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Journal articles on the topic 'Trigger logic'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

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1

Brooke, J. J., D. G. Cussans, G. P. Heath, A. J. Maddox, D. M. Newbold, and P. D. Rabbetts. "Trigger processing using reconfigurable logic in the CMS calorimeter trigger." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 461, no. 1-3 (April 2001): 505–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(00)01284-5.

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2

Singh, Nikhil, Siddharth Shekhar, Anita Angeline, and Kanchana Bhaaskaran V. S. "Schmitt Trigger Designs Using Domino Logic Style." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 8885–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.8885ecst.

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The advancements in the VLSI regime at lower technology node necessitate robust circuit design. Schmitt trigger design using domino logic style exhibit better hysteresis, higher noise margin, and reduced power consumption while compared to static CMOS Schmitt trigger design. This paper proposes three different Schmitt trigger designs based on domino logic style which produces a stable output with increased robustness against noise. The evaluation of dynamic logic-based Schmitt trigger using only NMOS transistors makes high speed operation feasible with reduced power consumption and increased hysteresis. The design, simulation, and analysis of the circuits are performed using Cadence Virtuoso using GPDK 180 nm technology library.

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3

Kulakova, A. A., and E. B. Lukyanenko. "Optimized Trigger Circuits on Logic CMOS-Elements." Nano- i Mikrosistemnaya Tehnika 22, no. 3 (March 26, 2020): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/nmst.22.172-176.

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4

Imbergamo, E., A. Nappi, A. Papi, A. Riccini, and M. Valdata. "Fast trigger logic with digitized time information." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 597, no. 2-3 (December 2008): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2008.09.012.

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5

Safari, Maryam, Vincent Bicudo de Castro, and Ileana Steccolini. "The interplay between home and host logics of accountability in multinational corporations (MNCs): the case of the Fundão dam disaster." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 33, no. 8 (June 9, 2020): 1761–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-03-2019-3912.

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PurposeThe major purpose of this paper is to answer the overarching questions of how multinational corporations (MNCs) address the multiple institutional logics of accountability and pressures of the field in which they operate and how the dominant logic changes and shifts in response to such pressures pre- and post-disaster situation.Design/methodology/approachIn-depth interpretive textual analyses of multiple longitudinal data sets are conducted to study the case of the Fundão dam disaster. The data sources include historical documents, academic articles and public institutional press releases from 2000 to 2016, covering the environment leading to the case study incident and its aftermath.FindingsThe findings reveal how MNCs' plurality of and, at times, conflicting institutional logics shape the organizational behaviors, actions and nonactions of actors pre-, peri- and post-disaster. More specifically, the predominance bureaucracy embedded in the state-corporatist logic of the host country before a disaster allows the strategic subunit of an MNC to continue operating while causing various forms of environmental damage until a globally visible disaster triggers a reversal in the dominant logic toward the embrace of wider, global, emergent social and environmental accountability.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to discussions regarding the need to explore in depth of how MNCs respond to multiple institutional pressures in practice. This study extends the literature concerning disaster accountability, state-corporatism and logic-shifting by exploring how MNCs respond to the plurality of institutional logics and pressures over time and showing how, in some cases, logics not only reinforce but also contrast with each other and how a globally exposed disaster may trigger a shift in the dominant logic governing MNCs' responses.

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McCROSKEY, ROB. "THE $D\emptyset$ LEVEL 1 TRIGGER SYSTEM." International Journal of Modern Physics A 16, supp01c (September 2001): 1162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x0100920x.

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We describe the Level 1 muon trigger system for Run II of the [Formula: see text] colliding beam experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron. The muon trigger logic makes use of tracks from the central fiber tracker and hits from muon detector elements which include both scintillator and drift tube arrays. Details of the FPGA trigger logic and trigger simulation results are given. Extensive use is made of Gbit/s serial links in order to transmit data to the Level 1 muon trigger system. Results on error rates from these Gbit/s serial links using up to 200 feet of coaxial cable are presented.

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Morodei, F. "Status of the Level-0 ATLAS barrel muon trigger for High-Luminosity LHC." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 02 (February 1, 2023): C02047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/02/c02047.

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Abstract The Muon Spectrometer of the ATLAS detector will be substantially modified during the Phase-II Upgrade to cope with the higher particle rates and radiation levels of the High-Luminosity LHC. The entire trigger and readout electronics of the Resistive Plates Chambers will be replaced. The Resistive Plate Chambers’ hit data will be collected by on-detector Data Transmitter and Collector boards and will be sent off-detector to the Sector Logic boards, which will perform the Level-0 barrel muon trigger algorithm and the readout logic. This contribution presents the design of the Phase-II barrel muon trigger and data acquisition system and the development of the barrel Sector Logic board firmware and its challenges.

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8

Karstens, F., and S. Trippel. "Programmable trigger logic unit based on FPGA technology." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 52, no. 4 (August 2005): 1192–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2005.852669.

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9

Ammendola, R., A. Biagioni, A. Ciardiello, P. Cretaro, O. Frezza, G. Lamanna, F. Lo Cicero, et al. "Progress report on the online processing upgrade at the NA62 experiment." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 04 (April 1, 2022): C04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/04/c04002.

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Abstract A new FPGA-based low-level trigger processor has been installed at the NA62 experiment. It is intended to extend the features of its predecessor due to a faster interconnection technology and additional logic resources available on the new platform. With the aim of improving trigger selectivity and exploring new architectures for complex trigger computation, a GPU system has been developed and a neural network on FPGA is in progress. They both process data streams from the ring imaging Cherenkov detector of the experiment to extract in real time high level features for the trigger logic. Description of the systems, latest developments and design flows are reported in this paper.

