Academic literature on the topic 'Tribunal reform'
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Journal articles on the topic "Tribunal reform"
1
Richardson, Barbara. "Employment tribunal reform." Nursing and Residential Care 4, no. 12 (December 2002): 592–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/nrec.2002.4.12.10882.
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Wood, Sir John. "Reform of the Mental Health Act 1983." British Journal of Psychiatry 162, no. 1 (January 1993): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.162.1.14.
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The title of this paper should not be taken to imply that the Mental Health Act tribunal system is not currently effective. There has been little serious criticism of the work of the tribunals, and they appear to have become accepted as a permanent aspect of the detention of patients. Some doctors appear to regard them as an irritation that distracts from the care of patients, and civil liberties pressure groups tend to question their real effectiveness. Careful, detailed studies have also tended to be critical, pointing out many defects that require attention. Peay (1989) has done some impressive research into the work of tribunals which must form the basis of any future reform. Cavidino (1989) has done a much wider study, but underpinned by a ‘theory’ which detracts from its value for tribunal members, and its treatment of tribunals is peripheral, and therefore superficial.
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Constantinesco, Vlad. "La reforma del Tribunal General de la Unión Europea." Teoría y Realidad Constitucional, no. 39 (January 1, 2017): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/trc.39.2017.19169.
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La reciente reforma del Tribunal General de la Unión Europea por parte del Reglamento 2015/2422 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo del 16 de noviembre de 2015 es digna de especial atención. Es susceptible de ser criticada desde diversos puntos de vista: al menos por la manera en la cual se condujo la reforma, su coste financiero, y finalmente la impresión que la reforma no llegara verdaderamente a alcanzar sus objetivos. Este artículo explica el alcance de la reforma y las diferentes críticas que cabe realizar a la misma.The recent reform of the General Court of the European Union by the 2015 regulation / 2422 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 November 2015 is worthy of special attention. It is likely to be criticized from various points of view: at least for the way in which led reform, financial cost, and finally the impression that reform did not come truly to achieve their goals. This article explains the scope of reform and various criticisms that can be performed to it.
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Tenorio Sánchez, Pedro Julio. "¿Qué fue del recurso de amparo ante el Tribunal Constitucional? // What has happen with amparo appeal before the Constitutional Court?" Revista de Derecho Político 1, no. 101 (April 28, 2018): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rdp.101.2018.21976.
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Resumen:El trabajo estudia la evolución y situación actual del recurso de amparo ante el Tribunal Constitucional. Parte de la base de que la cuestión consiste en analizar la aplicación y resultados de la reforma de la Ley Orgánica del Tribunal Constitucional que se realizó en 2007. La reforma se aplicó con algún titubeo inicialmente por parte del Tribunal Constitucional pero finalmente se ha llevado hasta las últimas consecuencias. Esto ha producido un resultado positivo, pues el Tribunal Constitucional está prácticamente al día, muy lejos de la situación de inviabilidad que se dibujaba cuando se concibió la reforma, es decir, en torno al año 2006. Pero la reforma sigue siendo criticada por haber disminuido las garantías del justiciable. Sin embargo, los datos que ofrece en sus Memorias el Tribunal Constitucional permiten constatar que la inmensa mayoría de los recursos se inadmiten por defectuoso planteamiento.El trabajo propone como mejoras el establecimiento de salas de amparo en los Tribunales Superiores de Justicia y en el Tribunal Supremo y el rigor en la exigencia de la invocación del derecho fundamental tan pronto como es vulnerado. Además, considera aconsejable que los abogados no se limiten a la invocación genérica del derecho fundamental, sino que expongan ante la jurisdicción ordinaria el embrión del posible recurso de amparo.Abstract:The article studies the evolution and the current situation of the amparo appeal before the Constitutional Court. The question is to analyze the application and results of the reform of the Constitutional Court Organization Act that was held in 2007. The reform was applied with some hesitation initially by the Constitutional Court but finally has been carried to the last consequences. This has produced a positive result, because the Constitutional Court is practically up to date, very far from the situation of unfeasibility that was drawn when the reform was conceived, that is to say, around the year 2006. But the reform continues being criticized for having diminished the guarantees of the defendant. However, the data that the Constitutional Court offers in its reports allow us to confirm that the vast majority of the appeals are inadmissible due to a defectiveapproach.The work proposes as improvements the establishment of amparo chambers in the Superior Courts of Justice and in the Supreme Court and the rigor in demanding the invocation of the fundamental right as soon as it is violated. In addition, it considers advisable that the lawyers expose before the ordinary jurisdiction the embryo of the possible resource of amparo. Summary:1. Introduction; 2. First period in the interpretation of the reform of 2007: from the promulgation of the law to the ECHR Judgment "Arribas Antón"; 3. Second period in the application of the reform of 2007: from the ECHR Judgment "Arribas Antón" to the present time; 4. Balance of the application of the reform of 2007 ten years after its promulgation; 5. Deception of the justiciables; 6. Possible improvements.
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Thomas, Robert. "Evaluating tribunal adjudication: administrative justice and asylum appeals." Legal Studies 25, no. 3 (September 2005): 462–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.2005.tb00679.x.
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This article examines the development, operation and reform of the tribunal system responsible for determining appeals against the refusal of refugee status by the Home Office. Consideration of this particular appellate system is situated within a broader discussion of the criteria and values against which tribunal adjudication systems may be evaluated, By examining asylum appeals, light is shed on the theory and practice of administrative justice with regard to: the problematic nature of ensuring accuracy in tribunal decision-making; the tensions under which appeal procedures operate; the importance of onward appeal rights; and the role of tribunals in policy implementation. The article argues that recent reform of the asylum appeal process, including the introduction of a single tier of appeal, the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal, by the Asylum and Immigration (Treatment of Claimants, etc) Act 2004 and restrictions on legal aid, has been motivated by political considerations and may increase the dificulties in operating an effective appeal process.
