Relevant bibliographies by topics / Triple buffer

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Triple buffer'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Triple buffer"

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Williams, James, and Ilya Mikhelson. "Triple frame buffer FPGA implementation." HardwareX 5 (April 2019): e00064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ohx.2019.e00064.

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Pavanello, Marcelo Antonio, João Antonio Martino, Eddy Simoen, Rita Rooyackers, Nadine Collaert, and Cor Claeys. "Performance of Source Follower Buffers Implemented with Standard and Strained Triple-Gate nFinFETs." Journal of Integrated Circuits and Systems 5, no. 2 (November 21, 2010): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.29292/jics.v5i2.324.

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In this work the application of standard and strained triple-gate FinFETs in unity-gain source-follower configuration is compared. The analysis is performed by evaluating the buffer voltage gain with respect to the fin width and channel length as well as the total harmonic distortion. It is demonstrated that the application of strained material in narrow FinFETs, when the devices are operating in double-gate mode, can be beneficial for the performance of buffers in any channel length. On the other hand, for triple-gate FinFETs or quasi-planar ones the degradation of the output conductance overcomes the transconductance improvements from strained material and the performance of standard buffers is better than of strained ones. Narrow strained buffers also offer better harmonic distortion.
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Hwang, Sook Hyun, Yu Mi Park, Hoon Ha Jeon, Kyung Seok Noh, Jae Kyu Kim, Joon He Moon, Han Jung Song, Jae Young Leem, and Min Hyon Jeon. "Interrelation between Strain Relaxation and InxAl1-xAs Compositional Graded Step Buffer Layers on GaAs Substrate Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy." Solid State Phenomena 124-126 (June 2007): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.124-126.127.

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We have grown delta-doped In0.5Ga0.5As /In0.5Al0.5As heterostructures on GaAs substrate applying with InxAl1-xAs compositional graded-step buffers, called metamorphic structures, grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Three types of buffer layers with different compositional gradients and thicknesses have designed to investigate the influence of the strain relaxation process. We characterized the samples by using transmission electron microscopy, triple-axis X-ray diffraction and Hall measurement. Two samples with different compositional gradient show almost same results in electrical properties. On the other hand, it is found that samples with different step thicknesses had shown the large differences in epilayer tilt and mosaic spread in the step-graded buffers. These results indicate that there exists an interrelation between the strain-relaxed buffer and 2DEG transport properties.
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Althowibi, F. A., and J. E. Ayers. "Dynamical X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Triple-Junction Solar Cells on Germanium (001) Substrates." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 26, no. 03 (June 27, 2017): 1740011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156417400110.

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We demonstrate the dynamical x-ray diffraction analysis of metamorphic triple-junction solar cells grown on Ge (001) substrates. The solar cells investigated involve an In0.67Ga0.33P top cell, an In0.17Ga0.83As middle cell, and a Ge bottom cell. A graded buffer layer is inserted between the bottom and middle cells for the purpose of accommodating the lattice mismatch. Linearly-graded, step-graded, and S-graded compositional profiles were considered for this buffer layer. The x-ray rocking curve analysis for a number of hkl reflections including 004, 113, 116, 044, 026, and 117 was conducted for the case of Cu Kα1 radiation. We show that the use of non-destructive x-ray analysis allows determination of the threading dislocation densities in the top two cells. In the cases of S-graded or step-graded buffer layers, the buffer threading dislocation density could also be estimated.
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Maekawa, Hirotaka, Masatsugu Shoji, and Yoshiyuki Suda. "High PVCR Si/Si1−xGex DW RTD formed with new triple-layer buffer." Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 8, no. 1-3 (February 2005): 417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2004.09.053.

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DePasquale, Nicole, Steven H. Zarit, Jacqueline Mogle, Phyllis Moen, Leslie B. Hammer, and David M. Almeida. "Double- and Triple-Duty Caregiving Men: An Examination of Subjective Stress and Perceived Schedule Control." Journal of Applied Gerontology 37, no. 4 (April 1, 2016): 464–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0733464816641391.

