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1
De Greiff, Alexis. "The tale of two peripheries: The creation of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste." Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences 33, no. 1 (2002): 33–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hsps.2002.33.1.33.
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The negotiations to create the International Centre for Theoretical Physics took place between 1960 and 1963 within the International Atomic Energy Agency. This study pays special attention to the active roles played by scientists, politicians, and intellectuals from the host-city, Trieste (Italy), and the historical circumstances that allowed this group of local actors to become key figures in the establishment of the Centre. The hostility of delegations from several industrialized countries, the Soviet Union, and India, and the constraints that the American hostility put upon the future of the Centre, are also considered. The paper lies at the intersection of the history of 20th-century physics, international relations of science, and development studies.
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Vidović, Jelena, Rafał Nawrot, Ivo Gallmetzer, Alexandra Haselmair, Adam Tomašových, Michael Stachowitsch, Vlasta Ćosović, and Martin Zuschin. "Anthropogenically induced environmental changes in the northeastern Adriatic Sea in the last 500 years (Panzano Bay, Gulf of Trieste)." Biogeosciences 13, no. 21 (November 1, 2016): 5965–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5965-2016.
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Abstract. Shallow and sheltered marine embayments in urbanized areas are prone to the accumulation of pollutants, but little is known about the historical baselines of such marine ecosystems. Here we study foraminiferal assemblages, geochemical proxies and sedimentological data from 1.6 m long sediment cores to uncover ∼ 500 years of anthropogenic pressure from mining, port and industrial activities in the Gulf of Trieste, Italy. From 1600 to 1900 AD, normalized element concentrations and foraminiferal assemblages point to negligible effects of agricultural activities. The only significant anthropogenic activity during this period was mercury mining in the hinterlands of the gulf, releasing high amounts of mercury into the bay and significantly exceeding the standards on the effects of trace elements on benthic organisms. Nonetheless, the fluctuations in the concentrations of mercury do not correlate with changes in the composition and diversity of foraminiferal assemblages due to its non-bioavailability. Intensified agricultural and maricultural activities in the first half of the 20th century caused slight nutrient enrichment and a minor increase in foraminiferal diversity. Intensified port and industrial activities in the second half of 20th century increased the normalized trace element concentrations and persistent organic pollutants (PAH, PCB) in the topmost part of the core. This increase caused only minor changes in the foraminiferal community because foraminifera in Panzano Bay have a long history of adaptation to elevated trace element concentrations. Our study underlines the importance of using an integrated, multidisciplinary approach in reconstructing the history of environmental and anthropogenic changes in marine systems. Given the prolonged human impacts in coastal areas like the Gulf of Trieste, such long-term baseline data are crucial for interpreting the present state of marine ecosystems.
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Söllner, Alfons. "Totalitarismus – eine kleine Ideengeschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts." Politisches Denken. Jahrbuch 29, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/jpd.29.1.87.
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Totalitarianism is problably the most ambivalent political idea of the 20th century: it stands for the most negative experience with politics, it was used as polemical weapon within the major political conflicts of the epoch, and it attracted as many ingenious political thinkers in order to clarify totalitarianism as a scientific concept. The essay is only a sketch and tries to reconstruct the variations of the concept throughout five stages: its origins in Mussolini’s Italy, the pluralistic formation in the 1930/40s, the canonization during the cold war, its diminuation in the 1960/70s, and the comeback after 1989. The author argues that it is exactly the multiplicity or even then controversial character of the concept which makes it so significant for the ruptured history of the 20th century.
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Andreoni, Luca. "Oilseed Cakes in Italy and France: Opportunities and Difficulties of a Market (late 19th and first half of the 20th Century)." Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook 62, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 129–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2021-0006.
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Abstract This paper addresses the trade and commercialisation of oilseed cakes (residues from the extraction of oils) and press cakes in Italy and France during the last decades of the 19th century and in the first half of the 20th century. It tries to demonstrate that the diffusion of oilseed cakes for livestock, a distinctive sign of the intensification of breeding that involved all of Europe, or as organic fertilisers, took place at the crossroads of multiple dynamics. Trade policy of the states, industrial choices and development paths of the different rural worlds help to explain the variations in timing, spatial scale and methods used. The spread of oilseed cakes confirms that the modernisation of European agriculture happened on different and interrelated fronts.
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Manfredini, Matteo, Marco Breschi, Alessio Fornasin, Stanislao Mazzoni, Sergio De lasio, and Alfredo Coppa. "Maternal Mortality in 19th- and Early 20th-century Italy." Social History of Medicine 33, no. 3 (February 5, 2019): 860–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkz001.
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Summary Although dramatically reduced in Western and developed countries, maternal mortality is still today one of the most relevant social and health scourges in developing countries. This is the reason why high levels of maternal mortality are always interpreted as a sign of low living standards, ignorance, poverty and woman discrimination. Maternal mortality represents, therefore, a very peculiar characteristic of demographic systems of ancien regime. Despite this important role in demographic systems, no systematic study has been addressed to investigate the impact of maternal mortality in historical Italy. The aim of this article is to shed some light on such a phenomenon by investigating its trend over time and the determinants in some Italian populations between the 18th and the early 20th centuries. The analysis will make use of civil and parish registers linked together by means of nominative techniques, and it will be, therefore, carried out at the micro level.
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Griffante, Andrea. "BETWEEN EMPIRE AND NATION STATE. URBAN SPACE AND CONFLICTING MEMORIES IN TRIESTE (19TH–EARLY 20TH CENTURY)." Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 39, no. 1 (April 14, 2015): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2015.1031441.
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Cities are particular spaces in which such a fight for territory occurs. By their own nature, cities imply a work of transformation and appropriation of territory into a narrative construct or text. In the 19th and early 20thcentury, Trieste underwent a transformation of its own urban space that expressed the existence and concurrence of different national narratives. In the 18th and 19th centuries the Trieste's coastline performed the cosmopolitan elite's identity by highlighting the relation between social status, ethnic origins of elite's member, and the individuals’ conscience of participating in the exceptionality of a city ‘without history.’ As the elite's economic ground changed, the representation of identity in space changed consequently. The consolidation of fascist regime supported the construction of a new myth of Trieste characterized by an old Roman origin and the heroic efforts of its inhabitants to join the ‘Motherland’ that led to the creation of a new main urban axis constellated with sites highly representative of Trieste's ‘Latinity’ and permeated by a sense of collective participation in historical continuity.
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Paniga, Massimiliano. "Public Health Institutions in Italy in the 20th Century." Athens Journal of Mediterranean Studies 8, no. 2 (March 15, 2022): 117–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajms.8-2-3.