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10

Wang, Jing, and Tao Feng. "Securing Remote State Estimation against Sequential Logic Attack of Sensor Data." Applied Sciences 12, no. 4 (February 21, 2022): 2259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12042259.

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The SCADA system, which is widely used in the continuous monitoring and control of the physical process of modern critical infrastructure, relies on the feedback control loop. The remote state estimation system triggers the control algorithm or control condition of the controller according to the monitoring data returned by the sensor. The controller sends the control command to the actuator, and the actuator executes the command to control the physical process. Since SCADA system monitoring and control data are usually transmitted through unprotected wireless communication networks, attackers can use false sensor data to trigger control algorithms to make wrong decisions, disrupt the physical processing of the SCADA system, and cause huge economic losses, even casualties. We found an attack strategy based on the sequential logic of sensor data. This kind of attack changes the time logic or sequence logic of the response data, so that the false data detector can be successfully deceived. This would cause the remote state estimation system to trigger wrong control algorithms or control conditions, and eventually disrupt or destroy the physical process. This paper proposes a sequential signature scheme based on the one-time signature to secure the sequential logic and transmission of sensor data. The security analysis proves that the proposed scheme can effectively resist counterfeiting, forgery, denial, replay attacks, and selective forwarding attacks.

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11

Zhang, Xian-Ming, and Qing-Long Han. "Network-based filtering using a logic jumping-like trigger." Automatica 49, no. 5 (May 2013): 1428–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2013.01.060.

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12

Clearwater, S., W. Cleland, F. Provost, E. Stern, and Z. Zhang. "A real-time expert system for trigger-logic monitoring." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 293, no. 1-2 (August 1990): 491–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(90)91488-w.

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13

Amir, Roey J., Mikhail Popkov, Richard A. Lerner, Carlos F. Barbas, and Doron Shabat. "Prodrug Activation Gated by a Molecular “OR” Logic Trigger." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 44, no. 28 (July 11, 2005): 4378–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200500842.

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Amir, Roey J., Mikhail Popkov, Richard A. Lerner, Carlos F. Barbas, and Doron Shabat. "Prodrug Activation Gated by a Molecular “OR” Logic Trigger." Angewandte Chemie 117, no. 28 (July 11, 2005): 4452–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.200500842.

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15

Mizukami, Atsushi. "ATLAS Level-1 Endcap Muon Trigger for Run 3." EPJ Web of Conferences 245 (2020): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202024501002.

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The Large Hadron Collider is expected to operate with a centre-ofmass energy of 14 TeV and an instantaneous luminosity of 2.0 1034 cm−2s−1 for Run 3 scheduled from 2021 to 2024. In order to cope with the high event rate, an upgrade of the ATLAS trigger system is required. The level-1 endcap muon trigger system identifies muons with high transverse momentum by combining data from fast muon trigger detectors, called Thin Gap Chambers on the Big Wheel. Inner muon detectors (the Small Wheel and the Tile Calorimeter) coincidence was introduced to reduce fake muon contamination. In the ongoing Phase-1 upgrade the present Small Wheel is replaced with the New Small Wheel and additional Resistive Plate Chambers are installed in the inner region of the ATLAS muon spectrometer for the endcap muon trigger. Precision track information from the new detectors can be used as part of the muon trigger logic to enhance the performance significantly. The trigger processor board, Sector Logic, has been upgraded to handle the additional data from the new detectors. The new Sector Logic board has a modern FPGA to make use of Multi-Gigabit transceiver technology, which is used to receive data from the new detectors. The readout system for trigger data has also been re-designed to minimize the use of custom electronics and instead use commercial computers and network switches, by using TCP/IP for the data transfer. The new readout system uses a software-based data-handling. This paper describes the development of the level-1 endcap muon trigger and its readout system for Run 3.

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Thomas, Rhiannon, Russell Deighton, Masashi Mizuno, and Sosei Yamaguchi and Chiyo Fujii. "Shame and self-conscious emotions in Japan and Australia: Evidence for a third shame logic." Culture & Psychology 26, no. 3 (June 3, 2019): 622–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354067x19851024.

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Few studies have examined the more nuanced experiential facets of self-conscious emotion from a cross-cultural perspective. The present study’s aim was to investigate shame and embarrassment experiences in relation to shame logics (or appraisals), shame antecedents and intensity across cultures in Australia and Japan, drawing on Fessler’s Dual Logics Model of Shame ( Fessler, 2004 ), and applying a new instrument (The Self-Conscious Emotion Questionnaire). There were 157 participants from two cultures, Japan (75) and Australia (82) who completed both paper-based and web-based questionnaires. Previous findings showing a higher experienced shame intensity found in Japan were corroborated across all shame and embarrassment logics. While the logic of ‘norm non-conformity’ was the strongest logic in both cultures, the logic of ‘status lowness’ was prominent in Japan but not Australia, and the novel logic of ‘broken positive assumptions about the self’ was prominent in both cultures. Shame in Japan appeared to be stronger with an introspective ‘eyes of self’ but explicitly described trigger, whereas in Australia, it was more publicly ‘eyes of other’ and implicitly induced counter to some expectations. Findings support the Self-Conscious Emotion Questionnaire as an instrument for exploring nuanced aspects of self-conscious emotion in cross-cultural research and lend support to a novel third logic of ‘broken positive assumptions about the self’ in both Australian and Japanese samples.