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Based on the stress process model of family caregiving, this study examined subjective stress appraisals and perceived schedule control among men employed in the long-term care industry (workplace-only caregivers) who concurrently occupied unpaid family caregiving roles for children (double-duty child caregivers), older adults (double-duty elder caregivers), and both children and older adults (triple-duty caregivers). Survey responses from 123 men working in nursing home facilities in the United States were analyzed using multiple linear regression models. Results indicated that workplace-only and double- and triple-duty caregivers’ appraised primary stress similarly. However, several differences emerged with respect to secondary role strains, specifically work–family conflict, emotional exhaustion, and turnover intentions. Schedule control also constituted a stress buffer for double- and triple-duty caregivers, particularly among double-duty elder caregivers. These findings contribute to the scarce literature on double- and triple-duty caregiving men and have practical implications for recruitment and retention strategies in the health care industry.
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Sin, Yongkun, Stephen LaLumondiere, Brendan Foran, William Lotshaw, Steven C. Moss, Tae Wan Kim, Steven Ruder, Luke J. Mawst, and Thomas F. Kuech. "Carrier Dynamics and Defects in Bulk 1eV InGaAsNSb Materials and InGaAs Layers with MBL Grown by MOVPE for Multi-junction Solar Cells." MRS Proceedings 1493 (2013): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2012.1705.

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ABSTRACTMulti-junction III-V solar cells are based on a triple-junction design that employs a 1eV bottom junction grown on the GaAs substrate with a GaAs middle junction and a lattice-matched InGaP top junction. There are two possible approaches implementing the triple-junction design. The first approach is to utilize lattice-matched dilute nitride materials such as InGaAsN(Sb) and the second approach is to utilize lattice-mismatched InGaAs employing a metamorphic buffer layer (MBL). Both approaches have a potential to achieve high performance triple-junction solar cells. A record efficiency of 43.5% was achieved from multi-junction solar cells using the first approach [1] and the solar cells using the second approach yielded an efficiency of 41.1% [2]. We studied carrier dynamics and defects in bulk 1eV InGaAsNSb materials and InGaAs layers with MBL grown by MOVPE for multi-junction solar cells.
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Guzina, B. B., and F. Nintcheu Fata. "Axial Vibration of a Padded Annulus on a Semi-Infinite Viscoelastic Medium." Journal of Applied Mechanics 68, no. 6 (June 12, 2001): 923–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1410098.

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The vibratory punch problem for a viscoelastic half-space indented by a padded annular disk is investigated. By virtue of transform methods, the problem is formulated as a set of triple integral equations which are reducible to a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. In the formulation, the response of a thin buffer which regularizes the load transfer to the semi-infinite solid is approximated via a plane stress-type solution. A set of numerical results is included to demonstrate the effect of padding characteristics on the dynamic system response. Apart from providing an interpretation tool for the nondestructive testing methods involving buffered annular loading systems, the present solution can be used as an effective approximation to the corresponding rigid-punch problem which has so far eluded a rigorous mathematical treatment.
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Casonato, Seona. "Fruit drop in two kiwifruit varieties and the use of two Bacillus-based biofungicides." New Zealand Plant Protection 72 (July 27, 2019): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2019.72.288.

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Recently, fruit drop in two green varieties of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa; VarA and VarB) has increased towards the harvest date. The efficacy of two biofungicides, applied post-flowering, to ameliorate the effects of early fruit drop in VarA and VarB during the 2017–18 growing season was tested. Treatments were applied to a single bay, with buffer bays and rows adjacent. Treatments were two different Bacillus-based biofungicide products; Serenade® Max (a.i. B. subtilis QST713 strain) and Triple-X® (a.i. B. amyloliquefaciens BS 1b). There was an untreated control. All fruits in the canopy, within the treated bay, were counted and recorded at 4-weekly intervals, over 5 months until harvest. At the VarA site, there was no statistical difference (P>0.1) in the percentage of fruit drop between the control (7%), Triple-X® (5%) and Serenade® Max (10%) treated vines. At the VarB site, fruit drop differed statistically (P<0.1) between Triple-X® treated vines (5%) and the control (10.5%), with Serenade® Max treated vines (6.5%) having intermediate fruit drop. The use of Triple-X® may be an option to assist with reducing fruit drop in kiwifruit.
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Walker, A. W., F. Bouchard, A. H. Trojnar, and K. Hinzer. "Inverted Metamorphic III–V Triple-Junction Solar Cell with a 1 eV CuInSe2Bottom Subcell." International Journal of Photoenergy 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/913170.

