Journal articles on the topic 'Trip mode feasibility'
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Abdelwahab, Walid M., J. David Innes, and Albert M. Stevens. "Development of disaggregate mode choice models of intercity travel in Canada." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 19, no. 6 (December 1, 1992): 965–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l92-115.
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This paper reports and discusses the results of an effort to develop disaggregate behavioral mode choice models of intercity travel in Canada. Currently available data bases of intercity travel in Canada are reviewed. The feasibility of using data from national travel surveys to develop statistically reliable intercity mode choice models is examined, and directions for future disaggregate data collection efforts are offered. The models developed are of the multinomial logit (MNL) type which included all intercity passenger travel modes: auto, air, bus, and rail. For purposes of estimation, the travel market was segmented by trip length (short, long); trip purpose (business, recreational); and geographical location of the trip (east, west). Then, a separate model was estimated in each sector. The models were estimated using the data collected by Statistics Canada as a part of the Labor Force Survey (The Canadian Travel Survey, CTS). The quality of the calibrated models varied from one region to another and from one travel sector to another. Overall, the models were reasonably accurate in predicting modal shares of the most frequently used modes (auto and air). The underrepresentation of the bus and rail modes in the data sets led to a deterioration in the performance of the models in predicting market shares of these two modes. More specifically, the predictive ability of the models measured by the likelihood ratio index varied from a low of 0.58 in the short travel sector to a high of 0.94 in the long travel sector. The transferability of the models described in this study was recently examined by Abdelwahab (1991). Key words: mode choice, disaggregate, travel behavior, multinomial logit, intercity, data base.
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Lu, Ming, Hai Zhu, Xia Luo, and Lei Lei. "Intercity Travel Demand Analysis Model." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 6 (January 1, 2014): 108180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/108180.
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It is well known that intercity travel is an important component of travel demand which belongs to short distance corridor travel. The conventional four-step method is no longer suitable for short distance corridor travel demand analysis for the time spent on urban traffic has a great impact on traveler's main mode choice. To solve this problem, the author studied the existing intercity travel demand analysis model, then improved it based on the study, and finally established a combined model of main mode choice and access mode choice. At last, an integrated multilevel nested logit model structure system was built. The model system includes trip generation, destination choice, and mode-route choice based on multinomial logit model, and it achieved linkage and feedback of each part through logsum variable. This model was applied in Shenzhen intercity railway passenger demand forecast in 2010 as a case study. As a result, the forecast results were consistent with the actuality. The model's correctness and feasibility were verified.
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Jeon, Gyo Seok, Kyu Jin Lee, Woohyun Chung, and Keechoo Choi. "A Methodology for Defining the Study Impact Area Using Mode Diversion Trip Rate in Rail Infrastructure Feasibility Study." Journal of Korean Society of Transportation 30, no. 6 (December 31, 2012): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7470/jkst.2012.30.6.081.
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Al-Atawi, Attiyah. "Sustainable travel modes in Saudi Arabia: is there a potential for formal car-sharing scheme?" World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development 13, no. 1 (January 4, 2016): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjstsd-10-2015-0052.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the actual demand on formal car-sharing scheme in Saudi Arabia as a means of public modes of transport in order to assess the potential future of this mode in Saudi Arabia as a policy measure. Design/methodology/approach – In this context, this paper investigates the potential feasibility of introducing formal car-sharing scheme as a means of public modes of transport in Tabuk city. Investigation of the characteristics of trip makers, which impact on the decision of selecting the currently available informal car-sharing as a mode of travel, is presented. The paper investigates the factors which affect the decisions of car-sharing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia using the household survey data. Discrete choice modelling techniques have been adopted in this research to investigate behaviour and attitudes to car-sharing and the binary logit model has been utilised. Findings – From the results, in the case of Tabuk, the main factor in selection of the transport mode is the social role, and specifically the role inside the family. Results showed that about 49 per cent of total respondents drive to work, while about 20 per cent reported that they use car-sharing. About 8 per cent of respondents reported that they use a private driver, while other 8 per cent reported that they use a contracted driver. Originality/value – Investigation of the potential of introducing formal car-sharing scheme in Saudi Arabia as a means of public modes of transport in Saudi Arabia which is a more sustainable mode of transport.
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Gehrke, Steven R., and Kelly J. Clifton. "An activity-related land use mix construct and its connection to pedestrian travel." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 46, no. 1 (January 27, 2017): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808317690157.
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Integrating a diverse set of land use types within a neighborhood is a central tenet of smart growth policy. Over a generation of urban planning research has heralded the transportation, land use, and public health benefits arising from a balanced supply of local land uses, including the improved feasibility for pedestrian travel. However, land use mixing has largely remained a transportation-land use planning goal without a conceptually valid set of environmental indicators quantifying this multifaceted spatial phenomenon. In this study, we incorporated activity-based transportation planning and landscape ecology theory within a confirmatory factor analysis framework to introduce a land use mix construct indicative of the paired landscape pattern aspects of composition and configuration. We found that our activity-related land use mix measure, and not the commonly adopted entropy-based index, predicted walk mode choice and home-based walk trip frequency when operationalized at three geographic scales.
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Gao, Jianjie, Yongli Wang, and Junchao Zhou. "A Study on Two-stage Selection Model of Tourism Destination at the Scale of Urban Agglomerations." Archives of Transport 63, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.0020.
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Considering that the demand of tourism destination is variable on the scale of urban agglomeration, the selection process of travel destination is divided into two stages. The traditional transportation combination model based on the multinomial Logit cannot reflect this characteristic. And it is the lack of consideration of the influence of travel distribution and the dynamic transfer of passenger flow between various transport routes. Therefore, this thesis established a combination model of travel demand distribution and transportation assignment with two-stage terminal selection characteristics based on the nested Logit. Based on the analysis of tourists' trip process on the scale of urban agglomeration, a tourist flow transport network with travel destination nest structure is constructed. The generalized cost impedance function of transportation route is constructed based on the direct cost of transportation mode and the indirect cost of travel time. Based on the characteristics of two-stage destination selection of tourists, the form of travel distribution function of tourist flow is given. Through the first-order optimization conditions, it proved that the volume of travel distribution and tourism passenger transport assignment can meet the two-stage equilibrium conditions in the equilibrium state. Based on the idea of MSA algorithm, it designed the solution algorithm of the model and verified the feasibility of the model and algorithm in a simplified example. The calculation results show that the two-stage equilibrium assignment model proposed in this paper can obtain the volume of travel distribution and transportation assignment at the same time, meanwhile compared with the multinomial logit model, the nested Logit structure fully considers the attraction measure of the city destination and the scenic spot destination, which is more in line with the choice behavior of the tourists when choosing the transportation route. Thus, it provides a new comparable method for the optimal allocation of tourism passenger flow transport network resources on the scale of urban agglomeration, and can provide data support for the transportation organization plans of government decision-making departments and tourism transport enterprises.
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Peters, Roland, Felix Kunz, Nicolas Kruse, and Rüdiger-A. Eichel. "Development of a 10/40 Kw Rsoc Demonstration System." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 50 (October 9, 2022): 2497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02502497mtgabs.