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Only recently studied by Italian historiography, public health is one of the most important sectors of a modern Welfare system. During the Twentieth century Italy faced the hygienic and sanitary problem often with different ways and tools than other European countries. The aim of this article is to understand better the attitude and the development of the main public health institutions, both at the central and peripheral level, during the three great phases that marked the history of Italy in the last century: the liberal age, fascism and the Republic, as well as to highlight the organisations, men and structures that exercised decisive functions in the bureaucratic and administrative State machine. The essay focuses on the most significative legislative measures (for example, the “Testi Unici” of 1907 and 1934) and the turning points that have changed the sector on the institutional plan, from the creation of the Directorate-General for Public Health inside the Ministry of the Interior, and destined to remain for the entire Fascist period, to the birth, in the post-war years, of the High Commission for Hygiene and Public Health, then replaced by the Ministry of Health, until the establishment of the National Health Service in 1978. Keywords: Welfare State, social policies, public health, assistance, institutions
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Ciravegna, Luciano. "Forms of enterprise in 20th century Italy. Boundaries, structures and strategies." Business History 53, no. 3 (June 2011): 462–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2011.563556.
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Stalmaszczyk, Piotr. "Celtic Studies in Poland in the 20th century: a bibliography." ZCPH 54, no. 1 (April 30, 2004): 170–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zcph.2005.170.
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Introduction Celtic Studies are concerned with the languages, literature, culture, mythology, religion, art, history, and archaeology of historical and contemporary Celtic countries and traces of Celtic influences elsewhere. The historical Celtic countries include ancient Gaul, Galatia, Celtiberia, Italy, Britain and Ireland, whereas the modern Celtic territories are limited to Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Isle of Man, Cornwall and Brittany. It has to be stressed that Celtic Studies are not identical with Irish (or Scottish, Welsh, or Breton) Studies, though they are, for obvious reasons, closely connected.
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Mann, Vivian, and Daniel Chazin. "Printing, Patronage and Prayer: Art Historical Issues in Three Responsa." IMAGES 1, no. 1 (2007): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187180007782347557.
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Abstract"Printing, Patronage and Prayer: Art Historical Issues in Three Responsa" presents texts from 16th-century Italy, 17th-century Bohemia, and 20th-century Russia that explore the following issues: the impact of the new technology of printing on Jewish ceremonial art and limits to the dedication and use of art in the synagogue.
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Antonelli, Mauro, and Siegfried Ludwig Sporer. "The History of Eyewitness Testimony and the Foundations of the "Lie Detector" in Austria and Italy." RIVISTA SPERIMENTALE DI FRENIATRIA, no. 1 (April 2021): 41–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/rsf2021-001003.
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Although little known, the theoretical and methodological roots of lie detection, in particular of the development of the so-called "lie detector", must be placed in central Europe, in particular in Germany, Austria, and later in Italy at the turn of the 19th and 20th century. Focusing on Austria and Italy, we trace this development from Hans Gross in Austria to Vittorio Benussi and his pupil Cesare L. Musatti in Italy. Benussi, initially active at the University of Graz and later at the University of Padua, was the mediating link between the Austrian and Italian legal psychology tradition.
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Toroš, Ana. "Slovene-Friulian-Italian Literary Connections at the Beginning of the 20th Century: The Case of Alojz Gradnik and Select Friulian and Italian authors." Interlitteraria 22, no. 2 (January 16, 2018): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2017.22.2.15.
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Based on the case of Alojz Gradnik (1882–1967), this article deals with previously unresearched Slovene-Friulian-Italian literary connections that occurred during the last years of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the first years after WWI along the border of today’s Slovenia (Goriška Brda) and Italy (the region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia: the Provinces of Gorizia, Udine and Trieste). The article highlights the parallels in motifs, themes, ideas and form, as well as the connections between Alojz Gradnik and select Friulian and Italian authors from this region. These links are the consequence of living in a joint cultural space and Gradnik’s Friulian family ties, especially with his cousin Maria Samer. The research uncovers certain differences in motifs, themes and ideas stemming from different national identities. Gradnik’s poetry is closest to Friulian lyrical poetry in their descriptions and experiences of a rural setting, predominantly the deep bond felt between the farming people and native land coupled with their terrible social strife. Gradnik and his contemporary Friulian authors also coincide in works with a nationalist theme – on the threshold of WWI both Slovene and Friulian authors infused their work with their personal vision for the future of their own community. They shared a negative literary depiction of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the wish to secure a better economic future, to protect and solidify their cultural heritage. Gradnik’s poetry and that of the contemporary Italian (irredentist) authors share a similar literary technique that depicted the national identities of today’s border between Italy and Slovenia; they were ideologically opposed however: while the Italians depicted the Italian view of the region, Gradnik highlights the presence of a Slavic element within the region.
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Ennis, Juan Antonio. "Italian-Spanish Contact in Early 20th Century Argentina." Journal of Language Contact 8, no. 1 (December 17, 2015): 112–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-00801006.
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This article attempts to provide a general approach to the exceptional language contact situation that took place in Argentina from the end of the 19thcentury until the first decades of the 20thcentury, in which an enormous immigration flow drastically modified the sociolinguistic landscape. This was most evident in urban environments—and among them especially the Buenos Aires area—and led the local ruling elites to set up a complex and massive apparatus for the nationalisation of the newcomers, which included a language shift in the first stage. Given that the majority of immigrants came from Italy, the most widespread form of contact was that between the local varieties of Spanish and the Italian dialects spoken by the immigrants, which led to the creation of a contact variety called Cocoliche that arose, lived then perished. Although this contact variety did not survive the early years, at least not as a full-fledged variety, the history of its emergence and the ways in which it can be studied today nevertheless make it an object of special interest for research perspectives oriented around the question of the early years of language contact. This article gives an account of this history so as to provide an analysis of a series of documents that, in a highly mediated way, can be used as an unreliable but nonetheless interesting corpus for the study of language and culture contact.
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Baroni, Francesco. "Tra esoterismo, New Age e mistica cristiana: le dottrine del « Cerchio Firenze 77 »." Aries 11, no. 2 (2011): 167–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156798911x581225.
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AbstractOne of the most interesting features of the 20th-century esoteric revival in Italy is the rise of a lively spiritualist culture. Many spiritualist groups, while still paying attention to physical phenomena (levitation, apports, etc.), produced a rich doctrinal literature of increasingly sophisticated content. The 'Cerchio Firenze 77' is certainly the most famous among these groups. It emerged around the Florentine medium Roberto Setti (1930–1984) and was active throughout the 1950s, the 1960s and the 1970s. The doctrines exposed by the 'Masters' to the participants in the séances show a complex interweaving of esoteric themes, mystical ideas and scientific concepts that made the works of 'Cerchio' highly successful, and comparable to the great classics of 20th-century channeling, such as Jane Roberts's 'Seth books'.
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Federico, Giovanni. "Italy's Late and Unprofitable Forays into Empire." Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 16, no. 1 (March 1998): 377–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610900007163.