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A new triple-junction solar cell (3J) design exploiting the highly absorptive I–III–VI chalcopyrite CuInSe2material is proposed as an alternative to III–V semiconductor 3J solar cells. The proposed structure consists of GaInP (1.9 eV)/Ga(In)As (1.4 eV)/CuInSe2(1 eV) which can be grown on a GaAs substrate in an inverted manner using epitaxial lift-off techniques. To lattice-match epitaxial CuInSe2to Ga(In)As, a compositionally graded buffer region composed of GaxIn1−xP is used. The modeling and simulation of the device include the effects of threading dislocations on minority carrier lifetimes in the metamorphic buffer and bottom subcell active region. Studies focus on device performance under standard testing conditions and concentrated illumination. The results are compared to a reference lattice mismatched 3J composed of GaInP (1.9 eV)/Ga(In)As (1.4 eV)/GaInAs (1 eV) and to a lattice matched 3J composed of GaInP (1.9 eV)/Ga(In)As (1.4 eV)/Ge (0.67 eV). The advantage of CuInSe2is its higher absorption coefficient, which requires only 1 μm of active material compared to 4 μm of GaInAs in the bottom subcell of the reference lattice mismatched cell. The proposed design reaches an efficiency of 32.6% under 1 sun illumination at 300 K with 105 cm−2threading dislocations and 39.6% at 750 suns.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Triple buffer"

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Palm, Emanuel. "Graphics’ Card Utility withWebGL and N-Buffering : Improving performance using N-buffer strategies with WebGL." Thesis, KTH, Data- och elektroteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-146652.

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This thesis covers the utilization of N buffers in order to reduce resource contention on an abstract WebGL machine, and subsequently freeing up machine processing time. The buffers touched are frame buffers and vertex buffers. The paper also briefly covers the purpose and function of N buffering in relation to graphics and the function of a WebGL machine, the research and production of benchmark prototypes, some relevant benchmark results, and analysis and conclusions. The conclusion is made that the use of N>1 buffering is a potentially viable strategy for increasing WebGL performance, and some theories are outlined and suggestions given for further research to be made for the resolving of how this performance gain may be improved.
Denna uppsats granskar nyttjandet av N buffrar för att minska uppkomsten av resurskonflikter på en abstrakt WebGL maskin, och således frigöra processtid på maskinen i fråga. De typer av buffrar som vidrörs är så kallade frame buffers och vertex buffers. Uppsatsen går också igenom syftet och funktionen hos N buffrar i relation till grafik och funktionen hos en WebGL maskin, förstudien kring och produktionen av prestandatest-prototyper, en del relevanta mätresultat, samt analys och slutsatser. Slutsatsen nås att nyttjandet av N>1 buffrar är en potentiellt gångbar strategi för ökandet av prestanda hos WebGL, och en del teorier presenteras och förslag ges kring ytterligare studier för attöka prestanda ytterligare.
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Ramasamy, Devaraj. "Extension of electrochemically active sites in SOFCs and SOECs." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14813.

