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Journal articles on the topic 'Trichostrongylus colubriformis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Callaghan, M. J., and K. J. Beh. "A middle-repetitive DNA sequence element in the sheep parasitic nematode, Trichostrongylus colubriformis." Parasitology 109, no. 3 (September 1994): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000078379.

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SummaryA novel repetitive DNA sequence in the sheep parasitic nematode Trichostrongylus colubriformis was cloned and sequenced. A l·1 kb repetitive sequence (Tc15) which hybridized with DNA from T. colubriformis but not with DNA from two other parasitic nematodes, Haemonchus contortus and Ostertagia circumcincta, or sheep was further characterized. Southern blot analysis showed that the repeat hybridized to a range of fragments in restriction digested T. colubriformis DNA and existed in multiple copy number tandem arrays. However, to define clearly the repetitive monomeric unit further screening of phagemid libraries containing BamH I restriction fragments using a subclone of Tc15 as a probe was carried out. Restriction map and sequence data were compiled for 3 clones containing a 145 bp highly repetitive sequence (designated TcREP) which shared homology with the original pTc15 clone. TcREP hybridized to a tandemly repeating sequence monomer of 145 bp in T. colubriformis DNA which was cloned from various genetic environments in the T. colubriformis genome. TcREP homologous sequences were also found in the genomes of two other species of the same genus (Trichostrongylus axei and Trichostrongylus vitrinus) but not in a fourth species (Trichostrongylus rugatus).

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2

DASH, K. M. "Multiple anthelmintic resistance in Trichostrongylus colubriformis." Australian Veterinary Journal 63, no. 2 (February 1986): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1986.tb02920.x.

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3

Silva, Diego Silva da, and Gertrud Müller. "Parasitic helminths of the digestive system of wild boars bred in captivity." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 22, no. 3 (September 2013): 433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612013000300020.

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This study aimed to identify the parasites that inhabit the digestive system of Sus scrofa scrofa from a commercial breeding facility in southern Brazil, and reports the first occurrence of Trichostrongylus colubriformis in wild boars. The gastrointestinal tracts of 40 wild boars from a commercial breeding facility were collected and individualized during slaughter in a cold-storage slaughterhouse. Out of this total, 87.5% were parasitized by the helminths Ascaris suum,Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Oesophagostomum dentatum and Trichuris suis. T. colubriformis presented a prevalence of 45%, mean intensity of 28.4 and mean abundance of 12.8. The data from this study showed that T. colubriformis not only has a capacity to develop in the small intestines of wild boars, but also adapts well to animals raised in captivity, thus representing a possible cause of economic loss in commercial wild boar farming.

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4

Maciel, Willian Giquelin, Gustavo Felippelli, Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes, Weslen Fabricio Pires Teixeira, Breno Cayeiro Cruz, Thais Rabelo dos Santos, Carolina Buzzulini, et al. "Fauna helmintológica de ovinos provenientes da microrregião de Jaboticabal, estado de São Paulo, Brasil." Ciência Rural 44, no. 3 (March 2014): 492–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782014000300017.