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Italy's colonial history is better known for its failures (notably the battle of Adwa, the major defeat of a Western power by an African army in the 19th century) than for its achievements. Italy succeeded in conquering a substantial «empire» only in the 20th century, when the traditional colonial powers were already in retreat1. But this has not always been the case. The Venetian republic successfully ruled for many centuries the first «colonial» empire in Western Europe 2.
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Capocci, Mauro. "Tra politica e medicina. La storia della malaria in Italia." PASSATO E PRESENTE, no. 76 (March 2009): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pass2009-076008.
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- Mauro Capocci discusses a recent book by Frank Snowden, who reconstructs the history of the struggle against malaria in Italy during the 20th century, and Eugenia Tognotti's study of that sickness in Sardinia. Until 1970 malaria was endemic in Italy, concentrated traditionally in river plains and along the coasts, but with a lower mortality in North Italy because of the cold winter climate and drainage of the marshland areas. The two studies are notable not only for the history of medicine and science, but because of the attention they pay to the social and political aspects of the struggle against malaria. Keywords: Italy, History, Medicine, Malaria. Parole chiave: Italia, Storia, Medicina, Malaria.
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Majori, Giancarlo. "SHORT HISTORY OF MALARIA AND ITS ERADICATION IN ITALY." Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases 4, no. 1 (March 10, 2012): e2012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4084/mjhid.2012.016.
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In Italy at the end of 19th Century, malaria cases amounted to 2 million with 15,000-20,000 deaths per year. Malignant tertian malaria was present in Central-Southern areas and in the islands. Early in the 20th Century, the most important act of the Italian Parliament was the approval of laws regulating the production and free distribution of quinine and the promotion of measures aiming at the reduction of the larval breeding places of Anopheline vectors. The contribution from the Italian School of Malariology (Camillo Golgi, Ettore Marchiafava, Angelo Celli, Giovanni Battista Grassi, Amico Bignami, Giuseppe Bastianelli) to the discovery of the transmission’s mechanism of malaria was fundamental in fostering the initiatives of the Parliament of the Italian Kingdom. A program of cooperation for malaria control in Italy, supported by the Rockefeller Foundation started in 1924, with the establishment of the Experimental Station in Rome, transformed in 1934 into the National Institute of Public Health. Alberto Missiroli, Director of the Laboratory of Malariology, conducted laboratory and field research, that with the advent of DDT brought to Italy by the Allies at the end of the World War II, allowed him to plan a national campaign victorious against the secular scourge.
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Klabjan, Borut. "Erecting fascism: Nation, identity, and space in Trieste in the first half of the twentieth century." Nationalities Papers 46, no. 6 (November 2018): 958–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2017.1313216.
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This article discusses the transformation of the urban space after World War I in the former Habsburg port city of Trieste. It reveals the key role played by the newly annexed northeastern Adriatic borderland in the national symbolism of postwar Italy, and it indicates how slogans and notions of Italian nationalism, irredentism, and fascism intertwined and became embodied in the local cultural landscape. The analysis is mostly concentrated on the era between the two world wars, but the aim of the article is to interpret the interwar years as part of longer term historical developments in the region rather than a break in its history. Looking at how monuments, buildings, and spatial planning in general functioned as ideological and national marking, and how this helped to shape the nation in a multi-ethnic town, this article seeks to contribute to a better understanding of changes as well as continuities in the modern history of south-central Europe. It argues that even if the cityscape had undergone drastic changes in its aesthetics after World War I, its ideological language was rooted in prewar nationalism and continued to support the local urban palimpsest in the Cold War.
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Morganti, R., A. Tosone, D. Di Donato, and M. Abita. "HBIM AND THE 20TH CENTURY STEEL BUILDING HERITAGE – A PROCEDURE SUITABLE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION HISTORY IN ITALY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W9 (January 31, 2019): 515–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w9-515-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The use of steel technologies in Italian architecture still represents an unexplored field of research, characterised by limited and fragmented episodes that reveal important design experimentations and relevant architectural results of the 20th century. For this reason, the aim of the research consists of defining a HBIM methodological approach addressed to the study of modern steel architectures, considering their specific features and their hybrid constructive nature. Indeed these buildings are often characterized by a high level of industrial production of building components merged with the recovery of a craftsmanship tradition, particularly appearing at the scale of structure and envelope details. The balance between standardization and traditional techniques in production processes, leads to the definition of a HBIM method composed of three steps: an operational tools for existing buildings of 20th century made of steel that could support the construction of building digital archives, the organisation of maintenance programs and possible transformative actions, avoiding the loss of this heritage sometimes caused by bad interventions that deeply change original and valuable features of these architectures.</p>
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Matasova, Tatiana. "Genesis and progress of russian studies in Italy in the 20th century as a scientific problem." Rossiiskaia istoriia, no. 2 (2020): 186–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086956870009265-2.
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McLean, Eden. "What Does It Mean to Be a(n Italian) Borderland? Recent Literature on Italy's ‘New Provinces’ of South Tyrol and the Julian March." Contemporary European History 30, no. 3 (January 21, 2021): 449–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777320000545.
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In the era of the Schengen Area (at least in the days before Covid-19), travel from Munich to Bozen/Bolzano or Ljubljana to Trst/Trieste is a decidedly unremarkable, albeit beautiful, adventure. Just as meaningful as the lack of border controls, travellers find all public signage in both Italian and German (and sometimes Ladin, too) upon arrival in Bozen/Bolzano. Signs in the streets of Trst/Trieste less reliably have Slovene alongside the Italian, but assistance with translation can be found with little difficulty. The Italian autonomous regions ‘with special statutes’ in which these cities reside – Trentino-Alto Adige (South Tyrol) and Friuli Venezia Giulia (the Julian March) – are multilingual territories that, at least on an official level, embrace a multiethnic heritage and reality. In fact, Trentino-Alto Adige's consociational democracy is widely regarded among political scientists as an international role model for how states can successfully protect and give voice to minority populations. Those unfamiliar with the more recent history of these regions might be surprised to learn of these avowedly multiethnic political and cultural structures. For much of the first half of the twentieth century, the regions’ two states – Austria-Hungary until 1919 and thereafter Italy – employed the ‘nationality principle’ to define policies and populations in these territories. As in most of Europe at the time, sovereignty was increasingly predicated on the contemporary ideal of the nation state, in which borders, ethnicity, language and citizenship were all bound together. Of course, as a multiethnic empire, Austria-Hungary was much more concerned about centralising state authority (and then fighting a world war) than national homogeneity, while Italy's nationalisation campaign in the interwar period became fundamental to its presence in the new provinces. Still, both states sought to classify and ultimately to control their border populations by privileging ethnolinguistic categories of citizenship.
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Ivašković, Igor. "The Implications of the “New Course” Strategy." Politička misao 56, no. 3-4 (March 11, 2020): 218–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20901/pm.56.3-4.10.