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Doutoramento em Nanociências e Nanotecnologia
Solid oxide fuel (SOFCs) and electrolyzer (SOECs) cells have been promoted as promising technologies for the stabilization of fuel supply and usage in future green energy systems. SOFCs are devices that produce electricity by the oxidation of hydrogen or hydrocarbon fuels with high efficiency. Conversely, SOECs can offer the reverse reaction, where synthetic fuels can be generated by the input of renewable electricity. Due to this similar but inverse nature of SOFCs and SOECs, these devices have traditionally been constructed from comparable materials. Nonetheless, several limitations have hindered the entry of SOFCs and SOECs into the marketplace. One of the most debilitating is associated with chemical interreactions between cell components that can lead to poor longevities at high working temperatures and/or depleted electrochemcial performance. Normally such interreactions are countered by the introduction of thin, purely ionic conducting, buffer layers between the electrode and electrolyte interface. The objective of this thesis is to assess if possible improvements in electrode kinetics can also be obtained by modifying the transport properties of these buffer layers by the introduction of multivalent cations. The introduction of minor electronic conductivity in the surface of the electrolyte material has previously been shown to radically enhance the electrochemically active area for oxygen exchange, reducing polarization resistance losses. Hence, the current thesis aims to extend this knowledge to tailor a bi-functional buffer layer that can prevent chemical interreaction while also enhancing electrode kinetics.The thesis selects a typical scenario of an yttria stabilized zirconia electrolyte combined with a lanthanide containing oxygen electrode. Gadolinium, terbium and praseodymium doped cerium oxide materials have been investigated as potential buffer layers. The mixed ionic electronic conducting (MIEC) properties of the doped-cerium materials have been analyzed and collated. A detailed analysis is further presented of the impact of the buffer layers on the kinetics of the oxygen electrode in SOFC and SOEC devices. Special focus is made to assess for potential links between the transport properties of the buffer layer and subsequent electrode performance. The work also evaluates the electrochemical performance of different K2NiF4 structure cathodes deposited onto a peak performing Pr doped-cerium buffer layer, the influence of buffer layer thickness and the Pr content of the ceria buffer layer. It is shown that dramatic increases in electrode performance can be obtained by the introduction of MIEC buffer layers, where the best performances are shown to be offered by buffer layers of highest ambipolar conductivity. These buffer layers are also shown to continue to offer the bifunctional role to protect from unwanted chemical interactions at the electrode/electrolyte interface.
As pilhas de combustível e eletrolisadores de óxido sólido (PCOSs e EOSs) têm sido promovidas a tecnologias promissoras para estabelecer o abastecimento de combustível e sua utilização futura em sistemas de energia limpa. As PCOSs são dispositivos que produzem energia elétrica pela oxidação de combustíveis como o hidrogénio ou de hidrocarbonetos de elevada eficiência. Alternativamente, as EOSs funcionam de maneira inversa, na qual podem ser gerados combustíveis sintéticos ao fornecer energia eléctrica renovável ao sistema. É, pois, devido a esta natureza semelhante e ainda que inversa, que estes dispositivos têm sido tradicionalmente construídos a partir de materiais compatíveis. No entanto, a entrada no mercado destas tecnologias encontra-se ainda condicionada por diversos factores. Um dos mais limitantes, está associado a problemas de estabilidade química entre os constituintes da célula, que podem reduzir a longevidade a elevadas temperaturas de operação e/ou a um desempenho eletroquímico insuficiente. Normalmente, tais problemas de compatibilidade são minimizados pela introdução de uma camada de proteção muito fina constituída por um material condutor puramente iónico, na interface elétrodo/eletrólito. Deste modo, o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar se modificando as propriedades de transporte destas camadas de proteção se pode conduzir ao aumento das propriedades de cinética do elétrodo, através da introdução de catiões polivalentes. A introdução de condutividade eletrónica menor na superfície do electrólito foi anteriormente relatada apresentando uma melhoria muito considerável das zonas eletroquimicamente activas para a permuta de oxigénio, reduzindo, desta forma, as perdas de resistência de polarização.Assim, esta dissertação tem por objetivo desenvolver este conhecimento para adaptar uma camada de proteção bifuncional que consiga evitar os problemas de interação química e ao mesmo tempo aumentar a cinética dos elétrodos. Esta dissertação apresenta um cenário típico de um eletrólito à base de zircónia estabilizada com ítrio combinado com um elétrodo de oxigénio contendo lantanídeos. Foram investigados como materiais de proteção, os sistemas de céria dopada com gadolínio, térbio e praseodímio. As propriedades inerentes à condução eletrónica e iónica mista (MIEC) dos materiais dopados foram analisadas e agrupadas. Posteriormente, foi realizada uma análise detalhada sobre o impacto das camadas de proteção na cinética do elétrodo de oxigénio em dispositivos PCOS e EOS. Foi dada especial atenção às potenciais relações entre as propriedades de transporte da camada proteção e subsequente desempenho do elétrodo. O trabalho também avalia o desempenho eletroquímico de cátodos de K2NiF4 com diferentes estruturas, depositadas sobre a camada de proteção que apresentou melhor desempenho, isto é, a céria dopada com praseodímio, assim como a influência da espessura da camada e da fração de Pr presente na céria. Demonstrou-se que a introdução de camadas de proteção à base de MIECs levou a um aumento drástico no desempenho do elétrodo, nomeadamente pelos MIECs de maior condutividade ambipolar. Estas camadas de proteção utlizadas provaram ser também eficazes em manter o papel de inibidores de interactividade química na interface elétrodo/eletrólito.
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Koivula, Therese. "Production and characterisation of a chlamydial antigen candidate for vaccine trials." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Molekylär biomimetik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-451976.