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Scientific Approach In the last decade, work on the development of a reversible Solid Oxide Cell (rSOC) technology has been greatly intensified because it can contribute to the storage and the reconversion of electricity from regenerative energy sources. In this context, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH first examined the feasibility in a thermodynamic analysis. Here, Frank et al. [1] show that electrical efficiencies of 67% in fuel cell mode and 76% in electrolysis mode can be achieved when such a system is operated with a 70 bar hydrogen storage. This corresponds to a round-trip efficiency of more than 50%. Based on these results, an rSOC system demonstrator with a nominal power of 10 kWel in fuel cell mode and 40 kWel in electrolysis mode was developed. The attached figure shows the simplified system flow diagram. The Integrated Module (IM) is the main component of the rSOC system and consists of four Jülich 20-layer sub stacks in combination with an air and a fuel heat exchanger. Also, five electrically operated heating plates are located within the module to heat up the system from ambient temperature to operating temperature and to support endothermal electrolysis operation. The supporting balance of plant components (BoP) are arranged in the direct vicinity of the IM in order to achieve the most compact layout possible. To be able to classify the efficiency results listed below, the calculation method for the fuel cell efficiency is shown in equation (1), for the electrolysis efficiency in equation (2) and for the power consumption of the BoP in equation (3). 𝜼_(𝐹𝐶, 𝑆𝑦𝑠, 𝐴𝐶) = (𝑈_𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑘 ∙ 𝐼_𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑘 ∙ 𝜂_𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 − ∑𝑃_(𝐵𝑜𝑃, 𝐴𝐶))/(𝑛_(𝐻2, 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑖𝑛) ∙ [𝐿𝐻𝑉]_𝐻2 ) (1) 𝞰_(𝐸𝐿, 𝑆𝑦𝑠, 𝐴𝐶) = (𝑛_(𝐻2, 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑) ∙ [𝐿𝐻𝑉]_𝐻2)/((𝑈_𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑘 ∙ 𝐼_𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑘)/𝞰_𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑟 + ∑𝑃_(𝐵𝑜𝑃, 𝐴𝐶)) (2) ∑𝑃_(𝐵𝑜𝑃, 𝐴𝐶) = 𝑃_(𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝.) + 𝑃_(𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑝ℎ𝑟. 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝.) + 𝑃_(ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠) + 𝑃_(𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙 𝑠𝑦𝑠.) + 𝑃_(𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟) (3) System operation was started on 06/01/2021. After a short commissioning phase, stationary power points were approached for both operating modes, fuel cell and electrolysis. In fuel cell mode, a power range from 1.7 kWel to 13 kWel could be shown. At the operating point of 500 mA cm-2 with a system fuel gas utilization of 98%, a system output of 10.3 kWel with a maximum efficiency of 63.3% could be achieved. In the case of electrolysis, a system output of - 49.6 kWel with a system efficiency of 71.1% was measured with a steam utilization of 80%. Outlook In the future it is planned to implement new methods of the stack temperature control based on artificial neural networks. After a successful implementation, realistic load profiles are developed and examined during the system operation. As further development work in the area of SOC system technology, it is planned to investigate combinations with storage on the electrical and gas side, heat recuperation for district heating application as well as further demonstration projects in the area of co-electrolysis with corresponding upstream integration of different CO2 sources and downstream integration of synthesis technologies for the generation of chemicals and e-fuels. Acknowledgement The authors would like to thank their colleagues at Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH for their great support and the Helmholtz Society, the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research as well as the Ministry of Culture and Science of the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia for financing these activities as part of the Living Lab Energy Campus. References Frank M, Deja R, Peters R, Blum L, Stolten D. Bypassing renewable variability with a reversible solid oxide cell plant. Applied Energy. 2018; 217:101-12. Figure 1
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Wang, Ying, and Kuan Min Chen. "Trip-Generation Forecasting Model Based on Entropy of Land-Use Mixing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 738-739 (March 2015): 479–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.738-739.479.
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This study aimed to modify the traditional method of trip-generation by investigating the relation between trip generation and land use. Based on the interaction between urban land-use sorts and trip generation, the trip generation weights among different urban land-use sorts are determined by multiple regression analysis. Given full consideration of the land-use mixing degree, the entropy of traffic-zone-land-use mixing was calculated. An improved trip-generation model based on the entropy of land-use mixing was proposed by analyzing the relationship between trip-generation weight and land-use mixing degree. This method was tested through applying it to Xi’an urban trip generation forecasting. The result of the test shows that this method effectively illustrates the correlation between trip-generation demand and land-use mix sort, and has a better application prospect due to simple calculation, high reliability and feasibility.
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Dwivedi, Abhishek, and Rakesh Verma. "A Feasibility Study of Public Transport of Panna City Madhya Pradesh." Journal of Transportation Systems 7, no. 2 (June 3, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/jots.2022.v07i02.001.
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Public transport refers to the transport that is used by the public like bus, auto, van, etc. for travelling at various locations. Public transport makes the travel very safe and comfortable and easily a number of the public can travel at the same time which helps to reduce traffic congestion in the city. This research paper consists of a study and analysis of public transport in the Panna city Madhya Pradesh. The analysis is done with the help of a questionnaire made for road interview survey and after that modeling is done for trip attraction and production and trips produced by each household by regression method and gravity model of trip generation and the public route is proposed for travelling inside the city after analysis with this a feasibility of public transport is made for Panna city.
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Wang, Zi-jia, Jing-qi Li, Jiang-yue Wu, and Zhi-gang Yang. "Demand Analysis and Distribution of Single-Trip Ticket Cards for Urban Rail Transit." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (July 7, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5605479.
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In the current urban rail transit systems, nearly 15% of passengers are noncommuter travelers who use single-trip ticket cards (ticket cards). Accordingly, the effective management of ticket cards is of great importance. This article suggests a time series model for use in predicting ticket card storage based on the characteristics of ticket cards collected by an automatic fare collection (AFC) system. The distribution cycle, station types, and distribution volume of each station are also determined. Then, drawing on small package transportation feasibility theory, an unbalanced distribution model between production and demand (unbalanced distribution model), as well as a hybrid distribution model of loading and unloading (hybrid distribution model), is established. Application of these models to the Beijing Subway system is used to verify the efficiency and feasibility of such a hybrid distribution model. The analysis and results offer insights into usage patterns of urban rail transit ticket cards, providing solid evidence for a relative decision-making process.
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Liao, Chengwu, Chao Chen, Suiming Guo, Zhu Wang, Yaxiao Liu, Ke Xu, and Daqing Zhang. "Wheels Know Why You Travel." Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 6, no. 1 (March 29, 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3517239.
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Trip purpose - i.e., why people travel - is an important yet challenging research topic in travel behavior analysis. Generally, the key to this problem is understanding the activity semantics from trip contexts. However, most existing methods rely on passengers' sensitive information - e.g., daily travel log or home address from surveys - to achieve accurate results, and could thus be hardly applied in real-life scenarios. In this paper, we aim to predict the passenger's trip purpose in the scenarios of door-to-door ride services (e.g., taxi trips) by only using the vehicle's GPS trajectory on roads, for which "wheels" is used as a metaphor. Specifically, we propose a novel dual-attention graph embedding model based on the vehicle's trajectory and public POI check-in data. Firstly, both data are aggregated to augment the activity semantics of trip contexts, including the spatiotemporal context and POI contexts at the origin and destination, which are important clues. Based on that, graph attention networks and soft-attention are employed to model the dependency of different contexts on the trip purpose, so as to obtain the trip's comprehensive activity semantics for the final prediction. Extensive experiments are conducted based on the large-scale labeled datasets in Beijing. The prediction results show a considerable improvement compared to state-of-the-arts. A case study demonstrates the feasibility of our study.
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Wolf, Jean, Marcelo Oliveira, and Miriam Thompson. "Impact of Underreporting on Mileage and Travel Time Estimates: Results from Global Positioning System-Enhanced Household Travel Survey." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1854, no. 1 (January 2003): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1854-21.
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Trip underreporting has long been a problem in household travel surveys because of the self-reporting nature of traditional survey methods. Memory decay, failure to understand or to follow survey instructions, unwillingness to report full details of travel, and simple carelessness have all contributed to the incomplete collection of travel data in self-reporting surveys. Because household trip survey data are the primary input into trip generation models, it has a potentially serious impact on transportation model outputs, such as vehicle miles of travel (VMT) and travel time. Global Positioning System (GPS) technology has been used as a supplement in the collection of personal travel data. Previous studies confirmed the feasibility of applying GPS technology to improve both the accuracy and the completeness of travel data. An analysis of the impact of trip underreporting on modeled VMT and travel times is presented. This analysis compared VMT and travel time estimates with GPS-measured data. These VMT and travel time estimates were derived by the trip assignment module of each region's travel demand model by using the trips reported in computer-assisted telephone inter views. This analysis used a subset of data from the California Statewide Household Travel Survey GPS Study and was made possible through the cooperation of the metropolitan planning organizations of the three study areas (Alameda, Sacramento, and San Diego, California).
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Levinson, David M., and Yuanlin Huang. "Windowed Transportation Planning Model." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1607, no. 1 (January 1997): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1607-07.
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A transportation planning model that integrates regional and local-area forecasting approaches is developed and applied. Although regional models have the scope to model the interaction of demand and congestion, they lack spatial detail. Local-area analysis typically does not consider the feedback between new project loadings and existing levels of traffic. A windowed model, which retains regional trip distribution information and the consistency between travel demand and congestion, permits the use of a complete transportation network and block-level traffic zones while retaining computational feasibility. By combining the two methods a number of important policy issues can be addressed, including the implications of traffic calming, changes in flow due to alternative traffic operation schemes, the influence of microscale zoning changes on nearby intersections, and the impact of travel demand management on traffic congestion.
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Guillermo, Marielet A., Maverick C. Rivera, Kervin Joshua C. Lucas, Ronnie S. Concepcion II, Argel A. Bandala, Robert Kerwin C. Billones, Edwin Sybingco, Alexis M. Fillone, and Elmer P. Dadios. "Strategic Transit Route Recommendation Considering Multi-Trip Feature Desirability Using Logit Model with Optimal Travel Time Analysis." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 26, no. 6 (November 20, 2022): 983–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2022.p0983.