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17

Ask, S., D. Berge, P. Borrego-Amaral, D. Caracinha, N. Ellis, P. Farthouat, P. Gãllnö, et al. "The ATLAS central level-1 trigger logic and TTC system." Journal of Instrumentation 3, no. 08 (August 7, 2008): P08002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/p08002.

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18

Hoff, J., M. Johnson, R. Lipton, and G. Magazzu. "Readout chip for an L1 tracking trigger using asynchronous logic." Journal of Instrumentation 7, no. 08 (August 23, 2012): C08004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/7/08/c08004.

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19

Battisti, M., J. Bayer, M. Bertaina, A. Cummings, J. Eser, F. Fenu, A. Jung, M. Mignone, H. Miyamoto, and K. Shinozaki. "Performance results of the trigger logic implemented in EUSO-SPB." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 936 (August 2019): 349–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2018.11.002.

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20

Di Odoardo, A., A. Geraci, G. Ripamonti, and M. Seminari. "A fully digital architecture for trigger circuits in programmable logic." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 49, no. 6 (December 2002): 3314–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2002.806203.

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21

Spires, W. L., T. A. Mottes, J. K. Schaffzin, C. Barclay, S. L. Goldstein, and E. S. Kirkendall. "Development and Performance of Electronic Acute Kidney Injury Triggers to Identify Pediatric Patients at Risk for Nephrotoxic Medication-associated Harm." Applied Clinical Informatics 05, no. 02 (2014): 313–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/aci-2013-12-ra-0102.

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Summary Background: Nephrotoxic medication-associated acute kidney injury (NTMx-AKI) is a costly clinical phenomenon and more common than previously recognized. Prior efforts to use technology to identify AKI have focused on detection after renal injury has occurred. Objectives: Describe an approach and provide a technical framework for the creation of risk-stratifying AKI triggers and the development of an application to manage the AKI trigger data. Report the performance characteristics of those triggers and the refinement process and on the challenges of implementation. Methods: Initial manual trigger screening guided design of an automated electronic trigger report. A web-based application was designed to alleviate inefficiency and serve as a user interface and central workspace for the project. Performance of the NTMx exposure trigger reports from September 2011 to September 2013 were evaluated using sensitivity (SN), specificity (SP), positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV). Results: Automated reports were created to replace manual screening for NTMx-AKI. The initial performance of the NTMx exposure triggers for SN, SP, PPV, and NPV all were 0.78, and increased over the study, with all four measures reaching 0.95 consistently. A web-based application was implemented that simplifies data entry and couriering from the reports, expedites results viewing, and interfaces with an automated data visualization tool. Sociotechnical challenges were logged and reported. Conclusion: We have built a risk-stratifying system based on electronic triggers that detects patients at-risk for NTMx-AKI before injury occurs. The performance of the NTMx-exposed reports has neared 100% through iterative optimization. The complexity of the trigger logic and clinical work-flows surrounding NTMx-AKI led to a challenging implementation, but one that has been successful from technical, clinical, and quality improvement standpoints. This report summarizes the construction of a trigger-based application, the performance of the triggers, and the challenges uncovered during the design, build, and implementation of the system. Citation: Kirkendall ES, Spires WL, Mottes TA, Schaffzin JK, Barclay C, Goldstein SL. Development and performance of electronic acute kidney injury triggers to identify pediatric patients at risk for nephrotoxic medication-associated harm. Appl Clin Inf 2014; 5: 313–333 http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2013-12-RA-0102

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Czerwinski, Robert, and Miroslaw Chmiel. "Hardware-Based Single-Clock-Cycle Edge Detector for a PLC Central Processing Unit." Electronics 8, no. 12 (December 12, 2019): 1529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8121529.

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This article discusses edge detectors implemented in programmable logic controllers. The behaviors of different vendors’ solutions are presented with pros and cons. The trigger functions defined in the IEC 61131-3 standard were analyzed for implementations. The main contribution of this paper is an idea for hardware acceleration of standard trigger functions that enables us to build single-clock-cycle edge detectors. Additionally, the structure for automatic edge detection on every input is shown. The structure with a synthesizable Verilog HDL description is presented. The comparison of the solution with vendor programmable logic controllers (PLCs) proves the effectiveness of the designed hardware-aided unit.

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Prikot, Oleg. "Methodology for choosing strategy for the development of the space for in-service teachers training the region." Man and Education, no. 4 (65) (2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.54884/s181570410020455-5.

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The article considers actual logic of strategizing regional environment for professional development of educators. Environment for professional development is claimed as a self-improving ecosystem. Logic of preadaptation is regarded as the most essential trigger for strategizing phenomenon. Personification initialized by carnival logic of educational process represents the priority format of educational behavior of subject’s professional development. Project management is referred as a basic managerial methodology in the sphere of professional development.

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Morkun, Vladimir, and Igor Kotov. "Development of software control tools for power systems of mining and metallurgical regions." E3S Web of Conferences 280 (2021): 05002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128005002.