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The bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is the leading cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infection worldwide. When left untreated, chlamydial infections can lead to severe complications, such as infertility. Lack in current prevention and management due to its asymptomatic course of infection highlight the need for an effective vaccine against chlamydia. There is no vaccine at present to protect against chlamydia, but research is ongoing. A research group at Örebro University has developed a protein antigen candidate. This project focused on the production of the candidate, here called Protein X, for preclinical trials. This included optimising production in Escherichia coli to maximise formation of soluble protein, optimising purification, buffer exchange and removal of His-tag. It was found that formation of soluble protein was favoured in lower expression temperatures. Furthermore, purification was performed on soluble and insoluble protein fractions using immobilised metal affinity chromatography. However, issues with inefficient binding to the resin and purity could not be solved and further optimisation is needed. Buffers were tested to find a suitable buffer for preclinical experiments, but the protein precipitated in all buffers. It was however found that protein from the insoluble fraction dissolved in pure water. Lastly, removal of the His-tag was performed with a non-enzymatic method that utilises nickel ions instead of expensive proteases. Efficient removal was however not achieved and enzymatic methods may be considered instead. In conclusion, this project highlighted issues in the production of Protein X and may guide the research group towards improving this process for efficient preclinical preparations.
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Books on the topic "Triple buffer"

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1964-, Whedon Joss, and Copyright Paperback Collection (Library of Congress), eds. The Faith trials.: A novelization. New York: Pocket Pulse, 2001.

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Laurence, James. Faith Trials. Tandem Library, 2003.

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Barton, Allen W., and Gene H. Brody. Parenting as a Buffer That Deters Discrimination and Race-Related Stressors from “Getting Under the Skin”: Theories, Findings, and Future Directions. Edited by Brenda Major, John F. Dovidio, and Bruce G. Link. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190243470.013.21.

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In this chapter, the hypothesis is explored that parenting processes buffer children’s physical health from the deleterious effects of discrimination. First, the existing empirical literature is reviewed on the stress-buffering effects of parenting on children’s physical health outcomes, with respect to the stress of general childhood adversity and the specific stressor of discrimination. Next, theoretical approaches are considered that account for the capacity of parenting to buffer contextual stressors, including discrimination, from compromising mental and physical health outcomes. Particular emphasis is given to the putative mechanisms potentially responsible for protective-stabilizing effects. Then, a critique of the extant research and theory on this topic highlights particular qualifications and considerations for the research community. Finally, suggestions are offered for future research directions, including the use of randomized prevention trials to test hypotheses about the protective functions of parenting in preventing discrimination from “getting under the skin.”
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Book chapters on the topic "Triple buffer"

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"Analysis Techniques." In DNA Fingerprinting, edited by Lorne t. Kirby. Oxford University Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780716770015.003.0009.