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This article examines the political framework of “novi kurs” (“New Course”) from the beginning of the 20th century, its strategic aims and its function within the battle of different visions of a South Slavic state. The evidence shows that the new political direction contributed to the improvement of conflicting relations between Croats and Serbs, but, at the same time, it had a negative impact on the Croatian-Slovenian alliance along the Adriatic coast. In the context of the latter relation, the author analyses the reactions of Slovenians from Trieste and Primorska region who were supposed to be the collaterals due to what seemed to be an agreement between Serbs and Croats. However, although the “New Course” may be seen as long expected consensus between Croats and Serbs, a thorough analysis undermines that thesis. This became evident with the formation of two political factions within the Croatian-Serbian Coalition in which different views on the fundamental geopolitical parameters of the South Slavic state were developed.
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Kouvarou, Maria. "American Rock with a European Twist: The Institutionalization of Rock’n’Roll in France, West Germany, Greece, and Italy (20th Century)." Historia Crítica, no. 57 (July 2015): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7440/histcrit57.2015.05.
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Andrei, Paolo, C. Richard Baker, and Massimo Sargiacomo. "Public Sector Accounting in Italy at the Beginning of the 20th Century: The Contributions of Fabio Besta." Accounting Historians Journal 44, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/aahj-10521.
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ABSTRACT The 19th century and the first decades of the 20th century were particularly important for the development of accounting theory. Various accounting historians have emphasized the key role of Italian scholars during this period (Amaduzzi 2001; Bariola 1897; Ceccherelli 1915; Luchini 1898; Melis 1950). One of the most important of these scholars was Fabio Besta. This paper presents both a biography of Fabio Besta and a discussion of his contributions to accounting thought. There are two primary motivations for this paper; namely (1) to contribute to the biographical strand of accounting history research, and (2) to develop a better understanding of the history of public sector/state accounting. Besta is acknowledged as one of the most important Italian scholars of the accounting discipline. His work, focusing on public administration, is remarkable for its clarity and depth, and it is of particular interest today for researchers of business and management, especially with regard to those aspects that differentiate private sector from public administration. Over a century after his death, Besta's work continues to be of great interest. In fact, the debate concerning accounting methods in the public sector has not yet been completely resolved, with the process of change from cash-based to accrual-based accounting still taking place in many countries.
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Rocke, Michael. "The Biblioteca Berenson at Villa I Tatti." Art Libraries Journal 33, no. 1 (2008): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200015157.
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Although it began as the personal library of one of the most influential art historians and connoisseurs of the last century, the Biblioteca Berenson now has a broad interdisciplinary scope that goes far beyond art and art history. As the library of Harvard University’s Center for Italian Renaissance Studies since the 1960s, it has become a major resource for research into all aspects of the society, culture and thought of Italy between about 1200 and 1650. Nonetheless the Berenson Library offers rich and often unique resources for art historical research, both on the Renaissance and on the 20th century.
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Lozinskaya, Evgeniia. "AFTER WEINBERG. BOOK REVIEW: THE RECEPTION OF ARISTOTLE’S POETICS IN THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE AND BEYOND. NEW DIRECTIONS IN CRITICISM / ED. BY BRAZEAU B." RZ-Literaturovedenie, no. 1 (2021): 23–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/lit/2021.01.02.
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The book written by an international team of scholars and edited by B. Brazeau explores literary criticism and reception of Aristotle's «Poetics» in early modern Italy. Revisiting the «intellectual history» of Renaissance poetic studies written by Bernard Weinberg in 1960-s, the contributors find its own place whithin the 2000-years long tradition of translations, commentaries and polemic treatises. The authors apply new methods from book history, translation studies, history of emotions and classical reception to early modern Italian texts, placing them in dialogue with 20th-century literary theory, and thus map out avenues for future study.
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Gouthier, Daniele. "Nearly five centuries of science books." Journal of Science Communication 10, no. 01 (March 21, 2011): C01. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.10010301.
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In four steps – from Renaissance to the dawn of the 20th century – this issue explores some aspects of the history of book sciences, as research and popularisation instruments also playing a role in economy. Adrian Johns speaks about the origin of science books in the Renaissance. Then, through the papers respectively by Bruce Lewenstein and Paola Govoni, the focus moves to science books in 19th-century America and Italy. They demonstrate that, in both countries, science books were a stimulus to the establishment of a national scientific community. Finally, Francesco De Ceglia exemplifies the role played by agrarian catechisms in the process of spreading farming skills among landowners.
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Cerasi, Laura. "From corporatism to the “foundation of labour”: notes on political cultures across Fascist and Republican Italy." Tempo 25, no. 1 (April 2019): 239–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/tem-1980-542x2018v250113.
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Abstract: Until the mid-1930s, corporatism represented the main vehicle of self-representation that fascism gave to its own resolution of the crisis of the modern state; the investment in corporatism involved not only the attempt to build a new institutional architecture that regulated the relations between the State, the individual and society, but also the legal, economic and political debate. However, while the importance of corporatism decreased in the last years of the regime, the labour issue to which it was genetically linked found new impetus. After Liberation Day, the labour issue was not abandoned along with corporatism, but it was laid down in Article 1 of the Constitution. The aim of this paper is to acknowledge the political cultures that in interwar years faced the above-mentioned processes, with particular reference to the fascist “left”, the reformist socialists and, above all, Catholics of different orientations, in order to examine some features of the relationship between the labour issue and statehood across the 20th century.
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Čebron Lipovec, Neža. "Homage to a New Town in an Old One: Dequel’s Bust of Pier Paolo Vergerio il Giovane." Ars & Humanitas 13, no. 1 (August 20, 2019): 248–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ah.13.1.248-263.
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The concept of collective memory raises fundamental questions regarding the assessment of heritage, especially of built heritage in contested spaces. The simultaneous presence of different groups in conflict introduces into the space parallel memory discourses that can be recognised both in the built environment as well as in public sculpture, and both can be read as a symbolic marking of space (Veschambre, 2008). The urban space of northern Istria, where the Italian and Slovene communities have become intertwined throughout history, were drastically marked by the political and historic events of the mid-20th century. Post-war conflict-solving processes lead and an ongoing process of “ethnic metamorphosis” (Purini, 2010) in the region came to a peak when the majoritarian Italian-speaking population of the urban area emigrated, while the space was settled by newcomers from inner Slovenian regions and other Yugoslav republics. Tensions between Slovenes and Italians arose in the early 20th century, especially from the period of Fascist oppression and violence against the Slovene population. Nevertheless, the antifascist struggle united the two ethnic groups, specifically within the Communist ideology, so after WWII the area of the so-called Zona B of the Free Territory of Trieste was marked by the ideal of fratellanza, the brotherhood between Italians and Slovenes in Istria. A monument to this ideal was created by a sculptor from Capodistria, Oreste Dequel, who is unknown in the Slovene context. The sculpture represented the Protestant Bishop of Capodistria, Pier Paolo Vergerio il Giovane, a friend of the key Slovene Protestant Primož Trubar. Despite the then leading Socialist Realist aesthetics, the artist managed to intertwine in the artwork, using a subversive approach, several collective memories.
