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Journal articles on the topic 'Tribunal reform'
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1
Richardson, Barbara. "Employment tribunal reform." Nursing and Residential Care 4, no. 12 (December 2002): 592–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/nrec.2002.4.12.10882.
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Wood, Sir John. "Reform of the Mental Health Act 1983." British Journal of Psychiatry 162, no. 1 (January 1993): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.162.1.14.
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The title of this paper should not be taken to imply that the Mental Health Act tribunal system is not currently effective. There has been little serious criticism of the work of the tribunals, and they appear to have become accepted as a permanent aspect of the detention of patients. Some doctors appear to regard them as an irritation that distracts from the care of patients, and civil liberties pressure groups tend to question their real effectiveness. Careful, detailed studies have also tended to be critical, pointing out many defects that require attention. Peay (1989) has done some impressive research into the work of tribunals which must form the basis of any future reform. Cavidino (1989) has done a much wider study, but underpinned by a ‘theory’ which detracts from its value for tribunal members, and its treatment of tribunals is peripheral, and therefore superficial.
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Constantinesco, Vlad. "La reforma del Tribunal General de la Unión Europea." Teoría y Realidad Constitucional, no. 39 (January 1, 2017): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/trc.39.2017.19169.
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La reciente reforma del Tribunal General de la Unión Europea por parte del Reglamento 2015/2422 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo del 16 de noviembre de 2015 es digna de especial atención. Es susceptible de ser criticada desde diversos puntos de vista: al menos por la manera en la cual se condujo la reforma, su coste financiero, y finalmente la impresión que la reforma no llegara verdaderamente a alcanzar sus objetivos. Este artículo explica el alcance de la reforma y las diferentes críticas que cabe realizar a la misma.The recent reform of the General Court of the European Union by the 2015 regulation / 2422 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 November 2015 is worthy of special attention. It is likely to be criticized from various points of view: at least for the way in which led reform, financial cost, and finally the impression that reform did not come truly to achieve their goals. This article explains the scope of reform and various criticisms that can be performed to it.
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Tenorio Sánchez, Pedro Julio. "¿Qué fue del recurso de amparo ante el Tribunal Constitucional? // What has happen with amparo appeal before the Constitutional Court?" Revista de Derecho Político 1, no. 101 (April 28, 2018): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rdp.101.2018.21976.
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Resumen:El trabajo estudia la evolución y situación actual del recurso de amparo ante el Tribunal Constitucional. Parte de la base de que la cuestión consiste en analizar la aplicación y resultados de la reforma de la Ley Orgánica del Tribunal Constitucional que se realizó en 2007. La reforma se aplicó con algún titubeo inicialmente por parte del Tribunal Constitucional pero finalmente se ha llevado hasta las últimas consecuencias. Esto ha producido un resultado positivo, pues el Tribunal Constitucional está prácticamente al día, muy lejos de la situación de inviabilidad que se dibujaba cuando se concibió la reforma, es decir, en torno al año 2006. Pero la reforma sigue siendo criticada por haber disminuido las garantías del justiciable. Sin embargo, los datos que ofrece en sus Memorias el Tribunal Constitucional permiten constatar que la inmensa mayoría de los recursos se inadmiten por defectuoso planteamiento.El trabajo propone como mejoras el establecimiento de salas de amparo en los Tribunales Superiores de Justicia y en el Tribunal Supremo y el rigor en la exigencia de la invocación del derecho fundamental tan pronto como es vulnerado. Además, considera aconsejable que los abogados no se limiten a la invocación genérica del derecho fundamental, sino que expongan ante la jurisdicción ordinaria el embrión del posible recurso de amparo.Abstract:The article studies the evolution and the current situation of the amparo appeal before the Constitutional Court. The question is to analyze the application and results of the reform of the Constitutional Court Organization Act that was held in 2007. The reform was applied with some hesitation initially by the Constitutional Court but finally has been carried to the last consequences. This has produced a positive result, because the Constitutional Court is practically up to date, very far from the situation of unfeasibility that was drawn when the reform was conceived, that is to say, around the year 2006. But the reform continues being criticized for having diminished the guarantees of the defendant. However, the data that the Constitutional Court offers in its reports allow us to confirm that the vast majority of the appeals are inadmissible due to a defectiveapproach.The work proposes as improvements the establishment of amparo chambers in the Superior Courts of Justice and in the Supreme Court and the rigor in demanding the invocation of the fundamental right as soon as it is violated. In addition, it considers advisable that the lawyers expose before the ordinary jurisdiction the embryo of the possible resource of amparo. Summary:1. Introduction; 2. First period in the interpretation of the reform of 2007: from the promulgation of the law to the ECHR Judgment "Arribas Antón"; 3. Second period in the application of the reform of 2007: from the ECHR Judgment "Arribas Antón" to the present time; 4. Balance of the application of the reform of 2007 ten years after its promulgation; 5. Deception of the justiciables; 6. Possible improvements.
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Thomas, Robert. "Evaluating tribunal adjudication: administrative justice and asylum appeals." Legal Studies 25, no. 3 (September 2005): 462–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.2005.tb00679.x.
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This article examines the development, operation and reform of the tribunal system responsible for determining appeals against the refusal of refugee status by the Home Office. Consideration of this particular appellate system is situated within a broader discussion of the criteria and values against which tribunal adjudication systems may be evaluated, By examining asylum appeals, light is shed on the theory and practice of administrative justice with regard to: the problematic nature of ensuring accuracy in tribunal decision-making; the tensions under which appeal procedures operate; the importance of onward appeal rights; and the role of tribunals in policy implementation. The article argues that recent reform of the asylum appeal process, including the introduction of a single tier of appeal, the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal, by the Asylum and Immigration (Treatment of Claimants, etc) Act 2004 and restrictions on legal aid, has been motivated by political considerations and may increase the dificulties in operating an effective appeal process.
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Gunasekara, Gehan, and Niveet Singh. "Upping the Ante: New Actors and the Evolving Nature of Privacy Act Jurisprudence in New Zealand." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 48, no. 3 (November 1, 2017): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v48i3.4733.
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This article examines emerging trends in New Zealand's Privacy Act 1993 (the Act) litigation emanating from the Human Rights Review Tribunal (the Tribunal), which adjudicates cases brought under the Act. The Tribunal can award a range of remedies including damages, injunctions and declarations but in recent years it has also developed other remedies, such as training orders, aimed at remedying systemic privacy failures within agencies. The legitimacy of these is assessed against the backdrop of legislative lethargy in implementing parallel recommendations for law reform aimed at similar mischiefs. The article surveys all cases brought before the Tribunal (in its privacy jurisdiction) over a ten-year period from 2007 until 2016 inclusive. Brief comparison is made with Tribunal awards for discrimination under its non-privacy jurisdiction. The article also examines the reasons for a significant increase in the average amount of damages in recent years, especially in the Tribunals' privacy jurisdiction. Contributing factors to this include the changing nature of the types of dispute and the defendants involved as well as the discretion afforded to the Tribunal. Whilst the Tribunal has significantly modified its approach, other significant influences have included a recent increase in the number of private sector defendants. The Tribunal's substantive jurisprudence as to the nature of the obligations contained in the Act's privacy principles has also continued to evolve thereby vindicating New Zealand's principles-based data privacy regime.