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Conventional DNA analysis techniques include cleavage of DNA by restriction enzymes, fragment electrophoresis, Southern transfer, probe labeling, probegenomic fragment hybridization, and print detection (Cawood 1989, Sambrook 1989, Berger 1987). Details of the assay conditions may vary considerably depending on the specific probes hybridized. Endonuclease digestion, electrophoresis, and Southern transfer are not required with simple dot-blot procedures. The quality of the final result can be no greater than the quality of the input DNA specimen and the attention of the analyst to assay details. The format of the analysis blot must be carefully considered to include control specimens and a broad range of size markers. The analyst must also be certain about the sizes of the profile fragments to accurately determine if matches exist between crime evidence and suspect specimen or offspring and putative parent specimens and to calculate the match probabilities. Restriction enzymes cleave DNA at specific recognition base sequences. It is important to choose an enzyme with sites flanking the repeats when fragments consisting of different numbers of tandem repeats are to be characterized for DNA profiling. Cleavage within a repeat sequence will result in the production of small fragments that may be unresolvable. The choice of enzyme, in this respect, is accomplished either by trial and error or by knowledge of the base sequence of the fragment flanking regions. The optimum reaction conditions vary for each enzyme; consequently, suppliers usually provide information sheets for the user. Digestion temperature and buffer salt concentration are the critical features. The reaction mixture can be overlaid with a few drops of paraffin oil to prevent vapor formation and changes in the buffer concentration. This applies mainly to enzymes such as Taq I that require high reaction temperatures (65°C in this example). Unless specifically indicated otherwise, three different strength ionic buffers will accommodate most enzymes.
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Le Roux, Joël. "Buffered Multistage Interconnection Networks: Simulations Results and Modelling Trials." In Performance of Distributed Systems and Integrated Communication Networks, 133–51. Elsevier, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-89404-5.50014-6.

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Ferraguto, Mark. "Music for a French Piano." In Beethoven 1806, 148–76. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190947187.003.0006.

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In late 1803, Beethoven acquired a new piano from the French firm of Sébastien Erard. This piano differed from the one built by Anton Walter that he owned in the late 1790s, most notably in its heavier construction, English-style action rather than the lighter Viennese action, triple stringing, four pedal stops (lute, dampers, buff, una corda), and five-and-a-half octave range from FF to c4. The piano’s influence on Beethoven’s compositional process is apparent in his Thirty-Two Variations on an Original Theme, WoO 80 (1806), a quasi-systematic exploration of piano techniques, textures, and sonorities that exploits both the capacities and limitations of the Erard.
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SantaLucia, John Jr. "The use of spectroscopic techniques in the study of DNA stability." In Spectrophotometry and Spectrofluorimetry. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199638130.003.0017.

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Accurate determination of nucleic acid thermodynamics has become increasingly important in understanding biological function as well as applications in biotechnology and pharmaceuticals. Knowledge of the thermodynamics of DNA hybridization and secondary structure formation is necessary for understanding DNA replication fidelity (1), mismatch repair efficiency (2) and the mechanism of DNA triplet repeat diseases (3). In addition, RNA folding thermodynamics are an important aspect of understanding ribozyme catalysis, as well as understanding the regulation of protein expression, mRNA stability and the mechanism of protein synthesis by the ribosome (4). With the genome sequencing era upon us (5), it will increasingly become important to predict the folding and hybridization thermodynamics of DNA and RNA, so that accurate diagnostic tests for genetic and infectious diseases can be developed. Thus, there is a need to develop a database of accurate thermodynamic parameters for different nucleic acid folding motifs (4). This chapter describes practical aspects of the application of UV absorbance temperature profiles to determine the thermodynamics of nucleic acid structural transitions. Protocols and practical advice are presented for issues not normally addressed in the primary literature but that are crucial for the determination of reliable thermodynamics, such as sequence design, sample preparation, choice of buffer, protocols for determining strand concentrations and mixing strands, design of microvolume cuvettes and cell holder, instrumental requirements, data analysis methods, and sources of error. References to the primary literature and reviews are also provided where appropriate.
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Van den Berghe, Greet, Yoo-Mee Vanwijngaerden, and Dieter Mesotten. "Insulin therapy in the intensive care unit." In Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes, 1900–1905. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199235292.003.1489.