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Avaliou-se a prevalência e a contagem parasitária das diferentes espécies de helmintos de ovinos provenientes da microrregião de Jaboticabal, região Noroeste de São Paulo. Para tanto, foram utilizados 66 animais naturalmente infectados, de quatro a 36 meses de idade, criados em regime extensivo. Os resultados necroscópicos revelaram a presença de sete gêneros e 12 espécies, com a seguinte prevalência e a média de parasitismo: Haemonchus contortus: 100,0% (2947,2); Trichostrongylus colubriformis: 90,9% (3048,8); Cooperia curticei: 56,0% (256,5); Oesophagostomum columbianum: 48,4% (36,0); Cooperia punctata: 30,3% (94,5); Trichostrongylus axei: 22,7% (26,5); Strongyloides papillosusi: 19,6% (83,0); Haemonchus contortus (L4): 7,5% (17,2); Cooperia pectinatai: 10,6% (12,9); Trichuris ovis: 10,6% (0,6); Cooperia spatulata 4,5% (0,3); Capillaria bovis: 4,5% (0,1). A carga parasitária média foi de 6.524,7 helmintos por animal. Haemonchus contortus (Adultos e L4) e Trichostrongylus colubriformis corresponderam a 45,4% e 46,7% da carga parasitária média total, respectivamente. Pode-se concluir que as duas espécies de helmintos mais abundantes e importantes da microrregião de Jaboticabal/São Paulo foram Trichostrongylus colubriformis e Haemonchus contortus, sendo que essas duas espécies perfizeram 92,1% da distribuição percentual dos helmintos recolhidos de todos os animais. Tais resultados demonstram a importância em se realizar um monitoramento das contagens de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) dos rebanhos desta região, quando o método FAMACHA for empregado em uma determinada propriedade, uma vez que este método de controle, geralmente, não permite diagnosticar os danos/sinais clínicos desencadeados nos animais pelo T. colubriformis, em função de essa espécie não possuir hábito de hematofagismo sobre os hospedeiros.

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5

Jenkins, D. C., E. B. Rapson, and P. Topley. "The aggregation response of Trichostrongylus colubriformis: a basis for the rapid interpretation of in vitro anthelmintic screens." Parasitology 93, no. 3 (December 1986): 531–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000081233.

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SUMMARYAn in vitro anthelmintic primary screen in which the effects of compounds on the aggregation response of newly moulted adult worms of Trichostrongylus colubriformis was monitored is described. Representatives of all the major classes of the anti-trichostrongyle anthelmintics all inhibited worm aggregation completely when present in the culture medium either at or at less than micromolar concentrations. The screen proved highly selective for these broad-spectrum agents, much higher concentrations of the narrower spectrum anthelmintics, active only against blood-sucking nematodes, trematodes and/or cestodes, having little or no effect on this response. This in vitro assay, based solely on the occurrence or absence of worm aggregation following the final moult in culture, proved very easy to interpret rapidly and accurately. It can be recommended therefore for the primary mass screening of synthetic compounds or natural products for intrinsic activity against the trichostrongylid helminths of ruminants.

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6

Hess, Jeannine, Malay Patra, Abdul Jabbar, Vanessa Pierroz, Sandro Konatschnig, Bernhard Spingler, Stefano Ferrari, Robin B. Gasser, and Gilles Gasser. "Assessment of the nematocidal activity of metallocenyl analogues of monepantel." Dalton Transactions 45, no. 44 (2016): 17662–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6dt03376h.

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7

Ostlind, D. A., S. Cifelli, W. G. Mickle, S. K. Smith, D. V. Ewanciw, B. Rafalko, T. Felcetto, and A. Misura. "Evaluation of broad-spectrum anthelmintic activity in a novel assay against Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis and T. sigmodontis in the gerbil Meriones unguiculatus." Journal of Helminthology 80, no. 4 (December 2006): 393–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/joh2006371.

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AbstractThe gerbil Meriones unguiculatus, infected with three species of nematodes, each located in a separate part of the gastrointestinal tract, provided a reliable laboratory assay for the evaluation of broad-spectrum anthelmintic activity. Gerbils harbouring 6-day-old infections of Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis and T. sigmodontis were given selected broad-spectrum anthelmintics by gavage. Three benzimidazoles, thiabendazole, oxfendazole and albendazole, a tetrahydropyrimidine, morantel, an imidazothiazole, levamisole hydrochloride, a macrocyclic lactone, ivermectin and an experimental natural product, paraherquamide, were active against all three nematodes at various dosages. Trichostrongylus colubriformis was most sensitive to levamisole hydrochloride, morantel, thiabendazole and paraherquamide whereas ivermectin, oxfendazole and albendazole were more effective against H. contortus. All compounds were active against the caecal nematode T. sigmodontis although it was less sensitive than T. colubriformis. Haemonchus contortus was more sensitive than T. sigmodontis to all anthelmintics tested except thiabendazole.