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Gunasekara, Gehan, and Niveet Singh. "Upping the Ante: New Actors and the Evolving Nature of Privacy Act Jurisprudence in New Zealand." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 48, no. 3 (November 1, 2017): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v48i3.4733.
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This article examines emerging trends in New Zealand's Privacy Act 1993 (the Act) litigation emanating from the Human Rights Review Tribunal (the Tribunal), which adjudicates cases brought under the Act. The Tribunal can award a range of remedies including damages, injunctions and declarations but in recent years it has also developed other remedies, such as training orders, aimed at remedying systemic privacy failures within agencies. The legitimacy of these is assessed against the backdrop of legislative lethargy in implementing parallel recommendations for law reform aimed at similar mischiefs. The article surveys all cases brought before the Tribunal (in its privacy jurisdiction) over a ten-year period from 2007 until 2016 inclusive. Brief comparison is made with Tribunal awards for discrimination under its non-privacy jurisdiction. The article also examines the reasons for a significant increase in the average amount of damages in recent years, especially in the Tribunals' privacy jurisdiction. Contributing factors to this include the changing nature of the types of dispute and the defendants involved as well as the discretion afforded to the Tribunal. Whilst the Tribunal has significantly modified its approach, other significant influences have included a recent increase in the number of private sector defendants. The Tribunal's substantive jurisprudence as to the nature of the obligations contained in the Act's privacy principles has also continued to evolve thereby vindicating New Zealand's principles-based data privacy regime.
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Villaverde Menéndez, Ignacio. "Cumplir o ejecutar. La ejecución de sentencias del Tribunal Constitucional y su reciente reforma." Teoría y Realidad Constitucional, no. 38 (July 1, 2016): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/trc.38.2016.18616.
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Este artículo analiza la reciente reforma de la Ley Orgánica del Tribunal Constitucional (LOTC) para reforzar los poderes de ejecución de sus resoluciones. Examina el origen de la reforma, su contenido, el procedimiento de ejecución y la doctrina del Tribunal Constitucional sobre la materia. Igualmente se analiza el Auto del Tribunal Constitucional 141/2016 en el que el Tribunal ha tenido la primera ocasión de aplicar el artículo 92 LOTC tras su reforma. La tesis del autor es que la reforma de la LOTC ha precisado y mejorado el procedimiento de ejecución de sus resoluciones, dotando al TC de poderes concretos dirigidos a asegurar su cumplimiento por los poderes públicos y los particulares. No obstante, el autor llama la atención sobre las dudas de constitucionalidad que suscitan alguna de las medidas de ejecución establecidas en el artículo 92 LOTC, como la suspensión temporal de cargos públicos en órganos constitucionales o autonómicos.This article analyzes the recent reform of the Organic Law of the Constitutional Court (LOTC) to strengthen the enforcement powers of the resolutions by the Constitutional Court. The author examines the origin of the reform, its content, the enforcement procedure and the doctrine of the Constitutional Court on the matter. Likewise, the Resolution of the Constitutional Court 141/2016 in which the Court has had the first opportunity to apply Article 92 LOTC after its reform. The author’s thesis is that the reform has clarified and improved LOTC enforcement proceedings TC resolutions, providing the TC specific powers to ensure compliance its resolutions by public authorities and individuals. However, the author draws attention to the questions of constitutionality which raise some of the implementing measures provided for in Article 92 LOTC as the temporary suspension of public office in constitutional or regional public Institutions.
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Sossin, Lorne. "DESIGNING ADMINISTRATIVE JUSTICE." Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 34, no. 1 (December 5, 2017): 87–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/wyaj.v34i1.5007.
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This article explores the adaptation of design thinking to administrative justice. The human centred design perspective has been missing from most debates surrounding the design and reform of administrative tribunals in Canada. As a result, the author asserts that the administrative justice system in Canada at all levels of government (federal, provincial, municipal, and Indigenous) is generally fragmented, poorly coordinated, and under-resourced in relation to the needs of its users and has multiple barriers of entry.
This article is divided into two parts. The first part reviews the development of design thinking in the context of legal services and legal organizations. The second part explores the implications of this development for administrative justice, particularly in the context of the establishment of new tribunals. Several examples of tribunal reform are examined from a design thinking perspective. By way of conclusion, the author suggests the criteria that should be applied to evaluate the design of a new administrative tribunal.
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Adler, Michael. "The slow road to tribunal reform." Benefits: A Journal of Poverty and Social Justice 12, no. 1 (February 2004): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.51952/ciec5393.
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In March 2003 the Lord Chancellor announced that the government had accepted the main thrust of the Leggatt Review and that it had decided to establish a single tribunal service, which would be independent of ‘sponsoring departments’ and accountable to the Lord Chancellor’s Department (now the Department for Constitutional Affairs). This article describes the thinking that informed two of the main proposals in the Leggatt Review, analyses the responses to these proposals of six stakeholders in the field of social security that are on the record and, in the regrettable absence of hard evidence, seeks to identify what the concerns of the Department for Work and Pensions, the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, and the Department for Education and Skills must have been and to contrast the effectiveness with which these departments managed to pursue them. It compares the government’s piecemeal approach to reform with the comprehensive approach advocated in the Leggatt Review and concludes by discussing the implications of the establishment of the new tribunal service for social security.
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Hickinbottom, Justice. "Tribunal Reform: A New Coherent System." Judicial Review 15, no. 2 (June 2010): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10854681.2010.11426639.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Tribunal reform"
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Bacon, Rachel. "Amalgamating tribunals: a recipe for optimal reform." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/621.
