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Journal articles on the topic 'Triethylamine (TMA)'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Suzuki, S., T. Doke, A. Hitachi, A. Yunoki, K. Masuda, and T. Takahashi. "Photoionization effect in liquid xenon doped with triethylamine (TEA) or trimethylamine (TMA)." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 245, no. 1 (April 1986): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(86)90260-3.

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2

Tzitzikalaki, Evangelia, Nikos Kalivitis, and Maria Kanakidou. "Observations of Gas-Phase Alkylamines at a Coastal Site in the East Mediterranean Atmosphere." Atmosphere 12, no. 11 (November 3, 2021): 1454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12111454.

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Atmospheric amines are ubiquitous compounds in the atmosphere, having both natural and anthropogenic origin. Recently, they have been identified as important contributors to new particle formation in the atmosphere, but observations of their atmospheric concentrations are scarce. In the present study we introduce the first systematic long-term observations of gas-phase amines measurements in the East Mediterranean atmosphere. Air samples were collected at the Finokalia monitoring station of the University of Crete during a 3.5-year period from January 2013 to July 2016, and analyzed after extraction using a high-performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The detected alkylamines were the sum of dimethylamine and ethylamine (DMA+EA), trimethylamine (TMA), diethylamine (DEA) and triethylamine (TEA). DMA+EA and TMA were the most abundant alkylamines, with concentrations spanning from the detection limit to 78.0 and 69.8 pptv, and average concentrations of 7.8 ± 12.1 and 7.5 ± 12.4 pptv, respectively. Amines showed pronounced seasonal variability with DMA+EA and TMA concentrations being higher in winter. Statistical analysis of the observations showed different sources for each of the studied amines, except for DMA+ΕA and DEA that appear to have common sources in the region. This analysis points to a marine source of TMA and animal husbandry in the area as a potential source of TEA. None of the alkylamines is correlated with other anthropogenic sources. Furthermore, no clear association was found between the seasonality of NPF events and alkylamines concentrations, while a clear correlation was detected between the seasonality of nucleation mode particle (dp < 25 nm) number concentrations and alkylamine concentrations, indicating that amines may contribute to nucleation mode particles’ production.

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3

Yoo, Ran, Hyun-Sook Lee, Wonkyung Kim, Yunji Park, Aran Koo, Sang-Hyun Jin, Thang Viet Pham, Myung Jong Kim, Sunglyul Maeng, and Wooyoung Lee. "Selective Detection of Nitrogen-Containing Compound Gases." Sensors 19, no. 16 (August 15, 2019): 3565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19163565.

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N-containing gaseous compounds, such as trimethylamine (TMA), triethylamine (TEA), ammonia (NH3), nitrogen monoxide (NO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exude irritating odors and are harmful to the human respiratory system at high concentrations. In this study, we investigated the sensing responses of five sensor materials—Al-doped ZnO (AZO) nanoparticles (NPs), Pt-loaded AZO NPs, a Pt-loaded WO3 (Pt-WO3) thin film, an Au-loaded WO3 (Au-WO3) thin film, and N-doped graphene—to the five aforementioned gases at a concentration of 10 parts per million (ppm). The ZnO- and WO3-based materials exhibited n-type semiconducting behavior, and their responses to tertiary amines were significantly higher than those of nitric oxides. The N-doped graphene exhibited p-type semiconducting behavior and responded only to nitric oxides. The Au- and Pt-WO3 thin films exhibited extremely high responses of approximately 100,000 for 10 ppm of triethylamine (TEA) and approximately −2700 for 10 ppm of NO2, respectively. These sensing responses are superior to those of previously reported sensors based on semiconducting metal oxides. On the basis of the sensing response results, we drew radar plots, which indicated that selective pattern recognition could be achieved by using the five sensing materials together. Thus, we demonstrated the possibility to distinguish each type of gas by applying the patterns to recognition techniques.

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4

VandenBoer, T. C., A. Petroff, M. Z. Markovic, and J. G. Murphy. "Size distribution of alkyl amines in continental particulate matter and their online detection in the gas and particle phase." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 11 (November 11, 2010): 27435–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-27435-2010.

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Abstract. An ion chromatographic method is described for the quantification of the simple alkyl amines: methylamine (MA), dimethylamine (DMA), trimethylamine (TMA), ethylamine (EA), diethylamine (DEA) and triethylamine (TEA), in the ambient atmosphere. Limits of detection (3σ) are in the tens of pmol range for all of these amines, and good resolution is achieved for all compounds except for TMA and DEA. The technique was applied to the analysis of time-integrated samples collected using a micro-orifice uniform deposition impactor (MOUDI) with ten stages for size resolution of particles with aerodynamic diameters between 56 nm and 18 μm. In eight samples from urban and rural continental airmasses, the mass loading of amines consistently maximized on the stage corresponding to particles with aerodynamic diameters between 320 and 560 nm. The molar ratio of amines to ammonium (R3NH+/NH4+) in fine aerosol ranged between 0.005 and 0.2, and maximized for the smallest particle sizes. The size-dependence of the R3NH+/NH4+ ratio indicates differences in the relative importance of the processes leading to the incorporation of amines and ammonia into secondary particles. The technique was also used to make simultaneous hourly online measurements of amines in the gas phase and in fine particulate matter using an Ambient Ion Monitor Ion Chromatograph (AIM-IC). During a ten day campaign in downtown Toronto, DMA, TMA+DEA, and TEA were observed to range from below detection limit to 2.7 ppt in the gas phase. In the particle phase, MAH+ and TMAH++DEAH+ were observed to range from below detection limit up to 15 ng m−3. The presence of detectable levels of amines in the particle phase corresponded to periods with higher relative humidity and higher mass loadings of nitrate. While the hourly measurements made using the AIM-IC provide data that can be used the evaluate the application of gas-particle partitioning models to amines, the strong size-dependence of the R3NH+/NH4+ ratio indicates that using bulk measurements and an assumption of internal mixing may not be appropriate.