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8

Lattes, Stephanie. "Trichostrongylus colubriformis Nematode Infections in Humans, France." Emerging Infectious Diseases 17, no. 7 (July 2011): 1301–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1707.101519.

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9

Ramos, César Itaqui, Valdomiro Bellato, Antonio Pereira de Souza, Volney Silveira de Avila, Guilherme Caldeira Coutinho, and Celso Augustinho Dalagnol. "Epidemiologia das helmintoses gastrintestinais de ovinos no Planalto Catarinense." Ciência Rural 34, no. 6 (December 2004): 1889–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782004000600034.

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Este trabalho foi desenvolvido em três propriedades rurais nos municípios de Lages, São Joaquim e Campos Novos, estado de Santa Catarina, com os objetivos de determinar a prevalência, a intensidade e a variação sazonal de helmintos gastrintestinais e pulmonares em ovinos no Planalto Catarinense. Com base nos resultados aintenção é propor um esquema estratégico de controle. Para isso, foram utilizados mensalmente três cordeiros traçadores por propriedade, os quais, antes de serem conduzidos às mesmas, foram estabulados por 30 dias e executados tratamentos supressivos com anti-helmínticos de diferentes princípios ativos, com exames parasitológicos semanais para verificar a total eliminação de infecção parasitária. A seguir, foram encaminhados às três propriedades onde permaneceram em pastejo por 28 dias, sendo posteriormente recolhidos ao estábulo por mais 20 dias. Após foram sacrificados e realizada a coleta de alíquotas de 10% dos conteúdos do abomaso e intestino delgado, todos os helmintos do intestino grosso e pulmão. As maiores infecções por Haemonchus contortus ocorreram durante o período de outubro a março. O parasitismo por Trichostrongylus axei e Trichostrongylus colubriformis teve índices crescentes ao longo dos anos experimentais, apresentando maior pico de maio a outubro de 1999. Predominaram as espécies, no abomaso: Haemonchus contortus (100%); Trichostrongylus axei (98,7%); Trichostrongylus colubriformis (1,3%); Teladorsagia circumcincta (100%); Ostertagia ostertagi (100%). No intestino delgado: Trichostrongylus colubriformis (100%); Cooperia punctata (69,1%); Cooperia pectinata (18,4%); Cooperia curticei (6,9%); Cooperia oncophora (4,8%); Cooperia spatulata (0,8%) e Nematodirus spathiger (100%). No intestino grosso: Oesophagostomum venulosum (100%) e Trichuris ovis (100%). No pulmão, não foram encontrados parasitos.

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10

Gaglio, G., G. Poglayen, G. Capelli, L. Gruner, L. Mara, S. Giannetto, and A. Scala. "Influence of gastrointestinal trichostrongylidosis on ram fertility." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 13, no. 4 (December 1, 2010): 743–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10181-010-0026-z.

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Influence of gastrointestinal trichostrongylidosis on ram fertility A study on the influence of gastrointestinal trichostrongyles on ram fertility was performed. Two groups of semen donor rams (Sarda breed) were utilized; one was experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Teladorsagia circumcincta and the other was used as a control group. In all animals, coprological, haematological and reproductive parameters were studied. The results suggest that the parasites had a limited effect with some changes in phosphorus, cholesterol and chlorine levels. In our experience the parasitic burden produced no significant change on ram fertility.

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11

Garduño, Roberto González, María Eugenia López Arellano, Pedro Mendoza de Gives, Nadia Florencia Ojeda Robertos, and Alfonso Juventino Chay Canul. "Temporary Immunity of Blackbelly Lambs Reinfected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 44, no. 1 (March 19, 2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.81178.