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Čebron Lipovec, Neža. "Homage to a New Town in an Old One: Dequel’s Bust of Pier Paolo Vergerio il Giovane." Ars & Humanitas 13, no. 1 (August 20, 2019): 248–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ars.13.1.248-263.
Full textAbstract:
The concept of collective memory raises fundamental questions regarding the assessment of heritage, especially of built heritage in contested spaces. The simultaneous presence of different groups in conflict introduces into the space parallel memory discourses that can be recognised both in the built environment as well as in public sculpture, and both can be read as a symbolic marking of space (Veschambre, 2008). The urban space of northern Istria, where the Italian and Slovene communities have become intertwined throughout history, were drastically marked by the political and historic events of the mid-20th century. Post-war conflict-solving processes lead and an ongoing process of “ethnic metamorphosis” (Purini, 2010) in the region came to a peak when the majoritarian Italian-speaking population of the urban area emigrated, while the space was settled by newcomers from inner Slovenian regions and other Yugoslav republics. Tensions between Slovenes and Italians arose in the early 20th century, especially from the period of Fascist oppression and violence against the Slovene population. Nevertheless, the antifascist struggle united the two ethnic groups, specifically within the Communist ideology, so after WWII the area of the so-called Zona B of the Free Territory of Trieste was marked by the ideal of fratellanza, the brotherhood between Italians and Slovenes in Istria. A monument to this ideal was created by a sculptor from Capodistria, Oreste Dequel, who is unknown in the Slovene context. The sculpture represented the Protestant Bishop of Capodistria, Pier Paolo Vergerio il Giovane, a friend of the key Slovene Protestant Primož Trubar. Despite the then leading Socialist Realist aesthetics, the artist managed to intertwine in the artwork, using a subversive approach, several collective memories.
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Lipparini, Lorenzo, Francesco Gerali, and Roberto Bencini. ""Dighe di pece e di asfalto": bitumen exploitation history in the Abruzzo region (Central Italy) across the 20th century." Rendiconti Online della Società Geologica Italiana 44 (March 2018): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3301/rol.2018.09.
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Belcastro, M. G., B. Bonfiglioli, M. E. Pedrosi, M. Zuppello, V. Tanganelli, and V. Mariotti. "The History and Composition of the Identified Human Skeletal Collection of the Certosa Cemetery (Bologna, Italy, 19th-20th Century)." International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 27, no. 5 (July 31, 2017): 912–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oa.2605.
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Trento, Giovanna. "From Marinetti to Pasolini: Massawa, the Red Sea, and the Construction of "Mediterranean Africa" in Italian Literature and Cinema." Northeast African Studies 12, no. 1 (April 1, 2012): 273–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41960565.
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Abstract Postwar Italian historiography tended for decades to exclude colonialism from national history, and the country largely forgot its colonial past. The interconnections between the academic schools and anthropological scholarly theories that focused on the Horn of Africa during Italian colonialism and twentieth century Italian literary and cinematic representations of the Horn and the Red Sea have been understudied and underestimated. This article will argue that during Italian colonialism, Italy and the Horn of Africa were interconnected through the Mediterranean and Red Sea by scholarly, literary, cultural religious, and imaginary links that contributed to the construction of a "Mediterranean Africa," based on genetic continuities and the legacies with Latin antiquity and ancient Roman values. Such baggage affected or was affected by the building of Italian-ness after the country’s unification, Italy’s self-representation, the country’s Southern question, and its articulation of "modernity." As this article will show, the construction of "Mediterranean Africa" influenced the Italian literary and cinematic representations of Northeast Africa, throughout the 20th century; from the founder of Futurism—the Egypt born writer Filippo Tommaso Marinetti—in the first four decades of the century, to the leftist writer and filmmaker Pier Paolo Pasolini, in the 1960s and 1970s. The problematic transnational links constructed between Italy, the Horn of Africa, and the Red Sea would also surface in the works of the most prominent film directors during Fascism, Alessandro Blasetti and Mario Camerini, and other important writers, like Giovanni Comisso, Ennio Flaiano and Giorgio Manganelli.
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Garruccio, Roberta. "Visualising Deindustrial Ruins in an Oral History Project: Sesto San Giovanni (Milan)." (Post-)Industrial Memories. Oral History and Structural Change 31, no. 2-2018 (October 6, 2020): 80–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/bios.v31i2.07.
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My contribution focuses on a photo collection dedicated to Sesto San Giovanni, a medium-sized city north of Milan that became the fifth largest industrial district in Italy after WWII. Built around the beginning of the 20th century, its heavy industries were dismantled before that century drew to its close. Closely connected to a campaign of interviews conducted by historians and social anthropologists, the images under consideration aim to relate the photographic representation of former industrial spaces in Sesto as they are today to the oral testimonies and memories gathered between 2013 and 2015. The article elaborates on several points: it briefly sketches the reasons why Sesto San Giovanni is a relevant place to study structural change and deindustrialisation; defines the nature of the visual documentation we gathered during our oral history project; describes the context where this evidence has been conceived and collected; and attempts some suggestions to understand where the fascination that emanates from these images lies, and what contemporary viewers can perceive from them as part of a large deindustrial ruin imagery, something becoming a “global genre”.
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Leoni, Giulia. "Social responsibility in practice: an Italian case from the early 20th century." Journal of Management History 23, no. 2 (April 10, 2017): 133–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmh-10-2016-0057.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the ideals informing the social strategy of Marzotto, an Italian family business in the textile industry, during the rise and fall of the fascist regime and to compare it with the main concepts of social responsibility theory that developed from the 1950s onwards. Because Italy at that time was a family-based economy, subject to a dictatorial government, it offers an interesting context of investigation that is similar to various contemporary emerging countries. Design/methodology/approach Using a company’s public social report and various published histories, the historical case study of this Italian family business and its pioneering social strategy is reconstructed. Through the identification of the social practices and the ideals underlying the strategy, the analysis finds similarities and differences with the traditional concepts from social responsibility literature. Findings The study finds that Marzotto’s social strategy traces some dimensions of social responsibility theory for it was a voluntary and discretional act by the business owner; it was based on the necessary balance between economic and social aims; and it was focusing only on social issues. Instead, the “social” spectrum is found to have a different meaning in the Marzotto strategy with respect to the “social” in the traditional theory because it was limited to a local level and limited groups of stakeholders. Practical implications By showing the relevant role of business-owners in social responsibility awareness, this study has implications for contemporary practice. It suggests that the educating business-owners about social responsibility and the development of bottom-up rather than top-down social initiatives will be crucial in contemporary similar contexts. The results also open to new research opportunities on corporate social responsibility in the past to explain contemporary differences among its implementation in different countries. Originality/value The research brings awareness to social responsibility in the past in a context other than traditional Western countries and to its differences and similarities with the established social responsibility framework. It is the first study on past social practices that makes use of primary sources to support the analysis.
