Academic literature on the topic 'Trip mode feasibility'
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Journal articles on the topic "Trip mode feasibility"
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Abdelwahab, Walid M., J. David Innes, and Albert M. Stevens. "Development of disaggregate mode choice models of intercity travel in Canada." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 19, no. 6 (December 1, 1992): 965–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l92-115.
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This paper reports and discusses the results of an effort to develop disaggregate behavioral mode choice models of intercity travel in Canada. Currently available data bases of intercity travel in Canada are reviewed. The feasibility of using data from national travel surveys to develop statistically reliable intercity mode choice models is examined, and directions for future disaggregate data collection efforts are offered. The models developed are of the multinomial logit (MNL) type which included all intercity passenger travel modes: auto, air, bus, and rail. For purposes of estimation, the travel market was segmented by trip length (short, long); trip purpose (business, recreational); and geographical location of the trip (east, west). Then, a separate model was estimated in each sector. The models were estimated using the data collected by Statistics Canada as a part of the Labor Force Survey (The Canadian Travel Survey, CTS). The quality of the calibrated models varied from one region to another and from one travel sector to another. Overall, the models were reasonably accurate in predicting modal shares of the most frequently used modes (auto and air). The underrepresentation of the bus and rail modes in the data sets led to a deterioration in the performance of the models in predicting market shares of these two modes. More specifically, the predictive ability of the models measured by the likelihood ratio index varied from a low of 0.58 in the short travel sector to a high of 0.94 in the long travel sector. The transferability of the models described in this study was recently examined by Abdelwahab (1991). Key words: mode choice, disaggregate, travel behavior, multinomial logit, intercity, data base.
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Lu, Ming, Hai Zhu, Xia Luo, and Lei Lei. "Intercity Travel Demand Analysis Model." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 6 (January 1, 2014): 108180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/108180.
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It is well known that intercity travel is an important component of travel demand which belongs to short distance corridor travel. The conventional four-step method is no longer suitable for short distance corridor travel demand analysis for the time spent on urban traffic has a great impact on traveler's main mode choice. To solve this problem, the author studied the existing intercity travel demand analysis model, then improved it based on the study, and finally established a combined model of main mode choice and access mode choice. At last, an integrated multilevel nested logit model structure system was built. The model system includes trip generation, destination choice, and mode-route choice based on multinomial logit model, and it achieved linkage and feedback of each part through logsum variable. This model was applied in Shenzhen intercity railway passenger demand forecast in 2010 as a case study. As a result, the forecast results were consistent with the actuality. The model's correctness and feasibility were verified.
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Jeon, Gyo Seok, Kyu Jin Lee, Woohyun Chung, and Keechoo Choi. "A Methodology for Defining the Study Impact Area Using Mode Diversion Trip Rate in Rail Infrastructure Feasibility Study." Journal of Korean Society of Transportation 30, no. 6 (December 31, 2012): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7470/jkst.2012.30.6.081.
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Al-Atawi, Attiyah. "Sustainable travel modes in Saudi Arabia: is there a potential for formal car-sharing scheme?" World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development 13, no. 1 (January 4, 2016): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjstsd-10-2015-0052.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the actual demand on formal car-sharing scheme in Saudi Arabia as a means of public modes of transport in order to assess the potential future of this mode in Saudi Arabia as a policy measure. Design/methodology/approach – In this context, this paper investigates the potential feasibility of introducing formal car-sharing scheme as a means of public modes of transport in Tabuk city. Investigation of the characteristics of trip makers, which impact on the decision of selecting the currently available informal car-sharing as a mode of travel, is presented. The paper investigates the factors which affect the decisions of car-sharing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia using the household survey data. Discrete choice modelling techniques have been adopted in this research to investigate behaviour and attitudes to car-sharing and the binary logit model has been utilised. Findings – From the results, in the case of Tabuk, the main factor in selection of the transport mode is the social role, and specifically the role inside the family. Results showed that about 49 per cent of total respondents drive to work, while about 20 per cent reported that they use car-sharing. About 8 per cent of respondents reported that they use a private driver, while other 8 per cent reported that they use a contracted driver. Originality/value – Investigation of the potential of introducing formal car-sharing scheme in Saudi Arabia as a means of public modes of transport in Saudi Arabia which is a more sustainable mode of transport.
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Gehrke, Steven R., and Kelly J. Clifton. "An activity-related land use mix construct and its connection to pedestrian travel." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 46, no. 1 (January 27, 2017): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808317690157.
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Integrating a diverse set of land use types within a neighborhood is a central tenet of smart growth policy. Over a generation of urban planning research has heralded the transportation, land use, and public health benefits arising from a balanced supply of local land uses, including the improved feasibility for pedestrian travel. However, land use mixing has largely remained a transportation-land use planning goal without a conceptually valid set of environmental indicators quantifying this multifaceted spatial phenomenon. In this study, we incorporated activity-based transportation planning and landscape ecology theory within a confirmatory factor analysis framework to introduce a land use mix construct indicative of the paired landscape pattern aspects of composition and configuration. We found that our activity-related land use mix measure, and not the commonly adopted entropy-based index, predicted walk mode choice and home-based walk trip frequency when operationalized at three geographic scales.
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Gao, Jianjie, Yongli Wang, and Junchao Zhou. "A Study on Two-stage Selection Model of Tourism Destination at the Scale of Urban Agglomerations." Archives of Transport 63, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.0020.