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5

VandenBoer, T. C., A. Petroff, M. Z. Markovic, and J. G. Murphy. "Size distribution of alkyl amines in continental particulate matter and their online detection in the gas and particle phase." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 9 (May 10, 2011): 4319–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-4319-2011.

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Abstract. An ion chromatographic method is described for the quantification of the simple alkyl amines: methylamine (MA), dimethylamine (DMA), trimethylamine (TMA), ethylamine (EA), diethylamine (DEA) and triethylamine (TEA), in the ambient atmosphere. Limits of detection (3σ) are in the tens of pmol range for all of these amines, and good resolution is achieved for all compounds except for TMA and DEA. The technique was applied to the analysis of time-integrated samples collected using a micro-orifice uniform deposition impactor (MOUDI) with ten stages for size resolution of particles with aerodynamic diameters between 56 nm and 18 μm. In eight samples from urban and rural continental airmasses, the mass loading of amines consistently maximized on the stage corresponding to particles with aerodynamic diameters between 320 and 560 nm. The molar ratio of amines to ammonium (R3NH+/NH4+) in fine aerosol ranged between 0.005 and 0.2, and maximized for the smallest particle sizes. The size-dependence of the R3NH+/NH4+ ratio indicates differences in the relative importance of the processes leading to the incorporation of amines and ammonia into secondary particles. The technique was also used to make simultaneous hourly online measurements of amines in the gas phase and in fine particulate matter using an Ambient Ion Monitor Ion Chromatograph (AIM-IC). During a ten day campaign in downtown Toronto, DMA, TMA + DEA, and TEA were observed to range from below detection limit to 2.7 ppt in the gas phase. In the particle phase, MAH+ and TMAH+ + DEAH+ were observed to range from below detection limit up to 15 ng m−3. The presence of detectable levels of amines in the particle phase corresponded to periods with higher relative humidity and higher mass loadings of nitrate. While the hourly measurements made using the AIM-IC provide data that can be used to evaluate the application of gas-particle partitioning models to amines, the strong size-dependence of the R3NH+/NH4+ ratio indicates that using bulk measurements may not be appropriate.

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6

Szulczyński, Bartosz, and Jacek Gębicki. "Electronic nose – an instrument for odour nuisances monitoring." E3S Web of Conferences 100 (2019): 00079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910000079.

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An increasingly frequent problem of people living in urban agglomerations is the occurrence of odour nuisance. Although the source of these nuisances is different, their common feature is that they are a complex mixture of odour compounds with different odour thresholds. However, from a practical point of view, the most valuable would be a direct link between the odour intensity and the results of on-line analytical air monitoring. Such a possibility is created by the use of electronic noses (devices that are supposed to imitate the human sense of smell) to measure odours. The paper presents the use of an electronic nose combined with multiple liear regression model (MLR) to determine the odour intensity of the two-component mixture samples of commonly known odour compounds: trimethylamine (TMA) and triethylamine (TEA) in concentration range 50–200 ppm v/v. The obtained results were compared with the theoretical values determined using Zwaardemaker and euclidean additivity (EA) models. For high concentrations of substances in the mixtures (> 150 ppm v/v), the masking effect was observed.

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7

Carbone, Alessandra, Rolando Pedicini, Irene Gatto, Ada Saccà, Assunta Patti, Giovanni Bella, and Massimiliano Cordaro. "Development of Polymeric Membranes Based on Quaternized Polysulfones for AMFC Applications." Polymers 12, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12020283.

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A series of quaternary ammonium-functionalized polysulfones were successfully synthesized using a chloromethylation two-step method. In particular, triethylammonium and trimethylammonium polysulfone derivatives with different functionalization degrees from 60% to 150% were investigated. NMR spectroscopic techniques were used to determine the degree of functionalization of the polymers. The possibility to predict the functionalization degree by a reaction tool based on a linear regression was highlighted. Anionic membranes with a good homogeneity of thickness were prepared using a doctor-blade casting method of functionalized polymers. The chemical–physical data showed that ion exchange capacity, water content, and wettability increase with the increase of functionalization degree. A higher wettability was found for membranes prepared by the trimethylamine (TMA) quaternary ammonium group. A degree of functionalization of 100% was chosen for an electrochemical test as the best compromise between chemical–physical properties and mechanical stability. From anionic conductivity measurement a better stability was found for the triethylamine (TEA)-based membrane due to a lower swelling effect. A power density of about 300 mW/cm2 for the TEA-based sample at 60 °C in a H2/O2 fuel cell was found.

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8

Citraningrum, H. M., and Jhy-Chern Liu. "Effect of competing amines on the removal of tetramethylammonium hydroxide from solution using ion exchange." Water Science and Technology 74, no. 2 (May 10, 2016): 466–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.167.

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Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH, TMA+) has been widely used as the photoresist developer in semiconductor and thin film transistor liquid crystal display manufacturing. In this study, TMAH-containing wastewater was treated by ion exchange method. Strong acid cation exchange resin was used. A kinetics study revealed that the ion exchange reaction reached equilibrium within 20 min and it could be described by a pseudo-second-order model. To assess the effects of competing ions, wastewater was spiked with three different amines, namely ethylamine (EA+), diethylamine (DEA+), and triethylamine (TEA+). TMAH uptake decreased when in the presence of amines, and it decreased in the order EA+ < DEA+ < TEA+. It could be attributed to different proton affinity (PA) and the strength of affinity between amine molecules and resin matrix, as found from the ab initio calculation values and Langmuir isotherm parameters. However, the interaction energy between sulphonic acid groups and interfering amines in solution using density functional theory (DFT) calculation resulted in a different trend compared with that of PA. The difference might be caused by stabilization of amines by resin matrix and different molecular structures.