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Background: Trichostrongylus colubriformis is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in warm climates. In this nematode species, anthelmintic resistance (AR) has been reported, which has motivated the search for alternative methods to control it. One practice is to increase the immune response level through the selection of animals with natural resistance, such as Blackbelly sheep. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of IgA and IgG in serum and saliva and the level of cells involved in the acquired resistance in Blackbelly lambs after single artificial reinfection with a resistant strain of Trichostrongylus colubriformis.Materials, Methods & Results: Sixteen weaned lambs grazed for one month in nematode-contaminated grasslands. All the lambs were treated with Albendazole and Levamisole; later, they were stabled for two months. After that, eight lambs were re-infected with 6000 larvae of T. colubriformis and other eight lambs remained naturally infected. In addition, eight nematode-free lambs raised in cages, served as negative control. Blood samples were taken fortnightly to determine packed cell volume (PCV, %), plasmatic protein (g dL-1), as well as absolute and differential leukocytes. The eggs per gram of feces (EPG) were recorded. An indirect ELISA against T. colubriformis Ag was performed to determine the IgG and IgA levels. All data were analyzed by repeated measures. The EPG in the re-infected group increased after 34 days (625 ± 287), while in the naturally infected group it remained close to 200 ± 158 throughout the study. The control lambs did not show any infection. The PCV (29.4 ± 3.4 %), basophils (44 ± 74), lymphocytes (8443 ± 2845) and monocytes (77 ± 91) counts were not affected by infection. The IgA OD against T. colubriformis increased significantly after 15 days post-infection (dpi) in the re-infected lambs (1.69 ± 0.5, 80% with regards to standard). With IgG was not possible to distinguish the effect of infection.Discussion: Highly persistent infection of T. colubriformis was observed for at least four months in the naturally infected group despite having been treated with anthelmintics. It is a significant problem because this species has a high prevalence in the region of study and shows anthelmintic resistance. For such reason, is important to evaluate the ability of the animal to develop an immune response. In other study, a natural reduction in the fecal egg count (FEC) was indicated at 100 dpi in the same species, but in the present work, the FEC could not be reduced until around 120 days when the naturally infected lambs were evaluated. The larger number of neutrophils and leukocytes in both the naturally infected and re-infected groups implies a sustained response for a long time. While the higher counts of eosinophils only in the re-infected group were produced as an immediate response to infection with T. colubriformis. Similarly, with a single infection of T. colubriformis, in Santa Ines sheep the infected lambs showed significantly higher levels of serum IgA than the control group. In this case, differences in IgA activity were observed between the re-infected lambs and the other groups at fifteen dpi, but the basal levels of IgA in the naturally pre-infected lambs were maintained at least five weeks after infection. In conclusion, an increase in the peripheral immune response in lambs re-infected with T. colubriformis resulted from the increase in IgA levels in serum and saliva, and increase in the number of peripheral eosinophils, total leukocytes and neutrophils. Re-infected lambs had a higher level of IgA than naturally infected lambs and control lambs, making possible to promote the immune response with a single re-infection with Trichostrongylus colubriformis.

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Yu, Feng, L. A. Bruce, R. L. Coop, and J. C. MacRae. "Leucine metabolism across the gastrointestinal tract of sheep infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1998 (1998): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600032141.

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In previous studies where sheep were subjected to experimental subclinical Trichostrongylus colubriformis infections, protein metabolism was seriously impaired during both the initial infection (5-7 weeks at early dosing) and the subsequent immune response (11-13 weeks of dosing) periods (see MacRae, 1993). Symonds and Jones (1983) reported that T. colubriformis infection increased the rates of protein synthesis in the small and large intestines of guinea pigs by 24 and 70% respectively, however there are no equivalent data in farm animals. In the present study trans-organ catheterisation procedures have been coupled with mass isotope tracer kinetics to examine leucine metabolism across the gastrointestinal (g.i.) tract of lambs subjected to subclinical T. colubriformis infection.

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13

Sangster, Nicholas C., Roger K. Prichard, and Ernest Lacey. "Tubulin and Benzimidazole-Resistance in Trichostrongylus colubriformis (Nematoda)." Journal of Parasitology 71, no. 5 (October 1985): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3281438.