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Considering that the demand of tourism destination is variable on the scale of urban agglomeration, the selection process of travel destination is divided into two stages. The traditional transportation combination model based on the multinomial Logit cannot reflect this characteristic. And it is the lack of consideration of the influence of travel distribution and the dynamic transfer of passenger flow between various transport routes. Therefore, this thesis established a combination model of travel demand distribution and transportation assignment with two-stage terminal selection characteristics based on the nested Logit. Based on the analysis of tourists' trip process on the scale of urban agglomeration, a tourist flow transport network with travel destination nest structure is constructed. The generalized cost impedance function of transportation route is constructed based on the direct cost of transportation mode and the indirect cost of travel time. Based on the characteristics of two-stage destination selection of tourists, the form of travel distribution function of tourist flow is given. Through the first-order optimization conditions, it proved that the volume of travel distribution and tourism passenger transport assignment can meet the two-stage equilibrium conditions in the equilibrium state. Based on the idea of MSA algorithm, it designed the solution algorithm of the model and verified the feasibility of the model and algorithm in a simplified example. The calculation results show that the two-stage equilibrium assignment model proposed in this paper can obtain the volume of travel distribution and transportation assignment at the same time, meanwhile compared with the multinomial logit model, the nested Logit structure fully considers the attraction measure of the city destination and the scenic spot destination, which is more in line with the choice behavior of the tourists when choosing the transportation route. Thus, it provides a new comparable method for the optimal allocation of tourism passenger flow transport network resources on the scale of urban agglomeration, and can provide data support for the transportation organization plans of government decision-making departments and tourism transport enterprises.
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Peters, Roland, Felix Kunz, Nicolas Kruse, and Rüdiger-A. Eichel. "Development of a 10/40 Kw Rsoc Demonstration System." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 50 (October 9, 2022): 2497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02502497mtgabs.
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Scientific Approach In the last decade, work on the development of a reversible Solid Oxide Cell (rSOC) technology has been greatly intensified because it can contribute to the storage and the reconversion of electricity from regenerative energy sources. In this context, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH first examined the feasibility in a thermodynamic analysis. Here, Frank et al. [1] show that electrical efficiencies of 67% in fuel cell mode and 76% in electrolysis mode can be achieved when such a system is operated with a 70 bar hydrogen storage. This corresponds to a round-trip efficiency of more than 50%. Based on these results, an rSOC system demonstrator with a nominal power of 10 kWel in fuel cell mode and 40 kWel in electrolysis mode was developed. The attached figure shows the simplified system flow diagram. The Integrated Module (IM) is the main component of the rSOC system and consists of four Jülich 20-layer sub stacks in combination with an air and a fuel heat exchanger. Also, five electrically operated heating plates are located within the module to heat up the system from ambient temperature to operating temperature and to support endothermal electrolysis operation. The supporting balance of plant components (BoP) are arranged in the direct vicinity of the IM in order to achieve the most compact layout possible. To be able to classify the efficiency results listed below, the calculation method for the fuel cell efficiency is shown in equation (1), for the electrolysis efficiency in equation (2) and for the power consumption of the BoP in equation (3). 𝜼_(𝐹𝐶, 𝑆𝑦𝑠, 𝐴𝐶) = (𝑈_𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑘 ∙ 𝐼_𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑘 ∙ 𝜂_𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 − ∑𝑃_(𝐵𝑜𝑃, 𝐴𝐶))/(𝑛_(𝐻2, 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑖𝑛) ∙ [𝐿𝐻𝑉]_𝐻2 ) (1) 𝞰_(𝐸𝐿, 𝑆𝑦𝑠, 𝐴𝐶) = (𝑛_(𝐻2, 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑) ∙ [𝐿𝐻𝑉]_𝐻2)/((𝑈_𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑘 ∙ 𝐼_𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑘)/𝞰_𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑟 + ∑𝑃_(𝐵𝑜𝑃, 𝐴𝐶)) (2) ∑𝑃_(𝐵𝑜𝑃, 𝐴𝐶) = 𝑃_(𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝.) + 𝑃_(𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑝ℎ𝑟. 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝.) + 𝑃_(ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠) + 𝑃_(𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙 𝑠𝑦𝑠.) + 𝑃_(𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟) (3) System operation was started on 06/01/2021. After a short commissioning phase, stationary power points were approached for both operating modes, fuel cell and electrolysis. In fuel cell mode, a power range from 1.7 kWel to 13 kWel could be shown. At the operating point of 500 mA cm-2 with a system fuel gas utilization of 98%, a system output of 10.3 kWel with a maximum efficiency of 63.3% could be achieved. In the case of electrolysis, a system output of - 49.6 kWel with a system efficiency of 71.1% was measured with a steam utilization of 80%. Outlook In the future it is planned to implement new methods of the stack temperature control based on artificial neural networks. After a successful implementation, realistic load profiles are developed and examined during the system operation. As further development work in the area of SOC system technology, it is planned to investigate combinations with storage on the electrical and gas side, heat recuperation for district heating application as well as further demonstration projects in the area of co-electrolysis with corresponding upstream integration of different CO2 sources and downstream integration of synthesis technologies for the generation of chemicals and e-fuels. Acknowledgement The authors would like to thank their colleagues at Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH for their great support and the Helmholtz Society, the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research as well as the Ministry of Culture and Science of the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia for financing these activities as part of the Living Lab Energy Campus. References Frank M, Deja R, Peters R, Blum L, Stolten D. Bypassing renewable variability with a reversible solid oxide cell plant. Applied Energy. 2018; 217:101-12. Figure 1
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Wang, Ying, and Kuan Min Chen. "Trip-Generation Forecasting Model Based on Entropy of Land-Use Mixing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 738-739 (March 2015): 479–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.738-739.479.
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This study aimed to modify the traditional method of trip-generation by investigating the relation between trip generation and land use. Based on the interaction between urban land-use sorts and trip generation, the trip generation weights among different urban land-use sorts are determined by multiple regression analysis. Given full consideration of the land-use mixing degree, the entropy of traffic-zone-land-use mixing was calculated. An improved trip-generation model based on the entropy of land-use mixing was proposed by analyzing the relationship between trip-generation weight and land-use mixing degree. This method was tested through applying it to Xi’an urban trip generation forecasting. The result of the test shows that this method effectively illustrates the correlation between trip-generation demand and land-use mix sort, and has a better application prospect due to simple calculation, high reliability and feasibility.