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The last decade has seen numerous proposals to reform existing tribunal systems in jurisdictions throughout the common law world. Across the board, there have been proposals to adopt generalist tribunal models in preference to smaller, specialist tribunal systems, and to achieve these changes through the process of amalgamation. The most significant recent developments to occur in Australia have taken place in Victoria and NSW during the past five years. Legislators in these States have chosen to amalgamate a number of smaller, specialist tribunals into larger, generalist bodies. In 1997 the NSW Parliament passed legislation amalgamating a number of specialist tribunals to create the Administrative Decisions Tribunal (ADT); comparable legislation was passed in Victoria in 1998 to create the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal (VCAT). There were concurrent attempts to implement similar reforms at federal level. In 1998 the Commonwealth government announced its intention to amalgamate four Commonwealth merits review tribunals to form one �super Tribunal� � the Administrative Review Tribunal (ART). The Bills containing these proposals were ultimately defeated in the Senate, however the Australian Government remains convinced of the benefits of amalgamation at federal level. Similar reforms have been proposed in Western Australia, Tasmania and the United Kingdom. This thesis argues that these reforms are taking place in the absence of data about their likely implications, and without a thorough understanding of the objectives that generalist versus specialist tribunal systems can realistically achieve. This ill-considered or �over-hasty� trend towards amalgamation raises a number of questions which have not previously been addressed in academic or policy-making circles. An obvious question is whether or not an amalgamated tribunal model is more effective than a series of smaller, specialised tribunals in delivering administrative justice, in other words, whether there is any net gain to be had from a government�s decision to amalgamate. The less explored, but equally important, question addressed in this thesis is how the process of amalgamation should be approached in order to realise the maximum potential benefits that an amalgamated tribunal can bring. That is, to ask what are the ingredients of an optimal amalgamation. This is not a question about whether government decisions to pursue amalgamation are intrinsically worthwhile or beneficial for stakeholders. Rather, it is about how government decisions to amalgamate should best be implemented. This thesis proposes a way of differentiating between good and bad amalgamations, that is grounded in theory and informed by experience to date. The proposed approach is to assess the effectiveness of amalgamation processes using relevant measures drawn from an analysis of organisational theory literature: � Legislation � the legislation establishing an amalgamated tribunal needs to ensure the tribunal will have appropriate independence, powers, processes, membership and structure. � Political commitment � those responsible for proposing and planning an amalgamation need to provide appropriate funding and support for the process and for the establishment of an autonomous, self-directed tribunal. � Organisational structure � the structures put in place need to be appropriate, integrated and flexible, and should promote cohesion and interaction. � Process and procedure � the processes and procedures adopted in an amalgamated tribunal need to capitalise upon the opportunities provided by amalgamation, as well as being appropriate, efficient and able to balance the needs of a range of stakeholders. � Organisational culture � an organisational culture which counters natural tendencies towards disjunction will assist members and staff to identify with a newly amalgamated tribunal and to implement initiatives that will improve its performance. � Leadership � effective leadership plays an important role in ensuring a smooth transition from specialist to amalgamated tribunal, and engendering commitment from members and staff. Broadly speaking, these factors fall into the four categories of law, context, organisation and people. It is argued that attention must be paid to all four of these ingredients in order to achieve optimal tribunal reform. The thesis tests this proposition by examining the three most advanced tribunal amalgamations so far, namely, the Commonwealth ART, the NSW ADT and VCAT in Victoria. It is argued that the fate of the Commonwealth ART proposal proves the importance of a solid, generally endorsed legislative foundation in creating a viable amalgamated tribunal. The importance of context, organisation and people is borne out by qualitative research into the amalgamation experiences in NSW and Victoria. The fact that the NSW and Victorian governments decided to pursue policies of amalgamation at the same time provided a unique opportunity to compare the success or otherwise of two concurrent attempts at amalgamation in different jurisdictions. This thesis finds that the unfavourable political context in NSW prevented the ADT from realising its potential. In contrast, the VCAT experience highlights the benefits of paying careful attention to the wide range of factors that can contribute to a successful amalgamation. Of most relevance are the initial scale of an amalgamation, the political �will� behind its implementation, the appointment of a core of full-time members, and the creation of an open institutional culture which facilitates the sharing of information. In short, the thesis concludes that the successful construction and consolidation of a tribunal post-amalgamation requires that the necessary ingredients of optimal tribunal reform � legislation, context, organisation and people � are thoughtfully addressed.
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Bacon, Rachel. "Amalgamating tribunals a recipe for optimal reform /." University of Sydney. Law, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/621.