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Villaverde Menéndez, Ignacio. "Cumplir o ejecutar. La ejecución de sentencias del Tribunal Constitucional y su reciente reforma." Teoría y Realidad Constitucional, no. 38 (July 1, 2016): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/trc.38.2016.18616.
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Este artículo analiza la reciente reforma de la Ley Orgánica del Tribunal Constitucional (LOTC) para reforzar los poderes de ejecución de sus resoluciones. Examina el origen de la reforma, su contenido, el procedimiento de ejecución y la doctrina del Tribunal Constitucional sobre la materia. Igualmente se analiza el Auto del Tribunal Constitucional 141/2016 en el que el Tribunal ha tenido la primera ocasión de aplicar el artículo 92 LOTC tras su reforma. La tesis del autor es que la reforma de la LOTC ha precisado y mejorado el procedimiento de ejecución de sus resoluciones, dotando al TC de poderes concretos dirigidos a asegurar su cumplimiento por los poderes públicos y los particulares. No obstante, el autor llama la atención sobre las dudas de constitucionalidad que suscitan alguna de las medidas de ejecución establecidas en el artículo 92 LOTC, como la suspensión temporal de cargos públicos en órganos constitucionales o autonómicos.This article analyzes the recent reform of the Organic Law of the Constitutional Court (LOTC) to strengthen the enforcement powers of the resolutions by the Constitutional Court. The author examines the origin of the reform, its content, the enforcement procedure and the doctrine of the Constitutional Court on the matter. Likewise, the Resolution of the Constitutional Court 141/2016 in which the Court has had the first opportunity to apply Article 92 LOTC after its reform. The author’s thesis is that the reform has clarified and improved LOTC enforcement proceedings TC resolutions, providing the TC specific powers to ensure compliance its resolutions by public authorities and individuals. However, the author draws attention to the questions of constitutionality which raise some of the implementing measures provided for in Article 92 LOTC as the temporary suspension of public office in constitutional or regional public Institutions.
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Sossin, Lorne. "DESIGNING ADMINISTRATIVE JUSTICE." Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 34, no. 1 (December 5, 2017): 87–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/wyaj.v34i1.5007.
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This article explores the adaptation of design thinking to administrative justice. The human centred design perspective has been missing from most debates surrounding the design and reform of administrative tribunals in Canada. As a result, the author asserts that the administrative justice system in Canada at all levels of government (federal, provincial, municipal, and Indigenous) is generally fragmented, poorly coordinated, and under-resourced in relation to the needs of its users and has multiple barriers of entry.
This article is divided into two parts. The first part reviews the development of design thinking in the context of legal services and legal organizations. The second part explores the implications of this development for administrative justice, particularly in the context of the establishment of new tribunals. Several examples of tribunal reform are examined from a design thinking perspective. By way of conclusion, the author suggests the criteria that should be applied to evaluate the design of a new administrative tribunal.
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Adler, Michael. "The slow road to tribunal reform." Benefits: A Journal of Poverty and Social Justice 12, no. 1 (February 2004): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.51952/ciec5393.
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In March 2003 the Lord Chancellor announced that the government had accepted the main thrust of the Leggatt Review and that it had decided to establish a single tribunal service, which would be independent of ‘sponsoring departments’ and accountable to the Lord Chancellor’s Department (now the Department for Constitutional Affairs). This article describes the thinking that informed two of the main proposals in the Leggatt Review, analyses the responses to these proposals of six stakeholders in the field of social security that are on the record and, in the regrettable absence of hard evidence, seeks to identify what the concerns of the Department for Work and Pensions, the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, and the Department for Education and Skills must have been and to contrast the effectiveness with which these departments managed to pursue them. It compares the government’s piecemeal approach to reform with the comprehensive approach advocated in the Leggatt Review and concludes by discussing the implications of the establishment of the new tribunal service for social security.
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Hickinbottom, Justice. "Tribunal Reform: A New Coherent System." Judicial Review 15, no. 2 (June 2010): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10854681.2010.11426639.
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MARTI, Gabriela. "The Role of the Constitutional Tribunal in Myanmar’s Reform Process." Asian Journal of Comparative Law 10, no. 1 (July 2015): 153–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asjcl.2015.2.
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AbstractNot long after the establishment of its Constitutional Tribunal in February 2011, Myanmar faced a constitutional crisis, when on 6 September 2012, all nine judges of the Tribunal resigned, after the Burmese parliament (Hluttaw) had initiated impeachment proceedings against the Tribunal members. The incident was seen by several commentators as a sign of the growing strength and independence of theHluttaw, while others argued that the impeachment of the Tribunal could threaten future stability. In February 2013, nine new members of the Constitutional Tribunal were appointed. However, several questions surrounding the role of the Constitutional Tribunal in Myanmar’s reform process remain. In particular, it is not entirely clear how the independence and authority of the Tribunal should be further strengthened. This paper examines the role of Myanmar’s Constitutional Tribunal, against the background of the country’s history and current political situation. By drawing on the experiences of the Indonesian Constitutional Court (Mahkamah Konstitusi), the paper addresses the question of how the post-impeachment Tribunal may be able to fortify its position vis-à-vis the various political actors in the country.
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Villaverde Menéndez, Ignacio. "El control de constitucionalidad de las reformas constitucionales : ¿un oximorón constitucional? : comentario al ATC 9/2012." Teoría y Realidad Constitucional, no. 30 (June 1, 2012): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/trc.30.2012.7017.
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En este artículo su autor analiza el ATC 9/2012 que inadmitió a trámite el recurso de amparo interpuesto por varios parlamentarios contra las resoluciones y acuerdos de la Mesa del Congreso de los Diputados que dieron trámite a la proposición de reforma del artículo 135 CE. El autor sostiene que, dado que la Constitución española no posee cláusulas de intangibilidad, e incluso existiendo, al Tribunal Constitucional tan sólo le es posible juzgar la conformidad constitucional de los actos parlamentarios de elaboración de la reforma constitucional con lo dispuesto en el artículo 23.2 CE; aunque la hipotética declaración de nulidad de dichos actos por vulneración de dicho artículo no se extendería a la reforma misma. Señala también el autor que el Tribunal Constitucional debió admitir a trámite el recurso de amparo y resolverlo mediante Sentencia.In this article the author analyses ATC 9/2012 that refuse to process the application for liberties warrant lodged by several parliamentarians against the resolutions and agreements of the Bureau of the Chamber of Deputies which gave the reform of article 135 EC proposal pending. The author argues that, because the Spanish Constitution does not have clauses of intangibility, and even exist, the Constitutional Court it is just possible constitutional conformy of parliamentary acts of preparation of constitutional reform pursuant to article 23(2) EC. Although a hypothetical Declaration of invalidity of such acts for infringement of that article would not extend to the reform. Also notes the author that the Constitutional Court was admissible the demand and resolve it by a judgment.
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Álvarez Conde, Enrique. "La ejecución de las resoluciones del Tribunal Constitucional. ¿Un cambio de modelo de justicia constitucional? // Enforcement of Constitutional Court decisions: a shift in the Constitutional Justice paradigm?" Revista de Derecho Político 1, no. 101 (April 28, 2018): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rdp.101.2018.21975.