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14

Ziam, H., V. S. Pandey, J. Darwiche, B. Losson, and V. Kumar. "Biological parameters of Trichostrongylus colubriformis in Meriones unguiculatus." Veterinary Parasitology 81, no. 4 (March 1999): 309–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4017(98)00255-6.

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15

Cintra, M. C. R., V. N. Teixeira, L. V. Nascimento, R. D. Ollhoff, and C. S. Sotomaior. "Monepantel resistant Trichostrongylus colubriformis in goats in Brazil." Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports 11 (January 2018): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2017.11.005.

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16

Martin, P. J., J. A. McKenzie, and R. A. Stone. "The inheritance of thiabendazole resistance in Trichostrongylus colubriformis." International Journal for Parasitology 18, no. 6 (September 1988): 703–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(88)90109-9.

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17

O'Donnell, I. J., J. K. Dineen, B. M. Wagland, S. Letho, J. A. Werkmeister, and C. W. Ward. "A novel host-protective antigen from Trichostrongylus colubriformis." International Journal for Parasitology 19, no. 3 (May 1989): 327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(89)90144-6.

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18

Giordano, D. J., J. P. Tritschler, and G. C. Coles. "Selection of ivermectin-resistant Trichostrongylus colubriformis in lambs." Veterinary Parasitology 30, no. 2 (December 1988): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(88)90161-6.

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19

Pomroy, W. E., and W. A. G. Charleston. "Development of resistance to Trichostrongylus colubriformis in goats." Veterinary Parasitology 33, no. 3-4 (October 1989): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(89)90137-4.

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20

Langrová, Iva, Miloslav Zouhar, Jaroslav Vadlejch, Marek Borovský, Ivana Jankovská, and Andriy Lytvynets. "Trichostrongylus colubriformis rDNA polymorphism associated with arrested development." Parasitology Research 103, no. 2 (May 2, 2008): 401–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-008-0987-3.

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21

Kuznetsov, D., and N. Kuznetsova. "Sequences of the second internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA for three species of Trichostrongylus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) from sheep in Russia." Helminthologia 44, no. 2 (June 1, 2007): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11687-007-0002-z.

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AbstractFor the first time, DNA sequence data were obtained for three species of Trichostrongylus from Russia. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) of ribosomal DNA was sequenced for T. axei, T. colubriformis and T. probolurus from sheep from the Moscow region. ITS-2 rDNA length was estimated as 238 nucleotides for T. colubriformis and T. probolurus and 237 nucleotides for T. axei. The G+C content of the ITS-2 sequences of T. colubriformis, T. axei and T. probolurus were 31 %, 32 % and 34 % respectively. The level of interspecific differences in ITS-2 of rDNA of T. axei, T. probolurus and T. colubriformis ranged from 3 to 4 %. The ITS-2 sequences from the Russian specimens were compared with those of T. axei, T. probolurus and T. colubriformis from Australia and Germany. Intraspecific variation ranged from 0 % in T. colubriformis to 3.0 % in T. axei.

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22

Pascal, Olounladé Abiodoun, Attakpa Yatchégnon Eloi, Azando Erick Virgile Bertrand, Hounzangbé –. Adoté Mawulé Sylvie, and Hoste Hervé. "Effet In Vivo De Newbouldia laevis (Bignoniaceae) Sur Des Strongles Gastro-Intestinaux Des Moutons." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 12 (April 30, 2017): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n12p335.

