Academic literature on the topic 'Trickle irrigation South Australia'

Gardner, E. A. "Some examples of water recycling in Australian urban environments: a step towards environmental sustainability." Water Supply 3, no. 4 (August 1, 2003): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2003.0043.

Nguyen, VQ, R. Hermus, WB McGlasson, SK Meldrum, and ME Trethowan. "Fresh market tomatoes for production on raised beds in New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 28, no. 1 (1988): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9880127.

Argue, John R., and David Pezzaniti. "Catchment “greening” using stormwater in Adelaide, South Australia." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 2 (January 1, 1999): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0116.

Proust, Katrina. "Salinity in Colonial Irrigation: British India and south-eastern Australia." Australian Geographer 39, no. 2 (June 2008): 131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049180802056815.

Malano, Hector M., and Michael Patto. "Automation of border irrigation in South-East Australia: an overview." Irrigation and Drainage Systems 6, no. 1 (February 1992): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01102863.

Proust, Katrina. "Ignoring the signals: irrigation salinity in New South Wales, Australia." Irrigation and Drainage 52, no. 1 (2003): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ird.79.

Aldaoud, R., W. Guppy, L. Callinan, S. F. Flett, K. A. Wratten, G. A. Murray, T. Cook, and A. McAllister. "Occurrence of Phytophthora clandestina in Trifolium subterraneum paddocks in Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41, no. 2 (2001): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00048.

Steiner, JL, RCG Smith, WS Meyer, and JA Adeney. "Water use, foliage temperature and yield of irrigated wheat in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 36, no. 1 (1985): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9850001.

Cock, GJ. "Moisture characteristics of irrigated Mallee soils in South Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 1 (1985): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850209.

Lattimore, MAE. "Pastures in temperate rice rotations of south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 7 (1994): 959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9940959.

Esfandiari, Baiat Mansour, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, of Science Technology and Agriculture Faculty, and School of Agriculture and Rural Development. "Evaluation of furrow irrigation models for south-east Australia." THESIS_FSTA_ARD_EsfandiariBaiat_M.xml, 1997. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/739.

James-Smith, Julianne Marie. "Development of a water management model for the evaluation of streamflow for aquifer storage and recovery." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENS/09ensj291.pdf.

Swarts, Derek Juan. "Soil community structure and litter decomposition under irrigated Eucalyptus Globulus in South Western Australia." Connect to thesis, 2006. http://portal.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2006.0051.html.

Swarts, Derek J. "Soil community structure and litter decomposition under irrigated Eucalyptus Globulus in South Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2006. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/100.

Peräläinen, Lina. "Variations in the performance of maize (Zea mayz) yield under reclaimed wastewater irrigation in south-eastern Australia : management of salinity, water and nutrient budgets /." Umeå : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/10320999.pdf.

Proust, Katrina Margaret, and kproust@cres10 anu edu au. "Learning from the past for sustainability: towards an integrated approach." The Australian National University. Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, 2004. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20050706.140605.

Currie, Dougal Robert. "Soil physical degradation due to drip irrigation in vineyards: evidence and implications." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/58642.

Proust, Katrina. "Learning from the past for sustainability: towards an integrated approach." Phd thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/48001.

Fraser, David. "Mapping Areas Susceptible to Soil Salinity in the Irrigation Region of Southern New South Wales, Australia." In Remote Sensing of Soil Salinization. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420065039.pt2.

"Northern Territory, and possibly parts of the Pilbara, have been ‘seeded’ with virus which could result in epizootic activity when appropriate environmental conditions occur. Our conclusions could have important health implications as the population in north-western Australia increases through intensive agriculture, mining, service industries and tourism and, in the longer term, through possible effects of climate change (Mackenzie et al. 1993b; Lindsay and Mackenzie 1997). Furthermore, increased virus activity could be exacerbated as new irrigation areas are developed in the Wyndham–East Kimberley shire and the adjacent part of the Northern Territory. Finally, there is little doubt that the profound ecological changes resulting from the establishment of the Ord River irrigation area have provided ideal conditions for increased arboviral activity. These conditions are also suitable for other exotic arboviruses, such as Japanese encephalitis and chikungunya viruses, and exotic mosquito vectors, such as Aedes albopictus. Indeed an unusual strain of MVE has been isolated from the Ord River area, which was believed to have been introduced from the Indonesian archipelago (Mackenzie et al. 1991). Further-more, the recent incursion of Japanese encephalitis virus into islands in the Torres Strait and Cape York, and its possible enzootic presence in the south of Papua New Guinea, provide additional cause for concern. It is therefore essential that monitoring and surveillance of mosquitoes and arboviruses is continued so that exotic virus or vector incursions can be rapidly detected. Acknowledgments We would like to thank our many colleagues who have contributed to these studies of MVE virus activity in the north-west of Western Australia. We would also like to acknowledge the support of the Health Department of Western Australia and the National Health and Medical Research Council, and the Commonwealth Department of Health. References." In Water Resources, 137–39. CRC Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203027851-28.