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Kusenko, Olga I. "Preface to translation." History of Philosophy 27, no. 2 (November 10, 2022): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2074-5869-2022-27-2-117-130.
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In this article, we provide the first commented edition and translation of an important fragment from Vladimir Zabugin’s posthumous work “The History of the Christian Renaissance in Italy” (Milan, 1924). Zabugin was a Russian historian, philologist and thinker, who lived and worked in Italy in the first quarter of the 20th century. He made an important contribution to the history of ideas with his concept of “Christian Renaissance”, abolishing the postulated antithesis of the Middle Ages and Renaissance as well as the idea of the Renaissance as the revival of antiquity. A sudden death in a mountaineering accident in the Italian Alps prevented Zabugin from completing his outstanding monography: editing the text, compiling notes, bibliography, name index, the absence of which made it very difficult for specialists to refer to the text. That is because a special focus of the present article lies in commenting the fragment and guiding the reader through Zabugin’s key conceptional points. The presented fragment of the first chapter of the book sought to emphasize the continuity of classical and christian culture in Italian proto-Renaissance literature, philosophy, architecture, fine arts. Refering to the eve of the Renaissance (13th century), Zabugin clearly demonstrates how the Christian culture “imperat” here, and the pagan one “ministrat”.
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Lipparini, Lorenzo, Roberto Bencini, and Francesco Gerali. ""Sgorga il Petrolio dalla Terra d'Abruzzo": oil exploration and production history in the Abruzzo region (Central Italy) across the 20th century." Rendiconti Online della Società Geologica Italiana 44 (March 2018): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3301/rol.2018.08.
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Кусенко, Ольга Игоревна. "CURRENT RECEPTION OF VLADIMIR ZABUGINN’S WORKS IN ITALY." Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Философия, no. 3(53) (October 30, 2020): 248–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vtphilos/2020.3.248.
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В начале 2000-х гг. в Италии были переизданы два ключевых труда русского филолога, мыслителя Владимира Николаевича Забугина: «Вергилий в итальянском Возрождении: от Данте до Торквато Тассо» и «История христианского Возрождения в Италии». Переиздание этих работ повлекло за собой новую волну интереса к наследию русского автора первой четверти XX в., жившего и работавшего в Италии. После долгих лет забвения труды Забугина о Вергилии, Помпонии Лете, Данте, истории итальянского Возрождения признаны классикой итальянской науки и переоценена его роль в герменевтическом обновлении истории искусств, главными героями которого были Аби Варбург и его школа. Об актуальной рецепции творчества Забугина в Италии пойдет речь в настоящей статье. In the early 2000s, two main works of the key Russian figure in the field of Italian Studies, philologist and thinker Vladimir Nikolaevich Zabugin «Virgil in the Italian Renaissance: from Dante to Torquato Tasso» and «The History of the Christian Renaissance in Italy» were republished in Italy. These editions provoked a new wave of interest to historical and philosophical heritage of the Russian author of the first quarter of the 20th century, who lived and worked in Italy. Previously neglected and forgotten Zabugin’s works on Virgil, Pomponius Lete, Dante, on the history of the Italian Renaissance were recognized as outstanding by leading historians, philologists, philosophers. Finally, his contribution to the hermeneutical turn of art history (whose main characters are considered Abi Warburg and his school) was also appreciated. The paper guides the reader through this current rediscovery and reception of Zabugin’s work in Italy with particular focus on his contribution to the field of renaissance studies.
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Thomas, Riley, Jocelyn Alcantára-García, and Jan Wouters. "A Snapshot of Viennese Textile History using Multi-Instrumental analysis: Benedict codecasa’s swatchbook." MRS Advances 2, no. 63 (2017): 3959–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.604.
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AbstractThe Habsburg Empire was a sovereign dynasty ruled by the Habsburgs between the 15th and 20th centuries. Although its borders were not defined before the 19th century, what is now Austria, Hungary, some areas of the Czech Republic, the Netherlands and Italy were at some point part of the Empire. Starting in the 17th century, the Empire had Vienna as the capital, which was a hub for culture and craft where silk was a valued commodity. Despite the political and cultural importance of the Empire, little is known of its trade practices and sources of raw material. Using a combination of X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Photodiode Array Detector (HPLC-PDA) for the study of a Viennese swatch book, we conducted the first systematic approach to understanding the industry. Benedict Codecasa, a prominent merchant active in Vienna between the late 18th and early 19th century sold silk and other textile goods. Authorized by the Royal Court, Codecasa was assumed to sell luxurious and high-quality textiles. However, our results suggested colored goods were dyed with more focus on aesthetics (finding a similar color) rather than quality through unique recipes. This greatly contrasts with other contemporary textile industries praised for their quality and which, in turn, might be related to comparatively lesser quality textiles sold in Vienna.
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Salman and Dr. Rani Tiwari. "Antisemitism in Umberto Eco’s The Prague Cemetery." Creative Launcher 7, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2022.7.2.08.
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The present paper focuses on the history of antisemitism and exploring it in the novel, The Prague Cemetery by Umberto Eco. Gradual development of antisemitism and conspiracy theories related to it will also be analysed in this paper. Umberto Eco's realistic portrayal of the then European society and various conspiratorial events and cover ups will also be dealt in the paper. The comparison between forging of the antisemitic text Protocols of The Learned Elders of Zion and its hate spreading message and use of it by Hitler as well as the main character Simone Simonini will also be done. A comparison will also be made between the condition of 19th century Italy and 20th century Germany. Simone Simonini's acquired antisemitism, xenophobism and conspiracy theory against the secret society The Freemasonry will also be analysed through the textual lines of the novel.
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Volpera, Federica. "Per la fortuna critica di Ludovico Brea: una monografia inedita di Piero De Minerbi (1911-1912)." Storia della critica d'arte: annuario della S.I.S.C.A. 1 (2020): 271–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.48294/s2020.015.
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The archive of the Pinacoteca Civica in Savona preserved an unpublished typescript about the painter Ludovico Brea (Nice, 1450 c.-1516/1525): this work was written between 1911 and 1912 by the art historian Piero Hierschel De Minerbi, who belonged to a noble family from Trieste. The study of the text, illustrated by seventy-seven black and white photos, and four tables featuring sketches by the author, enables not only to add a new element to the critical history of Ludovico Brea but also to reflect on the state of the history of art criticism in Italy at the beginning of the Twentieth century. Particularly research tools used by the scholar belong to Historical and Philological method of the connoiseurship as was formulated by Adolfo Venturi (1856-1941) and Pietro Toesca (1877-1962): beyond the choice of a specific genre as the artist’s monograph, and of a research topic focused on an artist who belonged to a peripheral area of Fifteenth- and Sixteenth-century Italian Art, De Minerbi’s method is characterized by the enhancement of the link between history and criticism, a deep attention to the formal and technical aspects of the paintings in order to identify Brea’s style and to reconstruct his catalogue, distinguishing his hands from those of his followers, and the use of research instruments as archival documents, photography and ink sketches of compositional and iconographic details. Finally, some unpublished letters written by Piero De Minerbi and the director of the Pinacoteca Civica in Savona, Poggio Poggi, between 1938 and 1940, enable to reconstruct the history of this typescripts and the reason of its presence in the archive of the museum.