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Resumen:La reforma, en 2015, de la LOTC ha supuesto importantes consecuencias jurídicas y políticas. En cuanto a las primeras se refiere, la reforma ha puesto en tela de juicio nuestro modelo de justicia constitucional así como la propia posición del Tribunal en relación con los demás poderes del Estado. Desde el punto de vista político, la reforma, aprobada precipitadamente y al final de la legislatura, esta concebida únicamente para resolver el problema soberanista catalán, situando en sede jurisdiccional decisiones políticas que nunca corresponden a un órgano de Justicia Constitucional. Como señaló la propia Comisión de Venecia, en su informe de marzo del 2017, y pese a haber sido declarada constitucional la reforma realizada, no es recomendable que estas competencias de ejecución sean atribuidas al Tribunal Constitucional.Abstract:The Spanish Constitutional Court Organization Act reform of 2015 has had significant legal and political repercussions. From a legal perspective, the reform has called into question both our constitutional justice model and the Court’s role in relation to other State powers. From a political point of view, the unwisely rush in adopting said reform at the end of the parliamentary term, was solely intended to resolve the Catalan sovereignty issue, thus placing political decisions at the hands of a Constitutional Court that should not be deciding on such matters. As pointed out by the Venice Commission itself, in its report of March 2017, and despite the reform´s constitutionality, attributing such enforcement powers to the Constitutional Court is not recommended. Summary:I. General remarks. II. Theoretical issues raised: A) The likely disruption of the Constitutional Justice model. B) The notion of Constitutional Review. C) Enforcement as a constituent element of the jurisdictional function. III. New measures for enforcing Constitutional Court decisions: A) The nature of the sentences. B) The default rules. C) The position of the Court in relation to the implementation of its decisions. D) The imposition of fines. E) Suspension of duties. F) Execution of alternative measures. G) Adoption of other necessary measures. IV. Implementation of the corresponding enforcement measures.
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Fernández Masiá, Enrique, and Margherita Salvadori. "Lo que se está discutiendo en la CNUDMI: evolución o revolución en el sistema de solución de controversias inversor-Estado = What is being discussed in the UNCITRAL: evolution or revolution in the investor-State dispute." CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL 12, no. 1 (March 5, 2020): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2020.5185.
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Resumen: La principal iniciativa para reformar el sistema de solución de controversias inversor-Estado está siendo debatida en el Grupo de Trabajo III de la CNUDMI. Se están discutiendo propuestas específicas tanto para una reforma procesal como institucional. En lo que se refiere a la reforma institucional, la Unión Europea propone el establecimiento de un tribunal multilateral de inversiones, que rompería con el sistema actual ad-hoc. Con independencia de estas propuestas, cada vez parece existir un mayor acuerdo para la adopción de un Centro de asesoramiento sobre el Derecho internacional de inversiones, que podría solventar la cuestión de la duración y costes de los procedimientos, facilitar el acceso a la justicia y, mejorar la elaboración de los futuros Acuerdos internacionales.Palabras clave: Arbitraje inversor-Estado , Grupo de Trabajo III de la CNUDMI, Tribunal Multilateral de Inversiones, Mecanismo de Apelación, Centro de Asesoramiento.Abstract: The main initiative to reform the system of investor-State dispute settlement is being debated by Working Group III appointed by the UNCITRAL. Specific proposals for a procedural and institutional reform of the system are being discussed. As concerns the institutional reform, the EU proposes the establishment of a multilateral investment court, which would break the current ad hoc-based system. Independent from these proposals, there appears to be a growing consensus on the establishment of an Advisory Centre on International Investment Law, which could address the issue of costs and duration of procedures, enhance access to justice issues, apart from improving the future treaty law-making.Keywords: Investor-State Arbitration,UNCITRAL Working Group III, Multilateral Investment Court, Appellate Mechanism, Advisory Centre.
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Mullins, Mark. "The new Mental Disorder Tribunal." International Journal of Mental Health and Capacity Law, no. 3 (September 8, 2014): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.19164/ijmhcl.v0i3.300.
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<p>In its final report the Expert Committee on reform of the Mental Health Act 1983 chaired by Professor Genevra Richardson proposed a new Mental Disorder Tribunal. This tribunal would have fundamentally different functions, composition, procedure and powers to the present Mental Health Review Tribunals (MHRTs). The Committee’s objective was not merely to repair the failings of the present MHRT system but to replace it with a new structure promoting the principles of patient autonomy and non-discrimination. Reading the Committee report and the Government’s Green Paper proposals in response together it soon becomes clear that the Government has rejected the recommendation that the new mental health law should be based on principles of autonomy and nondiscrimination. In their place the Green Paper puts “safety” and “risk”. While it will incorporate safeguards to ensure compliance with the Human Rights Act 1998, the “dual aims” of the new Mental Health Act are to be to ensure the health and safety of patients and safety of the public. Whereas the Committee saw the new tribunal as an active guarantor and promoter of individual rights the Green Paper recasts it as a body preoccupied with risk and safety, stating as a fundamental “principle” that: “Issues relating to the safety of the individual patient and of the public are of key importance in determining the question of whether compulsory powers should be imposed”</p>
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Bonet Navarro, José. "La necesaria reforma de la mal llamada «jura de cuentas»." Revista de Derecho de la UNED (RDUNED), no. 21 (January 31, 2018): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rduned.21.2017.21184.
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Con ocasión de las cuestiones prejudiciales formuladas ante el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea sobre el control de cláusulas abusivas en el llamado «expediente de jura de cuentas», la Abogada General concluye que la regulación del procedimiento es inadecuada conforme al derecho de la Unión. Indirectamente, pone también en evidencia graves defectos en la regulación, principalmente porque se invaden funciones que corresponden exclusivamente a la jurisdicción. En la reforma procesal que seguirá en el caso de que la Sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea, y también en la reforma que debería seguirse en caso contrario, deberá garantizarse el control de oficio y suficiente de las cláusulas abusivas por el titular de la potestad jurisdiccional.On the occasion of the preliminary rulings exercised before the Court of Justice of the European Union on examination ex officio of possible unfair terms in the expedient called «manifestation of accounts», the General Counsel concludes that the procedure is inappropriate according to the law of the Union. Indirectly, it reveals serious defects in regulation, mainly because it invades exclusive domains of the jurisdiction. In the procedural reform that will continue in the event that the Sentence of the Court of Justice of the European Union, and also in the reform that should be followed otherwise, the ex officio control of the abusive clauses by the judge must be guaranteed.
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Otis, Louise, and Eric H. Reiter. "The Reform of the United Nations Administration of Justice System: The United Nations Appeals Tribunal after One Year." Law and Practice of International Courts and Tribunals 10, no. 3 (2011): 405–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180311x594131.
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Abstract This article surveys some emerging issues in the jurisprudence of the new United Nations Appeals Tribunal. Through an analysis of both procedural and substantive questions that the tribunal has faced in its first year (for example specific performance, production of documents, and whistleblower protection), the article offers an assessment of the implementation of the reform of the formal justice system of the United Nations. The developing jurisprudence of the tribunal will be an important indicator of the success or failure of the implementation of an independent system of justice within the United Nations.
