Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Trip mode'
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1
Ye, Xin. "An exploration of the relationship between mode choice and complexity of trip chaining patterns." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000417.
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Mousavi, Amir. "A novel method for trip generation estimation using a prominent land use as a case study." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/98263/1/Amir_Mousavi_Thesis.pdf.
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This research provided a new method for modelling development’s traffic generation for each mode of transport by considering trip chaining effects utilising urban form and socio-demographic related indicators in a suburb scale. Estimating traffic generation by using this method shows better performance compared to the conventional methods for traffic generation estimation. The methodology of this research can be transferred to other transport modelling endeavours and the variables can be used as transport attributes in other traffic and transport-related studies. This method will also contribute to saving considerable time and budget in terms of providing data related to trip generation.
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Shalaby, Amer Saïd. "Investigating mode split for the work trip, role of relative level of service and interaction with mobility dimensions." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq28303.pdf.
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Maggio, Edward. "Access to public transportation : an exploration of the National Household Travel Survey appended data." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001836.
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Lachman, Michael A. "Benchmarking a Transit System on Time-Constrained Trip Chain Access: A Comparative GIS Analysis of Two University Towns." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1483613270824226.
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Cabrera, Delgado Jorge. "Quelle prise en compte des dynamiques urbaines dans la prévision de la demande de transport ?" Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00877044.
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Dans la pratique de la planification urbaine, la prévision de la demande de transport fait en général appel au modèle à quatre étapes (génération, distribution, répartition modale et affectation), malgré des avancées théoriques considérables dans le domaine.Cette persistance s'explique par une facilité relative de mise en œuvre, liée notamment à la forme des données disponibles et susceptibles d'alimenter les modèles. Cependant, la nature statique de l'approche pose des interrogations quant à sa pertinence pour faire des prévisions de moyen-long terme. Cette thèse étudie, la validité de l'hypothèse de stabilité temporelle des trois premières étapes du modèle de prévision. Pour ce faire, en prenant l'agglomération lyonnaise comme terrain d'étude, nous avons codifié des réseaux routiers et de transports en commun à différentes dates (1985, 1995 et 2006). Cette donne, généralement indisponible, combinée aux enquêtes ménages déplacements correspondantes,nous permet de calibrer les trois premières étapes du modèle traditionnel et de tester leur capacité prédictive. Pour les modèles de génération, on note des prévisions acceptables à un horizon de 10 ans. À 20 ans, certaines évolutions dans les styles de vie se sont traduites paru ne baisse du nombre moyen de sorties pour le motif travail, que les modèles traditionnels ne permettent pas de prévoir complètement. Au niveau de la distribution, l'allongement des distances entre lieux de réalisation de certaines activités et le lieu de domicile peut être relativement bien reproduit par des modèles gravitaires avec des paramètres stables dans le temps. Au niveau de la répartition modale, les paramètres ne sont pas stables et les modèles estimés n'auraient pas permis de prévoir le regain de parts de marché des transports en commun observé ces dernières années.
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LIU, RUI. "Travel Diary Semantics Enrichment of Trajectoriesbased on Trajectory Similarity Measures." Thesis, KTH, Geoinformatik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-221426.
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Trajectory data is playing an increasingly important role in our daily lives, as well as in commercial applications and scientific research. With the rapid development andpopularity of GPS, people can locate themselves in real time. Therefore, the users’behavior information can be collected by analyzing their GPS trajectory data, so as topredict their new trajectories’ destinations, ways of travelling and even thetransportation mode they use, which forms a complete personal travel diary. The taskin this thesis is to implement travel diary semantics enrichment of user’s trajectoriesbased on the historical labeled data of the user and trajectory similarity measures.Specially, this dissertation studies the following tasks: Firstly, trip segmentationconcerns detecting the trips from trajectory which is an unbounded sequence oftimestamp locations of the user. This means that it is important to detect the stops,moves and trips of the user between two consecutive stops. In this thesis, a heuristicrule is used to identify the stops. Secondly, tripleg segmentation concerns identifyingthe location / time instances between two triplegs where / when a user changesbetween transport modes in the user's trajectory, also called makes transport modetransitions. Finally, mode inference concerns identifying travel mode for each tripleg.Specially, steps 2 and 3 are both based on the same trajectory similarity measure andproject the information from the matched similar trip trajectory onto the unlabeled triptrajectory. The empirical evaluation of these three tasks is based on real word data set(contains 4240 trips and 5451 triplegs with 14 travel modes for 206 users using oneweek study period) and the experiment performance (including trends, coverage andaccuracy) are evaluated and accuracy is around 25% for trip segmentation; accuracyvaries between 50% and 55% for tripleg segmentation; for mode inference, it isbetween 55% and 60%. Moreover, accuracy is higher for longer trips than shortertrips, probably because people have more mode choices in short distance trips (likemoped, bus and car), which makes the measure more confused and the accuracy canbe increased by nearly 10% with the help of reverse trip identifiable, because it makesa trip have more similar historical trips and increases the probability that a newunlabeled trip can be matched based on its historical trips.
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Kölbl, Robert Johann. "A bio-physical model of trip generation/trip distribution." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326306.
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Wittek, Dorothee [Verfasser], Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Bogenberger, Klaus Gutachter] Bogenberger, and Rolf [Gutachter] [Moeckel. "Pre-trip Information Systems and Mode Choice Modelling in the Era of On-demand Mobility Services / Dorothee Wittek ; Gutachter: Klaus Bogenberger, Rolf Moeckel ; Akademischer Betreuer: Klaus Bogenberger ; Universität der Bundeswehr München, Fakultät für Bauingenieurwesen und Umweltwissenschaften." Neubiberg : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität der Bundeswehr München, 2020. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:706-6604.
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Wittek, Dorothee [Verfasser], Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Bogenberger, Klaus [Gutachter] Bogenberger, and Rolf [Gutachter] Moeckel. "Pre-trip Information Systems and Mode Choice Modelling in the Era of On-demand Mobility Services / Dorothee Wittek ; Gutachter: Klaus Bogenberger, Rolf Moeckel ; Akademischer Betreuer: Klaus Bogenberger ; Universität der Bundeswehr München, Fakultät für Bauingenieurwesen und Umweltwissenschaften." Neubiberg : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität der Bundeswehr München, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1214612482/34.
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Hettel, Thomas. "Model round-trip engineering." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/32082/1/Thomas_Hettel_Thesis.pdf.