Full textAbstract:
The last decade has seen numerous proposals to reform existing tribunal systems in jurisdictions throughout the common law world. Across the board, there have been proposals to adopt generalist tribunal models in preference to smaller, specialist tribunal systems, and to achieve these changes through the process of amalgamation. The most significant recent developments to occur in Australia have taken place in Victoria and NSW during the past five years. Legislators in these States have chosen to amalgamate a number of smaller, specialist tribunals into larger, generalist bodies. In 1997 the NSW Parliament passed legislation amalgamating a number of specialist tribunals to create the Administrative Decisions Tribunal (ADT); comparable legislation was passed in Victoria in 1998 to create the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal (VCAT). There were concurrent attempts to implement similar reforms at federal level. In 1998 the Commonwealth government announced its intention to amalgamate four Commonwealth merits review tribunals to form one �super Tribunal� � the Administrative Review Tribunal (ART). The Bills containing these proposals were ultimately defeated in the Senate, however the Australian Government remains convinced of the benefits of amalgamation at federal level. Similar reforms have been proposed in Western Australia, Tasmania and the United Kingdom. This thesis argues that these reforms are taking place in the absence of data about their likely implications, and without a thorough understanding of the objectives that generalist versus specialist tribunal systems can realistically achieve. This ill-considered or �over-hasty� trend towards amalgamation raises a number of questions which have not previously been addressed in academic or policy-making circles. An obvious question is whether or not an amalgamated tribunal model is more effective than a series of smaller, specialised tribunals in delivering administrative justice, in other words, whether there is any net gain to be had from a government�s decision to amalgamate. The less explored, but equally important, question addressed in this thesis is how the process of amalgamation should be approached in order to realise the maximum potential benefits that an amalgamated tribunal can bring. That is, to ask what are the ingredients of an optimal amalgamation. This is not a question about whether government decisions to pursue amalgamation are intrinsically worthwhile or beneficial for stakeholders. Rather, it is about how government decisions to amalgamate should best be implemented. This thesis proposes a way of differentiating between good and bad amalgamations, that is grounded in theory and informed by experience to date. The proposed approach is to assess the effectiveness of amalgamation processes using relevant measures drawn from an analysis of organisational theory literature: � Legislation � the legislation establishing an amalgamated tribunal needs to ensure the tribunal will have appropriate independence, powers, processes, membership and structure. � Political commitment � those responsible for proposing and planning an amalgamation need to provide appropriate funding and support for the process and for the establishment of an autonomous, self-directed tribunal. � Organisational structure � the structures put in place need to be appropriate, integrated and flexible, and should promote cohesion and interaction. � Process and procedure � the processes and procedures adopted in an amalgamated tribunal need to capitalise upon the opportunities provided by amalgamation, as well as being appropriate, efficient and able to balance the needs of a range of stakeholders. � Organisational culture � an organisational culture which counters natural tendencies towards disjunction will assist members and staff to identify with a newly amalgamated tribunal and to implement initiatives that will improve its performance. � Leadership � effective leadership plays an important role in ensuring a smooth transition from specialist to amalgamated tribunal, and engendering commitment from members and staff. Broadly speaking, these factors fall into the four categories of law, context, organisation and people. It is argued that attention must be paid to all four of these ingredients in order to achieve optimal tribunal reform. The thesis tests this proposition by examining the three most advanced tribunal amalgamations so far, namely, the Commonwealth ART, the NSW ADT and VCAT in Victoria. It is argued that the fate of the Commonwealth ART proposal proves the importance of a solid, generally endorsed legislative foundation in creating a viable amalgamated tribunal. The importance of context, organisation and people is borne out by qualitative research into the amalgamation experiences in NSW and Victoria. The fact that the NSW and Victorian governments decided to pursue policies of amalgamation at the same time provided a unique opportunity to compare the success or otherwise of two concurrent attempts at amalgamation in different jurisdictions. This thesis finds that the unfavourable political context in NSW prevented the ADT from realising its potential. In contrast, the VCAT experience highlights the benefits of paying careful attention to the wide range of factors that can contribute to a successful amalgamation. Of most relevance are the initial scale of an amalgamation, the political �will� behind its implementation, the appointment of a core of full-time members, and the creation of an open institutional culture which facilitates the sharing of information. In short, the thesis concludes that the successful construction and consolidation of a tribunal post-amalgamation requires that the necessary ingredients of optimal tribunal reform � legislation, context, organisation and people � are thoughtfully addressed.
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Freitas, Lígia Barros de. "A consolidação institucional do Tribunal Superior do Trabalho (TST) na longa Constituinte (1987-2004)." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/952.
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Previous issue date: 2012-05-29Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
The objective of this thesis is to analyze the political performance of the Superior Labor Court (TST) and the Legislative Power in the context of changes to the Labor Law between 1987 and 2004. To reach this objective, we analyze the internal procedure of TST, classify the institutional changes factors responsible for altering the political performance of the TST in the course of the constituent process in the Constituent Assembly (ANC) during the 1987/1988 period, as well as in the constituent reform process in the Judiciary Power Reform (which gave rise to the Constitutional Amendment 24/1999 and Constitutional Amendment 45/2004). Likewise, these aspects of institutional change generated changes in the direction of jurisprudence and the policy of judiciary organization of the TST. In the ANC of 1987/1988, the political performance of the TST, which did not represent the Labor Court, returned to the constitutional articles of its structure and expertise, and attained little public visibility. In the Judiciary Power Reform, the TST started to participate in public hearings, increasing its public visibility and legitimizing itself as an outlet to represent the Labor Court when facing other powers, as well as about human rights issues related to employment. Therefore, this research reflects the support of the legislative model of labor relations in Brazil in the institutional consolidation process of the TST.
O principal objetivo da tese foi analisar a atuação política do Tribunal Superior do Trabalho (TST), junto ao Poder Legislativo, na alteração do Direito do Trabalho, entre 1987 a 2004. Para tanto, analisamos o funcionamento interno do TST, classificando os fatores de mudanças institucionais, responsáveis pela alteração de atuação política do TST, durante o processo constituinte da Assembléia Nacional Constituinte (ANC) de 1987/88 e no processo de reforma constitucional da Reforma do Poder Judiciário (que originou a Emenda Constitucional 24/1999 e Emenda Constitucional de 45/2004). Igualmente, esses fatores de mudanças institucionais provocaram alterações no direcionamento da jurisprudência e da política de organização judiciária do TST. Na ANC de 1987/88 a atuação política do TST, que não representava a Justiça do Trabalho, voltou-se para os artigos constitucionais sobre sua estrutura e competência e ganhou pouca visibilidade pública. Na Reforma do Poder Judiciário, o TST passou a participar de audiências públicas, ganhou maior visibilidade pública e legitimou-se como um dos porta-vozes para falar em nome da Justiça do Trabalho perante outros poderes, bem como sobre temas de direitos humanos relacionados com o trabalho. Com isso, o estudo apresenta o processo de consolidação institucional do TST e como o mesmo reforça o modelo legislado de relação do trabalho no Brasil.
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Trouille, Helen L. "Rights, responsibilities and reform : a study of French justice (1990-2016)." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/16020.
