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Academic literature on the topic 'Triiodothyronine Analysis'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Triiodothyronine Analysis"

1

ZANINOVICH, ANGEL A., ELIAS EL TAMER, SARA EL TAMER, MARIA I. NOLI, and MARGUERITE T. HAYS. "Multicompartmental Analysis of Triiodothyronine Kinetics in Hypothyroid Patients Treated Orally or Intravenously with Triiodothyronine." Thyroid 4, no. 3 (January 1994): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/thy.1994.4.285.

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2

Wilke, T. J., and H. T. Eastment. "Discriminative ability of tests for free and total thyroid hormones in diagnosing thyroid disease." Clinical Chemistry 32, no. 9 (September 1, 1986): 1746–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/32.9.1746.

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Abstract We assessed the sensitivity, specificity, predictive value of a positive result, and efficiency of tests for total thyroxin, free thyroxin index, free thyroxin, total triiodothyronine, free triiodothyronine index, and free triiodothyronine in serum from 1619 consecutive new patients with suspected thyroid dysfunction. Multivariate discriminant analysis was also used. Free thyroxin index and free thyroxin were clearly the most sensitive indicators of hypothyroidism. In contrast, all of these tests identified hyperthyroidism with similar efficiencies. By stepwise discriminant analysis, the free thyroxin index was the most efficient test for distinguishing between euthyroidism and hyperthyroidism and between euthyroidism and hypothyroidism. The combination of tests for total thyroxin, free thyroxin index, triiodothyronine, and free triiodothyronine was optimal for separating euthyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroidism. We conclude that the free thyroxin index, despite the introduction of newer technologies, is still the best thyroid hormone test for screening for thyroid disease.
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3

Steele, Bernard W., Edward Wang, George G. Klee, Linda M. Thienpont, Steven J. Soldin, Lori J. Sokoll, William E. Winter, Susan A. Fuhrman, and Ronald J. Elin. "Analytic Bias of Thyroid Function Tests: Analysis of a College of American Pathologists Fresh Frozen Serum Pool by 3900 Clinical Laboratories." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 129, no. 3 (March 1, 2005): 310–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2005-129-310-abotft.

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Abstract Context.—In proficiency testing surveys, there are differences in the values reported by users of various analytic methods. Two contributors to this variation are calibrator bias and matrix effects of proficiency testing materials. Objectives.—(1) To quantify the biases of the analytic methods used to measure thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, and free triiodothyronine levels; (2) to determine if these biases are within allowable limits; and (3) to ascertain if proficiency testing materials correctly identify these biases. Design.—A fresh frozen serum specimen was mailed as part of the 2003 College of American Pathologists Ligand and Chemistry surveys. The means and SDs for each analytic method were determined for this sample as well as for a proficiency testing sample from both surveys. In the fresh frozen serum sample, target values for thyroxine and triiodothyronine were determined by isotope dilution/liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. All other target values in the study were the median of the means obtained for the various analytic methods. Main Outcome Measures.—Calibration biases were calculated by comparing the mean of each analytic method with the appropriate target values. These biases were evaluated against limits based on intra- and interindividual biological variation. Matrix effects of proficiency testing materials were assessed by comparing the rank of highest to lowest analytic method means (Spearman rank test) for each analyte. Participants.—Approximately 3900 clinical laboratories were enrolled in the College of American Pathologists Chemistry and Ligand surveys. Results.—The number of methods in the Ligand Survey that failed to meet the goals for bias was 7 of 17 for thyroid-stimulating hormone and 11 of 13 for free thyroxine. The failure rates were 12 of 16 methods for thyroxine, 8 of 11 for triiodothyronine, and 9 of 11 for free triiodothyronine. The means of the analytic method for the proficiency testing material correlated significantly (P < .05) only with the fresh frozen serum means for thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone in the Chemistry Survey and free triiodothyronine in the Ligand Survey. Conclusions.—A majority of the methods used in thyroid function testing have biases that limit their clinical utility. Traditional proficiency testing materials do not adequately reflect these biases.
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4

Pilo, A., G. C. Zucchelli, M. R. Chiesa, G. F. Bolelli, and A. Albertini. "Components of variance analysis of data produced in a national quality-control survey of radioimmunoassays of thyroxin, triiodothyronine, thyrotropin, prolactin, and progesterone." Clinical Chemistry 32, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/32.1.171.