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In the quest for shorter time-to-market, higher quality and reduced cost, model-driven software development has emerged as a promising approach to software engineering. The central idea is to promote models to first-class citizens in the development process. Starting from a set of very abstract models in the early stage of the development, they are refined into more concrete models and finally, as a last step, into code. As early phases of development focus on different concepts compared to later stages, various modelling languages are employed to most accurately capture the concepts and relations under discussion. In light of this refinement process, translating between modelling languages becomes a time-consuming and error-prone necessity. This is remedied by model transformations providing support for reusing and automating recurring translation efforts. These transformations typically can only be used to translate a source model into a target model, but not vice versa. This poses a problem if the target model is subject to change. In this case the models get out of sync and therefore do not constitute a coherent description of the software system anymore, leading to erroneous results in later stages. This is a serious threat to the promised benefits of quality, cost-saving, and time-to-market. Therefore, providing a means to restore synchronisation after changes to models is crucial if the model-driven vision is to be realised. This process of reflecting changes made to a target model back to the source model is commonly known as Round-Trip Engineering (RTE). While there are a number of approaches to this problem, they impose restrictions on the nature of the model transformation. Typically, in order for a transformation to be reversed, for every change to the target model there must be exactly one change to the source model. While this makes synchronisation relatively “easy”, it is ill-suited for many practically relevant transformations as they do not have this one-to-one character. To overcome these issues and to provide a more general approach to RTE, this thesis puts forward an approach in two stages. First, a formal understanding of model synchronisation on the basis of non-injective transformations (where a number of different source models can correspond to the same target model) is established. Second, detailed techniques are devised that allow the implementation of this understanding of synchronisation. A formal underpinning for these techniques is drawn from abductive logic reasoning, which allows the inference of explanations from an observation in the context of a background theory. As non-injective transformations are the subject of this research, there might be a number of changes to the source model that all equally reflect a certain target model change. To help guide the procedure in finding “good” source changes, model metrics and heuristics are investigated. Combining abductive reasoning with best-first search and a “suitable” heuristic enables efficient computation of a number of “good” source changes. With this procedure Round-Trip Engineering of non-injective transformations can be supported.
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Hazel, G. McL. "A disaggregate trip generation model for the strategic planning control of private car trips to large foodstores." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3596.
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This thesis sets out to provide a model for the
calculation of private car trips to large foodstores based
on local area household characteristics. It recognises
the weakness in predicting private-car trips to large
stores using trip-rates obtained from surveys of stores in
other areas. The trip generation model that is sought
must be easily applied and must use readily accessible
data. It is proposed therefore that a relationship be
sought between private- car trips to the stores and the
household characteristics, obtainable from census data, of
the local catchment area. The model thus obtained would
be used for strategic planning control.
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Hosoda, Takamichi 1965. "Incorporating unobservable heterogeneity in discrete choice model : mode choice model for shopping trips." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9498.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-95).
In this thesis, we propose a methodology for incorporating attitudinal data in a choice model to capture unobservable heterogeneity across the population. The key features of this approach are, 1) the concept of latent attitudes, and the assumption that 2) the respondent's answers to psychometric attitudinal questions relating to the importance of attributes are manifestations of these attitudes and that 3) those attitudinal data bring sufficient information to capture unobservable heterogeneity across the population in the context of choice behavior. Each individual is probabilistically assigned to a finite number of segments according to his/her own value of latent attitudinal variable(s) as well as to threshold parameter(s) common to the population. Segment-specific parameters are estimated simultaneously. An empirical case study on shopping trip mode choice demonstrates the effectiveness of the methodology.
by Takamichi Hosoda.
S.M.
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Tapkin, Serkan. "A Recommended Neural Trip Distributon Model." Phd thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/663807/index.pdf.
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In this dissertation, it is aimed to develop an approach for the trip distribution
element which is one of the important phases of four-step travel demand modelling.
The trip distribution problem using back-propagation artificial neural networks has
been researched in a limited number of studies and, in a critically evaluated study it
has been concluded that the artificial neural networks underperform when compared
to the traditional models. The underperformance of back-propagation artificial
neural networks appears to be due to the thresholding the linearly combined inputs
from the input layer in the hidden layer as well as thresholding the linearly combined
outputs from the hidden layer in the output layer. In the proposed neural trip
distribution model, it is attempted not to threshold the linearly combined outputs
from the hidden layer in the output layer. Thus, in this approach, linearly combined
iv
inputs are activated in the hidden layer as in most neural networks and the neuron in
the output layer is used as a summation unit in contrast to other neural networks.
When this developed neural trip distribution model is compared with various
approaches as modular, gravity and back-propagation neural models, it has been
found that reliable trip distribution predictions are obtained.
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Ed-douibi, Hamza. "Model-driven round-trip engineering of REST APIs." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667111.
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Les API web s'han convertit cada vegada més en un actiu clau per a les empreses, que n'han promogut la implementació i la integració en les seves activitats quotidianes. A la pràctica, la majoria d'aquestes API web són "REST-like", que significa que s'adhereixen parcialment a l'estil arquitectònic conegut com transferència d'estat representacional ('representational state transfer', REST en anglés). De fet, REST és un paradigma de disseny i no proposa cap estàndard. Com a conseqüència, tant desenvolupar com consumir API REST són tasques difícils i costoses per als proveïdors i clients de l'API. L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és facilitar el disseny, la implementació, la composició i el consum de les API REST, basant-se en tècniques d'enginyeria dirigida per models ('model-driven engineering', MDE en anglés). Aquesta tesi proposa les contribucions següents: EMF-REST, APIDiscoverer, APITester, APIGenerator, i APIComposer. Aquestes contribucions constitueixen un ecosistema que avança l'estat de la qüestió al camp de l'enginyeria de programari automàtica per al desenvolupament i el consum de les API REST.Las API Web se han convertido en una pieza fundamental para un gran número de compañías, que han promovido su implementación e integración en las actividades cotidianas del negocio. En la práctica, estas API Web son "REST-like", lo que significa que se adhieren parcialmente al estilo arquitectónico conocido como transferencia de estado representacional ('representational state transfer', REST en inglés). De hecho, REST es un paradigma de diseño y no propone ningún estándar. Por ello, tanto el desarrollo como el consumo de API REST son tareas difíciles y que demandan mucho tiempo de los proveedores y los clientes de API. El objetivo de esta tesis es facilitar el diseño, la implementación, la composición y el consumo de API REST, apoyándose en el desarrollo de software dirigido por modelos (DSDM). Esta tesis propone las siguientes contribuciones: EMF-REST, APIDiscoverer, APITester, APIGenerator y APIComposer. Estas contribuciones constituyen un ecosistema que avanza el estado de la cuestión en el área de la ingeniería del software referida a la automatización de las tareas relacionadas con el desarrollo y consumo de API REST.
Web APIs have become an increasingly key asset for businesses, and their implementation and integration in companies' daily activities has thus been on the rise. In practice, most of these Web APIs are "REST-like", meaning that they adhere partially to the Representational State Transfer (REST) architectural style. In fact, REST is a design paradigm and does not propose any standard, so developing and consuming REST APIs end up being challenging and time-consuming tasks for API providers and clients. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to facilitate the design, implementation, composition and consumption of REST APIs by relying on Model-Driven Engineering (MDE). Likewise, it offers the following contributions: EMF-REST, APIDiscoverer, APITester, APIGenerator and APIComposer. Together, these contributions make up an ecosystem which advances the state of the art of automated software engineering for REST APIs.
