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Journal articles on the topic 'Trichloroethane'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2024

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1

Ginstet, P., J. M. Audic, and J. C. Block. "Chlorinated solvents cometabolism by an enriched nitrifying bacterial consortium." Water Supply 1, no. 4 (June 1, 2001): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2001.0072.

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The biodegradability of three of the most frequently halogenated aliphatics (trichloroethene, chloroform and 1.1.1.-trichloroethane) found in drinking water aquifers by a nitrifying enriched mixed biomass was investigated during batch tests. Within this mixed biomass, ammonia oxidisers were the effective degraders. The presence of ammonia stimulated chlorocarbon biodegradation, and the presence of chlorocarbon inhibited ammonia oxidation. This contrasted phenomenon was explained by a balance between electron supply from ammonia necessary to sustain the chlorocarbon oxidation and competitive inhibition for the ammonia monooxygenase active site between both substrates. About 0.03 to 0.2% of the electrons generated by ammonia oxidation were used for chlorocarbon degradation. Trichloroethene and chloroform oxidation induced a biomass inactivation (around 30 to 40 mg of proteins inactivated per μmol of chlorocarbn oxidised). Biomass re-activation due to exergonic ammonia catabolism was estimated to 24±6 mg of proteins reactivated per mmol of ammonia oxidised in both cases. No inactivation of re-activation was observed in the case of 1.1.1-trichloroethane.

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2

Yagi, Osami, Akiko Hashimoto, Kazuhiro Iwasaki, and Mutsuyasu Nakajima. "Aerobic Degradation of 1,1,1-Trichloroethane byMycobacterium spp. Isolated from Soil." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 10 (October 1, 1999): 4693–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.10.4693-4696.1999.

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ABSTRACT Two strains of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA)-degrading bacteria, TA5 and TA27, were isolated from soil and identified asMycobacterium spp. Strains TA5 and TA27 could degrade 25 and 75 mg · liter of TCA−1 cometabolically in the presence of ethane as a carbon source, respectively. The compound 2,2,2-trichloroethanol was produced as a metabolite of the degradation process.

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3

Dürk, H., J. L. Poyer, C. Klessen, and H. Frank. "Acetylene, a mammalian metabolite of 1,1,1-trichloroethane." Biochemical Journal 286, no. 2 (September 1, 1992): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2860353.

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1,1,1-Trichloroethane (TCE) is a widely used industrial solvent of low acute toxicity. It is slowly oxidized to trichloroethanol and trichloroacetic acid by cytochrome P-450-dependent mono-oxygenases. Increased inhalative uptake by rats under hypoxia and spin-trapping experiments indicate that TCE is also reductively metabolized to a radical intermediate. Acetylene is formed as a metabolite, suggesting transfer of an additional electron to form the corresponding carbene. Hypoxia and induction of mixed-function mono-oxygenases accelerate the formation of acetylene. Experiments performed in vitro with rat liver microsomal fractions yield analogous results.

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4

Graber, E. R., A. Sorek, L. Tsechansky, and N. Atzmon. "Competitive Uptake of Trichloroethene and 1,1,1-Trichloroethane byEucalyptus camaldulensisSeedlings and Wood." Environmental Science & Technology 41, no. 19 (October 2007): 6704–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es070743l.

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5

Dietmann, Karen Maria, Tobias Linke, Miguel del Nogal Sánchez, José Luis Pérez Pavón, and Vicente Rives. "Layered Double Hydroxides with Intercalated Permanganate and Peroxydisulphate Anions for Oxidative Removal of Chlorinated Organic Solvents Contaminated Water." Minerals 10, no. 5 (May 20, 2020): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10050462.