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9

Nordin, N. A. H. M., A. F. Ismail, A. Mustafa, P. S. Goh, D. Rana, and T. Matsuura. "Aqueous room temperature synthesis of zeolitic imidazole framework 8 (ZIF-8) with various concentrations of triethylamine." RSC Adv. 4, no. 63 (2014): 33292–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra03593c.

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10

Kajimoto, Shinji, Nak-Hyun Seong, Hiroshi Fukumura, and Dana D. Dlott. "Picosecond dynamics of hydrogen bond rearrangements during phase separation of a triethylamine and water mixture." Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 13, no. 6 (2014): 891–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4pp00048j.

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A picosecond temperature jump experiment reveals that phase separation in a liquid triethylamine (TEA)–water mixture started from hydrogen bond scission of TEA–water aggregates in TEA-rich regions and then in water-rich regions.

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11

Kemeakegha, Ayasen Jermaine, Grace Agbizu Cookey, and Welford-Abbey Lolo Izonfuo. "Volumetric Behavior of Binary Mixtures of Alkoxyethanols and Some Selected Amines at 298.15 K." Journal of Thermodynamics 2015 (February 23, 2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/782138.

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Densities of binary mixtures of 2-methoxyethanol (2-MeO-EtOH) and 2-ethoxyethanol (2-EtO-EtOH) with hexylamine (HLA), diethylamine (DEA), triethylamine (TEA), tert-butylamine (TBA), aniline (ANL), and benzylamine (BLA) have been determined at varying compositions of the alkoxyalkanols at 298.15 K. The excess molar volumes, VE, of the binary mixtures were calculated from the experimental density data of the mixtures and the component single solvents. The calculated excess molar volumes were fitted into the Redlich-Kister polynomial to obtain the fitting coefficients and standard deviations. The excess molar volumes of the binary mixtures of all the solvent systems investigated were negative over the entire range of the solvents composition. The negative values were attributed to stronger hydrogen bond formations between the unlike molecules of mixtures than those between the like molecules of the pure components. The magnitude of the excess molar volumes of the binary mixtures of 2-methoxyethanol and the aliphatic amines were in the order TBA > TEA > DEA > HEA. For the two aromatic amines, the magnitudes were in the order BLA > ANL. For binary mixtures of the amines and 2-ethoxyethanol, the magnitudes were in the order DEA > TEA > TBA > HEA at compositions where the mole fraction of 2-EtO-EtOH was ≤0.5 and TBA > TEA > DEA > HEA above 0.5 mole fraction of 2-EtO-EtOH.

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12

Molnar, Kristof, Hojin Kim, Dongjie Chen, Carin A. Helfer, Gabor Kaszas, Gregory B. McKenna, Julia A. Kornfield, Chunhua Yuan, and Judit E. Puskas. "PolyDODT: a macrocyclic elastomer with unusual properties." Polymer Chemistry 13, no. 5 (2022): 668–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1py01426a.

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13

Beryl J, Raja, and Joseph Raj Xavier. "Electrochemical Trifluoromethylation of Isonicotinic acid hydrazide using Cyclic Voltammetry and Galvanostatic Electrolysis." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 4 (July 30, 2018): 2098–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/3404050.

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Trifluoromethylation of isonicotinic acid hydrazide has been investigated in trifluoroacetic acid containing pyridine, triethylamine and sodium trifluoroacetate dissolved in acetonitrile on platinum and glassy carbon electrodes using cyclic voltammetry. LSVs for isonicotinic acid hydrazide in 0.1 M TFA/ Py/TEA/NaTFA in acetonitrile on platinum electrode show that there is no distinct oxidation peak for the oxidation of isonicotinicacid hydrazide within the voltammetric region of 0.0 to 1.6 V vs Ag and it gets oxidized anodically in the gas evolution region itself. TFA/ NaTFA medium shows slightly higher current density than the other two media for the oxidation of isonicotinic acid hydrazide. CVs for different concentrations of isonicotinic acid hydrazide show that anodic peak becomes broad and flat. It shows that severe adsorption of INAH/product takes place on the glassy carbon electrode during the voltammetry scanning. Galvanostatic electrolysis of INAH in TFA/Py/ACN medium at low current density on Pt shows good conversion with low selectivity.

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14

Sirbu, D., C. Turta, E. A. Gibson, and A. C. Benniston. "The ferrocene effect: enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen production using meso-tetraferrocenyl porphyrin palladium(ii) and copper(ii) complexes." Dalton Transactions 44, no. 33 (2015): 14646–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5dt02191j.

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Copper(ii) and palladium(ii) meso-tetraferrocenylporphyrins (CuTFcP and PdTFcP) were employed as catalysts for electrochemical proton reduction in DMF using trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) or triethylamine hydrochloride (TEAHCl) as acids.

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15

Ma, N. N., S. Y. Ma, L. Wang, X. P. Wang, M. M. Liu, Y. H. Cai, and T. T. Yang. "Design a SnWO4 coral-like nanostructure for triethylamine (TEA) sensing." Vacuum 198 (April 2022): 110913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2022.110913.

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16

Chakrabortty, Pekham, Anjan Das, Arpita Hazra Chowdhury, Swarbhanu Ghosh, Aslam Khan, and Sk Manirul Islam. "Light-induced carboxylation of aryl derivatives with cooperative COF as an active photocatalyst and Ni(ii) co-catalyst." New Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 10 (2021): 4738–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nj05843b.