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Al-Ogaili, Farah F. "Incorporating Environmental Factors into Trip Planning." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1508196014262712.
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Kim, Nam Seok. "Trip generation model for pedestrians based on NHTS 2001." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2838.
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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Shrewsbury, John Stephen. "Calibration of trip distribution by generalised linear models." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Civil and Natuaral Resources Engineering, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7685.
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Generalised linear models (GLMs) provide a flexible and sound basis for calibrating gravity models for trip distribution, for a wide range of deterrence functions (from steps to splines), with K factors and geographic segmentation. The Tanner function fitted Wellington Transport Strategy Model data as well as more complex functions and was insensitive to the formulation of intrazonal and external costs. Weighting from variable expansion factors and interpretation of the deviance under sparsity are addressed.
An observed trip matrix is disaggregated and fitted at the household, person and trip levels with consistent results. Hierarchical GLMs (HGLMs) are formulated to fit mixed logit models, but were unable to reproduce the coefficients of simple nested logit models.
Geospatial analysis by HGLM showed no evidence of spatial error patterns, either as random K factors or as correlations between them. Equivalence with hierarchical mode choice, duality with trip distribution, regularisation, lorelograms, and the modifiable areal unit problem are considered.
Trip distribution is calibrated from aggregate data by the MVESTM matrix estimation package, incorporating period and direction factors in the intercepts. Counts across four screenlines showed a significance similar to a thousand-household travel survey. Calibration was possible only in conjuction with trip end data. Criteria for validation against screenline counts were met, but only if allowance was made for error in the trip end data.
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Seifert, Mirko. "Designing Round-Trip Systems by Change Propagation and Model Partitioning." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-71098.
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Software development processes incorporate a variety of different artifacts (e.g., source code, models, and documentation). For multiple reasons the data that is contained in these artifacts does expose some degree of redundancy. Ensuring global consistency across artifacts during all stages in the development of software systems is required, because inconsistent artifacts can yield to failures. Ensuring consistency can be either achieved by reducing the amount of redundancy or by synchronizing the information that is shared across multiple artifacts. The discipline of software engineering that addresses these problems is called Round-Trip Engineering (RTE).
In this thesis we present a conceptual framework for the design RTE systems. This framework delivers precise definitions for essential terms in the context of RTE and a process that can be used to address new RTE applications. The main idea of the framework is to partition models into parts that require synchronization - skeletons - and parts that do not - clothings. Once such a partitioning is obtained, the relations between the elements of the skeletons determine whether a deterministic RTE system can be built. If not, manual decisions may be required by developers. Based on this conceptual framework, two concrete approaches to RTE are presented.
The first one - Backpropagation-based RTE - employs change translation, traceability and synchronization fitness functions to allow for synchronization of artifacts that are connected by non-injective transformations. The second approach - Role-based Tool Integration - provides means to avoid redundancy. To do so, a novel tool design method that relies on role modeling is presented. Tool integration is then performed by the creation of role bindings between role models.
In addition to the two concrete approaches to RTE, which form the main contributions of the thesis, we investigate the creation of bridges between technical spaces. We consider these bridges as an essential prerequisite for performing logical synchronization between artifacts. Also, the feasibility of semantic web technologies is a subject of the thesis, because the specification of synchronization rules was identified as a blocking factor during our problem analysis.
The thesis is complemented by an evaluation of all presented RTE approaches in different scenarios. Based on this evaluation, the strengths and weaknesses of the approaches are identified. Also, the practical feasibility of our approaches is confirmed w.r.t. the presented RTE applications.
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Tringides, Constantinos A. "Alternative formulations of joint model systems of departure time choice and mode choice for non-work trips." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000240.
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Lindström, Agnes, and Frida Persson. "Estimation of Hourly Origin Destination Trip Matrices for a Model of Norrköping." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-150135.
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During the last century, the number of car users has increased as an effect of the increasing population growth. To manage the environmental and infrastructural challenges that comes with a more congested traffic network, traffic planning has become of higher importance to analyze the current traffic state and to predict future capacity challenges and effects of investments. These analysis and evaluations are commonly performed in different traffic analysis tools, where updated and realistic traffic demand needs to be provided to ensure reasonable results. In this thesis, a macroscopic model of Norrköping municipality constructed in the traffic demand modelling software Visum and a daily Origin-Destination(OD)-matrix is considered. The goal of this thesis is to produce a method that modify the current daily demand matrix into hourly demand matrices, called hourly target matrices, that represents a typical weekday. The goal is also to implement and evaluate the OD-estimation algorithm Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation (SPSA) to obtain updated and valid demand matrices for the network model of Norrköping. The method of dividing the daily demand matrix into hourly target matrices is based on the paper by Spiess %26 Suter (1990). The method makes use of the available daily trip purpose matrices combined with hourly link flow observations from 96 links in a multiple linear regression model to obtain 24 hourly demand matrices. The resulting matrices are compared with the link flow observations and has different levels of R^2-fit, the maximum fit is 85.79 % and the minimum fit is 55.89 %. The average R^2-value is 72 %. The OD-estimation based on SPSA is performed on the AM and PM peak hours. The algorithm is implemented in Python scripts that are called from Visum where the traffic assignments is calculated. The result is an increase in R^2-value since the link flow difference between estimated and observed link flow is decreased. In total, the estimated link flows are improved by 7.4 % in the AM peak hour and 15.6 % in the PM peak hour. The total absolute change in OD-demand is 3 871 trips for AM peak hour and 6 452 trips for the PM peak hour. The estimated OD-matrices are evaluated by qualitatively visualizing the difference in heat maps and in the quantitative measure structural similarity index. The result is no major structural change from the hourly target matrices which verifies that the information used when the target matrices is produced still is considered. The total demand increased in both hours, with 505 respectively 2 431 trips and flows in some OD-pairs has a very high percental change. This was restricted by adding a penalty term to the SPSA-algorithm on the PM peak hour. The result of penalized SPSA is a much less increase of total demand as well as less percental change of the OD-flows. Though, this to a cost of not decreasing the link flow difference in the same magnitude.
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Chirumamilla, Kiranmai. "Discrete--continuous model of household vehicle ownership and trip generation a thesis presented to the faculty of the Graduate School, Tennessee Technological University /." Click to access online, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=43&did=1679683611&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=6&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1254149430&clientId=28564.
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An, Meiwu. "INTEGRATION OF THE REGRESSION-BASED LAND USE MODEL AND THE COMBINED TRIP DISTRIBUTION-ASSIGNMENT TRANSPORTATION MODEL." UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/796.