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The principal questions addressed in this portfolio of eleven publications concern the reforms to French justice at the end of the twentieth and beginning of the twenty-first centuries. The portfolio is accompanied by a supporting statement explaining the genesis and chronology of the portfolio, its originality and the nature of the submission's distinct contribution to knowledge. The thesis questions whether the reforms protect the rights of the defence adequately. It considers how the French state views its responsibility to key figures in criminal justice, be they suspected and convicted criminals, the victims of offences or the professionals who are prosecuting the offences. It reflects upon the role of the examining magistrate, the delicate relationship between justice, politics and the media, breaches of confidentiality and the catastrophic conditions in which suspects and prisoners are detained in French prisons. It then extends its scope to a case study of the prosecution of violent crimes before the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, and discovers significant flaws in procedures even at international levels. In concluding, it asks whether, given the challenges facing the French criminal justice system, French courts are adequately equipped to assure justice when suspects charged with the most serious international crimes appear before them under the principle of universal jurisdiction. The research, carried out over a number of years, relies predominantly on an analysis of French-language sources and represents a unique contribution to the understanding and knowledge of French justice for an English-speaking public at the turn of the twenty-first century.
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Lima, Daniella Munhoz da Costa. "A cultura organizacional do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado da Bahia: uma abordagem baseada nas contribuições de autores do pensamento social brasileiro." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/11447.
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This work had the objective of analyzing the organizational culture of the State of Bahia’s Tribunal of Justice(TJBA), from a perspective that considered the possibilities to utilize authors of brazilian social thinking – represented in this study by Sergio Buarque de Holanda, Raymundo Faoro, Darcy Ribeiro and Celso Furtado. The culture theme has been receiving, in the last decades, relative attention in the area of organizational studies. Despite the attention received, it is possible to perceive gaps in academic production about the theme on the attention paid to the national context and to the institutions of the public sector, especially on what refers to the Judictiary Power. In this sense, this work has analyzed the national academic production on brazilian organizational culture in the last twenty years and seekes to identify possibilities to utilize the authors of brazilian social thinking in an organizational culture approach that considered the national context. In the data collection stage, were made thirty-seven semi-structured interviews with employees of the TJBA, in the period from february to july of 2013. The data corpus’ analysis was made with the method of content analysis, with the help of the software ATLAS.ti. The data analysis pointed towards possibilities to utilize the ideas of authors of brazilian social thinking in the study of organizational culture, mainly in the identification of the influence of cultural traces in the workers’ values and social practices. The analysis also indicated an absence of elements based on managerialist values in this institution’s organizational culture, seeking to provoke a reflection on the reach and adequation of the reform model adopted by the Judictiary Power. For contribution, this thesis has seeked to realize a mapping of TJBA’s organizational culture, creating an empiric contribution to the deepening of knowledge on the Judictiary Power on the aspect of organizational universe and to the studies that utilize brazilian social thinking, that has mostly been consisting of theoretical essays.
O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de identificar os elementos da cultura organizacional do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado da Bahia (TJBA) à luz das contribuições de autores do pensamento social brasileiro - representados neste estudo por Sergio Buarque de Holanda, Raymundo Faoro, Darcy Ribeiro e Celso Furtado. O tema cultura tem recebido, nas últimas décadas, relativa atenção na área de estudos organizacionais. Apesar da atenção recebida, é possível perceber lacunas na produção acadêmica sobre o tema quanto à atenção dispensada ao contexto nacional e às instituições do setor público, especialmente no que se refere ao Poder Judiciário. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho analisou a produção acadêmica nacional sobre cultura organizacional brasileira nos últimos vinte anos e buscou identificar possibilidades de utilização dos autores do pensamento social brasileiro numa abordagem de cultura organizacional que considerasse o contexto nacional. Na etapa de coleta de dados, foram realizadas trinta e sete entrevistas semiestruturadas com servidores do TJBA, no período de fevereiro a julho de 2013. A análise do corpus de dados foi feita pelo método de análise de conteúdo, com auxilio do software ATLAS.ti. A análise dos dados apontou para possibilidades de utilização das ideias dos autores do pensamento social brasileiro no estudo da cultura organizacional, principalmente na identificação da influência dos traços culturais nos valores e práticas sociais dos servidores. A análise apontou também para uma ausência de elementos baseados em valores gerencialistas na cultura organizacional desta instituição, buscando provocar uma reflexão sobre o alcance e a adequação do modelo de reforma adotado no Judiciário. Como contribuição, esta tese buscou realizar um mapeamento da cultura organizacional do TJBA, gerando uma contribuição empírica para um aprofundamento do conhecimento do Poder Judiciário sob o aspecto de universo organizacional e para os estudos que utilizam o pensamento social brasileiro, que em sua maioria têm se tratado de ensaios teóricos.
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Lopez, Bancalari Ximena. "Le nouveau contentieux de la fonction publique de l'Union européenne : une illustration de la spécialisation juridictionnelle." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01D034.