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Ismail, Khalida, Shubulade Smith, and Tony Maden. "Mental health review tribunal medical reports." Psychiatric Bulletin 22, no. 10 (October 1998): 615–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.22.10.615.
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Aims and methodMedical reports submitted to mental health review tribunals should be of a clinically acceptable standard. We examined 100 medical reports to assess whether they stated the four criteria for detention under Section 3 of the Mental Health Act 1983. We compared the standard of reports according to the seniority, qualifications and speciality of the doctor, and with the outcome from the tribunal.ResultsThe majority of the reports were written by junior doctors and did not fulfil the criteria laid down by the Mental Health Act 1983. Consultant and forensic psychiatry status were associated with completed reports.Clinical implicationsThis study was performed in one hospital only but highlights the ongoing need to review and improve the workings of the Mental Health Act before reform is considered.
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Sainsbury, Roy. "Whatever happened to the reform of decision making and appeals?" Benefits: A Journal of Poverty and Social Justice 12, no. 1 (February 2004): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.51952/jqtz6356.
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The latest reform of social security decision making and appeal arrangements took place over the period 1997 to 1999 through a combination of primary legislation, new regulations and internal administrative changes. The aims of the reforms were to improve the processes for decisions and appeals, to produce a less complex, more accurate and cost-effective system for making and changing decisions, and to preserve claimants’ rights to an independent review of decisions in appropriate cases. This article looks at the evidence base for evaluating the effects of the reforms and for assessing whether they have delivered their promise of improved decision making and appeals. The conclusion is reached that the evidence base for evaluation is actually weak. What information does exist is not sufficiently transparent. There is a major gap in knowledge about the experiences of social security claimants and tribunal appellants after the reforms, which needs to be seriously addressed.
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Ramírez Escamilla, Javier. "Transformación histórico-jurídica de la Ciudad de México." Derecho y Justicia, no. 5 (August 8, 2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.29344/07196377.5.1402.
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ResumenEn este artículo se analiza el trayecto histórico-jurídico de la Ciudad de México, desde su fundación como México-Tenochtitlán hasta el día de hoy. Asimismo, se explican los diversos regímenes políticos y administrativos bajo los cuales se ha regulado la capital y se analiza la reforma política del Distrito Federal. Palabras clave: Ciudad de México; Jefe de Gobierno; AsambleaLegislativa; Tribunal Superior de Justicia.ResumoNeste artigo se analisa a trajetória histórica e jurídica da Cidade do México, desde sua fundação como México-Tenochtitlán até hoje. Assim também, se explicam os diversos regímenes políticos e administrativos que tem regulado a capital e se analisa o ultima reforma política do Distrito Federal.Palavras chave: Cidade do México; Chefe de Governo; Assembleia Legislativa; Tribunal Superior de Justiça.AbstractThis article discusses the historical and legal regime of Mexico City from its establishment as Mexico-Tenochtitlan until today. It also explains plenty of political and administrative regimes under which has been regulated the Capital and analyzes the political reform of Mexico City, Mexico.Keywords: Mexico City; Head of government; Legislative Assembly; Court of Justice.
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CARRILLO LÓPEZ, MARC. "LA OBJETIVACIÓN DEL RECURSO DE AMPARO: UNA NECESIDAD INELUDIBLE." RVAP 81, no. 81 (August 1, 2008): 87–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.81.2008.03.
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La reforma del recurso de amparo contemplada en la L. O. 6/2007, de 24 de mayo, de reforma del Tribunal Constitucional, constituye una respuesta al riesgo de que la jurisdicción constitucional devenga un bien escaso, como ya advirtió en el pasado la doctrina alemana respecto del Tribunal de Karsluhe. La configuración del trámite de admisión del recurso como un juicio de admisibilidad en sentido positivo, la objetivación del amparo y la ampliación del ámbito material del incidente de nulidad de actuaciones del art. 241.1 (LOPJ), son elementos que pueden resultar positivos para evitar que la jurisdicción constitucional pierda su identidad. Pero la reforma obliga a un cambio en la lógica del juicio de constitucionalidad de los derechos fundamentales. Además, para que aquélla prospere, se precisa una revisión del sistema de tutela de los derechos por los tribunales ordinarios, al objeto de unificar los diversos procedimientos y una mejora de la justicia cautelar. Konstituzio Auzitegiaren erreformari buruzko maiatzaren 24ko 6/2007 Lege Organikoak jasotzen duen babes-errekurtsoaren erreformaren helburu da jurisdikzio konstituzionala ondasun urria ez dadin bihur, eta horretaz Alemaniako doktrinak ohartarazi zuen Karsluheko Auzitegiari buruz lehenago ere. Jurisdikzio konstituzionalak bere nortasuna gal ez dezan honako elementu hauek positiboak gerta daitezke: errekurtsoa izapidetzeko onarpena aldeko onargarritasun-iritzitzat jotzea, babesa modu objektiboan hartzea, eta 241. 1 (BJLO) artikuluko jardunen deuseztasunaren intzidentearen gai-eremua zabaltzea Baina erreformak oinarrizko eskubideen konstituzio-epaiketaren logikan aldaketa bat eskatzen du. Gainera, hark aurrera egin dezan, auzitegi arrunten eskubideen tutoretzaren sistema berraztertu behar da, prozedurak bateratze aldera, eta kautelazko justizia hobetzeko. The reform of the appeal for Constitutional right¿s legal protection (amparo) contemplated in the L. O. 6/2007, of 24 of May, of reform of the Constitutional Court, it constitutes an answer to the risk of the constitutional jurisdiction being entitled to a scarce good, as it already noticed in the past the German doctrine as for the Court of Karsluhe. The configuration of the formality of admission of the appeal as a judgment of admissibility in positive meaning, the objectivation of the protection and the enlargement of the material area of the incident of nullity of performances of the art. 241.1 (LOPJ), are elements that can be positive to avoid that the constitutional jurisdiction loses its identity. But the reform obliges to a change in the logic
of the judgment of constitutionality of the basic rights. Besides, so that prospers, a revision of the system of protection of the laws is needed by the ordinary courts, to the object of unifying the different procedures and an improvement of the precautionary justice.
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Foley, Tim, and Christopher J. Ryan. "The frequency of references to decision-making capacity in reports to the NSW Mental Health Review Tribunal did not change after legislative reforms that promoted them." Australasian Psychiatry 28, no. 2 (February 4, 2020): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856220901475.
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Objective: To assess the impact of a 2015 reform to the Mental Health Act 2007 (NSW) ( MHA) that was interpreted as requiring a reference to decision-making capacity (DMC) in reports to the NSW Mental Health Review Tribunal (MHRT). Method: A sample of reports to the MHRT were audited for references to the MHA’s treatment criteria and DMC in periods before and after the reforms, and the frequency of references between the two periods was compared. Results: The frequency of references to DMC did not change significantly after the reforms. (However, references to the ‘least restriction’ criterion increased markedly between the two periods). Conclusion: Despite legislative reforms and a supporting education campaign promoting the importance of consideration of DMC, references to DMC did not increase after the reforms.