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The photocatalytic carboxylation of aryl derivatives was demonstrated under CO₂ at atmospheric pressure using a mesoporous COF as the active photocatalyst with triethylamine (TEA) as a sacrificial electron source under visible light.

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17

Yuan, Wen, Liping Fang, Zhen Feng, Zexiang Chen, Jianwu Wen, Ying Xiong, and Bing Wang. "Highly conductive nitrogen-doped ultrananocrystalline diamond films with enhanced field emission properties: triethylamine as a new nitrogen source." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 4, no. 21 (2016): 4778–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tc00087h.

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In this study, triethylamine (TEA) dissolved in the methanol was used as a liquid nitrogen source to synthesize nitrogen-doped ultrananocrystalline diamond (N-UNCD) films on silicon substrates via microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD).

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18

Kumar, Sundaravel Vivek, Shanmugam Muthusubramanian, and Subbu Perumal. "Facile “on water” domino reactions for the expedient synthesis of 2H-thiopyrano[2,3-b]quinolines." RSC Advances 5, no. 39 (2015): 30826–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra04795a.

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A facile synthesis of novel 3-nitro-2-aryl-2H-thiopyrano[2,3-b]quinolines from the domino reactions of 2-mercaptoquinoline-3-carbaldehyde and substituted β-nitrostyrenes in the presence of triethylamine (TEA) in water is described.

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Champion, P. D., T. K. James, and E. C. Carney. "Safety of triclopyr triethylamine to native wetland species." New Zealand Plant Protection 61 (August 1, 2008): 378–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2008.61.6887.

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Current management options for wetland weed control are limited The triethylamine (TEA) salt formulation of the herbicide triclopyr effectively controls several broadleaf aquatic and wetland weed species and is relatively selective to many wetland species To evaluate the tolerance of vegetation associated with weed species a range of indigenous wetland species including the widespread Dacrycarpus dacrydioides Apodasmia similis Carex virgata Eleocharis acuta Isachne globosa Juncus pallidus Triglochin striata Phormium tenax and Mazus radicans and the nationally endangered Carex cirrhosa Amphibromus fluitans Crassula helmsii and Selliera rotundifolia were sourced from wildcollected or cultivated material and then grown on Triclopyr TEA was applied to wetting at rates between 025 and 5 Dacrycarpus dacrydioides I globosa and A fluitans appeared to have recovered fully from early damage from the 05 rate by the conclusion of the trial Apodasmia similis C virgata C cirrhosa E acuta and J pallidus were damaged but not completely killed at this rate whereas the remaining five species were killed at all herbicide rates applied

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20

More, Yogesh, Sachin Padghan, Rajesh Bhosale, Rajendra Pawar, Avinash Puyad, Sidhanath Bhosale, and Sheshanath Bhosale. "Proton Triggered Colorimetric and Fluorescence Response of a Novel Quinoxaline Compromising a Donor-Acceptor System." Sensors 18, no. 10 (October 12, 2018): 3433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18103433.

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Quinoxaline-based novel acid-responsive probe Q1 was designed on the basis of a conjugated donor-acceptor (D-A) subunit. Q1 shows colorimetric and fluorometric changes through protonation and deprotonation in dichloromethane. With the addition of the trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), UV-vis absorption spectral changes in peak intensity of Q1 was observed. Moreover, the appearance of a new peaks at 284 nm 434 nm in absorption spectra with the addition of TFA indicating protonation of quinoxaline nitrogen and form Q1.H+ and Q1.2H+. The emission spectra display appearance of new emission peak at 515 nm. The optical property variations were supported by time resolved fluorescence studies. The energy band gap was calculated by employing cyclic voltammetry and density functional calculations. Upon addition of triethylamine (TEA) the fluorescence emission spectral changes of Q1 are found to be reversible. Q1 shows color changes from blue to green in basic and acidic medium, respectively. The paper strip test was developed for making Q1 a colorimetric and fluorometric indicator.

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21

Vellingiri, Kowsalya, Danil W. Boukhvalov, Ki-Hyun Kim, and Ligy Philip. "Validation of ‘lock-and-key’ mechanism of a metal–organic framework in selective sensing of triethylamine." RSC Advances 9, no. 14 (2019): 7818–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra10637a.

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To develop the metal–organic framework (MOF)-based sensing of triethylamine (TEA) in an aqueous phase, Al-MIL-101-NH₂ (MIL: Material Institute Lavoisier) with a tripod-like cavity was utilized based on a lock-and-key model.

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22

Zhang, Hua, Yinghao Guo, and Fanli Meng. "Metal Oxide Semiconductor Sensors for Triethylamine Detection: Sensing Performance and Improvements." Chemosensors 10, no. 6 (June 17, 2022): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10060231.

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Triethylamine (TEA) is an organic compound that is commonly used in industries, but its volatile, inflammable, corrosive, and toxic nature leads to explosions and tissue damage. A sensitive, accurate, and in situ monitoring of TEA is of great significance to production safety and human health. Metal oxide semiconductors (MOSs) are widely used as gas sensors for volatile organic compounds due to their high bandgap and unique microstructure. This review aims to provide insights into the further development of MOSs by generalizing existing MOSs for TEA detection and measures to improve their sensing performance. This review starts by proposing the basic gas-sensing characteristics of the sensor and two typical TEA sensing mechanisms. Then, recent developments to improve the sensing performance of TEA sensors are summarized from different aspects, such as the optimization of material morphology, the incorporation of other materials (metal elements, conducting polymers, etc.), the development of new materials (graphene, TMDs, etc.), the application of advanced fabrication devices, and the introduction of external stimulation. Finally, this review concludes with prospects for using the aforementioned methods in the fabrication of high-performance TEA gas sensors, as well as highlighting the significance and research challenges in this emerging field.