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The contamination by chlorinated organic solvents is a worldwide problem as they can deeply penetrate aquifers, accumulating in the sub-surface as lenses of highly hazardous pollutants. In recent years, so called in situ oxidation processes have been developed to remediate chlorinated organic solvents from groundwater and soil by injecting solutions of oxidising agents such as permanganate or peroxydisulphate. We here present modified layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with intercalated oxidising agents that might serve as new reactants for these remediation strategies. LDHs might serve as support and stabiliser materials for selected oxidising agents during injection, as the uncontrolled reaction and consumption might be inhibited, and guarantee that the selected oxidants persist in the subsurface after injection. In this study, LDHs with hydrotalcite- and hydrocalumite-like structures intercalated with permanganate and peroxydisulphate anions were synthesised and their efficiency was tested in batch experiments using trichloroethene or 1,1,2-trichloroethane as the target contaminants. All samples were characterised using powder X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis coupled with mass spectrometry to directly analyse evolving gases, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Additionally, particle size distribution measurements were carried out on the synthesised materials. Results of the batch experiments confirmed the hypothesis that oxidising agents keep their properties after intercalation. Permanganate intercalated LDHs proved to be most efficient at degrading trichloroethene while peroxydisulphate intercalated Ca,Al-LDHs were the most promising studied reactants degrading 1,1,2-trichloroethane. The detection of dichloroethene as well as the transformation of the studied reactants into new LDH phases confirmed the successful degradation of the target contaminant by oxidation processes generated from the intercalated oxidising agent.

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6

Iordache, Mihaela, Luisa Roxana Popescu, Luoana Florentina Pascu, Ioan Iordache, and Adriana Marinoiu. "Ultrasonic Irradiation a Chlorinated Organic Compounds (Trichloroethylene, Tetrachloroethene, 1, 1, 2-Trichloroethane) from Water." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 5 (June 15, 2017): 1019–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.5.5602.

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The paper describe the sonochemical degradation of organochlorine compounds (Trichloroethylene, Tetrachloroethene and 1, 1, 2-Trichloroethane) from aqueous solutions. The experiments was realized with two types of equipment: ultrasound bath UCD-150 and sonotrode UP 200 Ht. The experimental results showed high efficient removal for all three compounds: Tetrachloroethene 93.8%, 1, 1, 2-Trichloroethane 92.9% and Trichloroethylene 86.6% in bath ultrasound treatment after 50 min. The ultrasound efficiency treatment depend by the sonotronde diameter. The degradation of Trichlorethylene and 1, 1, 2 -Trichloroethane is much better for sonotrode with 14 mm diameter (92.1% respectively 92.7%) than for sonotrode with 40 mm diameter (71.9% and 61.6%), while for Tetrachloroethene values were very close, 88.7% respectively 89.4% for the same above mentioned diameters.

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7

Luttrell, William E. "Toxic tips: 1,1,1-Trichloroethane." Chemical Health and Safety 9, no. 5 (September 2002): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1074-9098(02)00366-0.

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8

Broholm, Kim, Bjørn K. Jensen, Thomas H. Christensen, and Lajla Olsen. "Toxicity of 1,1,1-Trichloroethane and Trichloroethene on a Mixed Culture of Methane-Oxidizing Bacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 56, no. 8 (1990): 2488–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.56.8.2488-2493.1990.

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9

Zenke, Michael W., and Karl Hensen. "Thermodynamische Untersuchungen der Systeme Pyridin/CH3SiCl3 und Pyridin/Cl3CCH3 / Thermodynamic Examinations of the Systems Pyridine/CH3SiCl3 and Pyridine/Cl3CCH3." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 48, no. 8 (August 1, 1993): 1127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1993-0815.

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The isobaric melting and boiling diagrams for the systems: pyridine/methyltrichlorosilane and pyridine/1,1,1-trichloroethane are reproduced. The existence of the congruently melting addition compound CH3SiCl3· (Pyridin)2 could be confirmed. Some measurements of the molar volume of mixtures between pyridine and methyltrichlorosilane and pyridine and 1,1,1-trichloroethane, respectively, are reported. For both systems the molar excess volume and for the system pyridine/methyltrichlorosilane the molar excess enthalpie have been calculated as a function of the mole fractions.

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10

Milde, G., M. Nerger, and R. Mergler. "Biological Degradation of Volatile Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Groundwater." Water Science and Technology 20, no. 3 (March 1, 1988): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0083.