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Route recommendation continues to manifest noteworthy contributions to the intelligent transportation system field of research as it evolves through time. Early related studies helped passengers and tourists experience a more convenient travel. At the same time, these helped transport planners analyze people’s trip preferences and its correlation with the region-specific economic status in a more time-relevant data. Majority, however, require historical data and heavy data collection methods. For user quantified metrics such as route cost in terms of travel time and distance, the complexity and sparsity of preferences between travelers are persistent challenges. The strategic transit route recommendation proposed in this study takes into account multiple trip features (both quantitative and qualitative) desirability using logit model and the optimal travel time with respect to a given road traffic condition, headway, and passenger demand. The chosen area of study is the Western Visayas region of the Philippines specific to the public utility bus (PUB) and jeepney (PUJ) transit routes. The results of the research exhibited the feasibility of an optimal and strategic recommendation of public transportation route for passengers considering present time relevant trip conditions rather than relying on the historical data which are difficult to obtain, or worse, non-existent.
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Tahmasseby, Shahram. "Aerial ropeway system — feasibility study in Doha, Qatar." Journal of Unmanned Vehicle Systems 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 92–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/juvs-2020-0028.
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Aerial ropeway systems, also called gondolas and aerial cable cars, are amongst driverless transportation modes, which are progressively drawing attention in promoting tourism. Aerial ropeway systems have been operated in touristic spots (e.g., over lakes, rivers, and hilly lands) in several countries. Passengers can enjoy a view from above and experience a stress-free and reliable trip. Furthermore, those systems can be exploited as public transportation in urbanized and populated regions. The objective of this article is to investigate the viability of implementing a gondola line over Doha Bay in Qatar as a tourist attraction from marketing, economic, and environmental points of view. In this study, the associated costs (capital, maintenance, and operating) of implementing a monocable detachable gondola technology (MDG) are estimated using international best practices. The economic analysis outcome demonstrates that the revenues generated from fares could offset the required capital investment as well as operating and maintenance costs and hence the proposed gondola could be economically attractive for investors. Moreover, no significant negative impacts and footprint on the environment are anticipated at the exploitation phase of the gondola.
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Anisimov, Nikolai. "Mälestamisrituaal tšekan nüüdisaegse udmurdi küla etnokultuurilisel maastikul." Eesti Rahva Muuseumi aastaraamat, no. 61 (October 11, 2018): 116–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33302/ermar-2018-005.
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The Chekan Commemoration Ritual in the Cultural Landscape of the Contemporary Udmurt Village In investigating the chekan ritual of commemorative sacrifice carried out in Kalašur and Dubrovski Villages in the Kiyassovo region of the Udmurt areas, it emerged that certain changes had taken place at various levels. The term chekan has become demythologised in the Udmurt language, but scholars believe that its roots go back to Turkic languages, and that as a cultural sign it means ‘offering sacrifice/sacrificing’ and is related to the cult of the dead. Commemorative practices that bear some likeness and similarity have been seen in the traditions of local groups among the Udmurt peoples, as well as among other Finno-Ugric peoples (the Zyrian and Perm Komis, and the Maris) and neighbouring peoples (Russians and Chuvass). Yet chekan is a unique ritual with specific attributes: it takes place only in June of leap years and is dedicated to those who died abroad, loved ones buried elsewhere and people who committed suicide. Through the commemoration, the Udmurts in this group devote attention to their ‘special’ category of deceased, the belief being that otherwise they may become demonic spirits. Research trips spanning sevaral years (2008, 2012 and 2016) have shown that the traditional structure and rules governing the ministrations have changed. For example, the sacrificial animals are not bled on the eve of the ritual, but on the day of the ritual itself. The ritual food is no longer cooked all night long but from morning to mid-day, and the ceremony no longer is presided over by a priest. Both linguists and the author have observed that fewer and fewer people take part in the ritual and people living in more distant parts no longer make the trip, which makes the older generation concerned. It is presumed that the ritual was previously held every three years, as in the case of similar customs mentioned in scholarly literature (Chekaskon Chokskon) and only later was it scheduled to coincide with leap year, referring to the symbolic semantics of the year with the extra day. The biggest changes concern the site of chekan. In 2008 and 2012, the ritual and the rites for the departed souls were relocated, without any procedures related to the change of venue, but solely based on consensus reached by local inhabitants. The main reason cited for the change of venue is that the original place had become overgrown by brush, and it was difficult to reach the original sacral ‘centre’ and the spruce tree where the offerings were laid. The rituals carried out in 2008, 2012 and 2016 also pertained to another shrine on the village’s ethnocultural landscape, the sacral place where once the worship was held in honour of the god Aktash. This led a number of older inhabitants to enquire into the feasibility of the whole development. The given shrine took on a double sacral quality as fieldwork showed that among young people, knowledge of this place, which became inactive in the 20th century, was no longer salient. All of the topographical sites where the sacrifices took place in recent years are marked with the commemorative ritual in question. To sum up, it can be said that the chekan, a commemorative ritual in the calendar cycle of the Udmurts of Kiyassovo region, is changing, which is leading to a transformation in the village’s cultural landscape. The spatial changes related to the local population’s sacral sphere lead to a specific mode of behaviour and regimentation of rites in space and time.
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Li, Wenxiang, Ye Li, Xuegang (Jeff) Ban, Haopeng Deng, Hanyu Shu, and Dongcan Xie. "Exploring the Relationships between the Non-Work Trip Frequency and Accessibility Based on Mobile Phone Data." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 42 (June 11, 2018): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118774170.
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Non-work trips have increased remarkably over recent years, even exceeding the amount of daily work-related trips. It is therefore important to understand the relationship between the non-work trip frequency and accessibility of the travelers. However, the conclusions of previous studies were inconsistent. The causes of this inconsistency have been speculated to be the limitations of sample size, aggregated accessibility, and home-based trips. To explore the actual relationships between the non-work trip frequency and accessibility, this study employs a more reliable method based on mobile phone data. First, positioning data of mobile phone users was used to identify activity points, home and workplace locations, and non-work trips of the users. Furthermore, the socioeconomic attributes and preferences of users were extracted from mobile phone user feature data. Second, accessibility was measured at the individual level based on a real-time travel-cost estimation method. Subsequently, the negative binomial regression model was employed to study the effects of accessibility, socioeconomic attributes, and preferences of users on their travel frequencies. A case study of the central business district of Lujiazui in Shanghai was conducted to prove the feasibility of the proposed method. The results show that the non-work trip frequency increases with accessibility. Moreover, users with higher consumption levels are more sensitive to accessibility when they decide the frequency of the non-work trips. However, the influence of accessibility on non-work trip frequency tends to weaken with the decrease of accessibility. These findings contribute to a more reliable transportation policy design and planning.
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Greaves, S. P., and P. R. Stopher. "Creating a Synthetic Household Travel and Activity Survey: Rationale and Feasibility Analysis." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1706, no. 1 (January 2000): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1706-10.
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Proposed is a new approach for developing the travel survey data required for use in local travel-demand models. Using readily available local sociodemographic information in conjunction with a freely available national travel survey, a simulation procedure is described to create, in effect, a synthetic household travel survey. The reasons for interest in such a procedure are outlined, including the costs and difficulties associated with gathering high-quality travel data. Consideration is then given to alternatives for local model development, such as the use of national data averages and borrowed models. The simulation procedure is then described and tested in a region that has recently completed a travel survey; this provides a direct source of comparison of the merit of the approach. Trip production models are then built using the synthetic data set. The case study results show that the synthetic data ( a) offer significant improvements over the use of borrowed models and ( b) estimate new models that are similar to those same models estimated using the local travel survey data. It is concluded that these results show that the approach has considerable promise. Finally, some future directions are described, including the planned extension of the approach to other regions.
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Zhang, Yan, Jin-long Liu, Jia-ying Lin, Jin-zhi Zhu, Hai-gang Wang, and Xiao-chao Tian. "Design and Experiment of Piezoelectric–Electromagnetic Composite Energy Trap Based on Human Motion." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 17, no. 7 (July 1, 2022): 1090–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2022.3289.
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To realize the harvesting of energy generated by human movement, in this study, a piezoelectric–electromagnetic composite was designed for harvesting the energy generated by low-frequency human motion is designed by combining the principle of power generation and electromagnetic energy conversion of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric materials. First, the structure and working principle of the piezoelectric–electromagnetic composite energy trap were designed and analyzed. Next, the system dynamics model of piezoelectric–electromagnetic coupling power generation was established, and the main influencing factors of the composite energy trap were derived. Moreover, the influence of PVDF piezoelectric materials with different size parameters on the output voltage and the influence of the frequency of the moving permanent magnet on electromagnetic power generation were analyzed. Finally, the prototype was constructed and tested. The results revealed that the output voltage of the piezoelectric–electromagnetic composite energy trap placed horizontally is higher than that of the composite energy trap placed vertically at step frequencies of over 90 steps/min, and the maximum output voltage is 25.6 V at the step frequency of 140 steps/min. The electric energy generated by the composite energy trap can supply power to low-power electronic devices, thus demonstrating the feasibility of collecting human-motion energy for power generation.