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There are presented results of developing a conceptual trigger chart of the functioning mechanism of the decision support system. The suggested model of visualizing algorithms as a trigger net of states of the computer decision support system provides for interaction of power objects of mining and metallurgical complexes and regions. The authors introduce new interpretation of components of the network trigger model. The model is interactively connected with both the user-operator’s actions and states of power system components. With that, the state of the automatic model is associated with realizing a set of metarules to control the logic output. The authors elaborate a new formalism of representing algorithms of controlling knowledgebases interacting with the outer environment which aggregates primitives of conditions, triggers and transactions of operations and greatly generalizes standard languages of algorithm visualization. It enhances elaboration of standardized smart systems interacting with the external environment. This allows description of functioning algorithms of knowledgebases and the event-driven output to ensure development of reliable standardized smart systems interacting with control objects of power systems in mining and metallurgical regions.

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Mroszczyk, Przemyslaw, and Piotr Dudek. "Trigger-Wave Asynchronous Cellular Logic Array for Fast Binary Image Processing." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 62, no. 2 (February 2015): 497–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2014.2363511.

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26

Wang, Can, Hong Liu, and Liqian Ma. "Depth Motion Detection—A Novel RS-Trigger Temporal Logic based Method." IEEE Signal Processing Letters 21, no. 6 (June 2014): 717–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2014.2313345.

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27

Giagu, Stefano. "Fast and resource-efficient Deep Neural Network on FPGA for the Phase-II Level-0 muon barrel trigger of the ATLAS experiment." EPJ Web of Conferences 245 (2020): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202024501021.

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The Level-0 muon trigger system of the ATLAS experiment will undergo a full upgrade for the High Luminosity LHC to stand the challenging requirements imposed by the increase in instantaneous luminosity. The upgraded trigger system will send raw hit data to off-detector processors, where trigger algorithms run on a new generation of FPGAs. To exploit the flexibility provided by the FPGA systems, ATLAS is developing novel precision deep neural network architectures based on trained ternary quantisation, optimised to run on FPGAs for efficient reconstruction and identification of muons in the ATLAS “Level-0” trigger. Physics performance in terms of efficiency and fake rates and FPGA logic resource occupancy and timing obtained with the developed algorithms are discussed.

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28

Wilson, J. S., H. Meyer zu Theenhausen, B. von Krosigk, E. Azadbakht, R. Bunker, J. Hall, S. Hansen, et al. "The level-1 trigger for the SuperCDMS experiment at SNOLAB." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 07 (July 1, 2022): P07010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/07/p07010.

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Abstract The SuperCDMS SNOLAB dark matter search experiment aims to be sensitive to energy depositions down to 𝒪(1 eV). This imposes requirements on the resolution, signal efficiency, and noise rejection of the trigger system. To accomplish this, the SuperCDMS level-1 trigger system is implemented in an FPGA on a custom PCB. A time-domain optimal filter algorithm realized as a finite impulse response filter provides a baseline resolution of 0.38 times the standard deviation of the noise, σn, and a 99.9% trigger efficiency for signal amplitudes of 1.1 σn in typical noise conditions. Embedded in a modular architecture, flexible trigger logic enables reliable triggering and vetoing in a dead-time-free manner for a variety of purposes and run conditions. The trigger architecture and performance are detailed in this article.

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Lei, Zhang, Guo Jian-hua, and Zhang Yong-qiang. "Realization of the Test System for the Trigger Logic in the DAMPE." Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics 39, no. 3 (July 2015): 380–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chinastron.2015.07.009.

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Zhang, Lei, Wenbin Zheng, Fuhong Min, and Aiguo Song. "Realizing reliable logic and memory function with noise-assisted Schmitt trigger circuits." Physics Letters A 383, no. 7 (February 2019): 617–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2019.01.010.

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He, Rui, and Yun Ping Ge. "Digital DC Speed Control System in Mine Hoist Application." Advanced Materials Research 219-220 (March 2011): 1017–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.219-220.1017.

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Mine hoist shoulder important transport tasks. Through the analysis of the main circuit of mine hoist, this paper studies out ASCS digital DC speed control system whose core is microprocessor and whose hardware part constitutes digital trigger and double closed loop system. The software part not only achieves the system's digital PI regulator, logic switching, digital trigger phase shift, pulse channel selection and pulse width setting, but also realizes the systematic detection, monitoring, fault diagnosis, which improves the control precision and work stability of the system.

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Mitsumori, Y. "Sector logic development for the ATLAS Level-0 muon trigger at HL-LHC." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 02 (February 1, 2023): C02019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/02/c02019.

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Abstract The design of the Sector Logic (SL) for the ATLAS Level-0 muon trigger at the HL-LHC and the milestones achieved on the hardware and firmware developments are presented. The SL board includes an XCVU13P FPGA, FireFly transceivers, an IPMC mezzanine card developed by CERN, and a Mercury XU5 MPSoC mezzanine card. The first prototype of the SL board was produced, and all its functions have been verified. Fast tracking using Thin-Gap Chamber (TGC) hits, a core part of the Level-0 muon trigger for the endcap regions, has been developed for the full TGC detector coverage and the performance was confirmed with post-synthesis simulations. The processing of the TGC hits from ∼7000 channels has been demonstrated with a XCVU13P FPGA within ∼100 ns.

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Sugizaki, Kaito. "Integration and Commissioning of the Software-based Readout System for ATLAS Level-1 Endcap Muon Trigger in Run 3." EPJ Web of Conferences 251 (2021): 04015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202125104015.