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Regional growth caused the emergence of traffic congestion and pollution in the past few decades, which have started to affect small urban areas. These problems are not only related to transportation system design but also to land use planning. There has been growing recognition that the relationship between land use and transportation needs to be understood and analyzed in a consistent and systematic way. Integrated urban models have recently been introduced and implemented in several metropolitan areas to systematically examine the relationship between land use and transportation. The general consensus in the field of integrated urban models is that each model has its own limitations and assumptions because they are each designed for different application purposes. This dissertation proposes a new type of methodology to integrate the regression-based land use model and the combined trip distribution-assignment transportation model that can be applied to both metropolitan areas and small urban areas.
The proposed integrated land use and transportation model framework has three components: the regression-based land use model, the combined trip distributionassignment transportation model, and the interaction between these two models. The combined trip distribution-assignment model framework provides the platform to simultaneously integrate the transportation model with the land use model. The land use model is developed using an easy-to-implement method in terms of correlation and regression analysis.
The interaction between the land use model and the transportation model is examined by two model frameworks: feedback model framework and simultaneous model framework. The feedback model framework solves the land use model and the transportation model iteratively. The simultaneous model framework brings the land use model and the transportation models into one optimization program after introducing the used path set. Both the feedback model and the simultaneous model can be solved to estimate link flow, origin-destination (OD) trips, and household distribution with the results satisfying network equilibrium conditions.
The proposed integrated model framework has an “affordable and easy-toimplement” land use model; it can be performed in small urban areas with limited resources. The model applications show that using the proposed integrated model framework can help decision-makers and planners in preparing for the future of their communities.
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Morgan, Douglas Guy. "Development of a logit choice model of trip generation for the City of Calgary." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0018/MQ49699.pdf.
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Tam, Yiu-Ming. "A tri-mode sigma-delta modulator for wireless receivers /." View abstract or full-text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ELEC%202003%20TAM.
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Hedström, Marie, and Johanna Johansson. "Development of a forecast model for public transport trips in smaller cities." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-121683.
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It has become more important for operators to be able to predict the future number of public transport passengers when consider to place a tender for operating public transport in a city or region, this is due to the new types of operator contracts was introduced quite recently. There are models in use today that can predict this, but they are often time consuming and complex and therefore it can be expensive to perform a forecast. Aside from this, most models in use for Sweden today are adapted for larger cities. Thus, the aim of this thesis is to propose a model that requires minimal input data with a short set up and execution time that can be used to predict a forecast for the public transport system in smaller cities without notably affecting the quality of the result. The developed model is based on a forecast model called LuTrans, which in turn is based on a common method, the four step model. The aim of the model lies within public transportation but it also consider other modes. The input data used by the model mainly consists of socio-economic data, the travel time and distance between all the zones in the network. The model also considers the cost for traveling by car or public transport. The developed model was applied to the Swedish city, Örebro, where a forecast was conducted for a future scenario. It is easily to apply the model to different cities to estimate a forecast for the public transport system. The developed model for the base scenario predicts trips for individual bus lines with an accuracy of 85 % for the city of Örebro. The developed model gave the result that the trips made by public transport in the future scenario of Örebro 2025 will increase annually by 0.94 %. The conclusion is that it is possible to develop a simple model that can be easily applied for a desired city. Although the developed model produced a plausible result for Örebro, further work such as implementation on other cities are required in order to fully evaluate the developed model.
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Bilen, Oytun Peksel. "Advanced Model of Acoustic Trim; Effect on NTF Accuracy." Thesis, KTH, MWL Marcus Wallenberg Laboratoriet, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-77768.
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Jiao, Xihe. "A new travel demand model for outdoor recreation trips." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/285006.
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Travel to outdoor recreational spaces belongs to a general class of research questions for understanding destination and travel mode choices. In travel demand modelling, discrete choice models (DCMs) have been applied to understand and predict a wide range of choices, such as how people choose among alternative destinations for jobs, homes, shopping, personal services etc. Surprisingly, DCMs have rarely been used to understand and model travel to outdoor recreational spaces. In the current literature for modelling travel to outdoor recreational spaces, the established models are Negative Binomial Regression (NBR) models, such as what was used in the UK NEA studies. However, these NBR models were developed to assess the effects of travel to outdoor recreational spaces at a national level, and they are not intended for assessing choices of individual sites. One reason for this is, as identified by previous studies, is that compared with the DCMs, the NBR models have certain limits on estimating people's choice behaviours. There is, therefore, no existing model that can represent and predict how people choose to travel to outdoor recreational spaces. Given the importance of outdoor recreational activities to urban land use planning and public health, this is a clear gap in the field. The aim of this study is to develop a new travel demand model capable of representing and predicting travel to individual outdoor recreational sites. This is achieved by answering four main research questions: First, how to build the new model for outdoor recreational travel? Secondly, is the estimation accurate enough? Thirdly, to what extent can the new model be transferred to destinations outside the case study area? And, finally, how can city planners and designers use this new method? The new model draws upon ideas from random utility theory that underlies the conventional travel demand models to represent trip generation, trip distribution and mode choice. This research follows the standard modelling procedure: data collection and preliminary analysis, model calibration, model validation and model application. The data are collated from a wide range of sources that, importantly for model transferability, cover all areas in England. The new model has been calibrated for a case study area which spanned 14 selected districts in the North-West region. Validation of the new model is based on estimating the numbers of trips to two outdoor recreational sites (Wigg Island and Wigan Flashes) and to nine English National Parks where data on visitor trips exist. In the final stage of the research, the new model is applied to estimate the changes that would arise from planning and design interventions in existing (Wigg Island and Moore Nature Reserve) and proposed (Arpley Country Park) sites. At the end of this process, it is possible to show that the new model can predict the number of trips to individual destinations and that the model can be transferred to other outdoor recreation sites. Furthermore, the new model presented here is capable of predicting the changes in the volume and catchment of visits to an existing green space after land use planning or urban ecological interventions. This is a completely new theoretical model that is focused on understanding and quantifying the travel choices to outdoor recreation sites, which can inform decision makers by forecasting changes in outdoor recreational travel demand, according to different planning scenarios.
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Riviello, Luca. "Rotorcraft trim by a neural model-predictive auto-pilot." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04142005-203616/unrestricted/riviello%5Fluca%5F200505%5Fmast.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. S.)--Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005.Bottasso, Carlo, Committee Chair ; Hodges, Dewey, Committee Member ; Bauchau, Olivier, Committee Member. Includes bibliographical references.