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Lu, Ying, Yifan Yu, Xifan Lv, and Tingting Tao. "An Improved Kinect Recognition Method for Identifying Unsafe Behaviors of Metro Passengers." Sensors 22, no. 19 (September 28, 2022): 7386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197386.
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In order to solve the problem of the low action recognition accuracy of passengers’ unsafe behaviors caused by redundant joints, this study proposes an efficient recognition method based on a Kinect sensor. The method uses the pelvis as the starting point of the vector and high-frequency bone joints as the end point to construct the recognition feature vector. The joint angle difference between actions is obtained by using the cosine law, and the initial test result is converted into action similarity combined with the DTW similarity algorithm. Considering the combination of 3 angle features and 4 joint feature selection methods, 12 combined recognition models are formed. A comparative experiment was carried out to identify five types of unsafe behaviors of metro passengers—punch, one-armed call for help, arms for help, trip forward and trip backwards. The results show that the overall selection of joints has a poor similarity effect and cannot achieve the purpose of recognition. The overall recognition model effect of the local “pelvis divergence method” is higher than that of the local “adjacent joint method”, and the local “pelvis divergence method” has the highest recognition result of the maximum angle difference model, and the recognition results of the five unsafe behaviors are 86.9%, 89.2%, 85.5%, 86.7%, and 88.3%, respectively, and the recognition accuracy of this method is 95.7%, indicating the feasibility of the model. The recognition results are more concentrated and more stable, which significantly improves the recognition rate of metro passengers’ unsafe behavior.
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ZANG, CHUN-LI, JING YU, WAN-LI YANG, MANG FENG, and SU-PENG KOU. "MANIPULATING SCHRÖDINGER CAT STATE OF AN ISING CHAIN VIA QUANTUM TUNNELING EFFECT." International Journal of Modern Physics B 27, no. 30 (November 7, 2013): 1350176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979213501762.
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We propose a possible way, theoretically, to manipulate a Schrödinger cat state of two degenerate ferromagnetic [FM] ground states of the transverse Ising model [TIM] using macroscopic quantum tunneling (MQT) effect. The MQT process is calculated based on a high-order degenerate perturbative method and can be understood in the language of individual virtual fermions hopping along the spin chain. We present an analytical description of the tunneling process, and discuss experimental feasibility for generating the Cat state in the linear ion trap.
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Mutharuddin, Mutharuddin, and H. Haris Muhammadun. "Kajian Analisis Kelayakan Pengembangan Tanpa Dan Dengan Pembangunan Jalan Baru (Studi Kasus Jl. Bayangkara Penunahan Alam Sutra Tangerang Pasca Pengoperasian Exit Toi Jakarta - Merak Km 15+400)." Warta Penelitian Perhubungan 22, no. 2 (February 28, 2010): 229–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25104/warlit.v22i2.1046.
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Central and lard garemment's ofTangerang Qty and PT (psero) Jasa Marga as toll rood ~tor magreed q:xming Jakarta-Merak exit toll road in km 15+500 which amnecting Bayangkara street, BouJemrstreet of Alam Sutra Residential and Rm;a Serpong Street as main node at Alam Sutera Roundabout. Theeksisting of toll rood exit will i11l]Xld to land u~ as along the rood. Dereloping will also effect to traffic'JXlformaru:e at Bayangkara street around that road after ~ting of Jakarta-Merak toll road link in Km15+400. I71e problem is whether the rood reasonable to derelop eamomically not only benefit but alsoadvantage. Another problem is to find out the advantage of amtribution with and without dereloping.Methodology of this studtj is traffic suroci; method with four step planning analysis model (trip generation,trip attraction, modal split and traffic assignment) and eamomic analysis. Finally, The result of the studyprovide that dereloping of Bm;angkara street is reasonable with tloo alterna~s which are enrouragingBayangkara street step btJ step become ROW 15;20;24 and without amstructing new rood. Eren though,with Bayangkara street extending offer mare Wiefit than without amstructing new rood.Keyword: FeasibilihJ, expen~, benefit, VOE, alternative election
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Mendo, Tania, Sophie Smout, Theoni Photopoulou, and Mark James. "Identifying fishing grounds from vessel tracks: model-based inference for small scale fisheries." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 10 (October 2019): 191161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191161.
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Recent technological developments facilitate the collection of location data from fishing vessels at an increasing rate. The development of low-cost electronic systems allows tracking of small-scale fishing vessels, a sector of fishing fleets typically characterized by many, relatively small vessels. The imminent production of large spatial datasets for this previously data-poor sector creates a challenge in terms of data analysis. Several methods have been used to infer the spatial distribution of fishing activities from positional data. Here, we compare five approaches using either vessel speed, or speed and turning angle, to infer fishing activity in the Scottish inshore fleet. We assess the performance of each approach using observational records of true vessel activity. Although results are similar across methods, a trip-based Gaussian mixture model provides the best overall performance and highest computational efficiency for our use-case, allowing accurate estimation of the spatial distribution of active fishing (97% of true area captured). When vessel movement data can be validated, we recommend assessing the performance of different methods. These results illustrate the feasibility of designing a monitoring system to efficiently generate information on fishing grounds, fishing intensity, or monitoring of compliance to regulations at a nationwide scale in near-real-time.
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Guo, Jianyuan, Limin Jia, Yong Qin, and Huijuan Zhou. "Cooperative Passenger Inflow Control in Urban Mass Transit Network with Constraint on Capacity of Station." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/695948.
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In urban mass transit network, when passengers’ trip demands exceed capacity of transport, the numbers of passengers accumulating in the original or transfer stations always exceed the safety limitation of those stations. It is necessary to control passenger inflow of stations to assure the safety of stations and the efficiency of passengers. We define time of delay (TD) to evaluate inflow control solutions, which is the sum of waiting time outside of stations caused by inflow control and extra waiting time on platform waiting for next coming train because of insufficient capacity of first coming train. We build a model about cooperative passenger inflow control in the whole network (CPICN) with constraint on capacity of station. The objective of CPICN is to minimize the average time of delay (ATD) and maximum time of delay (MTD). Particle swarm optimization for constrained optimization problem is used to find the optimal solution. The numeral experiments are carried out to prove the feasibility and efficiency of the model proposed in this paper.
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Eckert, Kevin, and Peter Simpson. "Assessing the Feasibility of Collaborative Utility - Municipal Tree Removal and Replanting." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 20, no. 3 (May 1, 1994): 190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1994.034.
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In June 1993, Newport Electric Company and the City of Newport, Rhode Island collaborated to complete a tree removal and replanting pilot project. This pilot project was initiated to address the situation that large city-owned trees in Newport are potential hazards to the delivery of safe and reliable electric service, and are costly to trim for adequate clearance. The two primary purposes of this project were: 1) to examine the operational feasibility of a collaborative tree removal and replanting project between the City of Newport and Newport Electric Company; and 2) to cost justify participation by Newport Electric in a tree removal and replanting project. Net Present Value (NPV) is offered as a defensible model for determining cost justified participation by the utility because this method for determining financial worthiness is consistent with other business analyzes conducted within the electric utility industry. If considered over the short-term, participation in a tree removal and replanting project cannot be cost justified, because a financial break-even point will not be realized. This project is cost effective when evaluated over the long-term, because the expense of trimming each tree by the utility is ongoing for several cycles. The willingness of the municipality to share the costs was critical in the decision of the utility to participate.
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Xiao, Yao. "Optimization Model of Financial Market Portfolio Using Artificial Fish Swarm Model and Uniform Distribution." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (June 15, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7483454.
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The central issue in finance is how to select a portfolio in the financial market. The traditional artificial fish swarm algorithm (AFSA) is optimized in this paper, and the improved AFSA is used to solve the portfolio model. This model generates a uniform distribution operator using uniform distribution and combines it with the basic fish swarm algorithm. Uniform variation occurs when the variance of the optimal value of continuous convergence is within the allowable error. In this manner, the fish can escape the trap of the local extremum, obtaining the global optimal state. To validate the feasibility of improving AFSA, this paper conducts simulation experiments on portfolio problems using MATLAB tools. Experiments show that this model has an accuracy of 93.56 percent, which is 8.43 percent higher than that of the NSGA-II model and 3.76 percent higher than that of the multiobjective optimization model. The experiment shows that the algorithm in this paper can solve these types of problems well and that, using this model, the optimal portfolio investment decision scheme satisfying investors can be obtained. The optimized AFSA presented in this paper can serve as an important reference for investment portfolios and has a wide range of application possibilities in the investment market.