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Chlorinated organic solvents - such as tetrachloroethene, trichloroethene and 1.1.1-trichloroethane - are the most frequently used compounds e.g. for degreasing in all branches of industries. Due to their widespread use, their large consumption quantities (Fed.Rep.of Germ. 180 × 103 t/a) and their physical properties, these organic solvents are the most important point-source of groundwater contamination. A serious case of soil, soil air and groundwater contamination by these organic solvents (maximum concentrations detected were 500 mg/kg, 7g/m3, 50 mg/l respectively) is reported, caused by the metal industry, rendering plant and paper production. A special effect is the comparatively rapid degradation sequence of tetrachloroethene to trichloroethene to cis-1,2-dichloroethene and to vinyl chloride. Concentrations of cis-1,2-dichloroethene observed in groundwater were up to 1600 µg/l and of vinyl chloride up to 120 µg/l, respectively, although none of these substances were primary pollutants in the investigated area. Results of laboratory tests give rise to the suggestion that degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons in contaminated areas is mainly by microbiological means. This effect is of special hygienic relevance, due to the fact that one of the metabolites, vinyl chloride, is known to be a human carcinogen and the polluted area (approx. 4 km2) is located in a catchment area of a waterworks.

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11

Prystupa, D. A., A. Anderson, and B. H. Torrie. "Raman and far-infrared study of crystalline 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,1-trichloroethane-d3." Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 20, no. 9 (September 1989): 587–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1250200907.

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12

Guzov, E. A., and V. N. Kazin. "Routes of conversion of 2,2-di-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane into 4,4′-dinitrobenzophenone by reaction with nitrite ion: quantum chemical approach." Журнал общей химии 93, no. 11 (December 15, 2023): 1690–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044460x23110069.

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Quantum chemical calculations of the transformation of 2,2-di(nitrophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane into 4,4′-dinitrobenzophenone upon reaction with nitrite ion in aprotic polar solvents were performed. It was established that the dehydrochlorination reaction of 2,2-di(nitrophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane proceeds via a synchronous E2H mechanism. A possible scheme for the subsequent formation of 4,4′-dinitrobenzophenone was proposed. For each stage of a multistage process, spatial structures were modeled and the energy parameters of pre-reaction, activated and post-reaction complexes were calculated.

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13

Chung, Jinwook, and Bruce E. Rittmann. "Simultaneous bio-reduction of trichloroethene, trichloroethane, and chloroform using a hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 3 (August 1, 2008): 495–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.432.

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The contamination of water by chlorinated solvents is recognized as a serious and widespread problem throughout the industrialized world. Here, we focus on three chlorinated solvents that are among those most commonly detected and that have distinct chemical features: trichloroethene (TCE), trichloroethane (TCA), and chloroform (CF). Because many contaminated waters contain mixtures of the chlorinated solvents, a treatment technology that detoxifies all of them simultaneously is highly desirable. The membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) is a recent technological advance that makes it possible to deliver H2 gas to bacteria efficiently and safely, despite hydrogen's low water solubility and risk of forming a combustible atmosphere when mixed with air. The objectives of this work are to document whether or not the three chlorinated compounds can be dechlorinated simultaneously in a H2-based MBfR and to determine if competitive or inhibitory interactions affect bio-reduction of any of the solvents. The main finding is a demonstration that directly using H2 as the electron donor makes it possible to bio-reduce combinations of different chlorinated solvents. This finding supports that the H2-based MBfR can treat multiple chlorinated solvents in one step, addressing a common groundwater situation. We saw possible evidence of inhibition by CF at a concentration greater than about 1 μM, competition for H2 from sulfate and nitrate reductions, and possible inhibition of TCE reduction from the accumulation of chloroethane (CA) or chloromethane (CM).

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14

Fowler, Joseph F. "Contact Urticaria to 1,1,1-Trichloroethane." American Journal of Contact Dermatitis 2, no. 4 (December 1991): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01634989-199112000-00007.

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15

Sun, B., B. M. Griffin, H. L. Ayala-del-Rio, S. A. Hashsham, and J. M. Tiedje. "Microbial Dehalorespiration with 1,1,1-Trichloroethane." Science 298, no. 5595 (November 1, 2002): 1023–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1074675.

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16

Fowler, Joseph F. "Contact Urticaria to 1,1,1-Trichloroethane." Dermatitis 2, no. 4 (December 1991): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01206501-199112000-00007.

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17

Bujak, Maciej, Marcin Podsiadło, and Andrzej Katrusiak. "Crystalline gas of 1,1,1-trichloroethane." CrystEngComm 13, no. 2 (2011): 396–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0ce00493f.

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18

Winek, Charles L., Wagdy W. Wahba, Robert Huston, and Leon Rozin. "Fatal inhalation of 1,1,1-trichloroethane." Forensic Science International 87, no. 2 (June 1997): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0379-0738(97)00040-6.