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Grote, Georg. "Endeavour and Responsibility of the Historian – Creating an Archive of Ego Documents in Regions of Highly Contested Memories." Vjesnik Istarskog arhiva 28 (2021): 147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31726/via.28.7.
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The Irish folklore collection is a national social archive and has been an important focal point and a stabilizing influence on the development of the Irish collective identity after the foundation of the Irish Free State in 1922. This historic blueprint has been adapted and modified to fulfill a similar role in the emerging collective identity of South Tyrol in Northern Italy, where a challenging minority issue was pacified through far-reaching concessions and a regional political and cultural autonomy. This contribution outlines that establishing a social archive in this area of contested memories and conflicting interpretations of the history of the 20th century poses many challenges to the historian, ranging from the respect for individual recollections to the adoption of internationally accepted interpretations of the Fascist past in Germany and Italy. It concludes that despite these challenges, a social archive might be the appropriate instrument to foster reconciliation and mutual understanding.
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Dangore-Khasbage, Suwarna. "Epidemics and Pandemics in India Since 20th Century - A Brief Review." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 33 (August 16, 2021): 2830–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/576.
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The outbreak of an infectious disease and its spread beyond geographic boundaries which leads to a high mortality is declared as pandemic. The factors responsible for pandemic are globalization and travel of people across the world for education, employment, business etc. On March 11, 2020 the corona virus outbreak was declared as pandemic by the World Health Organization. Nevertheless, India was one of the countries affected by the coronavirus outbreak. This article describes the epidemics and pandemics in India since 20th century. But, India was a sufferer of few serious pandemics even before that which are mentioned in brief in this article. Every pandemic has some similar and some dissimilar set of characteristics. All the possible precautionary measures should be taken to avoid transmission within the country and to other countries. In this article, the sincere efforts have been put into compilation of all these natural disasters to alert the dental and medical professionals about the mistakes they might have committed in dealing with an outbreak in the past or how they would overcome or face the current issues. Fortunately India has fought against all these calamites bravely and successfully. Nevertheless during COVID-19 also, India is maintaining better control over the disease spread irrespective of its limited resources and dense population. Though overall incidence of new cases is reducing day by day, COVID-19 still exists in India and all over the world. A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time is termed as “endemic’. However, if the outbreak of a disease occurs due to its high infectious potential it can lead to a high mortality rate, and so is declared as a pandemic. The globalization and travel of people across the world is usually responsible for pandemic. India has handled many epidemics and pandemics as revealed by history. The World Health Organization declared the coronavirus outbreak as pandemic on March 11, 2020. Basically the disease originated in China, as the first case of COVID-19 infection was diagnosed in Wuhan city of China. Large number of cases were detected to be suffering from the same disease in China as it was a highly contagious disease. Presently, the disease has spread all over the world like a storm, affecting most of the countries, with the highest number of infected cases in U.S., Italy and Spain. India is also one of the victim countries. Taking into account the rapid spread of disease COVID 19 is the topic of great worry in India due to its high population density. This article describes the epidemics and pandemics since 20th century. But, India was a sufferer of few serious pandemics even before that such as Cholera Pandemic in 5 phases, Bombay Plague Epidemic and VIth Cholera Pandemic in 19thcentury.
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VOLOGDINA, Nataliya N., and Mikhail A. VOLODIN. "GARDEN AND PARK ENSEMBLES IN THE TOWNS’ HISTORY." Urban construction and architecture 11, no. 3 (December 15, 2021): 104–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2021.03.15.
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The narrative motive of the study is the fact of the infl uence of the garden and park ensembles’ construction on the development of cities. The historical periods of the highest fl owering of culture, philosophy, aesthetic ideas, and the development of construction skills have been selected for the work. The authors of the article draw att ention to the theoretical works of the 20th century in Western civilization, considering the city as a natural system. Their connection with the concepts of the 16th- 19th centuries in England, France, Italy, and France is affi rmed. The idea of the city as a natural system is revealed through images and metaphors, which help to understand the place of public landscapes in the history of civilization. The article presents the garden-park complexes, the creation of which changed the urban planning paradigm, initiated the construction of new cities, promoted the replacement of obsolete or lost elements of urban structure. The author suggests the classifi cation of landscape complexes according to their role in the development of urban planning and their infl uence on the artistic culture, architecture and morphology of the city.
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Karp, Sławomir. "Karp Familly from Rekijow in Samogitia in 20th century. A contribution to the history of Polish landowners in Lithuania." Masuro-Warmian Bulletin 303, no. 1 (May 15, 2019): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.51974/kmw-134970.
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The article concerns the fate of Felicjan Karp’s family, one of the richest landowners of Samogitia (Lithuania) in the first two decades of the 20th century. After his father, he inherited approximately 40,163 hectares. The history of this family perfectly illustrates the changes that this social class has undergone in the past century. The end of their existence was the end of the landowner’s existence. The twilight of the Samogitian Karps took place quite quickly, for only a quarter of a century from July 28, 1914, the date of the outbreak of World War I to the Soviet invasion of the Republic of Lithuania on June 15, 1940. Over the course of these years - on a large scale two-fold - military operations, changes in the political and economic system, including agricultural reform initiated in the reborn Lithuanian state in 1922 and deportations to Siberia in 1940 brutally closed the last stable chapter in the life of Rekijów’s owners, definitively exterminating them after more than 348 years from the land of their ancestors. Relations between the Karp family and the Rekijów estate should be dated at least from September 21, 1592. In addition to the description of the family, it is also necessary to emphasize their significant economic and political importance in the inhabited region. These last two aspects gained momentum especially from the first years of the 19th century and were reflected until 1922. At that time, representatives of the Karp family jointly owned approximately 70,050 ha and provided the country with two provincial marshals (Vilnius, Kaunas) and two county marshals (Upita, Ponevezys). The author also presents their fate during World War II in the Siberian Gulag, during the amnesty under the Sikorski–Majski Agreement of July 30, 1941, joining the formed Polish Army in the USSR (August 14, 1941), the soldier’s journey through Kermine in Uzbekistan, Krasnovodsk, Caspian Sea, Khanaqin in Iraq, Palestine to the military camp near Tel-Aviv and then Egypt and the entire Italian campaign, that is the battles of Monte Cassino, Loreto and Ancona. After the war, leaving Italy to England (1946), followed by a short stay in Argentina and finally settling in Perth, Australia.