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The Large Hadron Collider and the ATLAS experiment at CERN will explore new frontiers in physics in Run 3 starting in 2022. In the Run 3 ATLAS Level-1 endcap muon trigger, new detectors called New Small Wheel and additional Resistive Plate Chambers will be installed to improve momentum resolution and to enhance the rejection of fake muons. The Level-1 endcap muon trigger algorithm will be processed by new trigger processor boards with modern FPGAs and high-speed optical serial links. For validation and performance evaluation, the inputs and outputs of their trigger logic will be read out using a newly developed software-based readout system. We have successfully integrated this readout system in the ATLAS online software framework, enabling commissioning in the actual Run 3 environment. Stable trigger readout has been realized for input rates up to 100 kHz with a developed event-building application. We have verified that its performance is sufficient for Run 3 operation in terms of event data size and trigger rate. The paper will present the details of the integration and commissioning of the software-based readout system for ATLAS Level-1 endcap muon trigger in Run 3.

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Saraf, M. N., E. Yuvaraj, V. M. Datar, G. Majumder, Pathaleswar, Pethuraj, B. Satyanarayana, et al. "INO’s RPC-DAQ module: Performance review and upgrade plans." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2374, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2374/1/012102.

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The India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) has proposed to build a magnetised Iron-CALorimeter (ICAL) to study atmospheric neutrinos. The ICAL detector will use 28,800 Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) of 2 m × 2 m area as active detector elements. The particle interaction signals in the RPCs are amplified and converted into logic signals using discriminators. These logic signals are processed by the RPC-DAQ module which is mounted with every RPC. RPC-DAQ is built around Intel’s Cyclone IV FPGA, HPTDC and Ethernet controller W5300. Pre-trigger signals generated in each RPC-DAQ, participate in forming a global event trigger (GT). On receiving the GT, the RPC-DAQ records mainly the event time, RPC strip-hit pattern along with relative time stamps of the hits. The strip rates, are recorded periodically in order to monitor the health of the RPCs. The RPC-DAQ then packages these data and sends them over Ethernet to the back-end servers. RPC-DAQ performance and upgrade plans will be presented.

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35

Saputra, Andrial, and Alwin Wahyu Fadhlir Rahman. "SISTEM KOREKSI OTOMATIS PADA MESIN PACKAGING DENGAN PENGENDALI PLC." Jurnal Teknik Mesin 5, no. 4 (March 15, 2017): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/jtm.v5i4.1220.

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Salah satu kecacatan produk dalam kemasan pouch apabila produk tersebut ditemukan overlap. Overlap pada produk sabun refill (isi ulang) merupakan salah satu kecacatan produk yang dapat menyebabkan minat konsumen menurun. Sistem Autocorrection (Pengoreksi-Otomatis) merupakan sistem kendali berbasis PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) yang dirancang untuk mengatasi overlap pada produk pouch. Sensor photo electric amplifier ditanamkan pada sistem ini yang berfungsi sebagai trigger input ke PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) sekaligus pendeteksi overlap yang kemudian sinyal input dari sensor tersebut diolah oleh PLC (Programmable Logic Controller). Output yang dihasilkan berupa gerakan pada sidelay motor (actuator dengan motor AC sebagai penggeraknya) untuk bergeser ke arah kiri atau ke arah kanan tergantung salah satu sensor aktif terlebih dahulu.

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Herwig, C. "Particle flow reconstruction for the CMS Phase-II Level-1 Trigger." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 01 (January 1, 2023): C01037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/01/c01037.

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Abstract The upgrade of the CMS detector for the high-luminosity LHC will include track-finding for the first time in the Level-1 trigger, enabling Particle Flow reconstruction of every event in addition to comprehensive pileup mitigation. The Correlator trigger will reconstruct isolated leptons and photons, hadronic jets, and energy sums, assisted in many cases by machine learning to benefit from the complete particle-level event record. We present the logic of these algorithms, possible implementations using large FPGAs and their demonstration in prototype hardware, in addition to the expected physics performance.

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Пуйденко, Вадим Олексійович, and Вячеслав Сергійович Харченко. "МІНІМІЗАЦІЯ ЛОГІЧНОЇ СХЕМИ ДЛЯ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ PSEUDO LRU ШЛЯХОМ МІЖТИПОВОГО ПЕРЕХОДУ У ТРИГЕРНИХ СТРУКТУРАХ." RADIOELECTRONIC AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS, no. 2 (April 26, 2020): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/reks.2020.2.03.

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The principle of program control means that the processor core turns to the main memory of the computer for operands or instructions. According to architectural features, operands are stored in data segments, and instructions are stored in code segments of the main memory. The operating system uses both page memory organization and segment memory organization. The page memory organization is always mapped to the segment organization. Due to the cached packet cycles of the processor core, copies of the main memory pages are stored in the internal associative cache memory. The associative cache memory consists of three units: a data unit, a tag unit, and an LRU unit. The data unit stores operands or instructions, the tag unit contains fragments of address information, and the LRU unit contains the logic of policy for replacement of string. The missing event attracts LRU logic to decide for substitution of reliable string in the data unit of associative cache memory. The pseudo-LRU algorithm is a simple and better substitution policy among known substitution policies. Two options for the minimization of the hardware for replacement policy by the pseudo-LRU algorithm in q - directed associative cache memory is implemented. The transition from the trigger structure of the synchronous D-trigger to the trigger structure of the synchronous JK-trigger is carried out reasonably in both options. The first option of minimization is based on the sequence for updating of the by the algorithm pseudo LRU, which allows deleting of the combinational logic for updating bits of LRU unit. The second option of minimization is based on the sequence for changing of the q - index of direction, as the consequence for updating the bits of LRU unit by the algorithm pseudo LRU. It allows additionally reducing the number of memory elements. Both options of the minimization allow improving such characteristics as productivity and reliability of the LRU unit.