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19

Milchert, Eugeniusz, Waldemar Pazdzioch, and Jerzy Myszkowski. "Dehydrochlorination of Waste 1,1,2-Trichloroethane." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 34, no. 6 (June 1995): 2138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00045a025.

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20

REISCH, MARC. "Consumer boycott of trichloroethane urged." Chemical & Engineering News 68, no. 26 (June 25, 1990): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v068n026.p006.

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21

Verschuuren, Harry G., and Jan W. Wilmer. "Neurotoxicity of 1,1,1-trichloroethane questioned." Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 16, no. 2 (April 1990): 144–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.1805.

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22

Iijima, Takao, and Ryu-Ichiro Wada. "Molecular structure of 1,1,1-trichloroethane." Journal of Molecular Structure 221 (April 1990): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2860(90)80386-x.

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23

Guzelian, Philip S. "1,1,1-Trichloroethane and the Liver." Archives of Internal Medicine 151, no. 11 (November 1, 1991): 2321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1991.00400110145035.

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24

Guzelian, P. S. "1,1,1-trichloroethane and the liver." Archives of Internal Medicine 151, no. 11 (November 1, 1991): 2321–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.151.11.2321.

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25

Boman, A., G. Hagelthorn, and K. Magnusson. "Percutaneous absorption of organic solvents during intermittent exposure in guinea pigs." Acta Dermato-Venereologica 75, no. 2 (March 1, 1995): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/0001555575114119.

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Skin absorption under intermittent exposure of guinea pigs to n-butanol, toluene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane was studied. Groups of guinea pigs were exposed to test organic solvents for 1 min at 30-min intervals during 4 h, in all 8 exposures. Skin absorption of solvent was assessed by following the concentration of solvent in the blood. This intermittent exposure was compared to continuous exposure over 4 h. Absorption of toluene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane was low, but a considerable amount of butanol was absorbed through the skin on intermittent exposure. A typical serrated absorption profile was seen for butanol that was less pronounced for toluene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane. The absorption of butanol was highest at the end of the exposure period. The differences in absorption profiles may be due to the differences in vapour pressure in the solvents in association with the animal method used. The amount absorbed varied inversely with vapour pressure. Hair stubble may act as a trap for solvents with low vapour pressure. Adequate ventilation reduces unoccluded skin absorption of volatile organic solvents.

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26

Ranson, D. L., and P. J. Berry. "Death Associated with the Abuse of Typewriter Correction Fluid." Medicine, Science and the Law 26, no. 4 (October 1986): 308–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580248602600412.

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A case is reported of a 13-year-old boy who died suddenly during physical exercise. Post-mortem examination showed no macroscopic or histological abnormalities and it was only later that he was discovered to be a regular solvent abuser of typewriter correcting fluid containing the solvent 111 Trichloroethane. Typewriter correcting fluid is a relatively unusual substance for solvent abuse, and this case demonstrates the wide range of products which are inhaled by children. The implications of the abuse of 111 Trichloroethane are discussed, with particular reference to the possible mode of death in such cases.

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27

Gao, Yanbin, and Jiadan Liu. "Effects of Nonaqueous Phase Liquids Pollution on the Permeability and Microstructure of In-Filed and Laboratory Soaked Contaminated Clay Soils." Geofluids 2022 (February 22, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2767350.

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The fact that the permeability and microstructure properties of clay will be changed by NAPL (Nonaqueous Phase Liquids) pollution draws high attention in the study of the interaction between NAPL and contaminated soil. Through in-field contaminated clay soils from vinyl chloride and 1, 1, 2-trichloroethane-contaminated site in Shanghai, the variation of the content of vinyl chloride and 1, 1, 2-trichloroethane pollutants in clay with depth was obtained. The change of plasticity, permeability, and microstructure properties of the clay samples contaminated by vinyl chloride and 1, 1, 2-trichloroethane were investigated in detail. The measured test results were compared with the uncontaminated clay and indoor soaked contaminated clay samples by TCE (Trichloroethylene). The test results showed that the microstructure characteristics of clay were changed under the influence of the content of TCE, vinyl chloride, and 1, 1, 2-trichloroethane. The total porosity, accumulative pore volume, and the content of the macroporosity percentage of clay soils showed an increasing trend. The flocculation structure of contaminated clay samples was observed, but there were no overhead pores and connected cracks. Volatile organic pollutants were detected in both field and indoor contaminated clay samples. The plastic limit and liquid limit of each layer of contaminated samples decreased slightly, the plastic index did not change significantly, and the pore ratio and permeability coefficient increased gently. At the same time, the clay shrinkage was aggravated by TCE pollution, and cracks appeared on the surface of soil samples. However, no connected cracks were formed. Test results indicated that the self-developed improved permeability test device can be used to test the permeability coefficient of clay samples with shrinkage and to crack by NAPL pollution. The permeability coefficient showed an increasing trend, though the increase was not at the level of magnitude.