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The in vivo evaluation of the effectiveness of pests leaves Newbouldia laevis (Bignoniaceae) was tested on gastrointestinal strongyles of Djallonké infested lambs naturally or artificially with larvae of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. In a controlled environment, the trial involved 15 lambs artificially infected and naturally infected some 14 was treated with the powder of N. laevis (1.6 g / kg BW). The parasitic balance sheet revealed that N. laevis limited larval Trichostrongylus installation colubriformis (P = 0.01), whereas it had no effect on the larvae of H. contortus after artificial infestation. Following natural infection, this plant has limited (P = 0.08) to the population of H. contortus adults was reduced by 55% in abomasum the experimental animals; this reduction is only 19% on the viability of adult worms of T. colubriformis (P> 0.05). However, N. laevis did not affect prolificacy to H. contortus females; but it has reduced by 11% T. colubriformis. Uncontrolled environment in a first trial, 16 animals were treated with 2 doses (3.2 or 4.8 g / kg BW) of dry powdered leaves. In a second test, the fresh leaves of N. laevis were proposed ad libitum consumption three times a week for 45 days. The results show that leaves N. laevis significantly reduced (P <0.05) excretion of gastrointestinal strongyles eggs (80-90%) in Djallonké lambs naturally infected regardless of the dose.

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23

Audebert, F., J. Cassone, D. Kerboeuf, and M. C. Durette-Desset. "Development of Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Trichostrongylus vitrinus, parasites of ruminants in the rabbit and comparison with Trichostrongylus retortaeformis." Parasitology Research 90, no. 1 (January 31, 2003): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-002-0820-3.

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Chung, Wen-Li, Edward J. Parish, and Leon W. Bone. "Sex Steroid Content and Metabolism in Trichostrongylus colubriformis (Nematoda)." Journal of Parasitology 72, no. 2 (April 1986): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3281613.

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25

Warylo, K., and K. Beh. "Identifying differential cDNAS educed from Trichostrongylus colubriformis resistant sheep." Parasitology International 47 (August 1998): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1383-5769(98)81014-3.

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26

Le Jambre, L. F., J. Geoghegan, and M. Lyndal-Murphy. "Characterization of moxidectin resistant Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Haemonchus contortus." Veterinary Parasitology 128, no. 1-2 (March 2005): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.10.019.

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Hunt, K., C. Hong, G. Coles, and T. Jones. "Benzimidazole-resistant Trichostrongylus colubriformis from goats in central England." Veterinary Record 134, no. 16 (April 16, 1994): 420–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.134.16.420.

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Stankiewicz, M., L. W. McMurtry, E. Hadas, D. D. Heath, and P. E. Cowan. "Trichostrongylus Colubriformis,T. vitrinusandT. retortaeformisinfection in New Zealand possums." New Zealand Veterinary Journal 44, no. 5 (October 1996): 201–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00480169.1996.35976.

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29

Bottjer, Kurt P., and Leon W. Bone. "Trichostrongylus colubriformis: Effect of anthelmintics on ingestion and oviposition." International Journal for Parasitology 15, no. 5 (October 1985): 501–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(85)90044-x.

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30

Rahman, Wahab A., and G. H. Collins. "The establishment and development of Trichostrongylus colubriformis in goats." Veterinary Parasitology 35, no. 3 (March 1990): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(90)90054-f.

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Bompadre, Thiago F. V., Carla A. B. Lorigados, Ana Carolina B. C. Fonseca-Pinto, Gabriel Z. Sakita, Adibe L. Abdalla, Mark D. Hanigan, and Helder Louvandini. "Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection negatively impacted phosphorus metabolism of lambs." Small Ruminant Research 202 (September 2021): 106462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106462.

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32

Laurenson, Yan C. S. M., and Lewis P. Kahn. "A mathematical model to predict the risk arising from the pasture infectivity of four nematode species in Australia." Animal Production Science 58, no. 8 (2018): 1504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an17777.