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Unal, Leyla. "Modeling Of Freight Transportation On Turkish Highways." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610783/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Transportation planners are often faced with the problem of estimating passenger and freight flows between regions. In the literature there are many models for passenger flows. However, models about freight flows are more limited. Modeling freight flow is also more complex than modeling passenger flow and there are many agents related with freight flows. In addition, data availability is a critical factor. In this research, freight flows between provinces in Türkiye are forecasted by demand analysis. Transportation is one of the important activities of human beings and plays an important role for spatial interactions in economic growth. In other words, there is a very strong linkage between economic growth and the freight flow, thus transportation demand. Regional trade as spatial flow appears on transportation systems as freight flows. In this study, using the existing limited data and surveys in Tü
rkiye, nationwide origin-destination (O-D) matrix of freight flows between provinces is obtained. Using this empirical matrix, the generation of freight flows of provinces is formulated depending on the socioeconomic and demographic variables by means of multiple linear regression analysis. In addition, interactions of freight flows between provinces and economic growth of regions are investigated. The generations and attractions of provinces as freight flow are distributed between provinces with traditional gravity model. By comparing observed O-D matrix and simulated O-D matrix, gravity model is calibrated. Calibration is also performed by freight trip length distribution. In this research, two steps of traditional &ldquo
four-step analysis&rdquo
, &ldquo
trip generation&rdquo
and &ldquo
trip distribution&rdquo
, are applied to develop nationwide freight demand model between the provinces in Tü
rkiye. The developed model is single-mode, single commodity and nationwide.
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Holmquist, Melody L. "Using native mass spectrometry to study the role of homo-oligomeric proteins in gene regulation by using TRAP as a model protein system." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1595571760595304.
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Kasiri, Afsaneh. "A Model for Travel Behavior of Employee in terms of Employee-based Trip Reduction in Sweden." Thesis, KTH, Trafik och logistik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-159012.
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Friedenauer, Axel. "Simulation of the Quantum Ising Model in an Ion Trap." Diss., lmu, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-115958.
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Ciccozzi, Federico. "From Models to Code and Back : A Round-trip Approach for Model-driven Engineering of Embedded Systems." Doctoral thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Inbyggda system, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-23270.
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The complexity of modern systems is continuously growing, thus demanding novel powerful development approaches.In this direction, model-driven and component-based software engineering have reached the status of promising paradigms for the development of complex systems. Moreover, in the embedded domain, their combination is believed to be helpful in handling the ever-increasing complexity of such systems.However, in order for them and their combination to definitively break through at industrial level, code generated from models through model transformations should preserve system properties modelled at design level. This research work focuses on aiding the preservation of system properties throughout the entire development process across different abstraction levels. Towards this goal, we provide the possibility of analysing and preserving system properties through a development chain constituted of three steps: (i) generation of code from system models, (ii) execution and analysis of generated code, and (iii) back-propagation of analysis results to system models.With the introduction of steps (ii) and (iii), properties that are hard to predict at modelling level are compared with runtime values and this consequently allows the developer to work exclusively at modelling level thus focusing on optimising system models with the help of those values.Denna doktorsavhandling presenterar nya och förbättrade tekniker för modelldriven och komponentbaserad utveckling av programvara. Syftet är att bevara systemegenskaper, som specificerats i modeller, genom de olika stadierna av utvecklingen och när modeller översätts mellan olika abstraktionsnivåer och till kod. Vi introducerar möjligheter att studera och bevara systemets egenskaper genom att skapa en kedja i tre steg som: (i) genererar kod från systemmodellen, (ii) exekverar och analyserar den genererade koden och (iii) slutligen återkopplar analysvärden till systemmodellen. Introduktionen av steg (ii) och (iii) gör det möjligt att genomföra en detaljerad analys av egenskaper som är svåra, eller till och med omöjliga, att studera med hjälp av endast systemmodeller. Fördelen med det här tillvägagångssättet är att det förenklar för utvecklaren som slipper arbeta direkt med kod för att ändra systemegenskaper. Istället kan utvecklaren arbeta helt och hållet med modeller och fokusera på optimering av systemmodeller med hjälp av analysvärden från testkörningar av systemet. Vi är övertygade om att denna typ av teknik är nödvändig att utveckla för att stödja modelldriven utveckling av programvara eftersom dagens tekniker inte möjliggör för systemutvecklare att specificera, analysera och optimera systemegenskaper på modellnivå.
La continua crescita in complessitá dei sistemi software moderni porta alla necessitá di definire nuovi e piú efficaci approcci di sviluppo. In questa direzione, metodi basati su modelli (model-driven engineering) e componenti (component-based software engineering) sono stati riconosciuti come promettenti nuove alternative per lo sviluppo di sistemi complessi. Inoltre l'interazione tra loro é ritenuta particolarmente vantaggiosa nella gestione nello sviluppo di sistemi integrati. Affinché questi approcci, cosí come la loro interazione, possano definitivamente prendere piede in campo industriale, il codice generato dai modelli tramite apposite transformazioni deve essere in grado di preservare le proprietá di sistema, sia funzionali che extra-funzionali, definite nei modelli. Il lavoro di ricerca presentato in questa tesi di dottorato si focalizza sul preservamento delle proprietá di sistema nell'intero processo di sviluppo e attraverso i diversi livelli di astrazione. Il risultato principale é rappresentato da un approccio automatico di round-trip engineering in grado di sostenere il preservamento delle proprietá di sistema attraverso: 1) generazione automatica di codice, 2) monitoraggio e analisi dell'esecuzione del codice generate su piattaforme specifiche, e 3) offrendo la possibilitá di propagare verticalmente i risultati da runtime al livello di modellazione. In questo modo, quelle proprietá che possono essere stimate staticamente solo in maniera approssimativa, vengono valutate in rapporto ai valori ottenuti a runtime. Ció permette di ottimizzare il sistema a livello di design attraverso i modelli, piuttosto che manualmente a livello di codice, per assicurare il preservamento degli proprietá di sistema d'interesse.
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Pathni, Charu. "Round-trip engineering concept for hierarchical UML models in AUTOSAR-based safety projects." Master's thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-187153.
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Product development process begins at a very abstract level of understanding the requirements. The data needs to be passed on the next phase of development. This happens after every stage for further development and finally a product is made. This thesis deals with the data exchange process of software development process in specific. The problem lies in handling of data in terms of redundancy and versions of the data to be handled. Also, once data passed on to next stage, the ability to exchange it in reveres order is not existent in evident forms. The results found during this thesis discusses the solutions for the problem by getting all the data at same level, in terms of its format. Having the concept ready, provides an opportunity to use this data based on our requirements. In this research, the problem of data consistency, data verification is dealt with. This data is used during the development and data merging from various sources. The concept that is formulated can be expanded to a wide variety of applications with respect to development process. If the process involves exchange of data - scalability and generalization are the main foundation concepts that are contained within the concept.
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Gronow, Joana Verfasser], Frank [Akademischer Betreuer] [Sönnichsen, and Ulrich [Gutachter] Lüning. "Structural Stabilization of α-Helical Antifreeze Protein Variants Using the Trp-cage Protein / Joana Gronow ; Gutachter: Ulrich Lüning ; Betreuer: Frank D. Sönnichsen." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2020. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:8-mods-2020-00047-1.
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Silva, Denise Capasso da. "Violence, security perception and mode choice on trips to and from a university campus." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18144/tde-04102017-153723/.