"from Halls Creek in the East Kimberley region and Derby in West Kimberley in 1960 had demonstrated that subclinical infections with both MVE and Kunjin viruses had occurred in the human population (Stanley and Choo, 1961; 1964), there had been no reported cases of Australian encephalitis in Western Australia or in the Northern Territory. Unfortunately no baseline studies were undertaken on either mosquito densities or virus incidence before the completion of stage one of the irrigation project; indeed no studies were initiated until completion of stage two, the construction of the Ord River dam. While the Ord River irrigation area undoubtedly had enormous and profound effects on the ecology of the region, most of the evidence for increases in mosquito densities and waterbird populations is circumstantial. The climate in the Kimberley and adjacent areas of the Northern Territory comprises a relatively short (four month) monsoonal wet season during which heavy rainfall events occur and the major rivers extend across vast floodplains, and a very dry ‘dry’ season during which most of the country becomes arid and, in the latter half, even large rivers cease to flow. Results from studies at various locations, such as Billiluna and Halls Creek, suggest that MVE virus is occasionally epizootic in many arid areas of the Kimberley. It is probable, therefore, that the area in which the Ord River irrigation area was established was similar and, consequently, that prior to the irrigation scheme being implemented, MVE was also epizootic. Since 1972, our studies in the Ord River irrigation area and elsewhere in the Kimberley region on virus isolations from mosquitoes, on serological investigations of humans, animals and sentinel chickens, and on human cases of Australian encephalitis, have clearly shown that MVE virus is now enzootic in the Ord River area and probably in other foci such as the Derby and Broome areas of the West Kimberley region. Elsewhere, in arid areas of the Kimberley and in the Pilbara, MVE virus is epizootic and virus activity is probably initiated either by virus reactivation from desiccation-resistant mosquito eggs or by introduction through viraemic vertebrate hosts. The situation in the Northern Territory is less clear as insufficient data have been accumulated. However, it is probable that MVE is enzootic in the wetlands in the north of the Northern Territory, but epizootic in the more arid areas further south extending east from the Kimberley border. Since 1978 there has been a substantial increase in the number of cases of Australian encephalitis throughout the Kimberley and Northern Territory that cannot be ascribed to either an increase in population or a heightened awareness among clinicians. Thus, although based largely on circumstantial evidence, we believe that the Ord River Irrigation Area has had a profound effect on MVE virus activity and indeed has resulted in the virus becoming enzootic in the area. We also believe that this large, stable enzootic focus has provided the source for regular epizootic incursions to other areas of the Kimberley and adjacent arid areas of the Northern Territory, and to the Pilbara, and has probably established smaller enzootic foci in the West Kimberley. As virus can persist in desiccation-resistant mosquito eggs, it is probable that most areas of the Kimberley and adjacent areas of the." In Water Resources, 136. CRC Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203027851-27.

"Little was known about MVE virus, its vertebrate hosts or its vectors before the establishment of the Ord River irrigation area. Early serological studies by Stanley and Choo (1961; 1964) on human sera collected in 1960 from Halls Creek in East Kimberley and Derby in West Kimberley had demonstrated that the virus was circulating in these areas. However, no clinical cases of encephalitis had been reported, which may have been due to the small human population in the region prior to 1960, to a lack of awareness by clinicians, to low virus carriage rates in mosquitoes, or to a combination of these factors. Similarly, no cases of encephalitis had been reported in the Northern Territory. The first clinical case of Murray Valley encephalitis (now known as Australian encephalitis) occurred in 1969 (Table 8.1), a fatal case that was acquired by a tourist south of the Ord River irrigation area (Cook et al. 1970). Only limited information was available on the mosquito species prevalent in the Ord River area before 1972, although Culex annulirostris, believed to be the major vector for MVE virus from studies carried out by Doherty and colleagues in north Queensland (Doherty et al. 1963), was found to be present (H. Paterson, personal communication to Stanley 1972), and was the dominant species (H. Paterson, personal communication to Stanley 1975). Thus prior to the completion of stage one of the Ord River irrigation area, serological evidence had been obtained to demonstrate that MVE virus caused subclinical human infections, but no clinical cases had been reported. Between the completion of stage one and stage two, the first clinical case of encephalitis was reported, and limited information on the mosquito fauna was obtained but without details of mosquito numbers or population dynamics. 8.3 Studies on Murray Valley encephalitis from 1972 8.3.1 Early studies, 1972—1976 A series of investigations on the ecology of MVE virus in the Ord River irrigation area and on the effect of the completion of the Ord River dam were initiated by Stanley and colleagues in 1972. The major components comprised: regular mosquito collections obtained just before and immediately after the wet season to determine the number and proportion of each species at different sites, and for isolation of viruses; serological studies of animals and birds to investigate their roles as possible vertebrate or reservoir hosts; and serological studies of the human population, both Caucasian and Aboriginal, to determine subclinical infection rates and to assess potential risks. These studies yielded a number of important findings which have provided the basis for much of our knowledge of MVE ecology in north-western Australia. The major findings were as follows. • Mosquitoes. Using live bait traps to collect mosquitoes, it appeared that there had been a significant increase in mosquito numbers since the construction of the diver-." In Water Resources, 128. CRC Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203027851-21.

