif, outils de gestion coopératifs proposés pour prévenir les risques de tensions individuels et collectifs et l'établissement du lien existant entre Gouvernance Coopérative-Management Coopératif et Développement CoopératifThis doctoral research aims to study the relationship between Governance, Human Resource Management and Strategy of SCOP. These co-operative enterprises have an original and innovative political project and are beneficiaries of a triple linage of economic, political & social nature. Their values which derived from the nineteenth century are of solidarity, collective inter-generational ownership and equity.The identification of risks of tension and disintegration inherent to such an hybrid form of governance calls for a adequate management to run a co-operative organisation where worker members have a majority vote in co-responsibility.This issue emerging from both the field and the literature is studied in an innovative triptych approach based on a qualitative methodology. The analysis of practices and speeches - gathered from managers of 16 micro co-operatives and small & medium co-operatives of Rhône Alpes and from leaders of the co-operative sector – has revealed, on one hand, brakes and levers and on the other hand, contingency elements to a sustainable co-operative development of SCOP.These results have allowed the development of an ideal type of co-operative management and sustainable co-operative development based on co-operative management tools designed to prevent the risk of individual and collective tensions and to strenghthen the link between co-operative governance, co-operative management and co-operative development
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Alqahtani, Abdulaziz Q. "High-Performance Polyimide Gas Separation Membranes Based on Triptycene Dianhydrides and Di-Hydroxy-Diamino-Triptycene Monomers." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/652826.
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Distillation technology involves capital- and energy-intensive processes for light olefin/paraffin separation. Global demand for propylene has already exceeded 110 million tons per year. Therefore, distillation processes used for the separation of C3H6/C3H8 should be replaced or debottlenecked with more efficient and cost-effective technology. In the last three decades, membrane-based gas separation processes have successfully emerged, thus competing with conventional separation processes.
Membranes potentially offer lower capital investment and operation cost than distillation columns. In this study, the use of advanced membrane materials for C3H6/C3H8 separation was investigated.
Three novel triptycene-based polyimides were synthesized by Dr. Bader Ghanem from one diamine monomer, namely 2,6-dihydroxy-3,7-diaminotriptycene (DTA1-OH), and three dianhydride monomers, (i) non-substituted triptycene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (TDA), (ii) 9,10-dimethyltriptycene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (TDA1) and (iii) 9,10-iso-propyltriptycene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (TDAi3). It is important to note that polyimide membranes based on triptycene dianhydrides and triptycene diamines have never been reported in the literature before.
Pure-gas permeability coefficients of He, H2, N2, O2, CO2, CH4, C3H6, and C3H8 were determined at 2 bar and 35 °C. Furthermore, C3H6 and C3H8 gas sorption isotherms were measured by gravimetric techniques, and experimental data were collected up to 7 bar at 35 °C.
TDA-DAT1-OH, TDA1-DAT1-OH, TDAi3-DAT1-OH exhibited C3H6 permeability of 12.1, 16.6, and 5.64 Barrer with pure-gas C3H6/C3H8 selectivity of 35.7, 29.6, and 32.8 respectively. These properties exceeded the 2003 pure-gas upper bound for C3H6/C3H8. The BET surface area increased in the order of TDA-DAT1-OH (437 m2/g) < TDAi3-DAT1-OH (467 m2/g) < TDA1-DAT1-OH (557 m2/g). The frecational free volume (FFV) increased in the order of TDAi3-DAT1-OH (0.25) < TDA-DAT1-OH (0.28) < TDA1-DAT1-OH (0.30).
TDA1-DAT1-OH (109 μm) showed less and slower physical aging than TDA-DAT1-OH (94 μm) after 60 days, where the O2 and CO2 permeability of both polyimides decreased by about 40% and 69%, respectively. After 30 days, TDAi3-DAT1-OH displayed the highest selectivity gain relative to its counterparts and exceeded the 2008 upper bound for CO2/CH4.
TDA1-DAT1-OH exhibited 7-fold higher C3H6 permeability coupled with almost 3-fold higher C3H6/C3H8 selectivity relative to a previously reported commercial polyphenylene oxide (PPO) membrane.
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Chen, Wenjeng, and 陳文正. "Synthesis and Properties of Triptycene-containing Polyimides." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/766w7h.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
化學工程研究所
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Two new triptycene containing bis(ether amine)s, 1,4-bis(4-aminophenoxy)triptycene (4) and 1,4-bis(4-amino-2-trifluoromethylphenoxy)- triptycene (6), were synthesized respectively from the nucleophilic chloro-displacement reactions of p-chloronitrobenzene and 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzotrifluoride with 1,4-dihydroxytriptycene in the presence of potassium carbonate, followed by palladium-catalyzed hydrazine reduction of the dinitro intermediates. The newly synthesized bis(ether amine)s were polymerized with six commercially available aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides to obtain two series of novel triptycene-based polyimides 8a-f and 9a-f by using a conventional two-step synthetic method via thermal and chemical imidization. All the resulting polyimides exhibited high enough molecular weights to permit the casting of flexible and strong films with good mechanical properties. Incorporation of trifluoromethyl groups in the polyimide backbones improves their solubility without decreasing their physical properties. Most of the polyimides derived from the fluorinated monomer 6, especially those prepared via the chemical imidization method, were soluble in aprotic polar solvents. In general, the trifluoromethyl-substituted 9 series polyimides showed a reduced color intensity, a slightly lowered glass-transition temperature (Tg), and comparable thermal stability as compared to the corresponding 8 series analogs. The fluorinated polyimides 9a-f showed high Tg in the range of 272–335 oC and did not reveal significant decomposition before 500 oC in nitrogen or in air. The fluorinated polyimides 9d and 9f derived from diamine 6 with 4,4’-oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA) and 4,4’-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA), respectively, could afford almost colorless thin films.
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UHERKOVÁ, Iveta. "Komunikace - triptych reliéfů." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-85639.
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ANOTATION My diploma thesis called ?Communication? consists of two parts ? a theoretical part and a practical part. The aim of the theoretical part is to clarify the motivational resources which strongly influenced the manipulation with the topic. This part deals with my inspiration, clarifies the reasons why I chose this topic, and it also deals with the material and the technological process until the final installation of the work. This part also consists of picture documentation, draw designs and plastic sketches. The second practical part deals with an artwork itself. The three ceramic reliefs are portraying converging horizontal lines. It is connected with a simple geometry which precisely explains the dynamics of the communication joints. The aim was to create abstract reliefs which express movement, a variety of directions, relevancy and harmony.