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23

Bai, Shouli, Jingyi Han, Xiangxiang Fan, Jian Guo, Ruixian Luo, Dianqing Li, and Aifan Chen. "A novel composite of α-MoO3/BiVO4 for triethylamine selective detection." New Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 6 (2020): 2402–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj06198c.

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BiVO₄ modified MoO₃ was synthesized by hydrothermal and metal organic decomposition. The 16Mo/Bi composite has significantly improved in the sensing properties to TEA compared with pristine MoO₃, which is a hopeful sensing material for detecting TEA.

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24

Averina, Elena B., Dmitry A. Vasilenko, Kirill S. Sadovnikov, Kseniya N. Sedenkova, Anastasiya V. Kurova, Yuri K. Grishin, Tamara S. Kuznetsova, Victor B. Rybakov, and Yulia A. Volkova. "Synthesis of 4-Nitroisoxazoles via NO/NO2-Mediated Heterocyclization of Aryl-Substituted α,β-Unsaturated Ketones." Synthesis 52, no. 09 (February 3, 2020): 1398–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1690053.

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A straightforward approach for the synthesis of 4-nitroisoxazoles has been developed via heterocyclization of aryl/hetaryl-substituted α,β-unsaturated ketones upon treatment with tetranitromethane-triethylamine (TNM-TEA) complex or t-BuONO. This strategy features high efficiency and wide substrate tolerance under simple reaction conditions.

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25

Champion, P. D., T. K. James, and E. C. Carney. "Evaluation of triclopyr triethylamine for the control of wetland weeds." New Zealand Plant Protection 61 (August 1, 2008): 374–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2008.61.6886.

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Several experiments evaluating the susceptibility of aquatic and wetland weeds to triclopyr TEA were carried out using potted plants Seedlings of grey willow (Salix cinerea) alder (Alnus glutinosa) and purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) and cuttings of crack willow (S fragilis) primrose willow (Ludwigia peploides) water celery (Apium nodiflorum) water cress (Nasturtium officinale) and monkey musk (Mimulus guttatus) were collected in the field and grown in cultivation At least 2 months after potting up triclopyr TEA was applied to run off at rates between 025 and 5 v/v This resulted in excellent control of all weeds at all rates except for purple loosestrife which was not controlled well at the lowest rate

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26

Prajapati, Pankaj Kumar, and Suman L. Jain. "Synthesis and evaluation of CoPc grafted bismuth oxyhalide (Bi24O31Br10): a visible light-active photocatalyst for CO2 reduction into methanol." Dalton Transactions 48, no. 15 (2019): 4941–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9dt00792j.

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The present study describes the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of cobalt(ii) phthalocyanine embedded bismuth oxyhalide (CoPc@Bi₂₄O₃₁Br₁₀) for the photoreduction of CO₂ into methanol selectively using triethylamine (TEA) as a sacrificial donor under visible light illumination.

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27

Guo, Cun Biao, Li Han, Qin Wang, Jian Feng Wang, Yu Zhong Zhan, Shi Ling Guo, Yi Liang Chen, and Rui Zhang. "Synthesis of Layered AlPO₄-5 in Polyacrylamide Hydrogels." Applied Mechanics and Materials 189 (July 2012): 172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.189.172.

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Layered AlPO4-5 molecular sieve was synthesized in polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogels. The sample was produced using synthesis gel with weight composition of 1.0Al2O3 : 1.8P2O5 : 1.2 triethylamine (TEA) : 18.0H2O : 2.2 acrylamide (AM). The synthesized layered AlPO4-5 molecular sieve had an average thickness of 2.5 μm, and each layer was approximate circle with an average diameter of 5 μm.

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28

Bekolo, Henri. "Copper-mediated N-arylation of electron-deficient pyrroles and indoles." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 85, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v06-187.

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We have found that it is possible to N-arylate electron-deficient pyrroles and indoles having no carbonyl group α to the nitrogen ring in good to excellent yields under the Chan and Lam conditions using N-Ethyldiisopropylamine (DIEA) base as a substitute for triethylamine (TEA) and pyridine.Key words: cupric acetate, arylboronic acid, N-arylation, pyrroles, indoles.

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29

Nhlapo, Nontete Suzan, Walter W. Focke, and Eino Vuorinen. "TGA–FTIR study of the vapors released by triethylamine–acetic acid mixtures." Thermochimica Acta 546 (October 2012): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2012.07.029.

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30

Chygorin, Eduard, Yuri Smal, and Irina V. Omelchenko. "Crystal structure of bis(bis{μ3-3-methyl-3-[(4-nitro-2-oxidobenzylidene)amino]propane-1,3-diolato}tris[chlorido(dimethyl sulfoxide)iron(III)]) dimethyl sulfoxide heptasolvate dihydrate." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 72, no. 12 (November 29, 2016): 1848–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989016018508.

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The title compound, [Fe3(C11H11N2O5)2Cl3(C2H6OS)3]2·7C2H6OS·2H2O, was isolated accidentally from an Fe0–NiCl2·6H2O–H3L–TEA–DMSO system [where H3Lis the product of the condensation betweenp-nitrosalicylaldehyde and 2-amino-2-methylpropane-1,3-diol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and TEA is triethylamine]. The structure is based on a trinuclear {Fe3(μ-O)4} core, with an angular arrangement of the FeIIIions that can be explained by the geometrical restrictions of two bulky ligands, each coordinating to all of the metal cations.

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31

Davletbaeva, Ilsiya M., Oleg O. Sazonov, Ilyas N. Zakirov, Ruslan S. Davletbaev, Sergey V. Efimov, and Vladimir V. Klochkov. "Catalytic Etherification of ortho-Phosphoric Acid for the Synthesis of Polyurethane Ionomer Films." Polymers 14, no. 16 (August 12, 2022): 3295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14163295.