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Lai, Guo Fang, Yan Fei Ji, Zhi Peng Gu, and Gang Liu. "Study on Assessment Model of Lightning Proof Abilities of HV Transmission Line Based on ArcGIS." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 1174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.1174.
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With the rapid growth of the national economy, the demand for electricity is increasing rapidly. In order to ensure electric power system operates safely and stably, much attention has been paid to insulation condition and lightning proof abilities of HV transmission lines. Nowadays the study of lightning protection of transmission line, which takes districts as the research object, has certain limitations. To provide a more rational basis for insulation design of the new transmission lines as well as insulation improvement in the old, this paper brings in a new analysis method based on ArcGIS. It is also taking the environmental factors, such as landscape along the transmission lines, into consideration. This method first filters and statistically analyzes lightning location data, and establishes assessment model of lightning proof abilities of transmission lines, which can serve as reference for finding the segment struck by lightning. In order to verify the feasibility of the model, this paper took a 220kV transmission line of a region in the Pearl River Delta as an example, and analyzed the distribution of parameters of lightning activities for the past decade. The result shows that the segments where flashover trip occurred have great relevance with the results of the data analysis. It is true that the model can be provided as a reference to the improvement of the insulation level of lines.
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Lai, Guo Fang, Yan Fei Ji, Zhi Peng Gu, and Gang Liu. "Study on Assessment Model of Lightning Proof Abilities of HV Transmission Line Based on ArcGIS." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 3808–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.3808.
Full textAbstract:
With the rapid growth of the national economy, the demand for electricity is increasing rapidly. In order to ensure electric power system operates safely and stably, much attention has been paid to insulation condition and lightning proof abilities of HV transmission lines. Nowadays the study of lightning protection of transmission line, which takes districts as the research object, has certain limitations. To provide a more rational basis for insulation design of the new transmission lines as well as insulation improvement in the old, this paper brings in a new analysis method based on ArcGIS. It is also taking the environmental factors, such as landscape along the transmission lines, into consideration. This method first filters and statistically analyzes lightning location data, and establishes assessment model of lightning proof abilities of transmission lines, which can serve as reference for finding the segment struck by lightning. In order to verify the feasibility of the model, this paper took a 220kV transmission line of a region in the Pearl River Delta as an example, and analyzed the distribution of parameters of lightning activities for the past decade. The result shows that the segments where flashover trip occurred have great relevance with the results of the data analysis. It is true that the model can be provided as a reference to the improvement of the insulation level of lines.
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Wakhloo, Ajay K., and Matthew J. Gounis. "Retrievable Closed Cell Intracranial Stent for Foreign Body and Clot Removal." Operative Neurosurgery 62, suppl_5 (May 1, 2008): ONS390—ONS394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000326023.16596.88.
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Abstract Objective: To assess the technical feasibility of using a retrievable, closed cell intracranial stent delivered through a microcatheter for safe removal of foreign bodies or clot. Methods: In vitro and in vivo testing were performed to demonstrate the feasibility of using retrievable intracranial stents for foreign body or clot removal. In vitro testing was performed in an anatomically correct silicone vascular replica by partially deploying the stent around a coil, then retracting the stent into the microcatheter to trap the coil. Withdrawal of the stent delivery system into the guide catheter resulted in coil removal. Subsequently, the technique was evaluated in a porcine model of intracranial aneurysms, wherein both fresh clot and herniated coils were extracted from the carotid arteries. Results: In these experimental procedures, both herniated coils and fresh clot were safely and easily removed from the in vitro and in vivo models. No periprocedural adverse events were observed. Conclusion: These in vitro and in vivo studies suggest the potential use of retrievable stents for the removal of foreign bodies or clot from the intracranial circulation.
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Song, Hui Ping, Huai Gang Cheng, Xin Gang Li, and Fang Qin Cheng. "Kinetics and Modelling of Bio-Magnetic Separation of Au(III) from Wastewater." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 1031–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.1031.
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This study used nickel wire to trap the magnetotactic bacteria which had adsorbed Au(III), and a magnetic separation model was built to describe this process. Kinetics of the movement of metal loaded bacteria in the whole magnetic field was investigated both experimentally and theoretically. It was found that the magnetic intensity had evident effect on the separation efficiency, but little effect on the separation rate. The period of trapping bacteria to capacity for the nickel wire was proved about 100 minutes. It was found that the trapped bacteria were deposited in multi-layers, showing the ability of multi-layer trapping for the wires. The theoretical results could reach a good agreement with the experimental, which indicated the feasibility of applying the model to the optimization of magnetic separation process using magnetotactic bacterium.
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Xue, Meimei, Biying Yu, Yunfei Du, Bin Wang, Baojun Tang, and Yi-Ming Wei. "Possible Emission Reductions From Ride-Sourcing Travel in a Global Megacity: The Case of Beijing." Journal of Environment & Development 27, no. 2 (May 14, 2018): 156–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1070496518774102.
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Urban transportation in China is undergoing a revolution due to ride-sourcing. The strong growth in ride-sourcing travel requires the government and the industry to adopt strategies for reducing environmental impact. Here, we address a key gap in knowledge on the emerging ride-sourcing travel model by designing a roadmap for realizing low-emission ride-sourcing drawing from an analysis of raw big trip data for Beijing. We found that adopting the most effective low-emission strategies requires joint efforts involving governance and management, enterprise operations, and consumer behavior change. With respect to issues of feasibility and effectiveness, the enterprise operation strategy, involving polices that shorten the pick-up time and increase the vehicle occupancy, is the best option, offering approximately 44% CO2 and NOx emission reductions compared with the current situation. Promoting ride-sourcing usage among car users or potential car users could help reduce emissions attributing to less cars being manufactured (26% CO2 and 24% NOx) but with uncertainty. To achieve low-emission ride-sourcing travel, governments, enterprises, and consumers must collaborate closely and define clear roles, responsibilities, and relationships.
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Gutiérrez, Enif, Jose de Jesus Barreto, Saul Garcia-Hernandez, Rodolfo Morales, and María G. González-Solorzano. "Decrease of Nozzle Clogging through Fluid Flow Control." Metals 10, no. 11 (October 26, 2020): 1420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10111420.
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Decreasing the clogging deposition rate of alumina inclusions in continuous casting nozzles is possible through three simultaneous measures: Flow modification, use of raw materials with low impurities contents, and smoothed internal surfaces. The control of the internal flow consists on avoiding dead regions and developing symmetric patterns. A mathematical model performed tests of the feasibility of these measures. The adherence of inclusions to the nozzle wall, using this model, employs a boundary condition based on the thickness of the sublaminar boundary instead of the conventional “trap” boundary condition. The use of the general boundary condition yields deposition rates that are unaffected by the inclusion size. The proposed boundary condition discriminates against the clogging deposition rate through the particle sizes. Plant trials complemented with water modeling, using these nozzles, proved that the present approach could considerably decrease the clogging occurrence.
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Jonsson, JI, Q. Wu, K. Nilsson, and RA Phillips. "Use of a promoter-trap retrovirus to identify and isolate genes involved in differentiation of a myeloid progenitor cell line in vitro." Blood 87, no. 5 (March 1, 1996): 1771–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v87.5.1771.1771.
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Abstract Studies of gene regulation during early hematopoiesis and of the regulatory network that controls differentiation and lineage commitment are hampered by difficulties in isolating and growing stem cells and early progenitor cells. These difficulties preclude the application of standard molecular genetic approaches to these problems. As an alternative approach we have introduced a lacZ-containing promoter-trap retrovirus into hematopoietic cells. We used the interleukin-3- dependent mouse myeloid progenitor cell 32D as a model to identify transcriptionally active genes. The frequency of integrations that led to transcription of the lacZ gene was estimated to be 0.5% of all integrations, of which 14% were downregulated on differentiation of 32D cells towards neutrophils. Thus, one in every 1,000 to 2,000 integrations identified a developmentally regulated gene. Cellular DNA sequences upstream of proviral integrations were isolated by inverse polymerase chain reaction. Five were further characterized and we confirmed by RNA expression analysis that they were downregulated on differentiation. Sequence analysis revealed identification of novel genes with sequence similarity to known genes. Considering the high efficiency of retroviral infection, our study shows the feasibility of using promoter-trap vectors to identity and isolate developmentally regulated genes from early hematopoietic progenitors.