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Gastrointestinal parasites cost the Australian sheep industry AU$436 million annually. Early warning of impending worm risk may reduce this cost by providing producers with sufficient time to implement control strategies. A biophysical model was developed to simulate the on-pasture lifecycle stages of the four predominant nematode species in Australia (Haemonchus contortus, Teladorsagia circumcincta, Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Trichostrongylus vitrinus). The influence of climatic variables (temperature and water availability) on the survival, development and migration of each lifecycle stage was incorporated and parameterised to available point estimates (H. contortus: R2 = 0.88, n = 1409; T. circumcincta: R2 = 0.56, n = 243; T. colubriformis: R2 = 0.61, n = 355; T. vitrinus: R2 = 0.66, n = 147). Constant fecundities (eggs/worm.day) provided the daily quantity of eggs deposited per sheep (H. contortus = 3275; T. circumcincta = 140; T. colubriformis = 300; T. vitrinus = 300). Farm management practices were considered via the specification of stocking rates (sheep/ha), and the administration of anthelmintic treatments (reducing egg deposition by a defined efficacy and duration for each nematode species). Pasture infectivity per nematode species was calculated as the quotient of larvae on herbage and herbage availability (t/ha). Risk was calculated as the product of pasture infectivity and the potential productive impact of each nematode species (H. contortus = 3.9%; T. circumcincta = 9.22%; T. colubriformis = 9.31%; T. vitrinus = 9.31%), and then summed across nematode species. This predictive model has been incorporated into the Sheep CRC’s ‘ASKBILL’ application (www.askbill.com.au, verified 13 April 2018), which uses 90-day weather forecast data (5-km grid resolution) provided by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology.

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Rocha, Raquel Abdallah da, Patrizia Ana Bricarello, Gilberto Pedroso da Rocha, and Alessandro Francisco Talamini do Amarante. "Recovery of Trichostrongylus colubriformis infective larvae from three grass species contaminated in the autumn." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 21, no. 4 (December 2012): 372–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612012000400006.

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This experiment aimed to assess the recovery of infective larvae (L3) of Trichostrongylus colubriformis from Brachiaria decumbens cv. Australiana, Cynodon dactylon cv. Coast-cross and Panicum maximum cv. Aruana. The experimental module comprised six plots, with two plots per herbage species. Larval survival was assessed from autumn to winter, under the effect of two herbage-paring heights (5 and 30 cm). TThe paring was carried out immediately before contamination with faces containing T. colubriformis eggs. The feces and herbage were collected at one, two, four, eight, 12 and 16 weeks after feces had been deposited in the experimental plots. In general, larvae were recovered from both herbage and feces until the 16th week. The longer persistence of these larvae in the environment was probably due to warmer temperatures. The number of L3 recovered from the pasture was not influenced by the height of plants, except for Brachiaria and Aruana herbage in the fourth week. Regarding the concentrations of larvae per kg of dry matter (L3/kg DM), recovery was higher from low pasture in all three herbage species. During the autumn, the development and survival of the T. colubriformis free-living stages were not affected by the different herbage species.

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Bottjer, Kurt P., P. H. Klesius, and Leon W. Bone. "Depressed Feeding by the Nematode Trichostrongylus colubriformis in Inoculated Goats." Journal of Parasitology 72, no. 4 (August 1986): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3281522.

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Ziam, Hocine, and V. S. Pandey. "Duration of Infection of Jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) with Trichostrongylus colubriformis." Journal of Parasitology 86, no. 4 (2000): 893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/0022-3395(2000)086[0893:doiojm]2.0.co;2.

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KERBOEUF, D. "Population dynamics of Trichostrongylus colubriformis in sheep following anthelmintic treatment." Research in Veterinary Science 41, no. 3 (November 1986): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0034-5288(18)30623-4.

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Ziam, Hocine, and V. S. Pandey. "Duration of Infection of Jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) with Trichostrongylus colubriformis." Journal of Parasitology 86, no. 4 (August 2000): 893. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3284993.

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Beh, K. J., M. J. Callaghan, D. J. Hulme, Z. Leish, and K. Dilenno. "A search for genes affecting Trichostrongylus colubriformis resistance in sheep." Parasitology International 47 (August 1998): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1383-5769(98)80249-3.

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Houdijk, Jos G. M., Frank Jackson, and Ilias Kyriazakis. "Nutritional sensitivity of resistance to Trichostrongylus colubriformis in lactating ewes." Veterinary Parasitology 160, no. 3-4 (March 2009): 258–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.11.013.