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Dwivedi, Abhishek, and Rakesh Verma. "A Feasibility Study of Public Transport of Panna City Madhya Pradesh." Journal of Transportation Systems 7, no. 2 (June 3, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/jots.2022.v07i02.001.
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Public transport refers to the transport that is used by the public like bus, auto, van, etc. for travelling at various locations. Public transport makes the travel very safe and comfortable and easily a number of the public can travel at the same time which helps to reduce traffic congestion in the city. This research paper consists of a study and analysis of public transport in the Panna city Madhya Pradesh. The analysis is done with the help of a questionnaire made for road interview survey and after that modeling is done for trip attraction and production and trips produced by each household by regression method and gravity model of trip generation and the public route is proposed for travelling inside the city after analysis with this a feasibility of public transport is made for Panna city.
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Wang, Zi-jia, Jing-qi Li, Jiang-yue Wu, and Zhi-gang Yang. "Demand Analysis and Distribution of Single-Trip Ticket Cards for Urban Rail Transit." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (July 7, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5605479.
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In the current urban rail transit systems, nearly 15% of passengers are noncommuter travelers who use single-trip ticket cards (ticket cards). Accordingly, the effective management of ticket cards is of great importance. This article suggests a time series model for use in predicting ticket card storage based on the characteristics of ticket cards collected by an automatic fare collection (AFC) system. The distribution cycle, station types, and distribution volume of each station are also determined. Then, drawing on small package transportation feasibility theory, an unbalanced distribution model between production and demand (unbalanced distribution model), as well as a hybrid distribution model of loading and unloading (hybrid distribution model), is established. Application of these models to the Beijing Subway system is used to verify the efficiency and feasibility of such a hybrid distribution model. The analysis and results offer insights into usage patterns of urban rail transit ticket cards, providing solid evidence for a relative decision-making process.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Trip mode feasibility"
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Gruber, Johannes. "Das E-Lastenrad als Alternative im städtischen Wirtschaftsverkehr. Determinanten der Nutzung eines „neuen alten“ Fahrzeugkonzepts." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22349.
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Elektrifizierte Lastenfahrräder werden als ein Lösungsansatz für die wachsenden Herausforderungen des städtischen Wirtschaftsverkehrs gesehen. Fokus dieser Arbeit ist eine Abschätzung des Einsatzpotenzials dieses Fahrzeugkonzepts unter Betrachtung von konzeptionellen, verkehrlichen und wirtschaftlichen Aspekten. Als kumulative Dissertation enthält sie fünf Fachartikel, gruppiert zu drei Forschungsbeiträgen.
Im ersten Forschungsbeitrag wird erörtert, wie erfolgversprechend das E-Lastenrad, eine Neuauflage des alten Konzepts Lastenfahrrad, in einem Markt mit ersten Anwendern (Kurierdienstleistung) ist. Die Auftragsstruktur im Stadtkuriergeschäft bietet ein substanzielles Marktpotenzial für E-Lastenräder, allerdings erschwert die Positionierung zwischen zwei etablierten Modi (Pkw und Fahrrad) den Markteintritt.
Der zweite Teil der Analyse weitet den Blick auf alle Branchen und bietet eine strukturierte Beschreibung der verschiedenartigen Einflussfaktoren (Treiber und Hemmnisse), die auf die Lastenradnutzung im städtischen Wirtschaftsverkehr wirken. Als relevante Entscheidungskriterien konnten identifiziert werden: fahrzeugseitige Aspekte, Strukturen und Prozesse des adoptierenden Unternehmens, Einstellungen der Entscheider*innen, weiche Faktoren sowie regulative und räumliche Rahmenbedingungen.
Der dritte Beitrag thematisiert die operative Eignung des E-Lastenrads, indem seine Fahrtzeiten einem Pkw gegenübergestellt werden. Bei Strecken bis zu 3 km sind beide Modi nahezu gleich schnell. Die Hälfte aller Fahrten bis 20 km Distanz würde bei einem Wechsel vom Pkw zum Lastenrad höchstens 2–10 min länger dauern (ohne Berücksichtigung der Parksuchzeit). Bereits kleine Änderungen an den Verkehrsbedingungen könnten noch bestehende Vorteile des Pkw spürbar verringern.
Insgesamt erweitert die Arbeit maßgeblich das Wissen zu einem „neuen alten“ Fahrzeugkonzept, dem ein Potenzial zur Auflösung von bislang auf das Automobil hin ausgerichteten Systemen beigemessen wird.Shifting trips to electric cargo bikes is one possible solution to deal with the growing challenges of urban commercial transport. This thesis combines conceptual, transport-related, and economic aspects as a foundation to assess the feasibility of this vehicle concept for freight and service trips. It contains five scientific papers, which provide three research contributions. The first contribution identifies the potentials of electric cargo bikes among first users (i.e., courier logistics services). Electric cargo bikes are an updated and re-envisioned version of freight bicycles. The features of point-to-point courier logistics assignments offer a substantial market opportunity for electric cargo bikes. However, being positioned between two established modes (i.e., car and bicycle) handicaps the market entry of cargo bikes. For the second contribution, the scope was widened to include all business sectors. A structured description is presented of the various determinants (i.e., drivers and barriers) affecting commercial cargo bike use. Among these were vehicle-specific factors, structures and practices of the company, attitudes of decision-makers, soft factors, regulatory frameworks, and spatial conditions. The third contribution explores the travel time differences between electric cargo bikes and cars for commercial trips. For trip distances of up to 3 kilometers, the travel times of both modes largely overlap. Half of all trips up to 20 kilometers would take only a maximum of 2 to 10 minutes longer by electric cargo bike (excluding the additional time for finding a parking spot). Small modifications in traffic could have considerable effects in reducing the current travel time advantages of cars. Consequently, this dissertation contributes towards the state-of-research by expanding the scientific knowledge of a type of vehicle that has the potential to disrupt car-dependent transportation systems.