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Abstract Data collected in a collaborative survey for radioimmunoassays have been studied by using analysis of variance to estimate the within-kit (CVw.kit) and the between-kit (CVb.kit) components of the total variability (CVT). This analysis has been applied to the results for triiodothyronine, thyroxin, thyrotropin, prolactin, and progesterone produced by 80-150 laboratories that assayed blind, replicate samples. Total variability was lowest in the thyroxin assay (CVT = 10.9%), associated with a very close between-kit agreement (CVb.kit = 4.0%); in the triiodothyronine assay, on the other hand, the large between-kit component (CVb.kit = 10.1%) increased the total variability to 16.1%. In the prolactin assay the CVT of 19.3% included 17.5% CVw.kit and 8.1% CVb.kit. Assays for thyrotropin and progesterone involve analyses of two pools at different hormone concentrations. The CVb.kit component was very high in the low-concentration pool, both for thyrotropin (25.1%) and progesterone (45.2%); in the higher-concentration pool it decreased to 8.3% for thyrotropin but remained high (21.6%) for progesterone. Applying analysis of variance to the triiodothyronine and thyroxin data obtained by different laboratories using the same kit showed that most kits yielded significantly different measurements when used in different laboratories.
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5

Faber, Jens, Carsten Kirkegaard, Bo Jørgensen, and Jørgen Kludt. "The hidden, nonexchangeable pool of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine and 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine in man: does it exist?" Acta Endocrinologica 120, no. 5 (May 1989): 667–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1200667.

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Abstract. The validity of estimation of the production rates of T3 and rT3 in man based on noncompartmental analysis of blood-derived data has been questioned owing to incomplete exchangeability of T3 and rT3 between plasma and extrathyroidal tissues in which a local production of these iodothyronines takes place. The possible existence of a nonexchangeable or hidden pool of T3 and rT3 would result in an underestimation of the daily production. By contrast, the production rate of T4 can be estimated reliably using noncompartmental analysis. We have studied 16 women with pretreatment severe hypothyroidism on constant levothyroxine therapy. Simultaneous measurements of T4, T3 and rT3 production rates were performed using bolus injection of radiolabelled iodothyronines. The tracers were isolated from plasma using gel separation/antibody extraction, and production rates were calculated by noncompartmental analysis. Mean (± sd) production rate of T4, T3 and rT3 were: 119 ± 43, 40.0 ± 22.0 and 54.9 ± 20.0 nmol · day−1 · (70 kg)−1, respectively. Thus 79.5 ± 7.0% of T4 was deiodinated into T3 and rT3. This leaves 20.5% to other metabolic pathways of T4 and to a possible underestimation of T3 and rT3 production rate. Based on conservative estimates from the literature, the other metabolic pathways of T4 amount: oxidative deamination 1.1%; ether link cleavage 0%; urinary excretion 2.5%; and fecal excretion 14%. Thus, the various metabolic pathways seem to explain 97% of daily produced and degradated T4 in man. Therefore the understimation of T3 and rT3 production rates in man using noncompartmental analysis seems of little if any importance, and existence of a hidden pool of these iodothyronines may be questioned.
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6

Wang, Tao, Betty S. Y. Wan, Sinikka K. Makela, and Graham Ellis. "Interference in triiodothyronine (T3) analysis on the immuno 1 analyzer." Clinical Biochemistry 28, no. 1 (February 1995): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-9120(94)00064-3.