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28

Tian, Cong, Chunshan Lu, Bolin Wang, Xiangzhou Xie, Yangsen Miao, and Xiaonian Li. "Mesoporous carbon nitride as a basic catalyst in dehydrochlorination of 1,1,2-trichloroethane into 1,1-dichloroethene." RSC Advances 5, no. 126 (2015): 103829–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra22214a.

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29

Story, David L., Earl F. Meierhenry, Charles A. Tyson, and Harry A. Milman. "Differences in Rat Liver Enzyme-Altered Foci Produced By Chlorinated Aliphatics and Phenobarbital." Toxicology and Industrial Health 2, no. 4 (October 1986): 351–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823378600200402.

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Nine chlorinated aliphatics (CAs)—1,1-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloro ethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, trichloro ethylene, tetrachloroethylene, 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane, 1,1,2,2- tetrachloroethane, and hexachloroethane—were examined in a rat liver foci assay for evidence of initiating and promoting potential. Young adult male Osborne-Mendel rats (ten/group) were given partial hepa tectomies, followed 24 hr later by a single i.p. dose of either diethyl nitrosamine (30 mg/kg body weight) or CA, 1 wk later either a diet containing 0.05% (w/w) phenobarbital or daily oral gavage (5 × /wk) of CA in corn oil for 7 weeks, and sacrificed 1 wk later. Putative preneo plastic markers monitored were foci with increased γ-glutamyltrans peptidase activity [GGT( + )]. CAs were without significant effect in the initiation protocol at the maximum tolerated dose. In the promotion protocol, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, tetrachloro ethylene, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and hexachloroethane induced significant increases in GGT( + ) foci above control levels. Two variants of GGT( + ) foci were distinguishable, one associated predominantly with phenobarbital promotion, resembling preneoplastic foci in other models, and the other associated with CA promotion, which was less intensely stained and exhibited branching, resemblingfoci undergoing redifferentiation. The marked differences in response may relate to differences in cytotoxic potential or mechanism of action of the two types of agents.

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30

TAKAHARA, Kazuo. "Experimental study on toxicity of trichloroethane." Okayama Igakkai Zasshi (Journal of Okayama Medical Association) 98, no. 11-12 (1986): 1091–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.98.11-12_1091.

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31

KIM, Jong Guk, Noriyuki SUZUKI, and Junko NAKANISHI. "Biodegradation of 1,1,1-Trichloroethane in Soils." Journal of Environmental Chemistry 5, no. 1 (1995): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5985/jec.5.31.

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32

D'Costa, D. F., and N. P. R. Gunasekera. "Fatal Cerebral Oedema following Trichloroethane Abuse." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 83, no. 8 (August 1990): 533–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107689008300823.

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33

Kelafant, Geoffrey A., Richard A. Berg, and Randal Schleenbaker. "Toxic Encephalopathy Due to 1,1,1-Trichloroethane." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 35, no. 6 (June 1993): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043764-199306000-00005.

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34

Toy, M. S., M. K. Carter, and T. O. Passell. "Photosonochemical decomposition of aqueous 1,1,1 ‐ trichloroethane." Environmental Technology 11, no. 9 (September 1990): 837–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593339009384931.

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35

Brunet, S., C. Batiot, J. Barrault, and M. Blanchard. "Liquid-phase fluorination of 1,1,1-trichloroethane." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 59, no. 1 (October 1992): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1139(00)80201-8.

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36

Martin, Carlos A., and Gustavo A. Monti. "Specific heat analysis is 1,1,1-trichloroethane." Thermochimica Acta 134 (October 1988): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(88)85212-2.