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This dissertation addresses the validation of the hypothesis there is a general sense that violence and security perception influence the use of sustainable travel modes. The research characterizes the issue of security perception among University of São Paulo (Brazil) users and identifies the way the sense of security and violence occurrences are related to the travel mode choice. An online survey on security perception and the way its participants access the campus was conducted. The target relationships were explored by Decision Tree (DT) algorithms. An initial exploratory analysis revealed occurrences of violence and reports of insecurity perception were strongly correlated on streets around the campus. The time analysis of violence distribution presented the incidents concentrated at night and during the week. The study also showed that security perception variation according to gender and travel mode choice is less sensitive to security perception than to the occurrence of violence, or type of affiliation to the university. Finally, DT algorithms explored the relation of spatially treated variables (i.e. route length to the university, density of violence occurrences and insecurity reports on the route) to mode choice. The results also showed that distance to the campus was relevant to the mode choice only in routes not strongly considered unsafe. In routes of higher insecurity perception, the share of nonmotorized modes was more expressive and the largest participation of sustainable modes was on routes with high incidence of violence. Since it is counterintuitive to assume numerous walking trips are a consequence of violence, the opposite was considered as a possible explanation to those results. The present study reinforces the need for increased surveillance in regions with high participation of non-motorized modes, for preventing users from shifting to motorized modes.Esta dissertação busca comprovar a hipótese de que a violência e a percepção de segurança influenciam o uso de modos de transporte sustentáveis. A pesquisa caracteriza a questão da percepção de segurança entre os usuários da Universidade de São Paulo (Brasil), em São Carlos, e identifica como o sentimento de segurança pessoal e a violência estão relacionados com a escolha do modo de viagem. Foi realizada uma pesquisa on-line sobre a percepção de segurança dos usuários da universidade e a forma como eles acessam o campus. As interações foram exploradas por algoritmos de Árvore de Decisão (AD). Uma análise exploratória inicial mostrou que ocorrências de violência e relatos de insegurança estavam fortemente correlacionados nos trechos de via ao redor do campus. A análise temporal da distribuição da violência apresentou os incidentes concentrados à noite e durante os dias de semana. Além disso, a pesquisa mostrou que a percepção de segurança variou de acordo com o gênero e a escolha modal é menos sensível à percepção de segurança do que a ocorrência de violência, ou vinculação com a universidade. Por fim, os algoritmos de AD foram executados para explorar a relação das variáveis tratadas espacialmente (ou seja, o comprimento da rota até o campus, além da densidade de ocorrências e relatos de insegurança na rota) com a escolha modal. O último resultado obtido na análise foi que a distância até a universidade era relevante para a escolha modal apenas em rotas onde não há numerosos relatos de insegurança. A participação dos modos não motorizados foi mais expressiva nas rotas com maior percepção de insegurança, e em rotas com alta incidência de violência. Como não é razoável supor que mais viagens a pé são uma consequência dos roubos e sim o oposto, o estudo reforça a importância de aumentar a segurança nas regiões de alta incidência de viagens não motorizadas, de forma a não incentivar a migração destes usuários para modos motorizados.
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Barchietto, Thierry. "Mode d'action d'un anti-oomycète, l'acide phosphonique, métabolite actif du tris-o-éthylphosphonate d'aluminium." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112202.
Full textAbstract:
L'ion phosphonate, métabolite actif du tris-O-éthylphosphonate d'aluminium (phoséthyl-Al) composé systémique anti-Oomycète, est absorbé activement par le mycélium des champignons. Son absorption est due à l'opération simultanée de deux systèmes de transport, l'un à faible affinité et l'autre à forte affinité pour l'anion. Le phosphate est un inhibiteur compétitif partiel du transport du phosphonate. En revanche, l'AOA n'interfère pas avec le transport de l'oxyanion par le mycélium de Phytophthora cryptogea. La toxicité sélective du phosphonate à l'encontre de champignons appartenant à des classes différentes (Ascomycètes et Oomycètes), à des espèces de Phytophthora différentes ou à des isolats et mutants de P. Citrophthora n'est pas due à une modification de leur capacité à absorber l'oxyanion. Le phosphonate accroît l'activité d'une oxydo-réductase NAD⁺ dépendante chez Nectria haematococca, assurant son oxydation en phosphate. Le phosphonate est chez P. Citrophthora, incorporé dans les acides nucléiques, les protéines, les lipides et la paroi. La participation de ces composés à l'effet fongistatique de l'anion est discutée. La biosynthèse de l'ADN, des ARNs et des protéines chez P. Citrophthora n'est pas inhibée par le phosphonate. La réduction simultanée de la métabolisation de l'acétate [U-¹⁴C] et de l'activité respiratoire semble indiquer que cet anion agit au niveau d'une étape métabolique commune à ces deux processus. En revanche, la présence du phosphonate provoque très rapidement la mise en place d'un état physiologique assimilable à une carence en phosphate. Le traitement de P. Cryptogea par le phosphonate entraîne une hyperproduction dans les filtrats de culture de ce champignon de composé(s) inducteur(s) de résistance, actifs sur les tissus de Vigna unguiculata. La relation existant entre la mise en place d'un état de carence en phosphate et la production de composé(s) inducteur(s) de résistance par le champignon est discutéePhosphonate ion, the active breakdown product in plant tissues of the systemic anti-Oomycete compound aluminium tris-O-ethylphosphonate (fosetyl-Al), is actively taken up by the mycelium of various fungi. Uptake is due to the simultaneous operation of two transport systems, one of low- and one of high-affinity for the anion. Phosphate is a partial competitive inhibitor with respect to phosphonate uptake. However, AOA does not interfere with the uptake of the oxyanion by the mycelium of Phytophthora cryptogea. The selective toxicity of phosphonate towards fungi belonging to various classes (Ascomycetes and Oomycetes), different Phytophthora species or isolates and mutants of P. Citrophthora is not related to the modification of their ability to take up the anion. Phosphonate enhances the NAD⁺ oxido-reductase activity in Nectria haematococca, which oxidizes this compound into phosphate. Phosphonate is incorporated into nudeic acids, proteins, lipids and cell wall in P. Citrophthora. The intervention of these compounds in the fongitoxicity of the anion is discussed. Phosphonate does not inhibit DNA, RNAs and proteins biosynthesis in P. Citrophthora. Simultaneous reduction of the [U-¹⁴C] acetate metabolization and respiratory activity suggests that phosphonate acts on a metabolic step common of both processes. Moreover, phosphonate rapidly induces a physiological state similar to a phosphate deficiency. Treatment of P. Cryptogea with phosphonate leads to the overproduction in the culture filtrates of resistance-inducing factor(s) active on Vigna unguiculata tissues. The relationship between the production of resistance-inducing factor(s) by fungus and the phosphate deficiency is discussed
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Kovalev, Alexander. "Thermodynamisch-mechanische Modellierung der verformungsinduzierten α‘‑Martensitbildung in austenitischen Cr-Mn-Ni-Stählen." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-191486.