Book chapters on the topic "Trip mode feasibility"
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Konduri, Karthik C., Ram M. Pendyala, Daehyun You, Yi-Chang Chiu, Mark Hickman, Hyunsoo Noh, Paul Waddell, Liming Wang, and Brian Gardner. "The Application of an Integrated Behavioral Activity-Travel Simulation Model for Pricing Policy Analysis." In Data Science and Simulation in Transportation Research, 86–102. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4920-0.ch005.
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This chapter demonstrates the feasibility of applying an integrated microsimulation model of activity-travel demand and dynamic traffic assignment for analyzing the impact of pricing policies on traveler activity-travel choices. The model system is based on a dynamic integration framework wherein the activity-travel simulator and the dynamic traffic assignment model communicate with one another along the continuous time axis so that trips are routed and simulated on the network as and when they are generated. This framework is applied to the analysis of a system-wide pricing policy for a small case study site to demonstrate how the model responds to various levels of pricing. Case study results show that trip lengths, travel time expenditures, and vehicle miles of travel are affected to a greater degree than activity-trip rates and activity durations as a result of pricing policies. Measures of change output by the model are found to be consistent with elasticity estimates reported in the literature.
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Odarushchenko, Oleg, Valentyna Butenko, Elena Odarushchenko, and Evgene Ruchkov. "Tool-Based Assessment of Reactor Trip Systems Availability and Safety Using Markov Modeling." In Cyber Security and Safety of Nuclear Power Plant Instrumentation and Control Systems, 175–203. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3277-5.ch007.
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The accurate availability and safety assessment of a reactor trip system for nuclear power plants instrumentation and control systems (NPP I&C) application is an important task in the development and certification process. It can be conducted through probabilistic model-based evaluation with variety of tools and techniques (T&T). As each T&T is bounded by its application area, the careful selection of the appropriate one is highly important. This chapter presents the gap-analysis of well-known modeling approach—Markov modeling (MM), mainly for T&T selection and application procedures—and how one of the leading safety standards, IEC 61508, tracks those gaps. The authors discuss how main assessment risks can be eliminated or minimized using metric-based approach and present the safety assessment of typical NPP I&C system. The results analysis determines the feasibility of introducing new regulatory requirements for selection and application of T&T, which are used for MM-based assessment of availability and safety.
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Cui, Ze, Saishuai Huang, Zenghao Chen, Hongxin Yang, and Danjie Zhu. "Design, Simulation and Verification of a 7-DOF Joint Motion Simulation Platform." In Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence. IOS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia200798.
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The human body has many joints, and joint injuries frequently occur in various sports. To explore the biomechanical state of ligaments or muscles in human joints before and after damage, and to help doctors judge the damage and repair of joints, this article proposes a seven-degree-of-freedom platform based on three rotations spherical parallel mechanism for simulating human joint motion. Taking the knee joint as an example, this article simplified its model, and performed kinematics simulation by ADAMS to verify the feasibility of this mechanism. And based on the TRIO motion controller, we established the physical testing system. The correctness is finally verified by experiment in kind, which proves the feasibility of the joint motion simulation platform. And in terms of accuracy, it also performances very well. For example, when it needs to rotate 30∘ around the Y-axis, its actual rotation angle is 29.6∘, the error is less than 2%, and its translation error is also within 3%.
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Tsai, Wei-Ho, and Cin-Hao Ma. "Overlapping Singer Identification in Music Recordings." In Advances in Web Technologies and Engineering, 23–43. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7268-8.ch002.
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Singer identification (SID), which refers to the task of automatically identifying the singer(s) in a music recording, is of great help in handling the rapid proliferation of music data on the internet and digital media. Although a number of SID studies from acoustic features have been reported, most systems are designed to identify the singer in recordings of solo performances. Very little research has considered a more realistic case, which is to identify more than one singer in a music recording. The research presented in this chapter investigates the feasibility of identifying singers in music recordings that contain overlapping (simultaneous) singing voices (e.g., duet or trio singings). This problem is referred to as overlapping singer identification (OSID). Several approaches to OSID are discussed and evaluated in this chapter. In addition, a related issue on how to distinguish solo singings from overlapping singing recordings is also discussed.
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"Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation." In Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation, edited by Leroy J. Hushak, David O. Kelch, and Sophia J. Glenn. American Fisheries Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569124.ch26.
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<em>Abstract.—</em> Ohio constructed two artificial reefs beginning in 1986 in Lorain and Cuyahoga counties. The reefs were a demonstration project to evaluate the effects of reefs on fishing satisfaction and the feasibility of reef construction in other areas. Evaluation of the effects of reefs on recreational activity was viewed as essential for further reef development in Ohio and other Great Lakes states. A two-pronged research effort was undertaken: an underwater video investigation and a travel cost study. The travel cost study estimated the economic value derived from use of the Lorain County reef by sport anglers and divers. The results of this research were critical in supporting construction of a large artificial reef off the coast in Cleveland (Cuyahoga County) using rubble from the old Cleveland Stadium. From April to October 1992, 850 individuals who were willing to participate were contacted at Lorain County marinas and launch ramps. In early February 1993, these individuals were mailed questionnaires, with a second questionnaire mailed to nonrespondents in late February. Fifty-five percent responded. We estimated three alternative single-equation travel cost models. The most conservative estimate of consumer surplus (economic value) showed that the typical angler who used the reef in 1991 made nearly 10 more fishing trips during 1992 than the typical angler who did not use the reef in 1991, that is, nearly 26 trips in 1992 compared to 16 trips in 1992 by those who did not use the reef in 1991. The most conservative estimate of consumer surplus also showed that anglers who used the reef before 1992 valued total angling activity at US$302 more for the year 1992 than anglers who did not use the reef before 1992. When aggregated across all Lorain County anglers using the reef during 1991, the total value of the reef was $276,000 in 1992 compared to total construction costs of less than $100,000. Thus, the consumer surplus generated by the reef in one year exceeded construction costs by a wide margin.