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Jonsson, JI, Q. Wu, K. Nilsson, and RA Phillips. "Use of a promoter-trap retrovirus to identify and isolate genes involved in differentiation of a myeloid progenitor cell line in vitro." Blood 87, no. 5 (March 1, 1996): 1771–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v87.5.1771.bloodjournal8751771.
Full textAbstract:
Studies of gene regulation during early hematopoiesis and of the regulatory network that controls differentiation and lineage commitment are hampered by difficulties in isolating and growing stem cells and early progenitor cells. These difficulties preclude the application of standard molecular genetic approaches to these problems. As an alternative approach we have introduced a lacZ-containing promoter-trap retrovirus into hematopoietic cells. We used the interleukin-3- dependent mouse myeloid progenitor cell 32D as a model to identify transcriptionally active genes. The frequency of integrations that led to transcription of the lacZ gene was estimated to be 0.5% of all integrations, of which 14% were downregulated on differentiation of 32D cells towards neutrophils. Thus, one in every 1,000 to 2,000 integrations identified a developmentally regulated gene. Cellular DNA sequences upstream of proviral integrations were isolated by inverse polymerase chain reaction. Five were further characterized and we confirmed by RNA expression analysis that they were downregulated on differentiation. Sequence analysis revealed identification of novel genes with sequence similarity to known genes. Considering the high efficiency of retroviral infection, our study shows the feasibility of using promoter-trap vectors to identity and isolate developmentally regulated genes from early hematopoietic progenitors.
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Villordon, Arthur, Craig Roussel, and Tad Hardy. "(321) Development of a GIS-based Model for Predicting Sweetpotato Weevil Infestation Risk in Louisiana: Progress, Problems, and Prospects." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 1045B—1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1045b.
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The sweetpotato weevil [SPW, Cylas formicarius (Fabricius)] is an important economic pest in “pink-tagged” or SPW-infested areas of Louisiana. From time to time, sweetpotato weevils are detected in “green-tagged” or SPW-free locations. When sweetpotato weevils are detected in “green'tagged” areas, the produce is quarantined and may not be shipped to locations that do not allow “pink-tagged” sweetpotatoes. As part of the statewide SPW monitoring program, the Louisiana Department of Agriculture and Forestry (LDAF) conducts a statewide pheromone-based trapping program to monitor SPW presence in beds and fields. We used SPW presence-absence data with a GIS-based logistic regression modeling tool to assess the feasibility of developing a model for predicting SPW risk in sweetpotato beds. Using pheromone trap data from 2001–03, we performed stepwise logistic regression experiments to assess the role of various weather variables (daily mean maximum and minimum temperature, rainfall) in the occurrence of SPW in beds. Our modeling experiments showed a strong relationship of mean daily minimum temperature during the winter months with SPW occurrence in beds. In particular, a logistic regression equation developed from 2003 trap data and mean April daily minimum temperature created a spatially accurate map of SPW risk for 2002. However, the same model did not accurately predict the 2001 SPW risk. These results indicate that additional variables are needed to improve the predictive ability of the model. Spatial risk mapping can be a potentially useful tool for decision makers in choosing between risk-averse and -prone decisions.
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Xia, Linyuan, Qiumei Huang, and Dongjin Wu. "Decision Tree-Based Contextual Location Prediction from Mobile Device Logs." Mobile Information Systems 2018 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1852861.
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Contextual location prediction is an important topic in the field of personalized location recommendation in LBS (location-based services). With the advancement of mobile positioning techniques and various sensors embedded in smartphones, it is convenient to obtain massive human mobile trajectories and to derive a large amount of valuable information from geospatial big data. Extracting and recognizing personally interesting places and predicting next semantic location become a research hot spot in LBS. In this paper, we proposed an approach to predict next personally semantic place with historical visiting patterns derived from mobile device logs. To address the problems of location imprecision and lack of semantic information, a modified trip-identify method is employed to extract key visit points from GPS trajectories to a more accurate extent while semantic information are added through stay point detection and semantic places recognition. At last, a decision tree model is adopted to explore the spatial, temporal, and sequential features in contextual location prediction. To validate the effectiveness of our approach, experiments were conducted based on a trajectory collection in Guangzhou downtown area. The results verified the feasibility of our approach on contextual location prediction from continuous mobile devices logs.
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Chen, Xiaoxuan, Xia Wan, Fan Ding, Qing Li, Charlie McCarthy, Yang Cheng, and Bin Ran. "Data-Driven Prediction System of Dynamic People-Flow in Large Urban Network Using Cellular Probe Data." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2019 (January 13, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9401630.
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Cellular probe data, which is collected by cellular network operators, has emerged as a critical data source for human-trace inference in large-scale urban areas. However, because cellular probe data of individual mobile phone users is temporally and spatially sparse (unlike GPS data), few studies predicted people-flow using cellular probe data in real-time. In addition, it is hard to validate the prediction method at a large scale. This paper proposed a data-driven method for dynamic people-flow prediction, which contains four models. The first model is a cellular probe data preprocessing module, which removes the inaccurate and duplicated records of cellular data. The second module is a grid-based data transformation and data integration module, which is proposed to integrate multiple data sources, including transportation network data, point-of-interest data, and people movement inferred from real-time cellular probe data. The third module is a trip-chain based human-daily-trajectory generation module, which provides the base dataset for data-driven model validation. The fourth module is for dynamic people-flow prediction, which is developed based on an online inferring machine-learning model (random forest). The feasibility of dynamic people-flow prediction using real-time cellular probe data is investigated. The experimental result shows that the proposed people-flow prediction system could provide prediction precision of 76.8% and 70% for outbound and inbound people, respectively. This is much higher than the single-feature model, which provides prediction precision around 50%.
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Vayalali, Praneet, Michael McKay, Jayanth Krishnamurthi, and Farhan Gandhi. "Horizontal Stabilator Utilization for Post Swashplate Failure Operation on a UH-60 Black Hawk Helicopter." Journal of the American Helicopter Society 65, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/jahs.65.022009.
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A flight simulation model for the UH-60 Black Hawk, based on Sikorsky's GenHel model, is modified to simulate a locked failure of a main rotor swashplate servo actuator, which is compensated by using the stabilator as a redundant control effector. Steady-state trim analysis is performed to demonstrate feasibility of trimmed flight in various conditions with different locked servo actuator positions for the forward, aft, and lateral actuators. A model-following, linear dynamic inversion controller is implemented and modified to account for locked actuator position. Postfailure, the controls are reconfigured to partially reallocate the control authority in the longitudinal axis from the main rotor longitudinal cyclic to the stabilator. This is done by manipulation of only the control allocation relating pilot stick inputs to servo actuator positions, whereas the feedback control gains and mechanical rigging between servo actuators and rotor pitch controls remain identical to the baseline. Flight simulation results demonstrate the ability of this reallocation to compensate for locked failure of the forward main rotor swashplate servo actuator, as well as the ability of the aircraft to decelerate from cruise at 120 kt to 50 kt, slower than the published safe rolling landing speed of 60 kt. A similar range of locked positions of the forward and aft actuators is demonstrated to be feasible for aircraft recovery using control of the stabilator. Feasibility of aircraft recovery for locked positions of the lateral servo actuator is also considered, as well as the effect of variation in gross weight, speed of actuator locking, and delays in fault detection and identification.
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Ntouras, Dimitris, George Papadakis, and Kostas Belibassakis. "Ship Bow Wings with Application to Trim and Resistance Control in Calm Water and in Waves." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 4 (April 2, 2022): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10040492.
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Flapping foils for augmenting thrust production have drawn attention as a means of assisting ship propulsion in waves due to their high efficiency rate compared to traditional screw propellers. However, they can also offer substantial resistance reduction when used as stabilizers. In this work, the aim is to investigate the feasibility of a symbiotic concept combining the ship’s propeller with a foil arranged at the ship’s bow at a fixed position operating as a trim-pitch stabilizer. The work presents results obtained from experiments conducted in the towing tank of the Laboratory of Ship and Marine Hydrodynamics of the National Technical University of Athens (LMSH NTUA), as well as results from an in-house CFD solver. The test cases focused on the resistance and the dynamic behavior of the wing–vessel configuration in calm water conditions and in head waves. All results were compared against the performance of a bare hull (without foil). The findings of this work are based both on numerical and experimental data and indicate that a bow wing in static mode can be used for trim-control of a vessel by altering the angle of attack leading to a possible drop in wave resistance both in calm water and in waves. In the latter case, utilizing the wing in head waves results in a significant reduction in the pitching and heaving responses of the vessel, which may lead to substantial enhancement of the propulsion performance.