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Adler, Michael. "Tribunal Reform: Proportionate Dispute Resolution and the Pursuit of Administrative Justice." Modern Law Review 69, no. 6 (November 2006): 958–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2230.2006.00618.x.
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Naldi, Gino J. "Mike Campbell (Pvt) Ltd et al v The Republic of Zimbabwe: Zimbabwe's Land Reform Programme Held in Breach of the SADC Treaty." Journal of African Law 53, no. 2 (September 18, 2009): 305–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855309990088.
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AbstractIn its first judgment the South African Development Community (SADC) Tribunal had to determine whether Zimbabwe's controversial programme of land redistribution for resettlement purposes was compatible with the SADC Treaty. The tribunal provided one of the few avenues of redress for farmers deprived of their property without compensation. It held that the land reform programme breached the treaty on the grounds that the property owners had been denied access to the domestic courts, that the applicants had been victims of racial discrimination, and that the state had failed to pay compensation for the lands compulsorily acquired. While the tribunal appears to have reached the right conclusions, its reasoning could have been more persuasive. Of wider significance is the fact that the tribunal has established itself as a forum that can provide relief for human rights violations. Its finding that human rights are justiciable under the treaty is notable.
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Gervais, Daniel. "Intellectual Property: A Beacon for Reform of Investor-State Dispute Settlement." Michigan Journal of International Law, no. 40.2 (2019): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.36642/mjil.40.2.intellectual.
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This Article attempts to resolve clashes between intellectual property and investor-state dispute settlement (“ISDS”). ISDS clauses contained in bilateral, plurilateral, or multilateral trade and investment agreements give multinational investors (corporations) a right to sue a state in a binding proceeding before an independent arbitral tribunal. This jurisgenerative right to file a claim against a state in an international tribunal with mandatory jurisdiction is exceptional; it is generally reserved to other states. Only multinational corporations can use ISDS to file claims against states in which they invest, provided the state is party to a bilateral investment treaty (“BIT”) or a trade agreement containing an investment chapter (“International Investment Agreement” or “IIA”). The ISDS case filed by the global pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly against Canada based on the invalidation by a Canadian court of two patents was the first direct major clash between IP and ISDS.
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Magliveras, Konstantinos D., and Gino J. Naldi. "When Politics Prevail Over the Rule of Law: The Demise of the sadc Tribunal." International Human Rights Law Review 10, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 124–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22131035-01001001.
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Abstract The article questions whether the Tribunal of the Southern Africa Development Community (sadc) ought to have entertained human rights cases given that the sadc Treaty does not endow it with such jurisdiction. It then analyses its demise in 2010, which was prompted by several rulings against Zimbabwe, whose policy of expropriating land without compensation was held to violate human rights. The pertinent aspects of these cases are reviewed, and the significance of Zimbabwe’s land reform programme is explained. The article elucidates why sadc leaders were prepared to suspend the Tribunal’s operation. This was a combination of alarm that it could evolve into a quasi-regional human rights court but also solidarity with the then President Mugabe, a hero of Africa’s liberation struggle. Finally, the pronouncements of the Constitutional Court of South Africa and the High Court of Tanzania on the lawfulness of the sadc Tribunal’s suspension are considered.
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Ofodile, Uché Ewelukwa. "African States, Investor–State Arbitration and the ICSID Dispute Resolution System: Continuities, Changes and Challenges." ICSID Review - Foreign Investment Law Journal 34, no. 2 (2019): 296–364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icsidreview/siz031.
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Abstract Against the backdrop of growing public discourse about the usefulness, legitimacy and effectiveness of the investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS) system, this article reviews the participation of African States in international investment arbitration and analyzes some of the cases involving African States in claims initiated under the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes Between States and Nationals of Other States (the “ICSID Convention”). Specifically, the article reviews ICSID cases involving African States in which decisions were reached on the merit [i.e. the tribunal determined whether the challenged measure breached any substantive obligation in an international investment agreement (IIA)]. Focus is on cases where claimants alleged violation of the fair and equitable treatment (FET) obligation and cases where expropriation, both direct and indirect were alleged. A review of cases involving African States suggests that there is no African peculiarity or specialty in terms of the awards and analysis of arbitral tribunals. In cases involving African States, ICSID tribunals appear to be guided primarily by the provisions of applicable texts (IIAs, contracts, and legislation) and ICSID case law rather than by the status of a Respondent State as developing or least developed. The paper raises important questions about the development dimension of the ISDS system or the lack thereof, and could contribute to current debates about ISDS reform and the need for sustainable development-oriented reform of IIAs more broadly. The paper also sheds light on the risks that broad and vague provisions in IIAs pose for host States and calls attention to the capacity constraints that limit meaningful IIA reform in Africa.
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Gómez Lugo, Yolanda. "La tramitación de la reforma constitucional mediante procedimientos legislativos abreviados: un problema de límites procedimentales." Teoría y Realidad Constitucional, no. 43 (May 23, 2019): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/trc.43.2019.24432.
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¿Pueden las Cámaras tramitar las iniciativas de reforma constitucional aplicando simultáneamente los procedimientos parlamentarios de reforma constitucional y procedimientos legislativos abreviados? Más específicamente, ¿puede considerarse que los métodos de lectura única y urgencia son procedimientos adecuados para tramitar la revisión de la Constitución? En el Auto 9/2012 el Tribunal Constitucional parece haberse decantado por la tesis de la simultaneidad procedimental, conforme a la cual los procedimientos de reforma constitucional podrían aplicarse transversalmente junto a las técnicas procedimentales de lectura única y de urgencia. Sin embargo, haciendo una interpretación sistemática de las normas constitucionales y parlamentarias que regulan el modo de producción legislativa, es posible deducir que dichas modalidades abreviadas actúan como límites procedimentales en la tramitación parlamentaria de la revisión de la Constitución.Can the Parliament process constitutional reform initiatives applying the procedures of constitutional reform and abbreviated legislative procedures simultaneously? More specifically, can it be considered that the method of single reading and the urgent procedure are adequate for processing the revision of the Constitution? In the decision ATC 9/2012 the Constitutional Court seems to have embraced the thesis of procedural simultaneity, according to which the procedures of constitutional reform could be applied transversally along with the legislative techniques of single reading and urgency. However, making a systematic interpretation of constitutional and parliamentary rules governing the lawmaking process, it might be argued that these kind of abbreviates procedures act as procedural limits in the parliamentary processing of the constitutional revision.
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Wikeley, Nick. "The new tax credits and appeals." Benefits: A Journal of Poverty and Social Justice 12, no. 1 (February 2004): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.51952/vpba9882.
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The introduction of Working Tax Credit and Child Tax Credit from April 2003 has resulted in much publicised delays in payments of the new tax credits to claimants. But the way in which claimants can challenge decisions made by the Inland Revenue on tax credits claims has received relatively little scrutiny. The current appeal arrangements represent an awkward compromise between the very different appeals systems that apply to income tax and social security disputes respectively. Most tax credit appeals are heard by The Appeals Service (TAS) tribunals, but with the adoption of some principles drawn from the tax tribunals. In addition, a wider reform of the tribunal system generally is on the horizon. Disputes over overpayments of tax credits are likely to be an especially contentious area of work, but these cases will not come to the fore until the summer of 2004, given the way in which entitlement to tax credits is assessed.