Full textAbstract:
Die verformungsinduzierten Phasenumwandlungen und die Zwillingsbildung wurden in drei metastabilen austenitischen Cr-Mn-Ni-Stählen mit unterschiedlichem Nickelgehalt im breiten Temperaturbereich untersucht. Die entwickelten STU- und DTU-Diagramme fassen die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse zusammen und charakterisieren die verformungsinduzierten Gefügeänderungsprozesse in Abhängigkeit von der Spannung und der Temperatur. Die thermodynamischen Berechnungen bestätigen die Unterschiede in der chemischen Triebkraft für die Martensitumwandlung zwischen den Stählen und erklären unterschiedliches Werkstoffverhalten. Ein thermodynamisch-mechanisches Modell der verformungsinduzierten α‘-Martensitbildung wurde entwickelt. Der maximale α‘-Martensitanteil wird als Funktion der Gesamttriebkraft und der Temperatur mit einer guten Genauigkeit beschrieben. Des Weiteren wurde ein Modell der Umwandlungsplastizität mit Berücksichtigung der Plastizitätsverringerung infolge der isothermen oder spannungsinduzierten Martensitbildung entwickelt. Außerdem wurde der Einfluss von Mikroseigerungen auf die verformungsinduzierte Martensitbildung anhand drei Modellstähle untersucht und bestätigt.
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Sung, Wang-Kyung. "High-frequency tri-axial resonant gyroscopes." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52936.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation reports on the design and implementation of a high-frequency, tri-axial capacitive resonant gyroscopes integrated on a single chip. The components that construct tri-axial rotation sensing consist of a yaw, a pitch and a roll device. The yaw-rate gyroscope has a wide bandwidth and a large full-scale range, and operates at a mode-matched condition with DC polarization voltage of 10V without frequency tuning requirement. The large bandwidth of 3kHz and expected full-scale range over 30,000˚/sec make the device exhibit fast rate response for rapid motion sensing application. For the pitch-and-roll rate sensing, an in-plane drive-mode and two orthogonal out-of-plane sense-modes are employed. The rotation-rate sensing from lateral axes is performed by mode-matching the in-plane drive-mode with out-of-plane sense-modes to detect Coriolis-force induced deflection of the resonant mass. To compensate process variations and thickness deviations in the employed silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates, large electrostatic frequency tunings of both the drive and sense modes are realized. A revised high aspect ratio combined polysilicon and silicon (HARPSS) process is developed to resolve the Coriolis response that exists toward out-of-plane direction while drive-mode exists on in-plane, and tune individual frequencies with minimal interference to unintended modes. To conclude and overcome the performance limitation, design optimization of high-frequency tri-axial gyroscopes is suggested. Q-factor enhancement through reduction of thermoelastic damping (TED) and optimizations of physical dimensions are suggested for the yaw disk gyroscope. For the pitch-and-roll gyroscope, scaling property of physical dimension and its subsequent performance enhancement are analyzed.
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André, Thierry. "Contrôle actif de la transition laminaire-turbulent en écoulement hypersonique." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2022/document.
Full textAbstract:
Lors d’un vol hypersonique (Mach 6, 20 km d’altitude) la couche limite se développant sur l’avant-corps d’un véhicule hypersonique est laminaire. Cet état cause un désamorçage du moteur (statoréacteur) assurant la propulsion du véhicule. Pour pallier ce problème, il faut forcer la transition de la couche limite á l’aide d’un dispositif de contrôle dont l’effet est permanent (passif) ou modulable (actif) pendant le vol. Dans ce travail, nous analysons l’efficacité d’un dispositif actif d’injection d’air á la paroi pour forcer la transition de la couche limite sur un avant-corps générique. L’interaction jet d’air/couche limite est simulée numériquement avec une approche aux grandes échelles (LES). Une étude paramétrique sur la pression d’injection permet de quantifier l’efficacité du jet á déstabiliser la couche limite. L’influence des conditions de vol (altitude, Mach) sur la transition est également étudiée. Une analyse des résultats de simulation par Décomposition en Modes Dynamiques (DMD) est menée pour comprendre quels sont les modes dynamiques responsables de la transition et les mécanismes sous-jacents. Des essais dans la soufflerie silencieuse de l’université de Purdue (BAM6QT) ont été effectués pour tester expérimentalement l’efficacité des dispositifs passifs (rugosité isolée en forme de losange) et actifs (mono-injection d’air) pour faire transitionner la couche limite. Une peinture thermo-sensible et des capteurs de pression (PCB, Kulite) ont été utilisés pour déterminer la nature de la couche limite. Les résultats de ce travail montrent qu’une injection sonique suffit pour forcer la couche limite. On observe des essais, que pour une même hauteur de pénétration, les rugosités isolées sont moins efficaces que les jets (mono injection) pour déstabiliser la couche limiteDuring a hypersonic flight (Mach 6, 20 km altitude), the boundary layer developing on the forebody of a vehicle is laminar. This state may destabilize the scramjet engine propelling the vehicle. To overcome this problem during the flight, the boundary layer transition has to be forced using a control device whose effect is fixed (passive) or adjustable (active). In this work, we analyze the efficiency of a jet in crossflow in forcing the boundary layer transition on a generic forebody. The flow is computed with a Large Eddy Simulations (LES) approach. A parametric study of the injection pressure allows the efficiency of the jet in tripping the boundary layer to be quantified. The influence of flight conditions (Mach, altitude) on the transition is also studied. Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) is applied to the simulation results to determine the transition leading to dynamic modes and to understand underlying transition mechanisms. Experiments in the Purdue University quiet wind tunnel (BAM6QT) were performed to quantify the efficiency of a passive transition device (diamond roughnesses) and an active transition device (single air jet) in tripping the boundary layer. A thermo-sensitive paint and pressure transducers (Kulite, PCB) were used to determine the state of the boundary layer on the generic forebody. Experimental and numerical results show a sonic injection is sufficient to induce transition. We observe from the experiments that for the same penetration height, a single roughness is less efficient than a single air jet in destabilizing the boundary layer
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Tam, Yee-wah, and 譚漪樺. "Factors influencing the choice of mode for trips to and from Chek Lap Kok Airport." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42574857.
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Tam, Yee-wah. "Factors influencing the choice of mode for trips to and from Chek Lap Kok Airport." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42574857.
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Chouchane, Mnaouar. "Application of a dynamic stall model to rotor trim and aeroelastic response." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/12368.
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Tyagi, Vipin. "A non-continuum approach to obtain a macroscopic model for the flow of traffic." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5913.
Full textAbstract:
Existing macroscopic models for the flow of traffic treat traffic as a continuum or
employ techniques similar to those used in the kinetic theory of gases. Spurious two-
way propagation of disturbances that are physically unacceptable are predicted by
continuum models for the flow of traffic. The number of vehicles in a typical section
of a freeway does not justify traffic being treated as a continuum. It is also important
to recognize that the basic premises of kinetic theory are not appropriate for the flow
of traffic. A model for the flow of traffic that does not treat traffic as a continuum
or use notions from kinetic theory is developed in this dissertation and corroborated
with traffic data collected from the sensors deployed on US 183 freeway in Austin,
Texas, USA.