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"Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation." In Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation, edited by Leroy J. Hushak, David O. Kelch, and Sophia J. Glenn. American Fisheries Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569124.ch26.
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<em>Abstract.—</em> Ohio constructed two artificial reefs beginning in 1986 in Lorain and Cuyahoga counties. The reefs were a demonstration project to evaluate the effects of reefs on fishing satisfaction and the feasibility of reef construction in other areas. Evaluation of the effects of reefs on recreational activity was viewed as essential for further reef development in Ohio and other Great Lakes states. A two-pronged research effort was undertaken: an underwater video investigation and a travel cost study. The travel cost study estimated the economic value derived from use of the Lorain County reef by sport anglers and divers. The results of this research were critical in supporting construction of a large artificial reef off the coast in Cleveland (Cuyahoga County) using rubble from the old Cleveland Stadium. From April to October 1992, 850 individuals who were willing to participate were contacted at Lorain County marinas and launch ramps. In early February 1993, these individuals were mailed questionnaires, with a second questionnaire mailed to nonrespondents in late February. Fifty-five percent responded. We estimated three alternative single-equation travel cost models. The most conservative estimate of consumer surplus (economic value) showed that the typical angler who used the reef in 1991 made nearly 10 more fishing trips during 1992 than the typical angler who did not use the reef in 1991, that is, nearly 26 trips in 1992 compared to 16 trips in 1992 by those who did not use the reef in 1991. The most conservative estimate of consumer surplus also showed that anglers who used the reef before 1992 valued total angling activity at US$302 more for the year 1992 than anglers who did not use the reef before 1992. When aggregated across all Lorain County anglers using the reef during 1991, the total value of the reef was $276,000 in 1992 compared to total construction costs of less than $100,000. Thus, the consumer surplus generated by the reef in one year exceeded construction costs by a wide margin.
Conference papers on the topic "Trip mode feasibility"
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Huang, Hui-Wen, Chunkuan Shih, Hung-Chih Hung, Kai-Lan Chang, Shu-Chuan Chen, Yu-Jen Pan, Mao-Sheng Tseng, Ming-Huei Chen, and Tsung-Chieh Cheng. "Development and D3 Application of ABWR Feedwater System Model." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75104.
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This work developed an Advanced Boiling Water Reactor (ABWR) feedwater pump and controller model, which was incorporated into Personal Computer Transient Analyzer (PCTran)-ABWR, a nuclear power plant simulation code. The feedwater pump model includes three turbine-driven feedwater pumps and one motor-driven feedwater pump. The feedwater controller includes a one-element / three-element water level controller and a specific feedwater speed controller for each feedwater pump. The performance tests, including inadvertent closure of all turbine control valves and one feedwater pump trip at 100% power, demonstrate the feasibility of dynamic response of incorporated model. Furthermore, a diversity and defense-in-depth analysis is performed to demonstrate the feasibility for motor-driven feedwater pump as an Emergency Core Cooling System (ECCS) automatic diverse back-up. In Lungmen Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), a diverse manual initiation means for the High Pressure Core Flooder (HPCF) loop C is designed as the back-up of digitalized Engineered Safety Features Actuation System (ESFAS). If the Motor-Driven Feedwater Pump (MDFWP) can be an automatic digital diverse back-up for ESFAS, Lungmen NPP would be more robust to defend against software common cause failure (CCF).
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Jetti, Siddhartha, and Vahid Motevalli. "A System Level Analysis of the Framework and Feasibility for Dual Air and Road Mode Vehicle." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-89205.
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The dual mode air-road vehicle is one of those concepts that have intrigued travelers and inventors for a long time. The quest for a vehicle that can be driven on the roads and flown in the sky started as early as the development of airplane by Wright brothers in 1906. With the ever growing traffic and congestion on the roads, increased security procedures at airports and airline hub-spoke system, the travel times for certain range of distances have increased in recent times creating a need for a dual mode vehicle. In the US, for the mid-range distances (200–500 mile), travel options available are limited for other than large population centers. Transportation by train or bus is often limited and involves multi-stops between desired destinations. Therefore, the mid-range travel is more likely accomplished by a car or an airline or sometimes both. Travel by car or airline for this ranged can consumes considerable time because of road, airport and air traffic congestions, security procedures and wait times. A survey published in 2004 by Bureau of Transportation Statistics [1] reveals that 200–500 mile trips account for about 31.8% of the total trips taken in the US. With the premise that a dual mode vehicle could be a potential solution for mid-range travel, particularly around a 300 mile distance, the present work aims at establishing a frame-work and performance envelope for this type vehicle, In other words, the roadable aircraft or the flying car. These vehicles are neither a high performance car nor a high performance aircraft. They are vehicles that have the capability to be driven on the roads and flown in the sky. The present study focuses on identifying the technical, operational and acceptability challenges that have to be overcome to build a dual mode vehicle. This paper also covers some preliminary design aspects like power-fuel requirements, wing-airfoil parameters and an approach to address the road mode issues arising due to the wing.
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Parks, James E., H. Douglas Ferguson, Aaron M. Williams, and John M. E. Storey. "Lean NOx Trap Catalysis for NOx Reduction in Natural Gas Engine Applications." In ASME 2004 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2004-0871.