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Critical illness triggers an acute stress response, of which the inflammatory reaction has always been in the forefront of clinical interest. Nevertheless, the changes in metabolism during acute critical illness have also been well characterized for a long time. Increased metabolic rate and release of large quantities of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids from the body’s stores result in hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, and increased protein turnover. Until recently, these metabolic changes have been deemed adaptive or even beneficial, and metabolic intervention studies have been limited. Metabolism needs to redirect energy supply to vital organs, such as the brain and the blood cells, which rely mainly on glucose as their source of energy. The mobilization of amino acids for example supports healing of wounded tissues and synthesis of acute phase proteins in the liver. Although the acute metabolic changes may have beneficial connotations, it is also well established that a prolonged stress response triggers a sustained and irreversible catabolic state, with excessive breakdown of lean body mass, which may hamper recovery (1). Until recently, blood glucose control has not been a major focus for the intensive care physician. Only in patients with known diabetes mellitus were blood glucose levels more regularly measured, and even then without a widely accepted treatment policy. Nevertheless, patients without established diabetes mellitus develop hyperglycaemia too. The practice of ‘permissive hyperglycaemia’, tolerating blood glucose levels up to 12 mmol/l (215 mg/dl) in fed critically ill patients, was considered standard care. Blood glucose concentrations of 9–11 mmol/l (160–200 mg/dl) were recommended to maximize cellular glucose uptake while avoiding hyperosmolarity, osmotic diuresis, and fluid shifts. In addition, moderate hyperglycaemia was often viewed as a buffer against hypoglycaemia-induced brain damage. Consequently, intravenous insulin infusions, and certainly clear-cut blood glucose targets, were rarely used. Nevertheless, hyperglycaemia is clearly associated with adverse outcome. Large observational studies in critically ill patients and patients with a myocardial infarction reveal a J-shaped relationship between blood glucose level and the risk of mortality. In all those studies, the lowest risk of death is when admission or mean circulating glucose levels are between 5 and 8 mmol/l (90 and 140 mg/dl). Remarkably, in patients with established diabetes mellitus prior to intensive care admission, the relationship between hyperglycaemia and mortality is significantly blunted and shifted to the right (Fig. 13.4.10.4.1). As these associations are derived from observational studies, hyperglycaemia could still either reflect an adaptive, beneficial response (‘just a marker of severity of illness’), or could actively induce complications, as in diabetes mellitus, and hereby contribute to adverse outcomes (‘cause of disease’). In order to show a causal relationship between hyperglycaemia and mortality risk, randomized controlled trials that target and achieve different blood glucose levels had to be done.
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Conference papers on the topic "Triple buffer"

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Khan, Shujjat, Donald Bailey, and Gourab Sen Gupta. "Simulation of Triple Buffer Scheme (Comparison with Double Buffering Scheme)." In 2009 Second International Conference on Computer and Electrical Engineering. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccee.2009.226.

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Maekawa, Hirotaka, Yoshihiro Sano, and Yoshiyuki Suda. "Strain-Relief Mechanisms of Stepwise Ge composition Multilayer Buffers and High PVCR Si/Si1-xGex ASDQW RTD Formed with Triple-Layer Buffer." In 2004 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2004.p8-6.

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Yamaguchi, Satoshi, Akihiko Meguro, and Yoshiyuki Suda. "Si1-xf120Gex/Si Triple-Barrier RTD with a Peak-to-Valley Ratio of ≧ 180 at RT Formed Using an Annealed Thin Multilayer Buffer." In 2001 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2001.d-10-2.