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7

Toloza, Freddy J. K., Yuanjie Mao, Lakshmi P. Menon, Gemy George, Madhura Borikar, Patricia J. Erwin, Richard R. Owen, and Spyridoula Maraka. "ASSOCIATION OF THYROID FUNCTION WITH POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS." Endocrine Practice 26, no. 10 (October 2020): 1173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4158/ep-2020-0104.

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Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis describing the association of thyroid function with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults. Methods: The authors conducted a comprehensive search from databases’ inception to July 20, 2018. The meta-analysis included studies that reported mean values and standard deviation (SD) of thyroid hormone levels (thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH], free thyroxine [FT4], free triiodothyronine [FT3], total T4 [TT4], and total T3 [TT3]) in patients with PTSD compared with controls. Five reviewers worked independently, in duplicate, to determine study inclusion, extract data, and assess risk of bias. The mean value and SD of the thyroid function tests were used to calculate the mean difference for each variable. Random-effects models for meta-analyses were applied. Results: The meta-analysis included 10 observational studies at low-to-moderate risk of bias. Studies included 674 adults (373 PTSD, 301 controls). The meta-analytic estimates showed higher levels of FT3 (+0.28 pg/mL; P = .001) and TT3 (+18.90 ng/dL; P = .005) in patients with PTSD compared to controls. There were no differences in TSH, FT4, or TT4 levels between groups. In the subgroup analysis, patients with combat-related PTSD still had higher FT3 (+0.36 pg/mL; P = .0004) and higher TT3 (+31.62 ng/dL; P<.00001) compared with controls. Conversely, patients with non–combat-related PTSD did not have differences in FT3 or TT3 levels compared with controls. Conclusion: There is scarce evidence regarding the association of thyroid disorders with PTSD. These findings add to the growing literature suggesting that thyroid function changes may be associated with PTSD. Abbreviations: DSM = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; FT3 = free triiodothyronine; FT4 = free thyroxine; MD = mean difference; PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; TBG = thyroxine-binding globulin; TSH = thyroid-stimulating hormone; TT3 = total triiodothyronine; TT4 = total thyroxine
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8

Cheng, L. Y., L. V. Outterbridge, N. D. Covatta, D. A. Martens, J. T. Gordon, and M. B. Dratman. "Film autoradiography identifies unique features of [125I]3,3'5'-(reverse) triiodothyronine transport from blood to brain." Journal of Neurophysiology 72, no. 1 (July 1, 1994): 380–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1994.72.1.380.

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1. Steady-state iodothyronine profiles in plasma are composed of thyroid gland-synthesized hormones (mainly thyroxine) and tissue iodothyronine metabolites (mainly triiodothyronine and reverse triiodothyronine) that have entered the bloodstream. The hormones circulate in noncovalently bound complexes with a panoply of carrier proteins. Transthyretin (TTR), the major high-affinity thyroid hormone binding protein in rat plasma, is formed in the liver. It is also actively and independently synthesized in choroid plexus, where its function as a chaperone of thyroid hormones from bloodstream to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is undergoing close scrutiny by several groups of investigators. Because TTR has high-affinity binding sites for both thyroxine and retinol binding protein, its potential role as a mediator of combined thyroid hormone and retinoic acid availability in brain is of further interest. 2. While they are in the free state relative to their binding proteins, iodothyronines in the cerebral circulation are putatively subject to transport across both the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and choroid plexus CSF barrier (CSFB) before entering the brain. Previous autoradiographic studies had already indicated that after intravenous administration the transport mechanisms governing thyroxine and triiodothyronine entry into brain were probably similar, whereas those for reverse triiodothyronine were very different, although the basis for the difference was not established at that time. Intense labeling seen over brain ventricles after intravenous administration of all three iodothyronines suggested that all were subject to transport across the CSFB. 3. To evaluate the role of the BBB and CSFB in determining iodothyronine access to brain parenchyma, autoradiograms prepared after intravenous administration of [125I]-labeled hormones (revealing results of transport across both barriers) were compared with those prepared after intrathecal (icv) hormone injection (reflecting only their capacity to penetrate into the brain after successfully navigating the CSFB). 4. Those studies revealed that thyroxine and triiodothyronine were mainly transported across the BBB. They shared with reverse triiodothyronine a generally similar, limited pattern of penetration from CSF into the brain, with circumventricular organs likely to be the main recipients of iodothyronines (with or without retinol) transported across the CSFB. 5. Analysis of all of the images obtained after intravenous and icv hormone administration clarified the basis for the unique distribution of intravenously injected reverse triiodothyronine. The hormone is excluded by the BBB but may be subject to limited penetration into brain parenchyma via the CSF. 6. Overall the observations single out reverse triiodothyronine as the iodothyronine showing the most distinctive as well as the most limited pattern of transport from blood to brain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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9