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La création d’une juridiction spécialisée du contentieux de la fonction publique, le Tribunal de la fonction publique, devait permettre de rationaliser le traitement du contentieux qui avait le plus encombré le prétoire du juge en raison du grand nombre de recours introduits. Une nouvelle architecture juridictionnelle de la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne, composée de trois degrés de juridiction, devait résulter du Traité de Nice qui, en 2000, prévit la possibilité des créer des chambres spécialisées (plus tard appelés tribunaux spécialisés par le Traité de Lisbonne) dans certains types de contentieux. Douze ans plus tard, la Cour de justice connait un véritable bouleversement dont la réforme du Tribunal de l’Union et la disparition de la juridiction spécialisée sont les éléments les plus emblématiques. De même, le prétoire du juge de l’Union n’a jamais été autant sollicité, si bien que la juridiction de l’Union doit innover en adaptant son organisation interne ainsi que ses méthodes de travail. A travers l’expérience de la spécialisation juridictionnelle, une nouvelle organisation juridictionnelle, de nouvelles règles procédurales adaptées au traitement de ce contentieux ainsi que des méthodes de travail ont été « testées » et ont donné des résultats concluants. De plus, le juge spécialisé a œuvré à une meilleure protection des droits des fonctionnaires et agents de l’Union. Cet « héritage » devrait servir de socle de réflexion à l’heure d’envisager une forme de spécialisation de la juridiction généraliste de l’Union vers laquelle elle devrait s’orienter. La présente thèse a pour but de contribuer au débat relatif à la spécialisation du système juridictionnel de l’Union européenneThe creation of a specialised court dedicated to EU staff cases, the Civil Service Tribunal (CST), was intended to tackle the large increase in caseload at the same time as bringing specific judicial expertise to bear on this field. Twelve years later, the EU Court system is undergoing a veritable structural upheaval of which the reform of the General Court and the abolition of the CST are the most emblematic elements. The three-level system of judicial control advocated by the Treaty of Nice, which foresaw the establishment of specialised chambers (later called secialised tribunals by the Treaty of Lisbon) and provided a legal basis for the establishment, in 2005, of the CST was effectively set aside by this process of reform. However, the General Court, in its new guise, now itself faces a substantial challenge of specialisation in its own right. In meeting that challenge, it will inevitably draw on the experience of the only specialised tribunal yet to have been established at EU level. The CST’s separate procedural framework, its structure, composition and functioning will once again come under the microscope as thought is given as to the lessons to be drawn from the decade of experience of this court and its handling of civil service litigation. This thesis seeks to contribute to the continuing debate about specialised courts or specialisation in general in the EU Court system
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Blume, Fontini Ernesto. "Propuestas para la reforma del Tribunal Constitucional." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2003. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/96318.
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Bustamante, Belaúnde Alberto. "Reforma agraria peruana. ¿Una nueva ideología jurídica?" Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116117.
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Lino, André Feliciano. "Reforma da contabilidade pública e os tribunais de contas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96133/tde-06102015-163641/.
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A presente pesquisa discute a legitimação da autoridade de normatização da contabilidade aplicada ao setor público para a Secretária do Tesouro Nacional (STN), a atuação dos Tribunais de Contas no processo de convergência às International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) e a preparação para a atuação com Auditoria Financeira em municípios. A convergência para normas internacionais de contabilidade levou ao questionamento da autoridade na regulação contábil aplicada ao setor público em meados de 2009, e passou a demandar a estruturação da função de Auditoria Financeira no nível sub-nacional, dada a necessidade de consolidação do Balanço do Setor Público Nacional (BSPN) e a expectativa de melhoria do grau de accountability. Procedeu-se análise documental e foram realizadas 25 entrevistas com atores chave. A resposta dos diversos Tribunais de Contas quanto ao processo de Auditoria Financeira tem sido incentivar a criação de Controles Internos nos municípiosThis research discusses the legitimation of authority on accounting standardization applied to the public sector to the Treasury (STN), the role of Courts of Accounts in the process of convergence with International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) and the preparation for the acting with Financial Audit on municipalities. The convergence with international accounting standards led to the questioning of the authority on the accounting regulation applied to the public sector in mid-2009, and went on to demand the structuring of the Financial Audit function in the sub-national level, given the need to consolidate the Whole of Government Acounts (BSPN) and the expectation of improving the level of accountability. Proceeded to documental analysis and were carried out 25 interviews with key actors from the reform process. The response of the various Courts of Accounts on the financial audit process has been encouraging the creation of Internal Control in municipalities
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Cancino, Concha Felipe Hernán, and Angulo Harold Fabián Correa. "El Tribunal Constitucional y las reformas constitucionales de la Ley No. 20.050." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/111481.
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Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales)Hoy existe un amplio consenso en que la fuerza normativa y la supremacía de la Constitución requieren ser salvaguardadas institucionalmente, como una forma de garantizar los derechos fundamentales. La jurisdicción constitucional es el ámbito donde se ejerce su defensa y se cautela el cumplimiento de sus disposiciones, que tiene por objeto primordial limitar a través de normas constitucionales el poder de los gobiernos. Estas normas se traducen en procedimientos e instituciones dotadas de las herramientas necesarias para ejercer con eficacia el control jurisdiccional de constitucionalidad respecto tanto de los órganos estatales como de particulares.
Books on the topic "Tribunal reform"
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Alvarez, Raúl Moscoso. Apología del Tribunal de Garantías Constitucionales. [Quito, Ecuador: Fundación Ecuatoriana de Estudios Sociales, 1993.
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Ison, Terence George. The administrative appeals tribunal of Australia: A study paper prepared for the Law Reform Commission of Canada. Ottawa, Canada: Law Reform Commission of Canada, 1989.
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Mendoza, Fernando Oblitas. Notas sobre reformas judiciales y constitucionales: Tribunal constitucional, conseljo de judicatura, el defensor del pueblo, pentágono de poderes ... La Paz, Bolivia: Producciones CIMA, 1997.
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Council, Vanuatu National Cultural, ed. Report of the National Review of the Customary Land Tribunal Program in Vanuatu. Port Vila, Vanuatu: Vanuatu National Cultural Council, 2005.
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Young, Stuart R. G. The lands tribunal for Scotland: Market failure and the 1970 Conveyancing and Feudal Reform (Scotland) Act. London: Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, 1990.
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Copyright Royalty Tribunal Reform and Miscellaneous Pay Act of 1990: Report (to accompany S. 1272 and H.R. 3046). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Copyright Royalty Tribunal Reform Act of 1993: Report (to accompany H.R. 2840) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1993.
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Judiciary, United States Congress House Committee on the. Copyright Reform Act of 1993: Report, to accompany H.R. 897 (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1993.
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Judiciary, United States Congress House Committee on the. Copyright Royalty Tribunal Reform and Miscellaneous Pay Act of 1989: Report (to accompany H.R. 3046) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1989.