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The etherification reaction of ortho-phosphoric acid (OPA) with polyoxypropylene glycol in the presence of tertiary amines was studied. The reaction conditions promoting the catalytic activity of triethanolamine (TEOA) and triethylamine (TEA) in the low-temperature etherification of OPA were established. The catalytic activity of TEOA and TEA in the etherification reaction of phosphoric acid is explained by the hydrophobic-hydrophilic interactions of TEA with PPG, leading, as a result of collective interactions, to a specific orientation of polyoxypropylene chains around the tertiary amine. When using triethylamine, complete etherification of OPA occurs, accompanied by the formation of branched OPA ethers terminated by hydroxyl groups and even the formation of polyphosphate structures. When triethanolamine is used as a catalyst, incomplete etherification of OPA with polyoxypropylene glycol occurs and as a result, part of the phosphate anions remain unreacted in the composition of the resulting aminoethers of ortho-phosphoric acid (AEPA). In this case, the hydroxyl groups of triethanolamine are completely involved in the OPA etherification reaction, but the catalytic activity of the tertiary amine weakens due to a decrease in its availability in the branched structure of AEPA. The kinetics of the etherification reaction of OPA by polyoxypropylene glycol catalyzed by TEOA and TEA were studied. It was shown that triethanolamine occupies a central position in the AEPA structure. The physico-mechanical and thermomechanical properties of polyurethane ionomer films obtained on the basis of AEPA synthesized in a wide temperature range were studied.

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32

Shi, Wei, Ji Ming Zhang, Jian Hua Zhou, Jian Hua Zhou, and Song Song Ding. "Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Sulphonic Acid Oxime Esters Catalyzed by 2-(1H-Benzotriazole-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-Tetramethyluronium Tetrafluoroborate." Applied Mechanics and Materials 525 (February 2014): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.525.93.

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Herein we describle a facile synthesis of sulphonic acid oxime esters in acetonitrile from the corresponding sulphonic acids and oximes catalyzed by the environmental friendly 2-(1H-benzotriazole-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate (TBTU) in the presence of triethylamine (TEA) under mild conditions. The present approach offers the advantages of a clean reaction, simple methodology, employing readily available catalyst, short reaction duration, high selectivity and high yield.

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33

Murahashi, Shun-Ichi, Dazhi Zhang, Hiroki Iida, Toshio Miyawaki, Masaaki Uenaka, Kenji Murano, and Kanji Meguro. "Flavin-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of sulfides and thiols with formic acid/triethylamine." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 71 (2014): 10295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc05216a.

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34

Zhai, Chengbo, Hongpeng Zhang, Liyong Du, Dongxue Wang, Dejun Xing, and Mingzhe Zhang. "Nickel/iron-based bimetallic MOF-derived nickel ferrite materials for triethylamine sensing." CrystEngComm 22, no. 7 (2020): 1286–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ce01807g.

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35

Xu, X. L., X. P. Wang, Y. Chen, W. W. Liu, S. Y. Wang, F. Q. Yuan, and S. Y. Ma. "Design of MoS2/ZnO bridge-like hetero-nanostructures to boost triethylamine (TEA) sensing." Vacuum 196 (February 2022): 110733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2021.110733.

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36

Xu, Xiaoli, Wangwang Liu, Yan Chen, Shengyi Wang, Xiaoping Wang, Hongtao Jiang, Shuyi Ma, Fangqiang Yuan, and Qianqian Zhang. "n-n Heterogeneous MoS2/SnO2 Nanotubes and The Excellent Triethylamine (TEA) Sensing Performances." Materials Letters 311 (March 2022): 131522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2021.131522.

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37

Dias, Juliana, Antonio Gloria, and Paulo J. Bártolo. "Mechanical and Biological Characteristics of Electrospun PCL Meshes – the Influence of Solvent Type and Concentration." Advanced Materials Research 683 (April 2013): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.683.137.

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Non-woven scaffolds, with fiber dimensions at a nanometer scale, can mimic the physical structure of natural extracellular matrices, being ideal construts for Tissue Engineering applications. This research work explores solution electrospinning to produce nanoscale meshes. Different Poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) solutions were considered and the influence of both polymer concentration and type of solvent studied regarding the fabrication of polymeric meshes and their mechanical and biological properties. PCL solutions were prepared using two different solvents: glacial acetic acid with triethylamine (AA/TEA)) and Acetone (DMK) at different concentrations. PCL/AA/TEA meshes present better mechanical properties and good cell viability and proliferation.

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38

Han, Ying, and Chao Xie. "Synthesis and Characterization of an Experimental Light-Curing Dental Resinous Monomer." Advanced Materials Research 893 (February 2014): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.893.337.

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2-((phenylcarbamoyl) oxy) ethyl acrylate (Monomer 1) was synthesized based on the raw materials of N-Z-ethanolamine (NSC), acryloyl chloride (AOC), triethylamine (TEA) and dichloromethane (DCM). The chemical structure of Monomer 1 was characterized and confirmed by FTIR and 1H NMR, and the light-curing polymerization behavior was also investigated. Results showed that Monomer 1 had prospective chemical structure. Compared to commercial monomer TEGDMA, Monomer 1 had better reaction speed and conversion rate.

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39

Wei, Wenjing, Jingxiang Zhao, Shaoxuan Shi, Huiming Lin, Zhu Mao, Feng Zhang, and Fengyu Qu. "Boosting ppb-level triethylamine sensing of ZnO: adjusting proportions of electron donor defects." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 20 (2020): 6734–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc01022g.