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Reliable power generation and distribution is a critical infrastructure for the public and industry. Large-bore spark-ignited natural gas reciprocating engines are a reliable source of power generation. Lean operation enables efficient operation, and engines can conveniently be placed wherever natural gas resources are located. However, stricter emission regulations may limit the installation and use of more natural gas reciprocating engines if emissions cannot be reduced. Natural gas engine emissions of concern are generally methane, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). Methane and carbon monoxide can be controlled by oxidation catalysts; however NOx emissions are difficult to control in lean exhaust conditions. One method of reducing NOx in lean exhaust conditions is lean NOx trap catalysis. Lean NOx trap technologies (also known as NOx adsorber catalysts, NOx storage and reduction catalysts, etc.) have demonstrated >90% NOx reduction for diesel reciprocating engines and natural gas turbines. In the work presented here, the feasibility of a lean NOx trap catalyst for lean burn natural gas reciprocating engines will be studied. Tests were conducted on a Cummins 8.3-liter engine on a dynamometer. The lean Nox trap catalyst was controlled in a valved exhaust system that utilized natural gas as the catalyst reductant. Oxidation and reformer catalysts were used to enhance utilization of methane for catalyst regeneration. The feasibility of this approach will be discussed based on the observed NOx reduction and associated fuel penalties.
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Huo, Hongbo, Jinman Li, Zhong Li, Xiaocheng Zhang, Shiming He, Jie Xu, and Peng Dou. "The Feasibility Analysis of an Underground Natural Gas Storage Using a Depleted Offshore Gasfield." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21867-ms.
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Abstract Objectives/Scope Compared with the underground nature gas storage (UNGS) onshore, the offshore UNGS is further from residential areas and industrial areas, which can shave the peak of natural gas more safely. However, the investment of offshore engineering is higher. Offshore UNGS with reusing offshore depleted gas reservoir construction can not only solves the problems of offshore engineering structure and wells abandonment but also greatly reduces the investment. Methods, Procedures, Process According to the experience of UNGS onshore, the following factors were considered: reservoir buried depth, working gas volume, distance from land, etc. Based on one depleted gasfield in Bohai Bay, the feasibility analysis of an UNGS was carried out, the impact of the offshore UNGS on the environment, the sealing of the underground gas trap and the integrity of the wellbore were evaluated, and the result proves that the sealing of the underground gas trap of the gas field was good. The natural gas pipeline network subsea can provide transportation for the UNGS and compatible to be transformed into the offshore UNGS. However, for one thing, the poor wellbore integrity conditions and imperfect well pattern constraint the reusing, for another, the capacity of offshore facilities need to be improved. Results, Observations, Conclusions According to the economic evaluation, the investment of offshore depleted gas reservoir reusing as UNGS can be reduced by 56% compared with the construction of a new onshore UNGS, and 32% compared with the offshore gas field abandon. A new idea is provided for peak shaving of natural gas, greatly reducing the investment in gas storage construction. Experience has been accumulated by the feasibility analysis of offshore depleted gas field UNGS and that has a bright future. Novel/Additive Information The limitation of natural conditions on project construction, contingency plans for force majeure such as sea ice, storm and earthquake, etc are necessary to be considered, and its implementation still needs the support of the government and relevant non-governmental organizations
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Kirk, Antony, Grahame Knowles, Jill Stewart, and Chris Bingham. "Mathematical Development and Modelling of a Counter Balance Compensating Sleeve for the Suppression of Lateral Vibrations in High Speed Flexible Couplings." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95634.
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High speed drive shafts are traditionally balanced using trim balance weights applied to the shaft ends. This paper considers the development and theoretical analysis of a novel and alternative strategy of balancing long flexible coupling shafts, whereby the trim balancing weights are applied by the means of a pair of ‘Balancing Sleeve’ arms that are integrally attached to each end of the coupling shaft. The trim balance weights are intended to apply a corrective centrifugal force to the coupling shaft in order to limit shaft end reaction forces. With increasing speed, the magnitude of the corrective force also increases due to the flexibility of the balance sleeve. This thereby counteracts the increased coupling shaft unbalance resulting from its own flexibility. Additionally, it is also found that the mechanism imparts a corrective bending moment to the coupling shaft ends, which has a tendency to limit deflection. The methodology is modelled as a rotating simply supported shaft with uniform eccentricity and allows application to the problem of drivetrain balancing of sub-15MW industrial gas turbines. Results show that reaction loads can theoretically be reduced from 10,000 N to approximately zero. The bending moment applied to the shaft is also shown to reduce shaft deflection theoretically to zero. In practical applications this will be unrealistic and achievable results show deflection theoretically reduced by half. Analysis of the balance sleeve feasibility is considered through use of a three-dimensional finite element model. Further to this paper, the aim is to develop a full dynamic model of both shaft and counterbalance sleeve, with verification coming from scaled, experimental test facilities.
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Parks, James E. "Mitigation of Sulfur Effects on a Lean NOx Trap Catalyst by Sorbate Reapplication." In ASME 2007 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2007-1628.
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Lean NOx trap catalysis has demonstrated the ability to reduce NOx emissions from lean natural gas reciprocating engines by >90%. The technology operates in a cyclic fashion where NOx is trapped on the catalyst during lean operation and released and reduced to N2 under rich exhaust conditions; the rich cleansing operation of the cycle is referred to as “regeneration” since the catalyst is reactivated for more NOx trapping. Natural gas combusted over partial oxidation catalysts in the exhaust can be used to obtain the rich exhaust conditions necessary for catalyst regeneration. Thus, the lean NOx trap technology is well suited for lean natural gas engine applications. One potential limitation of the lean NOx trap technology is sulfur poisoning. Sulfur compounds directly bond to the NOx trapping sites of the catalyst and render them ineffective; over time, the sulfur poisoning leads to degradation in overall NOx reduction performance. In order to mitigate the effects of sulfur poisoning, a process has been developed to restore catalyst activity after sulfur poisoning has occurred. The process is an aqueous-based wash process that removes the poisoned sorbate component of the catalyst. A new sorbate component is reapplied after removal of the poisoned sorbate. The process is low cost and does not involve reapplication of precious metal components of the catalyst. Experiments were conducted to investigate the feasibility of the washing process on a lean 8.3-liter natural gas engine on a dynamometer platform. The catalyst was rapidly sulfur poisoned with bottled SO2 gas; then, the catalyst sorbate was washed and reapplied and performance was reevaluated. Results show that the sorbate reapplication process is effective at restoring lost performance due to sulfur poisoning. Specific details relative to the implementation of the process for large stationary natural gas engines will be discussed.