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United, States Congress House Committee on the Judiciary Subcommittee on Courts Civil Liberties and the Administration of Justice. CRT reform and compulsory licenses: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Courts, Civil Liberties, and the Administration of Justice of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, first session on H.R. 2752 and H.R. 2784... June 19, July 11, September 18, and October 3, 1985. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Tribunal reform"
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Klinghoffer, Arthur Jay, and Judith Apter Klinghoffer. "Agenda for Reform." In International Citizens’ Tribunals, 187–94. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780312299163_16.
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Bjorklund, Andrea K., Susan D. Franck, C. Ignacio SuáRez Anzorena, Jan Paulsson, and Alejandro A. Escobar. "ICSID and Other Investment Arbitration Tribunals: Is There a Need for Judicial Oversight or Other Reforms?" In International Institutional Reform, 274–315. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-673-2_11.
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Hestermeyer, Holger. "Where Unity Is at Risk: When International Tribunals Proliferate." In International Law Today: New Challenges and the Need for Reform?, 123–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75205-9_6.
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Matz-Lück, Nele. "Promoting the Unity of International Law: Standard-Setting by International Tribunals." In International Law Today: New Challenges and the Need for Reform?, 99–121. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75205-9_5.
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Pauciulo, Domenico. "Provisional Measures in ICSID Arbitration Proceedings: Between the Current Legal Framework and the Proposed Reform." In Provisional Measures Issued by International Courts and Tribunals, 319–64. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-411-2_15.
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Kaczorowska-Ireland, Alina, and Westmin R. A. James. "Does Article 214 RTC impose a duty on national courts and tribunals to refer to the CCJ?" In Commonwealth Caribbean Law and Procedure, 48–87. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429322761-3.
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Rendle, Matthew. "Creating Revolutionary Justice." In The State versus the People, 22–59. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198840428.003.0002.
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The first chapter provides the foundation for the rest of the book by charting the establishment of revolutionary justice. Although the Bolsheviks had a clear sense of the role of law in society and a clear desire to oversee legal reform, they did not have a coherent plan on exactly what they would do. Consequently, the new system emerged steadily through the year after October with the development of tribunals shaped by the Bolsheviks’ experiences of early trials and the intensifying civil war. This chapter examines the decrees that outlined the official role of tribunals, explores the experiences of the early trials, and looks at how tribunals started to operate in practice, both nationally and locally. It examines various reforms of the tribunal system and various types of tribunals, including press tribunals, provincial tribunals, and the Supreme Tribunal. From the start, tribunals were pitted against the secret police, the Cheka, and this too shaped how tribunals took shape. By late 1918, however, tribunals were firmly in place, with a structure that only changed minimally thereafter and a distinct role alongside the Cheka.
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Parpworth, Neil. "16. Tribunals, inquiries, and the ombudsmen remedy." In Constitutional and Administrative Law, 369–404. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198847120.003.0016.
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This chapter begins by distinguishing between tribunals and inquiries. A tribunal is a permanent body that sits periodically, while an inquiry is something which is established on an ad hoc basis. Tribunals are empowered to make decisions that are binding on those parties subject to their jurisdiction; inquiries generally do not have formal decision-making powers. Tribunals are concerned with matters of fact and law, whereas inquiries are concerned with wider policy issues. The discussion then turns to the reform of the tribunal system; the former Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council; the origins of ombudsmen; the Parliamentary Commissioner; ombudsmen of devolved institutions; the Health Service Commissioner; the Local Government Commissioners; ombudsmen and the courts; and proposals for a unified Public Service Ombudsman service.
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Parpworth, Neil. "16. Tribunals, inquiries, and the ombudsmen remedy." In Constitutional and Administrative Law, 376–412. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780192856579.003.0016.
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This chapter begins by distinguishing between tribunals and inquiries. A tribunal is a permanent body that sits periodically, while an inquiry is something which is established on an ad hoc basis. Tribunals are empowered to make decisions that are binding on those parties subject to their jurisdiction; inquiries generally do not have formal decision-making powers. Tribunals are concerned with matters of fact and law, whereas inquiries are concerned with wider policy issues. The discussion then turns to the reform of the tribunal system; the former Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council; the origins of ombudsmen; the Parliamentary Commissioner; ombudsmen of devolved institutions; the Health Service Commissioner; the Local Government Commissioners; ombudsmen and the courts; and proposals for a unified Public Service Ombudsman service.
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Otto, Dianne. "Is International Criminal Law Particularly Impervious to Feminist Reconstruction?" In Gender and International Criminal Law, 387—C15.N1. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198871583.003.0016.
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Abstract This chapter focuses on the many resistances to feminist judging in international criminal law (ICL) courts and tribunals. The author canvases the history of feminism and criminal law, referencing a number of cautionary critiques and their resonance with feminist reform efforts in ICL. The chapter then examines the responses to feminist interventions by judges in three cases, from the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), and the International Criminal Court (ICC), highlighting the corrosive charges of judicial activism and lack of impartiality that they have elicited. Finally, the author addresses critiques of judicial methods and procedures enacted by several non-governmental organization (NGO)-organized women’s tribunals, which nevertheless remain hopeful about enhanced legal justice in the present. This chapter attempts to highlight the conflict between ICL and feminism, while also recognizing that feminist engagement with ICL remains necessary because of law’s power to shape our realities.
Conference papers on the topic "Tribunal reform"
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Sant’Ana Ribeiro, Laiana. "A MIOPIA DOS TRIBUNAIS E A SUBVERSÃO DA VEDAÇÃO À REFORMA PARA PIOR." In I Congresso de Direito e Democracia. ,: Even3, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/icdded2019.227041.
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Da Silva, Luiz Sérgio P., Renata Teles Moreira, and Alexandre M. L. De Vasconcelos. "Análise Qualitativa da Aderência entre a Instrução Normativa IN/SLTI/MPOG 04/2014 e os Modelos CMMI." In XII Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas de Informação. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbsi.2016.5956.