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Song, Minghui, Hu Wang, Yankai Xiong, Yuqin Sun, Chenhui Yu, Zhihao Wu, and Changqing Chen. "Influence of the base layer thickness and the graded buffer layer thickness on the conversion efficiency of a metamorphic triple-junction solar cell." In Photonics and Optoelectronics Meetings 2009, edited by Michael Grätzel, Hiroshi Amano, Chin Hsin Chen, Changqing Chen, and Peng Wang. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.845428.

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Ebert, C. W., C. L. Reynolds, P. Wellenius, J. G. Reynolds, J. F. Muth, Z. Pulwin, D. Lee, F. Lu, and D. Dyer. "Optimization of InGaAs metamorphic buffers for triple junction solar cells." In 2011 37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2011.6185995.

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Awano, Toshihiko, Takeshi Kanno, Susumu Kawakami, Hiroyoshi Ueda, and Takahiro Kimoto. "Manufacturing and Handling Techniques of the Monolithic Buffer Material for HLW Disposal." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1293.

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Abstract Small and large scale tests were performed to evaluate technical feasibility of the monolithic buffer material, defined as a large block of bentonite formed by the cold isostatic pressing, for geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste. Trial manufacturing tests up to approximately 70 [%]-scale of a Japanese disposal concept were carried out and emplacement tests were carried out by vacuum lifting and forklift-type methods for vertical and horizontal emplacement concepts, respectively. Based on the large engineering-scale tests, technical feasibility of the monolithic buffer was demonstrated.
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Yerram, Ravinder, and Balakrishnan Ponnuraj. "Gas Fuel Variability Using Buffer Volume in Aeroderivative Gas Turbines." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11090.

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Abstract General Electric (GE) DLE gas turbines typically use a Gas Chromatograph (GC) and/or a Wobbe Index Meter (WIM) to monitor changing fuel properties during operation. These conventional fuel sensors experience a significant time lag during operation, so a patented buffer volume device and a software algorithm is used to compensate for this lag and to ensure that the control system including metering valves can react to rapid fuel changes. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to design and analyze the buffer volume device that increases the time and distance taken by the gas to the metering valve. This delay provides the control system time to adjust the metering valves when the fuel transitions at the combustor to maintain gas turbine combustor stability and operation during rapid gas property changes that could otherwise result in a trip or flame-out condition. In GE’s Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Gas Fuel transfer system, the innovative buffer volume was the critical component, and this paper describes its performance in detail.
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Talpur, Shahnawaz, Shahnawaz Farhan Khahro, Amir Mahmood Soomro, and Abdul Sattar Saand. "Improving Router Efficiency in Network on Chip Triplet-Based Hierarchical Interconnection Network with Shared Buffer Design." In 2014 5th International Conference on Intelligent Systems, Modelling and Simulation (ISMS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isms.2014.95.

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Palanisamy, Barath, and Brian Paul. "Ultrasound Induced Synthesis of CdS Nanocrystals Under Continuous Flow." In ASME 2013 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 41st North American Manufacturing Research Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2013-1225.

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Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles generally exhibit quantum confinement effects when the particle size is less than 10 nm and approaches the Bohr exciton radius. It is a widely used buffer material in solar cells owing to its wide band transmission of solar light and hence used as a window layer in photovoltaic devices. Sonochemical synthesis permits the rapid heating of reactant baths by acoustic cavitation leading to high local temperatures. In this research, results from batch trials for heating and synthesis are reported. These results were used to design experiments for the continuous synthesis of CdS nanoparticles using a sonochemical reactor consisting of a flow cell and a high intensity horn. By utilizing the continuous synthesis approach a more than hundred fold reduction in processing time over batch synthesis for similar product was reported.
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Choi, Kyung-Sik, Keun-Mok Kim, Jinho Ko, and Sang-Gug Lee. "A 5 dBm 30.6% Efficiency 915 MHz Transmitter with $210\ \mu \mathrm{W}$ ULP PLL Employing Frequency Tripler and Digitally Controlled Duty/Phase Calibration Buffer." In 2020 IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference (A-SSCC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/a-sscc48613.2020.9336141.

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