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Beshai, J. A. "Toward a Phenomenology of Trance Logic in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder." Psychological Reports 94, no. 2 (April 2004): 649–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.94.2.649-654.

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Some induction procedures result in trance logic as an essential feature of hypnosis. Trance logic is a voluntary state of acceptance of suggestions without the critical evaluation that would destroy the validity of the meaningfulness of the suggestion. Induction procedures in real and simulated conditions induce a conflict between two contradictory messages in experimental hypnosis. In military induction the conflict is much more subtle involving society's need for security and its need for ethics. Such conflicts are often construed by the subject as trance logic. Trance logic provides an opportunity for therapists using the phenomenology of “presence” to deal with the objectified concepts of “avoidance,” “numbing” implicit in this kind of dysfunctional thinking in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. An individual phenomenology of induction procedures and suggestions, which trigger trance logic, may lead to a resolution of logical fallacies and recurring painful memories. It invites a reconciliation of conflicting messages implicit in phobias and avoidance traumas. Such a phenomenological analysis of trance logic may well be a novel approach to restructure the meaning of trauma.

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Sun, Qiang, Jian Jiao, and Shan Shan Zhou. "Failure Logic Modeling Techniques Based on DEVS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 631-632 (September 2014): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.631-632.265.

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To identify the component failure propagation path in complex systems, a component failure logical model based on DEVS was established by combining the failure logic principle and DEVS formal specification at the next granularity level of component hierarchy. A series of components failure states define a potential hazard. DEVS has modeling advantages of standardized, hierarchical and modular. Basing on its own characteristics,it can be used to study failure logic modeling techniques of complex systems, model and analyse the scene of the accident process. Therefore, the paper describes syntax and semantics of component failure logic and atomic DEVS, focusing on the implementation mechanism of failure logic using DEVS, the establishment of component state space, the trigger mechanism and the corresponding output in order to establish a component failure logical model based on DEVS. At last, a Wheel Brake System is used to verify the applicability and validity of the model.

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Dong, W., C. Feng, Y. Hao, H. Zhou, E. Zhang, and S. Liu. "FPGA-based fast track reconstruction for the conceptual design of STCF MDC trigger." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): P10027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/10/p10027.

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Abstract The Super Tau-Charm Facility (STCF) is a future high luminosity electron-positron collider proposed in China, with a peak luminosity greater than 0.5× 1035 cm2s-1 at center-of-mass energy of 4.0 GeV. The main drift chamber (MDC) is designed as the central tracker, which provides the charged particle information for the level-1 trigger. This paper presents an FPGA-based fast trigger algorithm with the function of finding the charged particle tracks and reconstructing their transverse momentum and azimuthal angle. It adopts a two-stage lookup-table-based pattern matching architecture. The prototype trigger logic was implemented in a Xilinx XCKU060 FPGA. Test results with simulated data suggest that the trigger efficiency of J/Ψ events is better than 96%, and the resolution in the reconstructed track's azimuthal angle at the interaction point is better than 12 mrad. The overall dead time is 24 ns and the total latency is 339 ns. All these performances meet the requirements of the MDC trigger in the current conceptual design stage of STCF project.

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Baesso, P., D. Cussans, and J. Goldstein. "The AIDA-2020 TLU: a flexible trigger logic unit for test beam facilities." Journal of Instrumentation 14, no. 09 (September 24, 2019): P09019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/14/09/p09019.

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Mun, G. A., Y. S. Vitulyova, S. V. Konshin, and I. E. Suleimenov. "Algorithmic basis for the functioning of private autonomous combat neural networks: algebraization of language forms." Bulletin of the National Engineering Academy of the Republic of Kazakhstan 83, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47533/2020.1606-146x.141.

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It is shown that the modern development of weapons and military equipment will trigger the issue of improving artificial intelligence systems, in particular, their gradual convergence with human intelligence. It is shown that this requires the discovery of the algorithmic basis of artificial intelligence systems, including on the basis of the transition to multivalued logics. A close relationship has been established between the algebraization of natural language and the creation of the language of combat neural networks distributed systems in which processing is carried out based on the same operations that are involved in the human brain. The basis for this is the natural definition of language as a transpersonal structure, which largely determines the nature of human intelligence. A universal means of aggregating police multi-valued logics is provided, many elements can be placed at the disposal of General Galois. Thus, an analogue of the Zhegalkin polynomial is used, which is valid for achieving multi-valued logic with the use of properties (the Zhegalkin polynomial itself applies only to the case of binary logic). A selective case study that proves the constructiveness of the proposed application, a discoverable solution that tests the operation of a ternary adder using a Galois field containing three elements.

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BLOOM, KENNETH. "FAST TRACK TRIGGERING FOR THE CDF II DETECTOR." International Journal of Modern Physics A 16, supp01c (September 2001): 1172–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x01009235.

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In the upcoming Fermilab Tevatron collider run, [Formula: see text] collisions will occur at 132 ns intervals, and the CDF II trigger system requires that information about drift chamber tracks be provided within 2.2 μs of every collision, so that tracking information can be used in conjunction with data from other detector components to trigger on physics objects with little background. We have developed a fast online track processor for locating high-momentum tracks in the chamber. The design is highly parallel, and is implemented in programmable logic devices. We describe the design of the system and performance tests.