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BOTTJER, K. P., P. H. KLESIUS, and L. W. BONE. "Effects of host serum on feeding by Trichostrongylus colubriformis (nematoda)." Parasite Immunology 7, no. 1 (January 1985): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3024.1985.tb00474.x.

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Hassanain, MA, MM Abd El aziz, and NM Abou el ezz. "Nematicidal Effect of Bacillus Thuringiensis on Trichostrongylus Colubriformis Infesting Rabbits." Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 44, Suppl 1 (2003): P119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-44-s1-p119.

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Sato, Megumi, Boungnong Boupha, Kazuhiko Moji, Supaporn Nuamtanong, Tiengkham Pongvongsa, Inthava Phimmayoi, Jitra Waikagul, Vilayphone Phanhanan, Tippayarat Yoonuan, and Surapol Sanguankiat. "Human Trichostrongylus colubriformis Infection in a Rural Village in Laos." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 84, no. 1 (January 5, 2011): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0385.

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Adams, D. B., B. H. Anderson, and R. G. Windon. "Cross-immunity between Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis in sheep." International Journal for Parasitology 19, no. 7 (November 1989): 717–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(89)90056-8.

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Martin, P. J., and J. A. McKenzie. "Levamisole resistance in Trichostrongylus colubriformis: A sex-linked recessive character." International Journal for Parasitology 20, no. 7 (November 1990): 867–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(90)90024-h.

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Allan, G. S., and D. A. Wharton. "Anhydrobiosis in the infective juveniles of Trichostrongylus colubriformis (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae)." International Journal for Parasitology 20, no. 2 (April 1990): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(90)90099-9.

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Grant, Warwick N., and Lisa J. Mascord. "Beta-tubulin gene polymorphism and benzimidazole resistance in Trichostrongylus colubriformis." International Journal for Parasitology 26, no. 1 (January 1996): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(95)00092-5.

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Bone, Leon W., Kurt P. Bottjer, and Sarjeet S. Gill. "Trichostrongylus colubriformis: Egg lethality due to Bacillus thuringiensis crystal toxin." Experimental Parasitology 60, no. 3 (December 1985): 314–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-4894(85)90037-2.

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Poppi, D. P., J. C. MacRae, A. C. Brewer, P. J. S. Dewey, and A. Walker. "Calcium and phosphorus absorption in lambs exposed to Trichostrongylus colubriformis." Journal of Comparative Pathology 95, no. 3 (July 1985): 453–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9975(85)90050-7.

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Gration, K. A. F., B. F. Bishop, M. R. Martin-Short, and A. Herbert. "A new anthelmintic ussay using rats infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis." Veterinary Parasitology 42, no. 3-4 (May 1992): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(92)90069-l.

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Ortiz, J., M. R. Ruiz de Ybáñez, M. M. Garijo, M. Goyena, G. Espeso, T. Abáigar, and M. Cano. "Abomasal and small intestinal nematodes from captive gazelles in Spain." Journal of Helminthology 75, no. 4 (December 2001): 363–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x01000567.

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The abomasal and small intestinal helminth fauna of three species of captive gazelles (Gazella dama mhorr, G. cuvieri and G. dorcas neglecta) kept in captivity in Almería (southeast Spain) have been studied, and the following species were identified: Nematodirus spathiger, N. filicollis, N. helvetianus, Camelostrongylus mentulatus, Trichostrongylus vitrinus, T. probolurus, T. colubriformis, Ostertagia ostertagi, O. harrisi, Teladorsagia (Ostertagia) circumcincta, and T. (Ostertagia) davtiani. Camelostrongylus mentulatus and N. spathiger were the most prevalent and abundant parasites. Ostertagia ostertagi, O. harrisi, N. helvetianus, and T. (Ostertagia) davtiani were identified for the first time in the genus Gazella. In addition, O. harrisi and Trichostrongylus probolurus are new records for Spain.

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