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Martín, José María Lombardero. "El Tribunal del Jurado y la Conexión Penal." REVISTA INTERNACIONAL CONSINTER DE DIREITO 13, no. 13 (December 21, 2021): 283–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.19135/revista.consinter.00013.13.
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The objective of this presentation is to analyze and clarify the complex aspects of the objective competence of the Jury Court twenty-five years after the institution was put into operation in the Spanish judicial system. It will be found that inaccuracies in its legal regulation have made it possible for the Procedure before the jury, with hardly any legislative modification, to increase its complexity and the effort it entails for the courts and citizens. This study proposes the reform of the institution of the Jury Court at a first level in terms of its competence, clarifying and simplifying it, and at a second level (which does not exclude the first) by introducing changes in the procedure of the instructions to the jury and the deliberation that allow citizens to face with better possibilities the task of issuing and motivating their Verdict.
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Balaguer Callejón, Maria Luisa, Paloma Biglino Campos, Angela Figueruelo Burrieza, Teresa Freixes Sanjuan, Itziar Gómez Fernández, Fernando Rey Martínez, and Octavio Salazar Benitez. "Encuesta sobre la igualdad entre hombres y mujeres." Teoría y Realidad Constitucional, no. 43 (May 23, 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/trc.43.2019.24398.
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En esta encuesta un grupo de profesores de Derecho Constitucional contesta un conjunto de preguntas sobre el principio de igualdad entre hombres y mujeres: su reconocimiento constitucional; los avances, logros y obstáculos en la consecución de este objetivo; los impulsos políticos y jurídicos recibidos; las propuestas de reforma constitucional al respecto; y la labor desarrollada por el Tribunal Constitucional y el legislador.In this academic survey a group of Constitutional Law Professors answer some questions about the equality between men and women: its constitutional recognition; the progress, achievements and obstacles in reaching this goal; the political and legal impulses received; the proposals for constitutional reform in this regard; and the work developed by the Constitutional Court and the legislator.
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Zimmermann, Frank. "Concerns Regarding the Rule of Law as a Ground for Non-execution of the European Arrest Warrant: Suggestions for a Reform." European Criminal Law Review 12, no. 1 (2022): 4–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2193-5505-2022-1-4.
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The judicial reforms in Poland, which are harshly and continuously criticised as undermining the independence of Polish courts, have brought the principle of mutual recognition and the European arrest warrant (EAW) to its limits. These unprecedented challenges to the rule of law have made it necessary to create an extraordinary ground for non-execution of EAWs issued by Polish authorities. However, the pertinent jurisprudence of the Court of Justice in Luxemburg (case C-216/18 PPU and follow-up decisions) is not fully convincing, particularly in the light of two recent judgments by the Polish Constitutional Tribunal. For that reason, a more far-reaching legislative reform of the EAW is urgently needed.
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Örūcu, Esin. "Conseil D'etat: The French Layer of Turkish Administrative Law." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 49, no. 3 (July 2000): 679–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589300064447.
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In both the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish Republic, legal reform efforts have invariably relied on Western models and in administrative law this model has been the French. The first such effort was with the Tanzimat (The Charter of Reformation) in 1839, though these reforms did not have deep effect until the 1860s when the bases of the main administrative institutions such as the Turkish Conseil d'Etat were laid down.1 However, the Conseil d'Etat was not the only institutional model taken from France. The French layer of Turkish administrative law includes other institutions such as the Cour des Comptes, the Tribunal des Conflits, some financial organisations, the system of autonomous provincial and local administration and administrative tutelage.2
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Shabeeb, Lina Abdallah Khalil, and Mahasen Aljaghoub. "Check on Foreign Debt Agreements in the Jordanian Legal System." Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Online 17, no. 1 (January 31, 2013): 102–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004283688_005.
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The system of checks and balances, adopted by the Jordanian Constitution is highly weakened by the High Tribunal’s interpretation of Article 33 (addressing international relations) in Decision number 1/1962; especially regarding foreign debt agreements, where such agreements, entered into by the Executive Power, are, almost always, excluded from the approval of the National Assembly. Unfortunately, the 2011 Constitutional Reform missed a golden opportunity to amend this Article; therefore, the alternative would be for the Constitutional Court, the successor of the High Tribunal, to present a different approach, especially since the authorities supporting the Tribunal’s decision can be revised to present a different interpretation that allows a better check over foreign debt, which has been rising recently to alarming levels. The best candidate to initiate this change is the National Assembly, especially the Chamber of Deputies, either by submitting a request to the Court to this effect, or by carrying a legislative reform amending the Public Debt Management Law from the one side and, from the other side, drafting a law for the check over the Executive Power’s role in conducting external agreements in general, and foreign debt agreements, in particular; a law that balances the relations between the two Powers, regarding their financial functions, and enhances the democratization of the Jordanian System.
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Aronson, Mark. "AN ADMINISTRATIVE APPEALS TRIBUNAL FOR NEW SOUTH WALES: EXPENSIVE LEGALISM, OR OVERDUE REFORM?" Australian Journal of Public Administration 52, no. 2 (June 1993): 208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.1993.tb00270.x.
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Jones, Annika. "A Quiet Transformation? Efficiency Building in the “Fall” of International Criminal Justice." International Criminal Law Review 19, no. 3 (May 11, 2019): 445–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-01903002.
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In recent years, international criminal justice mechanisms have come under increasing pressure to improve their efficiency, i.e. to reduce costs and increase their speed of operation. Drawing from semi-structured interviews with staff and stakeholders in proceedings at the International Criminal Court, the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia, this article argues that pressure for efficiency and related reform is supporting ‘quiet transformation’ in the balance between conflicting goals that underpin the international criminal justice process; in particular, between the pursuit of accountability, on the one hand, and demand for fairness and victim satisfaction, on the other. It highlights the need for greater engagement with the underlying policy issues that efficiency building raises and for ongoing, sustained empirical research into the impact of efficiency building on the ability of international criminal courts and tribunals to realise their goals.
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Lederman, W. R. "Constitutional Procedure for the Reform of the Supreme Court of Canada." La réforme de la Cour suprême 26, no. 1 (April 12, 2005): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042658ar.
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L'auteur nous trace l'évolution de la Cour suprême du Canada créée en 1875 ainsi que des implications pour cette Cour, de la venue de la Loi constitutionnelle de1982, spécialement des articles 41(d) et 42(l)(d). Il exprime son point de vue quant au nombre de juges qui doivent siéger, aux quotas régionaux, aux méthodes de sélection. Il examine aussi la question de savoir si la Cour suprême doit continuer d'être le tribunal général d'appel au Canada ou si elle devrait se spécialiser en droit public et constitutionnel.
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Rodríguez Bereijo, Álvaro. "Elogio a la concordia y llamada a la reforma de nuestra Constitución." Teoría y Realidad Constitucional, no. 29 (June 1, 2012): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/trc.29.2012.6995.