"cases, have been from Western Australia, with a further thirteen cases from the Northern Territory. It is also interesting to note that the first confirmed case of encephalitis due to Kunjin virus occurred in Western Australia in 1978, and three additional cases have been diagnosed since, two from Western Australia in 1991 and 1995, and one in Victoria in 1984 (Table 8.1). Most of the cases of Australian encephalitis in Western Australia have occurred in areas distant from the Ord River irrigation area. Of particular significance was the spread of MVE virus from the Kimberley area south to the Pilbara and Gascoyne regions causing one case of encephalitis in 1978 and three cases in 1981. It is hypothesized that movement of virus to the Pilbara region in 1978 was due to an increase in viral activity in the West Kimberley area following heavy rainfall and flooding, and that with subsequent extensive cyclonic rainfall in the Pilbara region, viraemic waterbirds moved south down the narrow coastal strip, introducing the virus into Pilbara (Stanley 1979). It is probable that a similar mechanism may have occurred in 1981. Although there has been evidence (see next section), of MVE virus activity in the Pilbara region in recent years, there have been no further cases. Analysis of the cases of Australian encephalitis has indicated that Aboriginal infants, particularly male infants, are most at risk of fatal or severe disease (Mackenzie et al. 1993a). However, tourists and visitors to the Kimberley region (and Northern Territory) have also been shown to have an increased risk of disease. Sentinel chicken surveillance Following the 1978 outbreak of Australian encephalitis, a number of sentinel chicken flocks were established in the Kimberley area. Six flocks had been established by 1981 and the number rose to twenty-four flocks in twenty-two regional centres in the Kimberley, Pilbara and Gascoyne regions by 1989 (Broom et al. 1989; Mackenzie et al. 1992; 1994c). Each flock contains twelve chickens which are bled at two weekly intervals between November and June, the period of increased risk of virus transmission, and monthly at other times. The sera are then assayed for antibody to MVE and Kunjin viruses in our laboratory in Perth to provide an early warning system of increased virus activity. Initially sera were tested by HI for the presence of antibody, and positive sera were then subjected to neutralization assay to determine the identity of the infecting virus. A more rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was introduced in 1986 (Broom et al. 1987), and more recently a competitive ELISA using specific monoclonal antibodies to identify the virus is being used (Hall et al. 1992; 1995). Sentinel chicken flocks were also established in 1992 in the Northern Territory to monitor MVE activity (Aldred et al. 1992). The sentinel chicken programme has clearly shown that MVE virus is enzootic in several areas of the Kimberley region, particularly in the Ord River area at Kununurra. Seroconversions in sentinel chickens occur every year during the latter half of the wet season." In Water Resources, 131. CRC Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203027851-24.

Jackson, T. M., S. Khan, and M. M. Hafeez. "A framework for evaluating the consumption patterns and environmental impacts of irrigation methods: a case study from South-Eastern Australia." In SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION 2008. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/si080241.

Abuzar, M., D. Whitfield, A. McAllister, G. Lamb, K. Sheffield, and M. O'Connell. "Satellite remote sensing of crop water use in an irrigation area of south-east Australia." In IGARSS 2013 - 2013 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2013.6723525.

He, Suoying, Guanhong Zhang, Yi Xu, and Fengzhong Sun. "The Inlet Air Pre-Cooling of Natural Draft Dry Cooling Towers-Wetted Medium Issue." In ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17 collocated with the ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power-icope2017-3235.