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Palmer, Carl A., Royce L. Abel, and Peter Sandvik. "Application of Silicon Carbide Photodiode Flame Temperature Sensors in an Active Combustion Pattern Factor Control System." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59023.
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This paper describes the development and initial application studies for an active combustion pattern factor controller (APFC) for gas turbines. The system is based around use of a novel silicon carbide (SiC) optical ultraviolet (UV) dual diode flame temperature sensor (FTS) developed by General Electric’s Global Research Center and GE Energy. The APFC system determines combustion flame temperatures, validates the values, and integrates an assessment of signal and combustion hardware health to determine how to trim the fuel flow to individual fuel nozzles. Key aspects of the system include: • Determination of each flame’s bulk temperature using the FTS. • Assessment of the reliability of the flame temperature data and physical combustion hardware health through analysis of the high frequency output of the sensor. • Validation of the flame temperature signal using a data-driven approach (model based validation - MBV). • Fusion of sensor ‘health indices’ into the APFC to alter the trim control signal based on the health (or ‘believability’) of each sensor and fuel nozzle/combustor. • Fault-tolerant peak/valley detection and control module that selects individual fuel valves to target for reducing pattern factor, while simultaneously balancing the overall fuel flow. The authors demonstrated feasibility of the approach by performing simulations using a quasi-2D T700 turbine engine model. Tests were run on the simulated platform with no faults, simulated sensor faults, and on a system with underlying combustion hardware issues. The final APFC system would be applicable for aviation, naval and land-based commercial gas turbines, and can be used in closed-loop control or adapted as an open-loop advisory / diagnostic system.
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Chang, Gray S., Blaine Grover, John T. Maki, and Misti A. Lillo. "The Feasibility Study of AGR 7-Position Fuel Testing Assembly in NEFT Position." In Fourth International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/htr2008-58098.
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In order to support the Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) Program 2018 deployment schedule, the Advanced Gas Reactor (AGR) Fuel Development and Qualification Program must reduce the AGR fuel irradiation testing time in the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) from approximately 2 1/2 calendar years to 1 1/2 calendar years. The AGR fuel irradiation testing requirements are: (a) burn-up of at least 14% FIMA; (b) Fast neutron fluence (E > 0.18 MeV) – maximum < 5.1 × 1025 n/m2; (c) limit of fission power density is 350 W/cc; and (d) irradiation time < 1 1/2 calendar years. The accelerated testing could be accomplished by utilizing the ATR North East flux trap (NEFT) position, which can provide more control of the thermal neutron flux rate than the ATR B-10 position currently being used for the AGR-1 fuel testing, which is regulated to achieve the fuel temperature and burn-up rate requirements. In addition, the Fast (E > 1.0 MeV) to Thermal (E < 0.625 eV) neutron flux ratio (F/T) for the NEFT is much harder (higher) than the F/T ratio for the B-10 position. Thus, an appropriate configuration of Beryllium (Be) and water will need to be determined in order to soften (lower) the F/T ratio to the desired value. The proposed AGR 7-position fuel test configuration in the NEFT will utilize a graphite holder consisting of six fuel specimen positions arranged around the perimeter of the graphite holder with a seventh fuel specimen position in the center of the holder. To soften the neutron spectrum in the fuel compacts, the water volume in the outer water annulus can be increased. To reduce the compact power density, a hafnium filter could be incorporated around the graphite holder. After several trials, a hafnium filter with a thickness of 0.008 inches appeared to adequately reduce the power density to achieve the fuel testing requirements. It was also determined that the chosen beryllium-tube and water annulus configuration would adequately soften the neutron spectrum to achieve the fuel testing requirement. This neutronics study is based upon typical ATR cycle operation of 50 effective full power days (EFPD) per cycle for seven proposed irradiation cycles, and a NE lobe power of the 14 MW. The MCWO-calculated fuel compact power density, burnup (% FIMA), and fast neutron fluence (E > 0.18 MeV) results indicate that the average fuel compact burnup and fast neutron fluence reach 14.79% FIMA and 4.16 × 1025 n/m2, respectively. The fuel compact peak burnup reached 16.68% FIMA with corresponding fast neutron fluence for that fuel compact of 5.06 × 1025 n/m2, which satisfied the fuel testing requirements. It is therefore concluded that accelerating the AGR fuel testing using the proposed AGR 7-position fuel test configuration in the NEFT is very feasible.
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Carroll, James M., Sean A. Burritt, Michael L. Calvisi, and Leal K. Lauderbaugh. "Nonlinear Dynamics of Ultrasound Contrast Agent Microbubbles: Simulation and Experimentation." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-66371.
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The nonlinear response of ultrasound contrast agent microbubbles is investigated through various simulations in regimes of clinical relevance. A spherical model is used based on a compressible form of the Rayleigh-Plesset equation that is combined with a thin-shell model developed by Lars Hoff to simulate the radial response of contrast agents subject to ultrasound. The response of a Sonazoid contrast agent is analyzed through the application of techniques from dynamical systems theory such as phase portraits, Poincaré sections, bifurcation diagrams, and Lyapunov exponents to illustrate the qualitative dynamics and transition to chaos that occurs under certain changes in system parameters. The dynamic response of the contrast agent is shown to be similar regardless of the filling gas assumed or the presence of blood or water as the external medium. The effect of continuous and pulsed acoustic forcing is also compared. Furthermore, an experimental setup for investigating the dynamic response of contrast agents subject to ultrasound is presented that uses a standing acoustic wave to trap and drive bubbles at a prescribed frequency. The feasibility of the apparatus is demonstrated through high-speed images of an air bubble trapped at the antinode of the acoustic chamber.