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40

Wen, Yi, Jinsheng Li, Haotian Lin, Hao Huang, Keke Song, Ke Duan, Tailin Guo, and Jie Weng. "Improvement of Drug-Loading Properties of Hydroxyapatite Particles Using Triethylamine as a Capping Agent: A Novel Approach." Crystals 11, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11060703.

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Particles that modify delivery characteristics are a focus of drug-loading research. Hydroxyapatite particles (HAPs) have excellent biocompatibility, shape controllability, and high adsorption, making them a potential candidate for drug-delivery carriers. However, there are still some defects in the current methods used to prepare HAPs. In order to avoid agglomeration and improve the drug-loading properties of HAPs, the present study provides a novel triethylamine (TEA)-capped coprecipitation template method to prepare HAPs at room temperature. In addition, pure water and anhydrous ethanol were used as solvents to investigate the capping effect of the small-molecule capping agent TEA during the synthesis of HAPs. The results showed that the HAPs prepared in the TEA ethanol system had a smaller particle size (150–250 nm), better dispersion and higher crystallinity. The results were significantly different from those of the conventional preparation methods without TEA. However, the hydroxyapatite crystal would agglomerate to a certain extent after being stored for a period of time, forming micro/nano-sized agglomerates of nanocrystals. FITR analysis and SEM observation showed that the capping effect of TEA promoted the formation of a smaller template and dispersed HAPs were quickly formed by dissolution and reprecipitation processes. The drug-loading experiments showed that the HAPs prepared in the TEA ethanol system had high drug-loading capacity (239.8 ± 13.4 mg·g−1) as well as an improved drug-release profile demonstrated in the drug-release experiment. The larger specific surface area associated with the smaller particle size was beneficial to the adsorption of drugs. After drying at 60 °C, TEA was evaporated from the HAPs which agglomerated into larger micron particles with more drug encapsulated. Thus, the effect of a sustained release was achieved. In the present research, a novel approach was developed by using triethylamine as the capping agent to prepare micro/nano-sized agglomerates of HAP nanocrystals with improved drug loading, which is predicted to have potential application in drug delivery.

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41

Zhang, Yong-Hui, Chao-Nan Wang, Fei-Long Gong, Jun-Li Chen, Ke-Feng Xie, Hao-Li Zhang, and Shao-Ming Fang. "Ultra-sensitive triethylamine sensors based on oxygen vacancy-enriched ZnO/SnO2 micro-camellia." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, no. 18 (2021): 6078–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc00983d.

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The gas sensing response of ZnO–SnO₂-10 and the the adsorption energy of TEA on ZnO–SnO₂-10 were enhanced 4.7 folds and 2.34 folds, respectively compared to that of the pure ZnO.

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42

Almayyahi, Muhanad T., Basil A. Saleh, and Baqer A. Almayyahi. "Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Copolyester from Curcumin Mono-Carbonyl Analogues." Biomedicine and Chemical Sciences 3, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.48112/bcs.v1i3.179.

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Nine copolyesters were prepared from a dicarboxylic acid, curcumin analogues (monocarbonyl) and phenophthalene dye in the mole ratio of 2:1:1 by direct polycondensation using triethylamine (Et3N) as the condensation agent. The dicarboxylic used is 2,6-Pyridine dicarbonyl dichloride acid. The curcumin analogues were prepared by acid catalyzed Aldol condensation reaction. These copolyesters were characterized by FT-IR. The fluorescence of the synthesized copolyesters was also investigated. Furthermore, Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to investigate the thermal stability of these copolymers.

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43

Li, Bao-Ning, Yuan-Yuan Liu, Ya-Ping Wang, and Mei Pan. "Visual Detection of Triethylamine and a Dual Input/Output Logic Gate Based on a Eu3+-Complex." Molecules 26, no. 11 (May 28, 2021): 3244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113244.

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A series of Ln3+-metal centered complexes, Ln(TTA)3(DPPI) (Ln = La, 1; Ln = Eu, 2; Ln = Tb, 3; or Ln = Gd, 4) [(DPPI = N-(4-(1H-imidazo [4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl)phenyl)-N-phenylbenzenamine) and (TTA = 2-Thenoyltrifluoroacetone)] have been synthesized and characterized. Among which, the Eu3+-complex shows efficient purity red luminescence in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solution, with a Commission International De L’ Eclairage (CIE) coordinate at x = 0.638, y = 0.323 and ΦEuL = 38.9%. Interestingly, increasing the amounts of triethylamine (TEA) in the solution regulates the energy transfer between the ligand and the Eu3+-metal center, which further leads to the luminescence color changing from red to white, and then bluish-green depending on the different excitation wavelengths. Based on this, we have designed the IMPLICATION logic gate for TEA recognition by applying the amounts of TEA and the excitation wavelengths as the dual input signal, which makes this Eu3+-complex a promising candidate for TEA-sensing optical sensors.

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44

Yang, Tianye, Xiaodong Yang, Mingming Zhu, Hongwei Zhao, and Mingzhe Zhang. "Coral-like ZnFe2O4–ZnO mesoporous heterojunction architectures: synthesis and enhanced sensing properties for triethylamine." Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 7, no. 9 (2020): 1918–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0qi00134a.

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A unique coral-like ZnFe₂O₄–ZnO heterojunction architecture based sensor has been synthesized and shows excellent sensing performance for TEA with a particularly fast response time of 0.9 s.

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45

Zhang, Yunhua, Qing Wang, Zhipeng Zhang, and Pengxiang Lei. "Bending Improvement of CO2-Activated Materials through Crosslinking of Oligomers." Minerals 13, no. 3 (March 2, 2023): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13030352.