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En esta publicación se recoge el discurso del Álvaro Rodríguez Bereijo, ex Presidente del Tribunal Constitucional español, pronunciado en la entrega del Premio Fernando Abril Martorell 2011, y que se centró en recordar el espíritu de concordia y el consenso que presidió la elaboración de la Constitución de 1978 y en animar a encarar la reforma de la misma con ese mismo espíritu de concordia.This paper contains the speech of Álvaro Rodríguez Bereijo, Ex-president of the Spanish Constitutional Court, pronounced in the presentation of the Fernando Abril Martorell Award 2011, and it focuses on reminding the spirit of concord in the elaboration process of the Spanish Constitution of 1978 and on encouraging to face the reform of this Constitution with the same spirit of concord and looking for the same consensus as in 1978.
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Jones, Oliver R., and Chido Dunn. "Legal Documents Relating to Land Reform in Zimbabwe." International Legal Materials 49, no. 5 (October 2010): 1380–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/intelegamate.49.5.1380.
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In Gramara (Private) Ltd. & Others v. Government of Zimbabwe & Others (‘‘Gramara’’)1 and Von Abo v. Government of South Africa (‘‘Von Abo’’),2 the legitimacy of Zimbabwe’s land reform program has once again come under the judicial microscope. In Gramara, Judge Patel of the Zimbabwean High Court refused to enforce a decision of the Southern African Development Community (‘‘SADC’’) Tribunal that declared the program inconsistent with a range of human rights protections. By contrast, in Von Abo, Judge Prinsloo of the South African High Court virulently condemned the South African government’s failure to afford the applicant farm-owner diplomatic protection in relation to the government of Zimbabwe’s confiscations of land owned by South African nationals. The decisions throw into sharp relief both the potential and the limitations of the application of international law in the domestic context.
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Biglino Campos, Paloma. "El Tribunal de Cuentas como garantía del Estado Social, del Estado Democrático y del Estado de Derecho." Teoría y Realidad Constitucional, no. 44 (November 15, 2019): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/trc.44.2019.25997.
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El Tribunal de Cuentas sigue siendo una institución poco analizada por el Derecho Constitucional español, a pesar de que desempeña una misión esencial para el buen funcionamiento de nuestro Estado Social y Democrático de Derecho. Este artículo analiza, en primer lugar, el papel que desempeña dicho órgano a la hora de garantizar el principio democrático y defiende un contacto más directo con los ciudadanos y una relación más fluida con el Parlamento. El papel del Tribunal de Cuentas con respecto al Estado de Derecho deriva de su actividad de fiscalización y, también, de enjuiciamiento. A pesar de las críticas que esta última ha recibido, resulta imprescindible para completar el ciclo del control. La institución es, también, necesaria para asegurar el Estado Social, sobre todo desde que la introducción del principio de equilibrio presupuestario ha hecho prestar mucha más atención a la eficiencia y economía del gasto público. El artículo trata, finalmente, de algunas reformas propuestas por el Tribunal de Cuentas Europeo y el Tribunal de Cuentas de Portugal tras la revisión por pares que esas instituciones hicieron del Tribunal de Cuentas en 2015. Para llevarlas a cabo sería conveniente reformar las Leyes que regulan al Tribunal de Cuentas y aconsejable una revisión del art. 136 de la Constitución.Although the Court of Auditors is an institution which is vital for our Democratic and Social State governed by the rule of Law, a better comprehension of the body from the Constitutional Law perspective is still required. Firstly, this paper analyses the role of the Court of Auditors as a guarantee of the democratic principle. On this issue, it will be advisable to set up a more direct contact with citizens and a more fluid relationship with Parliament. Secondly, this article studies the fundamental activity of the Court of Auditors as a guarantee of the rule of law principle, not only when the institution performs its audit function, but also its judicial function. In spite of the critiques which the last one has received, it is fundamental for completing the cycle of audit. Thirdly, the paper underlines the relevance of the Court of Auditors as a guarantee of the Social Estate, especially when the principle of budgetary balance imposes more efficiency and economy on public spending. Finally, the reforms proposed by the Tribunal de Contas Portuguese and the European Court of Auditors in their peer review of 2015 are analysed. Many of these suggestions can be implemented by changing the Laws which rule on the Spanish Court of Auditors. However, other proposal may make convenient a reform of Art. 136 of our Constitution.
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Panda, Aurobinda, and Atul Patel. "Competition Law and Competition Issues Affecting the Energy Sector in India." Journal of Infrastructure Development 3, no. 2 (December 2011): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097493061100300201.
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India faces endemic electrical energy and peaking shortages. The power sector is plagued with mounting commercial losses due to various inefficiencies, colossal commercial and technical losses and increasing subsidy burden on the states. These shortages have had a very detrimental effect on the overall economic growth of the country. In order to revitalise the sector and improve the techno-economic performance, the Government of India initiated the reform process in 1991. This article analyses the pre-reform era and identifies the key concerns which led to the initiation of the reforms. It also analyses the likely impact of the major policy and regulatory initiatives that have been undertaken since 1991 including the provisions of the new enactments which have come into force eventually in the form of the Electricity Act, 2003. This article details out the key features of the Act and its likely impact on the Indian electricity industry in the emerging scenario. The article also discusses major issues like role of the regulator in the new regime, issue of open access, power trading, introduction of power markets and role of the Appellate Tribunal for Electricity in harmonising the orders of the various regulators. JEL Classification: K21, Q43
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Gately, D. J. "QUEENSLAND PETROLEUM ACT REVIEW AND REFORM." APPEA Journal 29, no. 1 (1989): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj88011.
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On 12 May 1988 amendments to the Queensland Petroleum Act of 1923 came into force. These empower the Governor- in- Council to appoint a Pipelines Tribunal to inquire into the operations of any existing or proposed pipeline. The Act now affirms the existence of the Secretary of Mines as a Corporation which can undertake all the aspects of an oil company from exploration to distribution of refined products. In particular, this corporation now has the sole right to construct and operate any pipeline in Queensland which extends beyond the boundaries of a lease. There was little or no dialogue with industry prior to the proclamation of these amendments.In comparison with the Petroleum Acts of South Australia, Western Australia and the Northern Territory, the Queensland Petroleum Act contains many areas subject to ministerial discretion or which are no longer relevant to present- day administrative practices. The Queensland Government's proposal to issue a green paper discussing amendments to the Act, based on submissions from interested parties, is welcomed since it is in the interests of management of the exploratory oil industry to strive for uniformity of administration in each state.
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Prytyka, Yu, and D. Prytyka. "NEWLY REFORMED PROCEEDINGS OF THE ARBITRATION AWARDS REVIEW AND INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION AWARDS APPEAL IN CIVIL PROCEDURAL LEGISLATION OF UKRAINE." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Legal Studies, no. 110 (2019): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2195/2019/3.110-6.