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Flangea, Corina, Alina Serb, Catalin Schiopu, Sorin Tudor, Eugen Sisu, Daniela Seidler, and Alina Zamfir. "Discrimination of GalNAc (4S/6S) sulfation sites in chondroitin sulfate disaccharides by chip-based nanoelectrospray multistage mass spectrometry." Open Chemistry 7, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 752–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-009-0070-7.
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AbstractSulfation pattern within chondroitin sulfate (CS) glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains is an important post-translational modification that regulates their interaction with proteins. In this context, development of highly efficient and reproducible analytical methods for the investigation of CS sulfation patterns is of high necessity. In this study we report a novel method for straightforward determination of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) sulfation sites in chondroitin sulfate disaccharides. Our protocol involves combining fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray (nanoESI) for analyte infusion and ionization in negative ion mode with multistage (MSn) collision-induced dissociation (CID) high capacity ion trap (HCT) mass spectrometry for generation of sequence ions diagnostic for identification of sulfate ester group position within GalNAc residues. The feasibility of this approach is here demonstrated on chondroitin 6-O-sulfate and chondroitin 4-O-sulfate disaccharides. Fragmentation patterns obtained by MS2 and MS3 sequencing stages provided first mass spectrometric data from which sulfation site(s) within GalNAc monosaccharide ring could be unequivocally deciphered. Hence, the method allowed discriminating 4S/6S sulfation sites solely on the basis of MS and multistage MS evidence.
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Viola, Nicole, Pietro Roncioni, Oscar Gori, and Roberta Fusaro. "Aerodynamic Characterization of Hypersonic Transportation Systems and Its Impact on Mission Analysis." Energies 14, no. 12 (June 16, 2021): 3580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123580.
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This paper aims to provide technical insights on the aerodynamic characterization activities performed in the field of the H2020 STRATOFLY project, for the Mach 8 waverider reference configuration. Considering the complexity of the configuration to be analyzed at conceptual/preliminary design stage, a build-up approach has been adopted. The complexity of the aerodynamic model increases incrementally, from the clean external configuration up to the complete configuration, including propulsion systems elements and flight control surfaces. At each step, the aerodynamic analysis is complemented with detailed mission analysis, in which the different versions of the aerodynamic databases are used as input for the trajectory simulation. eventually, once the contribution to the aerodynamic characterization of flight control surfaces is evaluated, stability and trim analysis is carried out. The comparison of the results obtained through the different mission analysis campaigns clearly shows that the accuracy of aerodynamic characterization may determine the feasibility or unfeasibility of a mission concept.
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Lyu, Jieyin, and Yandong He. "A Two-Stage Hybrid Metaheuristic for a Low-Carbon Vehicle Routing Problem in Hazardous Chemicals Road Transportation." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (May 25, 2021): 4864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11114864.
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Low-carbon economy advances the sustainable development of the transportation of hazardous chemicals. This paper focuses on the multi-trip heterogeneous vehicle routing problem that includes the prioritization of customers and transportation of incompatible cargoes (MTHVRP-PCIC) in which some customers are prioritized for delivery by heterogeneous vehicles and more than one type of cargo is transported. This is an issue because some cargoes are incompatible with each other and therefore cannot be loaded into the same vehicle. MFHVRP-PCIC aims to find a set of routes resulting in minimal costs including fixed cost, travel cost and carbon emission cost. This problem occurs in real-life applications in the hazardous chemicals road transportation industry. This paper contributes to addressing the MTHVRP-PCIC from a problem definition, model, and methodological point of view. We establish a mathematical formulation for this problem. A two-stage hybrid metaheuristic approach (TSHM) is also devised to solve this problem. First, an improved greedy randomized adaptive search procedure is designed to generate initial feasible solutions. Then, a hybrid genetic algorithm including local search strategies, split-feasibility procedure, and simulated annealing is designed to solve this problem. Finally, the proposed approach is applied to solve a real case of hazardous chemical delivery and a benchmark dataset, and the resulting solutions indicate the advantage of our algorithm compared with those solutions obtained from managerial experience and classical algorithms.
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Worku, Muhammed Y., Mohamed A. Hassan, Luqman S. Maraaba, and Mohammad A. Abido. "Islanding Detection Methods for Microgrids: A Comprehensive Review." Mathematics 9, no. 24 (December 9, 2021): 3174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9243174.
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Microgrids that are integrated with distributed energy resources (DERs) provide many benefits, including high power quality, energy efficiency and low carbon emissions, to the power grid. Microgrids are operated either in grid-connected or island modes running on different strategies. However, one of the major technical issues in a microgrid is unintentional islanding, where failure to trip the microgrid may lead to serious consequences in terms of protection, security, voltage and frequency stability, and safety. Therefore, fast and efficient islanding detection is necessary for reliable microgrid operations. This paper provides an overview of microgrid islanding detection methods, which are classified as local and remote. Various detection methods in each class are studied, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed based on performance evaluation indices such as non-detection zone (NDZ), detection time, error detection ratio, power quality and effectiveness in multiple inverter cases. Recent modifications on islanding methods using signal processing techniques and intelligent classifiers are also discussed. Modified passive methods with signal processing and intelligent classifiers are addressing the drawbacks of passive methods and are getting more attention in the recently published works. This comprehensive review of islanding methods will provide power utilities and researchers a reference and guideline to select the best islanding detection method based on their effectiveness and economic feasibility.
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Saeed, Faisal, Muhammad Haseeb Khan, Haider Ali Tauqeer, Asfand Haroon, Asad Idrees, Syed Mzhar Shehrazi, Lukas Prokop, Vojtech Blazek, Stanislav Misak, and Nasim Ullah. "Numerical Investigation of Photo-Generated Carrier Recombination Dynamics on the Device Characteristics for the Perovskite/Carbon Nitride Absorber-Layer Solar Cell." Nanomaterials 12, no. 22 (November 15, 2022): 4012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12224012.
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The nitrogenated holey two-dimensional carbon nitride (C2N) has been efficaciously utilized in the fabrication of transistors, sensors, and batteries in recent years, but lacks application in the photovoltaic industry. The C2N possesses favorable optoelectronic properties. To investigate its potential feasibility for solar cells (as either an absorber layer/interface layer), we foremost detailed the numerical modeling of the double-absorber-layer–methyl ammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) –carbon nitride (C2N) layer solar cell and subsequently provided in-depth insight into the active-layer-associated recombination losses limiting the efficiency (η) of the solar cell. Under the recombination kinetics phenomena, we explored the influence of radiative recombination, Auger recombination, Shockley Read Hall recombination, the energy distribution of defects, Band Tail recombination (Hoping Model), Gaussian distribution, and metastable defect states, including single-donor (0/+), single-acceptor (−/0), double-donor (0/+/2+), double-acceptor (2/−/0−), and the interface-layer defects on the output characteristics of the solar cell. Setting the defect (or trap) density to 1015cm−3 with a uniform energy distribution of defects for all layers, we achieved an η of 24.16%. A considerable enhancement in power-conversion efficiency ( η~27%) was perceived as we reduced the trap density to 1014cm−3 for the absorber layers. Furthermore, it was observed that, for the absorber layer with double-donor defect states, the active layer should be carefully synthesized to reduce crystal-order defects to keep the total defect density as low as 1017cm−3 to achieve efficient device characteristics.
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Cho, Yoonju, Kyunghee Kim, Min Su Kim, and Inhyung Lee. "Application of a high-quality, high-volume trap–neuter–return model of community cats in Seoul, Korea." PeerJ 8 (March 5, 2020): e8711. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8711.
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Background This study was performed to determine the characteristics of community cats that were admitted to trap–neuter–return(TNR) programs and the feasibility of the high-quality, high-volume spay/neuter (HQHVSN) model in Seoul, Korea. Methods TNR programs were performed eight times from 2017 to 2018, and a total of 375 community cats from the pilot areas were admitted. The pilot areas were selected regions wherein caregivers voluntarily participated in our TNR program. Each cat was anesthetized, assessed for health status, sterilized, vaccinated against feline viral rhinotracheitis, calicivirus and panleukopenia (FVR-CP), and rabies, and treated with insecticide after surgery. The time from anesthesia to recovery was evaluated to verify the efficiency of surgical time of the program. The TNR program at a local animal hospital and the program in this study were compared to assess the veterinary treatment administered and the cost for each cat. Results A total of 375 cats were underwent TNR in this study, including 192 (51.2%) intact females, 180 (48%) intact males, and three (0.8%) sterilized cats. Following surgery, 372 cats (99.2%) were returned to their original locations. Three cats (0.8%) died postoperatively. On average, 21.9% of the cats were pregnant during the TNRs, and the highest percentage of cats (63.9%) were pregnant in March. All cats presented to the TNR program were considered healthy enough to be part of the program after examination. For neutering one animal at a time, similar to conventional TNR ($140), it took 53 ± 16 mins for females and 30 ± 9 mins for males from anesthesia to recovery. In contrast, the standardized procedure can neuter multiple cats simultaneously, similar to the conveyor system, at an estimated rate of 6.8 mins per cat ($45 per female cat, $30 per male cat). Conclusions The TNR strategy in Seoul should be implemented by establishing dedicated clinics to concentrate on HQHVSN surgeries of cats. Through this pilot study, we were able to demonstrate that it is possible to effectively apply HQHVSN clinics in Korea. Future studies that perform intensive sterilization in targeted areas are necessary to confirm the efficacy of the TNR strategy.