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Calcium carbonate is the main carbonation product of most CO2-activated materials (CAMs); however, its brittle nature usually leads to low bending, which represents the major drawback of CAM in its application as a construction material. Herein, the bending of CAM was greatly improved by the addition of triethylamine (TEA) in the carbonation process. Both the grain size of the carbonation product, i.e., calcite, and the intensity ratio of the crystal planes from (104) to (113) obviously increased with the addition of TEA, as shown by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, suggesting the crosslinking of oligomers. Compared with the CAM without TEA, the flexural strength of CAM was significantly improved under optimized curing conditions, which was attributed to the crosslinking of oligomers formed with TEA addition. The present work may provide a promising strategy for improving the bending of CAM materials.

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46

Astuti, Endang, Winarto Haryadi, and Sabirin Matsjeh. "EXTRACTION OF PALM OIL’S FREE FATTY ACIDS BY TRIETHYLAMMINE (TEA) IN POLAR-NONPOLAR MIX-SOLVENT." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 2, no. 1 (June 5, 2010): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21932.

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Palm oil contains unsaturated fatty acids that can be oxidated and can make rancidity of the palm oil. One of the trigliserida degradation products is free fatty acid. The usage of triethylammine (TEA) in the polar-nonpolar mix solvents could enhance the free fatty acids extraction efficiency. Free fatty acids extraction from palm oil was carried out for a minute with solvents ratio: TEA 0,00-0,20M in the following solvent: 0-99% diethyl ether + 99-0% ethanol + 1% water, % volume. The extraction was also performed in the following solvent: TEA 0,00-0,20M in 0-95% heptane + 95-0% isopropanol + 5% water, % volume. Reextraction was conducted for a minute by adding Na2SO4 1M. The alcohol layer which was rich with free fatty acid was taken out and the acid value was determined. As comparison, palm oil's free fatty acids was taken out with standard method by refluxing the sample in 95% alcohol for ten minutes. Identification of the free fatty acids was done by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer. The best solvent ratio for acid value determination was TEA 0,10-0,20M in the mix-solvent: 19% diethyl ether + 80% ethanol + 1% water, % volume and the extraction product contained 8 kind of free fatty acids. In addition, TEA 0,01M in the solvent: 95% isopropanol + 5% water, % volume could be obtained 8 kind of free fatty acids too. In contrary, the free fatty acid extraction by standard method contained 7 kind of fatty acids. Linoleic acid was the free fatty acid which could not be taken out by standard method. The usage of TEA in the proper polar-non polar mix-solvent was the complete method to determine free fatty acid contained in the palm oil. Keywords: triethylammine, free fatty acid, organic extraction.

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47

Wondu, Eyob, Hyun Woo Oh, and Jooheon Kim. "Effect of DMPA and Molecular Weight of Polyethylene Glycol on Water-Soluble Polyurethane." Polymers 11, no. 12 (November 21, 2019): 1915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11121915.

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In this study water-soluble polyurethane (WSPU) was synthesized from isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), and polyethylene glycol (PEG), 2-bis(hydroxymethyl) propionic acid or dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA), butane-1,4-diol (BD), and triethylamine (TEA) using an acetone process. The water solubility was investigated by solubilizing the polymer in water and measuring the contact angle and the results indicated that water solubility and contact angle tendency were increased as the molecular weight of the soft segment decreased, the amount of emulsifier was increased, and soft segment to hard segment ratio was lower. The contact angle of samples without emulsifier was greater than 87°, while that of with emulsifier was less than 67°, indicating a shift from highly hydrophobic to hydrophilic. The WSPU was also analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) to identify the absorption of functional groups and further checked by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The molecular weight of WSPU was measured using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). The structure of the WSPU was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The thermal properties of WSPU were analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

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48

Bai, Shouli, Jingyi Han, Ning Han, Kewei Zhang, Jianhua Sun, Lixia Sun, Ruixian Luo, Dianqing Li, and Aifan Chen. "An α-Fe2O3/NiO p–n hierarchical heterojunction for the sensitive detection of triethylamine." Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 7, no. 7 (2020): 1532–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9qi01548e.

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The 4Fe/Ni composite exhibits enhanced sensing properties to TEA compared with pristine α-Fe₂O₃. The enhancing sensing performance is attributed to big specific surface of hierarchical structures and the formation of p–n heterojunction.

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49

Wang, Lan, Jun Ling Ren, and Bing Chang. "The Studies on Photolysis of Dioxins from MSW Ash by TiO₂ Thin Film Codoped Co and N." Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (March 2012): 3850–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.3850.

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Co\N codoped mesoporous TiO2 thin films that adhered to the glass slides were prepared with normal temperature complexation method by using tetrabutyl titanate(TBT) , triethylamine(TEA), cobalt dichloride hexahydrate．The XRD patterns of the samples of the thin films indicated that the sample appeared sharp titanium ore and rutile characteristic peaks and characteristic peaks became wide．And the photocatalytic degradation study of dioxins from MSW ash had been carried out. The result showed that the mesoporous TiO2 thin films Co\N codoped had high photocatalytic efficiency and was in favor of the regeneration and reuse.

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50

Chen, Jian Jeffrey, and Dennis D. Tanner. "The reduction of α-bromocamphor by tertiary amines." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 70, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v92-028.

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The reduction of α-bromocamphor to camphor by N,N-dimethylaniline (DMA) at high temperatures (> 200 °C) proceeds via a free radical chain sequence. The reduction can be effected with DMA or triethylamine (TEA) in acetonitrile at much lower temperatures in the presence of di-tert-butylperoxide. The chain termination step is the dimerization of the camphor radical. These reductions presumably constitute an example of an electron transfer chain mechanism involving a tertiary amine as the chain propagating species. Keywords: reduction, tertiary amines, α-bromocamphor, chain reaction.

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