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Zemko, Martin, Vladimir Frolov, Stefan Huber, Vladimir Jary, Igor Konorov, Antonin Kveton, Dmytro Levit, et al. "Free-running data acquisition system for the AMBER experiment." EPJ Web of Conferences 251 (2021): 04028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202125104028.

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Triggered data acquisition systems provide only limited possibilities of triggering methods. In our paper, we propose a novel approach that completely removes the hardware trigger and its logic. It introduces an innovative free-running mode instead, which provides unprecedented possibilities to physics experiments. We would like to present such system, which is being developed for the AMBER experiment at CERN. It is based on an intelligent data acquisition framework including FPGA modules and advanced software processing. The system provides a triggerless mode that allows more time for data filtering and implementation of more complex algorithms. Moreover, it utilises a custom data protocol optimized for needs of the free-running system. The filtering procedure takes place in a server farm playing the role of the highlevel trigger. For this purpose, we introduce a high-performance filtering framework providing optimized algorithms and load balancing to cope with excessive data rates. Furthermore, this paper also describes the filter pipeline as well as the simulation chain that is being used for production of artificial data, for testing, and validation.

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Huang, Cheng-Yong. "Vehicle Door Opening Control Model Based on a Fuzzy Inference System to Prevent Motorcycle–Vehicle Door Crashes." Sustainability 13, no. 22 (November 13, 2021): 12558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212558.

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The goal of this research is to develop a fuzzy logic-based vehicle door control system to avoid motorcycle–vehicle door crash accidents. Accidents of this nature usually occur when the driver has parked the car, opens the door getting out of the car and collides with a motorcycle approaching from the rear, causing injury to the motorcyclist. In order to prevent such accidents, the fuzzy logic control system inputs the speed (MS) and safety distance (SD) of the motorcycle approaching from the rear, and then the fuzzy inference unit (FIU) calculates the clear output (Crisp) defuzzification Vehicle Door Opening Model (VDOM) value for the central locking system of the car, which can be used to trigger three modes, namely Danger Mode, Caution Mode and Warning Mode. In this study, the VDOM system is designed to trigger reasonable, reliable and consistent door control under different speeds of motorcycles coming from the rear and will be effectively applied to the door control of semi-automatic cars in the future.

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Datta, Pratim, Jessica Ann Peck, Ipek Koparan, and Cecile Nieuwenhuizen. "Entrepreneurial continuance logic." Management Decision 58, no. 7 (November 20, 2018): 1247–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-05-2017-0537.

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Purpose While much has been debated about venture formation and demise, the behavioral dynamics of why entrepreneurs intend to continue and persevere post-startup have received scant attention and scrutiny. Building upon the rich tapestry of entrepreneurial cognition, the purpose of this paper is to forward entrepreneurial continuance logic as a theoretical framework to empirically investigate the antecedents, contingencies and mediators of entrepreneurial continuance. Design/methodology/approach Using observations from surveying 156 practicing entrepreneurs across the USA, UK, South Africa and India, this research offers interesting findings. Findings Results surface attitudinal tensions between the transactional attitudes of entrepreneurial climate, entrepreneurial responsiveness and calculative commitment and the relational attitudes of affective and normative continuance. Specifically, the authors find that affect is the strongest direct predictor of continuance intentions but only in the absence of entrepreneurial responsiveness behavior. Research limitations/implications Entrepreneurial responsiveness, rather than commitment, is found to be a core continuance constituent, traceable as a positive influence on continuance as a direct antecedent, a moderator and a mediator. Practical implications The research reveals that entrepreneurs willing to seize and adapt to a changing entrepreneurial landscape are more like to continue with their ventures, but not just driven by strict underpinnings of affect and norms but by a strong sense of economic rationality. Social implications Entrepreneurial continuance is an important behavioral phenomenon with substantial socio-economic consequences. Given the scant attention paid to entrepreneurial continuance – symptomatic of broader downstream effects of entrepreneurial survival and positive socio-economic spillovers, the authors embark on a systematic investigation of continuance intention as post-startup behavior. Originality/value The paper explains post-startup entrepreneurial behavior in several ways. First, while affective commitment, a relational attitude, still drives continuance intentions, calculative commitment, a transactional attitude, is a significant contender. Interestingly, the nature of contemporary entrepreneurship disregards continuance behavior based on norms. Second, entrepreneurial responsiveness needs to be cautiously examined in relationship to commitment and continuance. Entrepreneurial responsiveness, a transactional attitude, positively influences continuance; however, in the presence of a relational attitude such as affective commitment, the interplay reduces continuance intentions. Third, perceptions of entrepreneurial climate are found to trigger more opportunity-seeking behavior among entrepreneurs, which in turn increases an entrepreneur’s intention to continue.

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Pomper, Gregory, Matt Hunt, Erica Van Dyke, Johanna Waldron, Brian Hiestand, and Steven Wong. "Effective Utilization of Laboratory Information System to Triage Troponin Critical Value Notification to the Emergency Department." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 152, Supplement_1 (September 11, 2019): S124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqz124.000.