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This article deals with the novelties of the reformed procedural legislation of Ukraine on appealing the decision of arbitration court and international commercial arbitration, as well as on new approaches to determining the legal nature of the proceedings in cases of appealing arbitration awards. At the same time, this study shows that the specific practical problems of a unified approach to terminology absence, in particular, "appeal" by arbitral tribunal or "challenge" by international commercial arbitration, still remain. In this article the problems of determining the objects of appeal and the expansion of the range of subjects of appeal against the decisions of arbitral tribunals, as well as the disputable issues, determining the jurisdiction of this category of cases are also considered. Special attention is paid to the examining the procedure for reviewing applications for annulment of decisions of the arbitral tribunal and international commercial arbitration, in particular the initial stage of production, time limits for challenging the arbitration award. Taking this into account, authors identify the ways to resolve the abovementioned practical problems, as well as the prospects for further reform of the judicial review institution over the enforcement of arbitral tribunals and international commercial arbitration decisions. In conclusion, authors prove, that the activity of national courts does not include the revision of the decisions of arbitration courts and international commercial arbitrations, since national courts do not check the legality and validity of the decisions; they do not review the substantive decision. In this case we consider a special mechanism for the control over the abuse of arbitrators' powers granted to them by law and by the parties to the arbitration agreement during the dispute resolution.The purpose of an appeal is to provide the interested party with the opportunity to apply limited judicial review of the arbitral award.
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Reinisch, August, and Christina Knahr. "From the United Nations Administrative Tribunal to the United Nations Appeals Tribunal – Reform of the Administration of Justice System within the United Nations." Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law Online 12, no. 1 (2008): 447–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757413-90000031a.
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Calinaud, René. "Un Organisme Sui Generisà la Polynésie Français." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 35, no. 2 (August 1, 2004): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v35i2.5637.
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The law of 5 February 1994 set up the Land Conciliation Commission of French Polynesia as a unique and original institution. Its creation was the result of considerable reflection on the treatment of land claims, which have their own particular characteristics and difficulties in this overseas territory. This article examines the success of the Commission, in light of its uncertain future after the creation of a land tribunal by the constitutional reform of 2004.
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Stankevič, Adam. "Proposals of the Pinsk District Nobleman Teodor Rodziewicz Regarding the Improvement of the Activities of the Nobility Courts in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Late 18th Century)." Teisė 117 (December 28, 2020): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/teise.2020.117.6.
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This article analyzes the project for the improvement of the activities of the nobility (land, castle, border, arbitral tribunal and the Supreme Tribunal of Lithuania) courts of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania prepared by Teodor Rodziewicz, a nobleman of the Pinsk district, having the title of cup-bearer. The aim is to reveal the main reasons for the flawed activities of the nobility courts, as singled out by the author of the manuscript, and to discuss his suggestions, which were aimed at remedying this situation. The most important postulates of the judicial reform proposed by T. Rodziewicz were the following: general election of judges, introduction of the fixed terms of office for judges, extension of the areas of responsibility of judges, and collegial examination of cases. Some of these principles were implemented in the Four-Year Sejm.
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Salter, Shannon. "ONLINE DISPUTE RESOLUTION AND JUSTICE SYSTEM INTEGRATION: BRITISH COLUMBIA’S CIVIL RESOLUTION TRIBUNAL." Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 34, no. 1 (December 5, 2017): 112–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/wyaj.v34i1.5008.
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This article undertakes a brief comparison of private and public online dispute resolution [ODR] systems before providing an overview of the Civil Resolution Tribunal [CRT], Canada’s first online tribunal, and its ODR processes. The article discusses why the CRT has come to be, how it has been implemented, as well as its implications for civil justice reform more broadly. A main proposition is that the transformational potential of ODR will only be realized when ODR is fully integrated with public justice processes. This proposition is not without its difficulties, as the CRT’s experience illustrates. To this end, the article also provides an introduction to some of the opportunities and challenges offered by an integrated ODR system like the CRT as well as some of the steps the CRT has taken to meet these demands as transparently and collaboratively as possible.
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Stankevič, Adam. "Proposals of the Pinsk District Nobleman Teodor Rodziewicz Regarding the Improvement of the Activities of the Nobility Courts in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Late 18th Century)." Teisė 117 (December 28, 2020): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/teise.2020.117.6.
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This article analyzes the project for the improvement of the activities of the nobility (land, castle, border, arbitral tribunal and the Supreme Tribunal of Lithuania) courts of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania prepared by Teodor Rodziewicz, a nobleman of the Pinsk district, having the title of cup-bearer. The aim is to reveal the main reasons for the flawed activities of the nobility courts, as singled out by the author of the manuscript, and to discuss his suggestions, which were aimed at remedying this situation. The most important postulates of the judicial reform proposed by T. Rodziewicz were the following: general election of judges, introduction of the fixed terms of office for judges, extension of the areas of responsibility of judges, and collegial examination of cases. Some of these principles were implemented in the Four-Year Sejm.
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Alegre Martínez, Miguel Ángel. "Vigilando al vigilante: el Tribunal Constitucional y sus circunstancias = Guarding the guardian: The constitutional court and its circumstances." Revista Jurídica de la Universidad de León, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/rjule.v0i4.5289.
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<p>El escaso uso de los mecanismos de reforma constitucional ha hecho recaer sobre el Tribunal Constitucional, casi en exclusiva, la tarea de actualizar la Constitución española de 1978, a través de la interpretación evolutiva de la misma. En este trabajo, nos ocupamos, por una parte, de las dificultades a las que el Tribunal Constitucional ha tenido que enfrentarse en el desempeño de sus funciones; y, por otra, en el mayor o menor acierto en el ejercicio de las mismas. Reflexionamos sobre la delicada posición del Tribunal Constitucional, situado en el límite entre interpretar la voluntad del poder constituyente y sustituirla; así como en la frontera entre el activismo y la autocontención. Intentamos establecer la incidencia de algunas de sus decisiones sobre los problemas que afectan actualmente a nuestro sistema constitucional, en especial al Estado de las Autonomías.</p><p> </p><p>The limited use of the mechanisms of constitutional reform has made to rest on the Constitutional Court, almost exclusively, the task of updating the Spanish Constitution of 1978, through its evolutive interpretation. In this paper, we attend to, on the one hand, the difficulties to which the Constitutional Court has had to face in the development of its functions; and, on the other hand, the greater or lesser success in the exercise of the same. We reflect about the delicate position of the Constitutional Court, located on the border between interpreting the will of the constituent power or replace it; as well as on the border between activism or self-restraint. We are trying to establish the incidence of some of its decisions on the problems that currently affect our constitutional system, in particular to the State of Autonomies.</p>
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Ura, Elżbieta. "Zatrudnienie funkcjonariuszy w administracji celno-skarbowej po reformie." Studia z zakresu Prawa Pracy i Polityki Społecznej 28, no. 4 (2021): 243–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25444654spp.21.021.14263.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRAKT Employment of officers in customs and tax administration after the reform The article presents the legal regulations concerning the officers of the former Customs Service adopted by the legislator on the occasion of the reformed customs and tax administration and the establishment of the National Tax Administration. The institution of terminating the service relations of officers by law was introduced, as well as transforming the service relations into contractual relations as a result of offering the officer further work in the structures of this administration and accepting this proposal by him. Problems with interpreting these solutions were visible in the varied jurisprudence of administrative courts as well as common courts. In order to understand these difficulties, some of the justifications of the judgments have been presented more broadly. In line with these considerations, the thesis is justified that in recent years the legislator has increasingly resorted to this type of solutions and introduced institutions of termination of employment relations by law, and their cause is not “exceptional, special circumstances justified by the state system reform,” which was emphasized by the Constitutional Tribunal, only reforms related to organizational transformations in public administration. This is viewed as the means of replacing public administration staff.