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Amorim, Inês, and Bruno Pinto. "Portugal in the European Network of Marine Science Heritage and Outreach (19th–20th Centuries)." Humanities 8, no. 1 (January 17, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h8010014.
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The gradual consciousness of the scientific and economic riches of marine life is rooted in the legacy of some pillars of scientific production and dissemination in institutions such as natural history museums, aquariums, and maritime stations. Nowadays, one of the biggest issues of these scientific collections of species (marine or others) is their contextual interpretation which demands its original collection point, collectors, and original aims. The current research focuses on the origin of collections of marine specimens in Portugal as well as their historical evolution. In this particular approach, we assess the connection of the Portuguese natural history museums, universities and aquariums to similar European institutions since the mid-19th century, crossing primary sources from different archives. It was possible to reconstruct connections with the Zoological Station of the bay of Naples (Italy), the Maritime Museum of Monaco, and Aquariums of Monaco, France, and England. We identify both informers and the circulation of zoological specimens that underpin Museums and Aquariums collections that are today important scientific heritage repositories for a larger understanding of marine biodiversity and its threats, and core places of aesthetic contemplation and of philosophical discussion about the evolution of scientific knowledge.
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Andreone, Franco, Ferdinando Boero, Marco A. Bologna, Giuseppe M. Carpaneto, Riccardo Castiglia, Spartaco Gippoliti, Bruno Massa, and Alessandro Minelli. "Reconnecting research and natural history museums in Italy and the need of a national collection biorepository." ZooKeys 1104 (June 8, 2022): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1104.79823.
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In Italy, differently from other countries, a national museum of natural history is not present. This absence is due, among other reasons, to its historical political fragmentation up to 1870, which led to the establishment of medium-sized museums, mostly managed by local administrations or universities. Moreover, a change of paradigm in biological research, at the beginning of the 20th century, contributed to privilege experimental studies in universities and facilitated the dismissal of descriptive and exploratory biology, which formed the basis of the taxonomic research carried out by natural history museums. Consequently, only a few museums have a provision of curatorial staff, space and material resources adequate to maintain their original mission of discovering the natural world, by conducting a regular research activity accompanied by field campaigns. The creation of a national research centre for the study of biodiversity, facilitating interconnections among the existing natural history museums could be a solution and is here supported, together with a centralised biorepository to host collections and vouchers, to the benefit of current and future taxonomic research and environmental conservation. Such an institution should find place and realisation within the recently proposed National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC) planned within the National Plan of Recovery and Resilience (PNRR). Pending upon the creation of this new national centre, a network among the existing museums should coordinate their activities.
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Segnana, Michela, Klaus Oeggl, Luisa Poto, Jacopo Gabrieli, Daniela Festi, Werner Kofler, Piergiorgio Cesco Frare, Claudio Zaccone, and Carlo Barbante. "Holocene vegetation history and human impact in the eastern Italian Alps: a multi-proxy study on the Coltrondo peat bog, Comelico Superiore, Italy." Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 29, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 407–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00334-019-00749-y.
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Abstract The present study aims to reconstruct vegetation development, climate changes and human impact using an ombrotrophic peat core from the Coltrondo bog in the eastern Italian Alps. Evidence from pollen, micro-charcoal, major and trace elements, and lead isotopes from this 7,900 years old peat deposit has been combined, and several climatic oscillations and phases of human impact detected. In particular, human presence was recorded in this area of the Alps from about 650 cal bc, with periods of increased activity at the end of the Middle Ages and also at the end of the 19th century, as evidenced by both human-related pollen and the increase in micro-charcoal particles. The enrichment factor of lead (EFPb) increased since the Roman period and the Middle Ages, suggesting mainly mining activities, whereas the advent of industrialization in the 20th century is marked by the highest EFPb values in the whole core. The EFPb data are strongly supported by the 206Pb/207Pb values and these are in general agreement with the historical information available. Therefore, the multi-proxy approach used here has allowed detection of climatic events and human impact patterns in the Comelico area starting from the Iron Age, giving new insights into the palaeoecology as well as the course of the interaction among humans, climate and ecosystems in this part of the eastern Italian Alps.
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Reichardt, Dagmar. "PUT IT ON OR : USE IT AND ENJOY ! THE TRANSCULTURAL AND SYNERGIZING HISTORY OF ITALIAN FASHION AND INDUSTRIAL DESIGN." Culture Crossroads 19 (October 11, 2022): 285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.55877/cc.vol19.36.
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Among the three international fashion hubs Paris, Milan, and New York that have dominated fashion production since the 20th century, Italian fashion stands out through its transcultural Italophony. Since the historic beginnings of the West, the development of fashion, taste and etiquette in modern Italy plays both culturally and historically a key role in European politics, economics, literature, fine arts, music and theatre. This applies also to Italian design, which is – like fashion – a powerful nonverbal language in cultural, aesthetical and economic terms, expressing a unique and life-affirming sociological habitus. This essay intends to pinpoint the outstanding impact of taste, fashion and design originating from Italy and perceivable all over the world on a transcultural and transdisciplinary level. Starting with antiquity and Renaissance, both disciplines enter a period of prosperity and success during the golden 1950s and 1960s, supported by the rise of Cinecittà, family business structures and crafts enterprises. In early postmodernity, a shift takes place from Alta Moda to Pronto Moda, from fashion as art to popular, serial industrial ready?to?wear, and a complex reciprocal synergetic effect builds up between the fashion and design brands. Both sectors are equal in terms of international influence and versatility, both are associated complementary to each other, and both disseminate a new standard of shapeliness, elegance and peachiness in the whole country as well as on a transnational scale.
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Galadini, Fabrizio. "Ruins and Remains as a Background: Natural Catastrophes, Abandonment of Medieval Villages, and the Perspective of Civilization during the 20th Century in the Central Apennines (Abruzzi Region, Central Italy)." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (August 3, 2022): 9517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159517.
Full textAbstract:
The resettlement of villages strongly damaged by catastrophes during the 20th century played a key role in the modification of the Apennine landscape in Italy. Following their abandonment, the remains of the medieval settlements progressively deteriorated in their ruined condition, becoming ghost villages often made of sparse portions of buildings, traces of outer walls, and isolated vestiges of ancient monuments colonized by vegetation. Five cases of central Apennine abandoned villages in the Abruzzi region (Frattura, Sperone, Albe, Salle, and Gessopalena) were investigated, combining information on the local adverse geological conditions with the historical reconstruction of their abandonment and resettlement, based on archive documents from the 19th and 20th centuries. The history of these localities was conditioned by two strong earthquakes that struck the Abruzzi region in 1915 (magnitude 7.1) and 1933 (magnitude 5.9), and by slope instability. In all cases, abandonment and resettlement produced new villages against the background of ancient ruins and remains. In conclusion, the paper discusses the potential use of the material traces of local histories with educational aims. Geological evidence of natural hazards, remains of the abandoned settlements and resettled villages could be arranged in museums aimed at increasing the awareness of natural hazards and risks.