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37

Chung, Gui-Yung, and Robert W. Carr. "228.8 nm Photolysis of 1,1,1-trichloroethane." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 48, no. 2-3 (August 1989): 199–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1010-6030(89)87002-9.

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38

Ogura, Hiroo. "CO2Laser-induced Decomposition of 1,1,2-Trichloroethane." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 58, no. 12 (December 1985): 3528–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.58.3528.

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39

Smith, Graham. "2,2-Bis(4-butoxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 68, no. 8 (July 25, 2012): o2544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536812032680.

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In the structure of the title compound, C22H27Cl3O2, which is the 4-butoxyphenyl analogue of the insecticidally active 4-methoxyphenyl compound methoxychlor, the dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 79.61 (11)°. Present also in the structure is an intramolecular aromatic C—H...Cl interaction.

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40

Thomson, Murray J., Brian S. Higgins, Donald Lucas, Catherine P. Koshland, and Robert F. Sawyer. "Phosgene formation from 1,1,1-trichloroethane oxidation." Combustion and Flame 98, no. 4 (September 1994): 350–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(94)90174-0.

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41

Hodgson, Michael J. "1,1,1-Trichloroethane and the Liver-Reply." Archives of Internal Medicine 151, no. 11 (November 1, 1991): 2322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1991.00400110145036.

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42

Malhotra, R., and L. A. Woolf. "Volumetric properties under pressure for 1-fluoro-1,2,2-trichloroethane (R131) and 1,1-difluoro-1,2,2-trichloroethane (R122)." International Journal of Thermophysics 18, no. 1 (January 1997): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02575200.

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43

Myszkowski, Jerzy, Eugeniusz Milchert, Marcin Bartkowiak, and Robert Pełech. "Utilization of waste chloroorganic compounds." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 12, no. 3 (January 1, 2010): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-010-0031-0.

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Utilization of waste chloroorganic compounds Efficient methods of utilization of waste chloroorganic compounds coming from waste water and the waste streams formed e.g. in the production of vinyl chloride by dichloroethane method and in the production of propylene oxide by chlorohydrin method have been presented. First the separation of chloroorganic wastes by the adsorption methods has been described in the article. Three valuable methods of chlorocompounds utilization have been then discussed. The first one is isomerization of 1,1,2-trichloroethane to 1,1,1-trichloroethane as the valuable product with less toxicity than a substrate. The second method is ammonolysis of waste 1,2-dichloropropane and 1,2,3-trichloropropane. The third described method is chlorolysis. This method can be used for the utilization of all types of waste chloroorganics.

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Skocypec, R. D., and R. E. Hogan. "Investigation of a Direct Catalytic Absorption Reactor for Hazardous Waste Destruction." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 116, no. 1 (February 1, 1994): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930058.

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Direct Catalytic Absorption Reactors (DCARs) use a porous solid matrix to volumetrically absorb solar energy. This energy is used to promote heterogeneous chemistry on the catalytic surface of the absorber with fluid-phase reactant species. Experimental efforts at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) are using a DCAR to destroy hazardous chemical waste. A numerical model, previously developed to analyze solar volumetric air-heating receivers and methane-reforming reactors, is extended in this work to include the destruction of a chlorinated hydrocarbon chemical waste, 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA). The model includes solar and infrared radiation, heterogeneous chemistry, conduction in the solid absorber, and convection between the fluid and solid absorber. The predicted thermal and chemical conditions for typical operating conditions at the SNL solar furnace suggest that TCA can be destroyed in a DCAR. The temperature predictions agree well with currently available thermocouple data for heating carbon dioxide gas in the DCAR. Feasibility and scoping calculations show trichloroethane destruction efficiencies up to 99.9997 percent at a trichloroethane flow rate of 1.7 kg/hr may be obtainable with typical SNL solar furnace fluxes. Greater destruction efficiencies and greater destruction rates should be possible with higher solar fluxes. Improvements in reactor performance can be achieved by tailoring the absorber to alter the radial mass flux distribution in the absorber with the radial solar flux distribution.