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Liu, Miao, and Yufeng Wu. "Design of electric bicycle for take-away delivery based on KANO model and TRIZ Theory." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001687.
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With the huge variables ushering in the Chinese takeaway market “COVID-19 pandemic”, there are more sinking user markets that continue to flood into it and the takeaway industry is booming. After the epidemic, the meaning of the word "takeaway" was extended from catering to food delivery, medicine delivery, and all kinds of necessities, and the takeaway delivery gradually accompanied the new retail consumption habits developed by users during the epidemic. In the whole service system of take-out delivery, with the increasing number of take-out delivery personnel, the take-out delivery e-bikes used are still ordinary travel e-bikes, lacking consideration and design of user behavior and usage scenarios. In the context of the new national standard "electric bicycle safety technical specifications" policy, there are still many takeaway delivery using electric bicycles do not meet the specifications, due to the delivery of limited time to arrive, a one-time delivery of overloaded goods and other cases of traffic accidents caused by frequent. This study introduces the KANO model and hierarchical analysis and TRIZ theory to study the real needs of users, and seeks to conduct innovative design research on take-away delivery electric bicycles.In the preliminary stage of the study, the secondary data research method was used to conduct preliminary summary research on a variety of businesses extending from the take-out industry, and the delivery process of riders in the take-out industry service system after receiving orders was derived through observation, interview, focus group discussion, and questionnaire research methods. Based on the KANO model framework to classify and prioritize user requirements, the non-linear relationship between product features and user satisfaction is identified based on the analysis of the impact of user requirements on user satisfaction. Recognize product and service requirements from the user's perspective, design and publish a valid questionnaire, summarize and classify the survey results, and build a quality model. Further research and analysis of the quality model to identify the sensitivity of specific measurement indicators. Combined with the hierarchical analysis method, the elements within the same level are compared in two-by-two analysis to determine their respective weights for the previous level, and finally give the importance ranking of all factors relative to the total goal, and finally tap into the real user needs. The TRIZ theory is then used to provide systematic theoretical and methodological tools for problem transformation, analysis and solution of needs creatively using innovative thinking methods and problem analysis methods, following the laws of technological system evolution. The KANO model and hierarchical analysis method are effectively combined with TRIZ theory to gradually quantify the qualitative analysis, which can generate more objective research data conclusions and provide innovative ideas for the design research of electric bicycle for delivery.In this study, the different needs of users are organized and differentiated in a hierarchical manner through KANO model analysis, combined with different emotional hierarchical need points of users. Predict the direction of users' emotional needs for the product, and match their emotional requirements with the product at different levels. Combined with the interview research, the design study was conducted taking into account the human-machine factors for the take-away delivery electric bicycle. In line with the new national standard policy, the delivery time of the rider is guaranteed at the same time, the area of the delivery goods and pick-up efficiency is improved, and the riding experience and safety of the rider are also taken into account. This is a research exploration of the takeaway delivery industry.This study combines the KANO model, hierarchical analysis and TRIZ theory to design a study on the process of users for take-out delivery. Through an in-depth study of user behavior, combined with the quantitative study of hierarchical analysis, different levels of demand are derived. Then, through TRIZ theory and emotional design, the take-out delivery service system was optimized and the innovative design of the take-out delivery bicycle was studied. In this study, based on the KANO model approach, the visual experience is designed from the appearance and user experience, giving the electric bicycle emotional factors to form a design that meets the user's needs. The whole design process also explored the correlation between design emotional needs and design form. The design solution evaluation results verified the effectiveness and feasibility of the KANO model approach to user needs analysis in product design and provided an effective solution for the design innovation of electric bicycle for take-away delivery.
Reports on the topic "Trip mode feasibility"
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Konstantinou, Theodora, Donghui Chen, Konstantinos Flaris, Kyubyung Kang, Dan Daehyun Koo, Jonathon Sinton, Konstantina Gkritza, and Samuel Labi. A Strategic Assessment of Needs and Opportunities for the Wider Adoption of Electric Vehicles in Indiana. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317376.
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The primary objective of this study was to assess the challenges and opportunities associated with the provision of appropriate infrastructure to support electric vehicle (EV) operations and electrification across Indiana. A secondary objective of this study was to develop a strategic plan for INDOT that outlines new business opportunities for developing EV charging stations. To achieve these objectives, the project team assessed current and emerging trends in EV operations, particularly EV charging infrastructure and EV demand forecasting. They also examined opportunities for the strategic deployment of EV charging stations by identifying EV infrastructure deficit areas; investigated the impact of EV adoption on highway revenue and the feasibility of new revenue structures; and evaluated strategic partnerships and business models. The agent-based simulation model developed for future long distance EV trip scenarios enables INDOT to identify EV energy deficient areas for current and future energy charging demand scenarios, and it can support Indiana’s strategic plans for EV charging infrastructure development. The results of the revenue impact analysis can inform INDOT’s revenue model. The estimations of the recovery EV fee, the VMT fee, and pay-as-you-charge fee that break-even the fuel tax revenue loss can be used by INDOT in pilot programs to capture users’ perspectives and estimate appropriate fee rates and structures. The insights obtained from the stakeholder interviews can be used to enhance preparedness for increasing EV adoption rates across vehicle classes and to strengthen the engagement of different entities in the provision of charging infrastructure.