Karapitta, Christina D., Theodore G. Sotiroudis, Athanassios Papadimitriou, and Aristotelis Xenakis. "Homogeneous Enzyme Immunoassay for Triiodothyronine in Serum." Clinical Chemistry 47, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/47.3.569.

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Abstract Background: The concentration of triiodothyronine (T3) in human serum is extremely low and can be determined only by very sensitive methods. We developed a homogeneous enzyme immunoassay for T3 analysis in unextracted serum. Methods: A T3 derivative was conjugated to the −SH groups of glycogen phosphorylase b (GPb) from rabbit muscle. Conjugation caused inhibition of enzyme activity, and the enzyme conjugate was reactivated upon binding of anti-T3 antibody. Activation was blocked by the presence of non-antibody-bound T3; this was the basis for the development of the homogeneous enzyme immunoassay for T3 by determining GPb activity fluorometrically. Results: We used furosemide to block the interaction of T3 with serum proteins with T3-binding sites, avoiding any serum treatment step. T3 was measured in the range 0.3–8 μg/L. T3 values obtained by this assay correlated well with those obtained by a RIA (y = 0.97x − 0.07 μg/L; r = 0.96; n = 92). Within- and between-run imprecision (CV) was 5–9% for normal and high concentrations and 16–20% for low concentrations. Conclusions: Chemical modification of GPb with a T3 derivative allows the development of a simple homogeneous enzyme immunoassay for T3 in unextracted serum.
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10

Pilo, A., G. Iervasi, F. Vitek, M. Ferdeghini, F. Cazzuola, and R. Bianchi. "Thyroidal and peripheral production of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine in humans by multicompartmental analysis." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 258, no. 4 (April 1, 1990): E715—E726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1990.258.4.e715.

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Multicompartmental analysis of thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) kinetics based on the plasma disappearance curves of the two tracer hormones (J. J. DiStefano III, M. Jang, T. K. Malone, and M. Broutman. Endocrinology 110: 198-213, 1982 and J. J. DiStefano III, T. K. Malone, and M. Jang. Endocrinology 111: 108-117, 1982) was extended to include additional experimental data, namely, the appearance curve in plasma of labeled T3 generated in vivo from precursor T4. Kinetic analysis of data obtained in 14 studies carried out in normal subjects by using a composite six-pool model made it possible to quantify the contributions of the thyroid (3.3 micrograms.day-1.m-2) and the periphery (12.7 micrograms.day-1.m-2) to T3 production. T4 monodeiodination occurred mainly in peripheral tissues rapidly exchanging with plasma (10.7 micrograms T3.day-1.m-2), whereas only 2.0 micrograms T3.day-1.m-2 arose in slowly exchanging tissues. In contrast, if plasma disappearance curves only were analyzed, a value of 10.9 micrograms T3.day-1.m-2 was calculated for peripheral conversion in slowly exchanging tissues; this underscores the need for additional data, such as the [125I]T3 plasma appearance curve for the partition of central and peripheral production of T3.
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