The flow of traffic exhibits distinct characteristics under different conditions and
reflects the congestion during peak hours and relatively free motion during off-peak
hours. This requires one to use different governing equations to describe the diverse
traffic characteristics, namely the different traffic flow regimes of response. Such
an approach has been followed in this dissertation. An observer based on extended
Kalman filtering technique has been utilized for the purpose of estimating the traffic state. Historical traffic data has been used for model calibration. The estimated
model parameters have consistent values for different traffic conditions. These esti-
mated model parameters are then subsequently used for estimation of the state of
traffic in real-time.
A short-term traffic state forecasting approach, based on the non-continuum
traffic model, which incorporates weighted historical and real-time traffic information
has been developed. A methodology for predicting trip travel time based on this
approach has also been developed. Ten and fifteen minute predictions for traffic state
and trip travel time seem to agree well with the traffic data collected on US 183.
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Day, Nicholas. "The Joint Modelling of Trip Timing and Mode Choice." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/17161.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis jointly models the 24 hour work trip timing and mode choice decisions of commuters in the Greater Toronto Area. A discrete-continuous specification, with a multinomial logit model for mode choice and an accelerated time hazard model for trip timing, is used to allow for unrestricted correlation between these two fundamental decisions. Statistically significant correlations are found between mode choice and trip timing for work journeys with expected differences between modes. Furthermore, the joint models have a wide range of policy sensitive statistically significant parameters of intuitive sign and magnitude, revealing expected differences between workers of different occupation groups. Furthermore, the estimated models have a high degree of fit to observed cumulative departure and arrival time distribution functions and to observed mode choices. Finally, sensitivity tests have demonstrated that the model is capable of capturing peak spreading in response to increasing auto congestion.
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Yeh, Yi-Yun, and 葉宜昀. "Modeling Mode Choice Behaviors under Various Trip Lengths." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/j7h5pk.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
運輸與物流管理學系
105
Mode choice behaviors may be significantly different for various trip lengths, and it is important for government to understand travellers’ preference of mode before they try to fomulate policies. Based on this, this study aims to examine the effect of fare rate and trip length on mode choice behaviors in Taipei metropolitan. To do so, this study first defines the model specification, including the adopted models and potential explanatory variables based on a systematic literature review. Then, this study designs questionnaire and survey plan to conduct a large-scale survey. To highlight the direct and compound effects of trip length on mode choice behaviors, various forms of trip length variables such as (1)TL/TC, (2), (3)dummy or continuous variable of TL, are attempted and compared. Multinomial logit model (MNL) and nested logit models (NL) with various nested structures are then estimated. Accroding to the estimated NL model, there are strong correlation among mode alternatives of car and motorcycle, as well as MRT, MRT+Bus and MRT+others. The estimation results show female, older, high educated travelers tent to less choose motorcycles; while, high income with driving license, more number of cars owned and number of minors in the household, prefer using cars. Based on model estimation results, this study analyzes mode shares that the higest mode share of motorcycle by most trip lengths, and it decrease by increasing trip length. On the contrary, mode shares of bus, car and MRT increase by increasing trip length, when trip length under 8 kilometers, the mode share of bus is the highest of the three; if over 8 kilometers, the mode share of MRT is the highest of the three. Finally, this study evaluates the changes in mode shares with four different distance-based fare schemes, and fare scheme 1 is the best for bus distance-based fare which can improve more usage of bus and decrease usage of private transportation.
48
Chen, Wen-Yang, and 陳文揚. "Dynamic Multiple Mode Selection and Trip Assignment Model for Intelligent Transportation Systems." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92118283028141193419.
Full textAbstract:
碩士義守大學
土木與生態工程學系碩士班
96
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) provide traveler travel information which makes travel mode selection and trip assignment more dynamic. This research applies Multi-modal Advanced Public Transit System Trip Assignment Model(TAM-MAPTS) and Dynamic Traffic Assignment In Wide Area Network (DynaTAIWAN) for each trip. So the travel path for both systems can be obtained. Cost functions are then applied to calculate travel cost, so travel costs for both systems can then compared by using the minimum path cost theory to decide the travel mode. This process completes a Dynamic Multiple Mode Selection and Trip Assignment Model (DynaMMSTAM). A simplified Kaohsiung City multi-modal network adopting smooth, moderate and congestive traffic volume is simulated by using DynaMMSTAM. The analysis result shows that four demand types of switching models are found. Variation of the travel time is not the only affecting factor for modal selection. Trip routing is also the major factor for the transport mode change. The travel time and cost for personal transport increases when the traffic volume rises. Relatively, travelers tend to use the public transit systems. Under the congestive situation, the volume of switching traffic can reach the extend of 17.1%. It also causes up to 6.1% of total travel cost saving. It even causes 36.5% of average travel cost saving for switching traveler. Based of the switching results, three modal switching types including a private modal dominate, a public transit dominate, and a trip changing typical.
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蔡知微. "Impacts of Pre-trip Information on Mode Choice and Trip Chain Planning--A Case Study of the Weekend Leisure Trips between Taipei and Yilan." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/uyjr44.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
運輸與物流管理學系
105
Leisure trips substantially increase on weekends on Freeway No. 5 in recent years, and make the hsuehshan tunnel clog. People usually consider mode and trip chain choices simultaneously when they plan their leisure trips. And they may be affected by the pre-trip information. The study aims to understand the impact of pre-trip information on the travel behavior. A data from Taipei citizens with stated preference was conducted to modeling the multinomial logit and nested logit model. The result shows that if people get the information, the chance they choose the public transit will increase. Different type and content of the information cause the different effect. The effect of the advise is better than the descriptive information. Taipei citizens are more sensitive to travel time than travel cost. The simulation shows that if the Yilan’s government improves local traffic and provides the information at the same time, the effect of changing the mode choice will better.
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Burgess, Aaron W. "Determining trip and travel mode from GPS and accelerometer data." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/10793.
Full textAbstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)The use of Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and/or accelerometers to identify trips and transportation modes such as walking, running, bicycling or motorized transportation has been an active goal in multiple disciplines such as Transportation Engineering, Computer Science, Informatics and Public Health. The purpose of this study was to review existing methods that determined trip and travel mode from raw Global Positioning System (GPS) and accelerometer data, and test a select group of these methods. The study had three specific aims: (1) Create a systematic review of existing literature that explored various methods for determining trip and travel mode from GPS and/or accelerometer data, (2) Collect a convenience sample of subjects who were assigned a GPS and accelerometer unit to wear while performing and logging travel bouts consisting of walking, running, bicycling and driving, (3) Replicate selected method designs extracted from the systematic review (aim 1) and use subject data (aim 2) to compare the methods. The results were be used to examine which methods are effective for various modes of travel.