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Abstract Objectives The laboratory received a request to report abnormal troponin (ab-TnI) as critical values (CVs) for ED patients. The laboratory information system (LIS) was programmed to identify only ED patients presenting with an ab-TnI. Only the first ab-TnI on presentation was critical. Unnecessary laboratory CV communications could impair overall turnaround time. Methods Mean troponin, ab-TnI test volumes, and ab-TnI from ED patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome were determined. The LIS team constructed a best practice alert in the Beaker module (EPIC, Verona, WI). The ab-TnI CV build filtered patients based on ab-TnI values and ED location. Based on pilot data, the build was adjusted to limit ab-TnI alerts to only the first ab-TnI result. The amended build logic was to trigger the alert if an ED location TnI was abnormal. At trigger, if the lowest TnI result in the last 24 hours is ≤0.040, the return “true.” If true, then no TnI >0.040 in the last 24 hours, call the ED because they currently have a result >0.040. If the answer is “false,” then do not call the ED. If the patient had no TnI in the last 24 hours, then the alert would be triggered as well. The system was piloted after education to the ED and laboratory teams. Results The mean TnI per day was 150; the mean ab-TnI was 63 (42%), of which 1.1 ab-TnI originated from the ED. After pilot go-live, the actual number of ab-TnI/day was 14.3. The alert logic was amended to limit the trigger to the first ab-TnI result, reducing the CV volume to 9.6/day. Conclusion The LIS can be leveraged to develop a clinically valuable and operationally manageable critical value alert system. Clinical and laboratory teams must be open to amending the process as needed to achieve success.

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Yang, Fengjie, Yuan Liu, Bin Wang, Changjun Zhou, and Qiang Zhang. "Constructing Controllable Logic Circuits Based on DNAzyme Activity." Molecules 24, no. 22 (November 15, 2019): 4134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24224134.

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Recently, DNA molecules have been widely used to construct advanced logic devices due to their unique properties, such as a simple structure and predictable behavior. In fact, there are still many challenges in the process of building logic circuits. Among them, the scalability of the logic circuit and the elimination of the crosstalk of the cascade circuit have become the focus of research. Inspired by biological allosteric regulation, we developed a controllable molecular logic circuit strategy based on the activity of DNAzyme. The E6 DNAzyme sequence was temporarily blocked by hairpin DNA and activated under appropriate input trigger conditions. Using a substrate with ribonucleobase (rA) modification as the detection strand, a series of binary basic logic gates (YES, AND, and INHIBIT) were implemented on the computational component platform. At the same time, we demonstrate a parallel demultiplexer and two multi-level cascade circuits (YES-YES and YES-Three input AND (YES-TAND)). In addition, the leakage of the cascade process was reduced by exploring factors such as concentration and DNA structure. The proposed DNAzyme activity regulation strategy provides great potential for the expansion of logic circuits in the future.

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Tang, Lili, and Hongkun Ma. "Research on Monitoring Algorithm and Induction Trigger System of New Spectrophotometer." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2183, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2183/1/012023.

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Abstract In the traditional laboratory engineering bacteria culture work, it is necessary to frequently sample the bacterial solution and judge the growth period by photometric method. These operations are accompanied by pollution risk and the change of culture environment. In this paper, a design scheme of illumination monitoring algorithm of new spectrophotometer based on single chip microcomputer is proposed, The absorbance value is calculated by single chip microcomputer and the threshold is preset to trigger the induction action, so that the whole process from the beginning of culture to the triggering induction of engineering bacteria can be intelligent, automatic and non-contact. The new spectrophotometer takes STM32F103 series processor as the main control chip, and the system is mainly composed of main control board and induced action trigger device. The main control board mainly includes optical density calculation, 12 LED light control, 12 action machine control and human-computer interaction module; The induced action trigger device is composed of motor, bh1750 module, monochrome light source and other parts, which can realize illuminance detection, absorbance calculation, preset absorbance value and trigger the action machine. The system automatically adjusts the working mode of the sensor through the matrix keyboard input, displays the image through a liquid crystal display, uses the bh1750 illuminance sensor module to convert the input illuminance signal into electrical signal for wired output, processes the sensor data through MCU, performs logical operation with the preset value and performs corresponding action. The main control part of the system is small, and the detection method is simpler and faster than the traditional detection. The logic operation part is cleverly designed, the trigger time of the induced action is flexible and adjustable, and there is an adjustable timer after the induced action is triggered.

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Preston, Daniel J., Philipp Rothemund, Haihui Joy Jiang, Markus P. Nemitz, Jeff Rawson, Zhigang Suo, and George M. Whitesides. "Digital logic for soft devices." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 16 (March 28, 2019): 7750–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1820672116.

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Although soft devices (grippers, actuators, and elementary robots) are rapidly becoming an integral part of the broad field of robotics, autonomy for completely soft devices has only begun to be developed. Adaptation of conventional systems of control to soft devices requires hard valves and electronic controls. This paper describes completely soft pneumatic digital logic gates having a physical scale appropriate for use with current (macroscopic) soft actuators. Each digital logic gate utilizes a single bistable valve—the pneumatic equivalent of a Schmitt trigger—which relies on the snap-through instability of a hemispherical membrane to kink internal tubes and operates with binary high/low input and output pressures. Soft, pneumatic NOT, AND, and OR digital logic gates—which generate known pneumatic outputs as a function of one, or multiple, pneumatic inputs—allow fabrication of digital logic circuits for a set–reset latch, two-bit shift register, leading-edge detector, digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and toggle switch. The DAC and toggle switch, in turn, can control and power a soft actuator (demonstrated using a pneu-net gripper). These macroscale soft digital logic gates are scalable to high volumes of airflow, do not consume power at steady state, and can be reconfigured to achieve multiple functionalities from a single design (including configurations that receive inputs from the environment and from human users). This work represents a step toward a strategy to develop autonomous control—one not involving an electronic interface or hard components—for soft devices.

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