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45

Kodali, Jagadeesh, Srinivas Pavuluri, Balasubramanian Arunraj, A. Santhana Krishna Kumar, and N. Rajesh. "Tapping the potential of a glucosamine polysaccharide-diatomaceous earth hybrid adsorbent in the solid phase extraction of a persistent organic pollutant and toxic pesticide 4,4′-DDT from water." RSC Advances 12, no. 9 (2022): 5489–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra07868b.

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A chitosan (a glucosamine polysaccharide)-diatomaceous earth hybrid was studied for the adsorption of 4,4′-dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (4,4′-DDT), a persistent organic pollutant and organochlorine pesticide compound from water.

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Michl, Thomas D., Bryan R. Coad, Michael Doran, Amanda Hüsler, Jules D. P. Valentin, Krasimir Vasilev, and Hans J. Griesser. "Plasma polymerization of 1,1,1-trichloroethane yields a coating with robust antibacterial surface properties." RSC Adv. 4, no. 52 (2014): 27604–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra01892c.

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Novel, highly chlorinated surface coatings were produced via a one-step plasma polymerization (pp) of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCE), exhibiting excellent antimicrobial properties against the vigorously biofilm-forming bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis.

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47

Charbonneau, Michel, Erminio Greselin, Jules Brodeur, and Gabriel L. Plaa. "Influence of acetone on the severity of the liver injury induced by haloalkane mixtures." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 69, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 1901–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y91-281.

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Acetone potentiation of haloalkane-induced liver injury is a well-known phenomenon. Acetone-treated rats challenged with a trichloroethylene–CCl4 mixture exhibit a more severe liver injury than that predicted by the addition of the single potentiating effects of each. The purpose of the present study was to determine if acetone exerted similar interactions with other haloalkane mixtures. The testing protocol used was designed and performed to allow categorization of interactions occurring among two or three agents. Rats were treated (p.o.) with corn oil or acetone (10.2 mmol/kg) and were administered (i.p.) 18 h later 1,1-dichloroethylene (0.6 mmol/kg), trichloroethylene (5.6 mmol/kg), tetrachloroethylene (19.6 mmol/kg), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (10.0 mmol/kg), 1,1,2-trichloroethane (1.1 mmol/kg), 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (1.0 mmol/kg), CHCl3 (6.2 mmol/kg), CCl4 (1.0 mmol/kg), or a mixture of two haloalkanes (all 28 combinations were tested). Liver injury was assessed 24 h later using plasma alanine aminotransferase activity and a quantitative histological evaluation. In corn oil pretreated rats, the hepatotoxic responses observed for the 28 mixtures were additive for 26 of 28 mixtures and supra-additive for 2 of 28, whereas in acetone-pretreated rats the responses observed were additive for 17 of 28, infra-additive for 10 of 28, and supra-additive for 1 of 28. Mixtures containing 1,1,1-trichloroethane or tetrachloroethylene resulted only in no change in toxicity or infra-additivity. Increased toxic responses (additivity and supra-additivity) were observed with certain binary mixtures containing CCl4, CHCl3, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, or 1,1-dichloroethylene. Tetrachloroethylene yielded infra-additive responses when combined in a binary mixture with other haloalkanes, CCl4 in particular. The effect exerted by acetone on the liver injury induced by haloalkane mixtures appears to be predictable on the basis of the particular haloalkanes present in the mixture. Halogenated methanes, chemicals with minimal use in the industrial workplace, showed the greatest potential for additive and supra-additive interactions with other haloalkanes. The approach described is a useful method for examining the potential toxicity of mixtures.Key words: acetone, haloalkanes, liver injury, mixtures, interactions.

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Varushchenko, R. M., A. I. Druzhinina, and M. V. Korshunova. "Low-temperature heat capacities and thermodynamic properties of 1,1-difluoro-1,2,2-trichloroethane and 1,2-difluoro-1,1,2-trichloroethane." Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 29, no. 10 (October 1997): 1059–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcht.1997.0223.

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YASUKAWA, Saburo, Morihiro YASUDA, Masakazu ISHII, Hisataka NISHIMURA, and Isao KIMURA. "Dessolution velocity of aluminum in 1,1,1-trichloroethane." Journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 40, no. 7 (1989): 845–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.40.845.

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TSUNODA, Teruo. "Alternative Technologies to CFCs and Trichloroethane Cleaning." Journal of Japan Oil Chemists' Society 43, no. 4 (1994): 298–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/jos1956.43.298.

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