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Wallin, Göran, and Johan Åqvist. "The transition state for peptide bond formation reveals the ribosome as a water trap." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, no. 5 (January 11, 2010): 1888–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0914192107.
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Recent progress in elucidating the peptide bond formation process on the ribosome has led to notion of a proton shuttle mechanism where the 2'-hydroxyl group of the P-site tRNA plays a key role in mediating proton transfer between the nucleophile and leaving group, whereas ribosomal groups do not actively participate in the reaction. Despite these advances, the detailed nature of the transition state for peptidyl transfer and the role of several trapped water molecules in the peptidyl transferase center remain major open questions. Here, we employ high-level quantum chemical ab initio calculations to locate and characterize global transition states for the reaction, described by a molecular model encompassing all the key elements of the reaction center. The calculated activation enthalpy as well as structures are in excellent agreement with experimental data and point to feasibility of an eight-membered “double proton shuttle” mechanism in which an auxiliary water molecule, observed both in computer simulations and crystal structures, actively participates. A second conserved water molecule is found to be of key importance for stabilizing developing negative charge on the substrate oxyanion and its presence is catalytically favorable both in terms of activation enthalpy and entropy. Transition states calculated both for six- and eight-membered mechanisms are invariably late and do not involve significant charge development on the attacking amino group. Predicted kinetic isotope effects consistent with this picture are similar to those observed for uncatalyzed ester aminolysis reactions in solution.
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Carrette, R., D. Bixio, C. Thoeye, and P. Ockier. "Storm operation strategy: high-flow activated sludge process operation." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 9 (May 1, 2000): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0204.
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Current practice in Flanders (Belgium) is to limit the hydraulic capacity of the waste water treatment plant to 6Q14. A maximum of 3Q14 is treated in the activated sludge system, the excess flow undergoes only physical treatment (stepscreen, sand trap and settling). This paper focuses on an alternative storm management operation strategy aiming at maintaining plant performance and reducing the total pollutant discharge towards the receiving waterbody. Given the observed dilution of incoming waste water under storm conditions, the idea was put forward that higher hydraulic loadings could be treated within the biology if additional secondary clarifier volume was supplied. The new storm operation strategy would consist of treating 6Q14 biologically using the available storm tanks as additional clarifier volume. Dynamic simulation was used to asses the feasibility of this strategy. In a next step a full scale test was run over several months. The outcome of this case study clearly shows that 6Q14 can be treated biologically using the storm tank as anextra clarifier.This operation mode eliminates the direct overflow of only physically pre-treated waste water coming from the stormtank towards the receiving waterbody. It was shown that doing so the overall pollutant discharge was significantly reduced.
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Ganesh, Aravind, Philip Barber, Sandra E. Black, Dale Corbett, Thalia S. Field, Richard Frayne, Vladimir Hachinski, et al. "Trial of remote ischaemic preconditioning in vascular cognitive impairment (TRIC-VCI): protocol." BMJ Open 10, no. 10 (October 2020): e040466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040466.
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IntroductionCerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) accounts for 20%–25% of strokes and is the most common cause of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). In an animal VCI model, inducing brief periods of limb ischaemia-reperfusion reduces subsequent ischaemic brain injury with remote and local protective effects, with hindlimb remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) improving cerebral blood flow, decreasing white-matter injury and improving cognition. Small human trials suggest RIC is safe and may prevent recurrent strokes. It remains unclear what doses of chronic daily RIC are tolerable and safe, whether effects persist after treatment cessation, and what parameters are optimal for treatment response.Methods and analysisThis prospective, open-label, randomised controlled trial (RCT) with blinded end point assessment and run-in period, will recruit 24 participants, randomised to one of two RIC intensity groups: one arm treated once daily or one arm twice daily for 30 consecutive days. RIC will consistent of 4 cycles of blood pressure cuff inflation to 200 mm Hg for 5 min followed by 5 min deflation (total 35 min). Selection criteria include: age 60–85 years, evidence of cSVD on brain CT/MRI, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score 13–24 and preserved basic activities of living. Outcomes will be assessed at 30 days and 90 days (60 days after ceasing treatment). The primary outcome is adherence (completing ≥80% of sessions). Secondary safety/tolerability outcomes include the per cent of sessions completed and pain/discomfort scores from patient diaries. Efficacy outcomes include changes in cerebral blood flow (per arterial spin-label MRI), white-matter hyperintensity volume, diffusion tensor imaging, MoCA and Trail-Making tests.Ethics and disseminationResearch Ethics Board approval has been obtained. The results will provide information on feasibility, dose, adherence, tolerability and outcome measures that will help design a phase IIb RCT of RIC, with the potential to prevent VCI. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, organisations and meetings.Trial registration numberNCT04109963.
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Yan, Chanly, Jeffrey Hii, Ratchadawan Ngoen-Klan, Manop Saeung, and Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap. "Semi-field evaluation of human landing catches versus human double net trap for estimating human biting rate of Anopheles minimus and Anopheles harrisoni in Thailand." PeerJ 10 (September 8, 2022): e13865. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13865.
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Background Whilst the human landing catch (HLC) technique is considered the ‘gold standard’ for estimating human-biting rates, it is labor-intensive and fraught with potential risk of exposure to infectious mosquito bites. This study evaluated the feasibility and performance of an alternative method, the human double net trap (HDNT) relative to HLC for monitoring host-seeking malaria vectors of the Anopheles minimus complex in a semi-field system (SFS). Methods HDNT and HLC were positioned in two rooms, 30 m apart at both ends of the SFS. Two human volunteers were rotated between both traps and collected released mosquitoes (n = 100) from 6:00 pm till 6:00 am. Differences in Anopheles mosquito densities among the trapping methods were compared using a generalized linear model based on a negative binomial distribution. Results There were 82.80% (2,136/2,580) of recaptures of wild-caught and 94.50% (2,835/3,000) of laboratory-reared mosquitoes that were molecularly identified as An. harrisoni and An. minimus, respectively. Mean density of An. harrisoni was significantly lower in HNDT (15.50 per night, 95% CI [12.48–18.52]) relative to HLC (25.32 per night (95% CI [22.28–28.36]), p < 0.001). Similarly, the mean density of a laboratory strain of An. minimus recaptured in HDNT was significantly lower (37.87 per night, 95% CI [34.62–41.11]) relative to HLC (56.40 per night, 95% CI [55.37–57.43]), p < 0.001. Relative sampling efficiency analysis showed that HLC was the more efficient trap in collecting the An. minimus complex in the SFS. Conclusion HDNT caught proportionately fewer An. minimus complex than HLC. HDNT was not sensitive nor significantly correlated with HLC, suggesting that it is not an alternative method to HLC.
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Zagallo, Patricia, Shanice Meddleton, and Molly S. Bolger. "Teaching Real Data Interpretation with Models (TRIM): Analysis of Student Dialogue in a Large-Enrollment Cell and Developmental Biology Course." CBE—Life Sciences Education 15, no. 2 (June 2016): ar17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.15-11-0239.
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We present our design for a cell biology course to integrate content with scientific practices, specifically data interpretation and model-based reasoning. A 2-yr research project within this course allowed us to understand how students interpret authentic biological data in this setting. Through analysis of written work, we measured the extent to which students’ data interpretations were valid and/or generative. By analyzing small-group audio recordings during in-class activities, we demonstrated how students used instructor-provided models to build and refine data interpretations. Often, students used models to broaden the scope of data interpretations, tying conclusions to a biological significance. Coding analysis revealed several strategies and challenges that were common among students in this collaborative setting. Spontaneous argumentation was present in 82% of transcripts, suggesting that data interpretation using models may be a way to elicit this important disciplinary practice. Argumentation dialogue included frequent co-construction of claims backed by evidence from data. Other common strategies included collaborative decoding of data representations and noticing data patterns before making interpretive claims. Focusing on irrelevant data patterns was the most common challenge. Our findings provide evidence to support the feasibility of supporting students’ data-interpretation skills within a large lecture course.