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Diversas iniciativas têm surgido na busca da melhoria de processos de software e serviços nos últimos anos. Essas iniciativas são orientadas por Normas, Modelos e Padrões de Qualidade, tendo como objetivo estabelecer melhores práticas para orientar a definição de processos e apoiar a avaliação da maturidade e capacidade das organizações. Apesar destas iniciativas, quando o assunto refere-se ao processo de contratação de soluções de tecnologia da informação (TI) pela Administração Pública Federal (APF), principal contratante de software e serviços no Brasil, a aplicação de melhores práticas em organizações públicas brasileiras encontra diversos obstáculos. Dentre estes, destacam-se: a complexidade dos processos e a contínua fiscalização dos órgãos de controle. Para minimizar esses obstáculos, o Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU), recomendou a elaboração da Instrução Normativa SLTI/MPOG 04/2014, contendo diretrizes para o processo de contratação de Soluções de TI e o Guia de Contratação de Soluções de TI (GCSTI). Este trabalho visa identificar a maturidade e a aderência do GCSTI em relação aos Modelos CMMI. Para isto, foi realizado um mapeamento entre o Guia GCSTI e os modelos CMMI-ACQ, CMMI-DEV e CMMI-SVC.
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Silva,, Luiz, Renata Moreira, and Suzana Sampaio. "Uma Estratégia para Mapear os Processos de Contratação de Soluções de TI da IN/SLTI/MPOG 04/2014 da Administração Pública Federal Brasileira com Base na Constelação CMMI." In XIII Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas de Informação. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbsi.2017.6058.
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Iniciativas têm surgido na busca da melhoria de processos de software e serviços nos últimos anos. Essas iniciativas são orientadas por Normas, Modelos e Padrões de Qualidade, tendo como objetivo estabelecer melhores práticas para orientar a definição de processos e apoiar a avaliação da maturidade e capacidade das organizações. Apesar do surgimento destas iniciativas, quando o assunto refere-se ao processo de contratação de soluções de tecnologia da informação (TI) pela Administração Pública Federal (APF), principal contratante de software e serviços no Brasil, a aplicação de melhores práticas em organizações públicas brasileiras encontra diversos obstáculos. Dentre estes, destacam-se: a complexidade dos processos e a contínua fiscalização dos órgãos de controle. Para minimizar esses obstáculos, o Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU), recomendou a elaboração da Instrução Normativa SLTI/MPOG 04/2014, contendo diretrizes para o processo de contratação de Soluções de TI, apoiado pelo Guia de Contratação de Soluções de TI (GCSTI). Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar a maturidade e a aderência do GCSTI em relação aos Modelos CMMI-ACQ, CMMI-DEV e CMMI-SVC. Para isto, foi utilizado como estratégia, um mapeamento, tendo como resultados a aderência dos processos do GCSTI da APF e os Modelos CMMI.
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Mango, Felizberto Alberto, and Mutaro Seidi. "Do anonimato ao conhecimento público: As políticas comunicacionais do Tribunal de Contas da Guiné-Bissau durante as últimas reformas da instituição de controle financeiro do país (2016-2020)." In Anais do Encontro Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa do Campo de Públicas. Recife, Brasil: Even3, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/143368.4-15.
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Arner Güerre, Asunción. "La tributación de los rendimientos de actividades económicas en el IRPF." In IX Jornadas Castellano-Leonesas de Ciencia Regional. Universidad de León, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/jclcreg/v0i1.
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La tributación de los rendimientos de actividades económicas (RAE) en el IRPF, además de por la gran crisis económica, se ha visto afectada por las reformas del Sistema de Financiación de las Comunidades Autónomas de régimen común (SFA) y Ciudades con Estatuto de Autonomía, en 2001 y en 2009, que establecen una tarifa autonómica que cada Comunidad Autónoma aprueba en cada ejercicio. En definitiva, las rentas de actividades económicas tributan de forma distinta en cada Comunidad Autónoma, a diferencia de las rentas de las sociedades cuya tributación en todo el territorio nacional es actualmente del 25%, sin perjuicio de lo establecido en los regímenes tributarios forales. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la evolución de los RAE declarados en el IRPF, considerando las últimas reformas del SFA. La metodología consiste en la estimación de un panel de datos dinámico, en el período 2003-2019, mediante el estimador de variables instrumentales (IV) y su generalización por el Estimador Generalizado de los Momentos (GMM). Los principales resultados se refieren, en primer lugar, a la significatividad global del modelo y de las variables individualmente consideradas. En segundo lugar, la elasticidad de la variable RAE respecto el tipo de gravamen autonómico es negativa de -0,09. Este resultado puede justificarse porque la tarifa de gravamen autonómica es progresiva, la establecen los gobiernos regionales en cada ejercicio y puede generar un desplazamiento de la actividad económica por la diferente tributación entre regiones.
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Filgueiras Nunes, Flávio, Cláudio Roberto Santos, Nélson Rezende Júnior, Renata Menezes de Jesus, and Johnny Marcelo Hara. "A VIOLAÇÃO DE DIREITOS INDÍGENAS NO BRASIL E A DECISÃO DA CIDH NO CASO DO POVO XUCURU." In Congresso Brasileiro Online de Direito. Congresse.me, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54265/kwql9184.
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Em 2018, a Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (CIDH) condenou o Brasil pela violação aos direitos do povo indígena Xucuru e seus membros. A subordinação dos Estados a sistemas protetivos de direitos humanos se torna indispensável quando há risco de as instituições internas se mostrarem falhas, omissas ou viciadas. O caso do povo Xucuru foi levado à Corte pela Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos em 2016, após descumpridas as recomendações feitas ao Estado Brasileiro. A análise do caso girou em torno da violação dos direitos de propriedade coletiva desta comunidade indígena, do direito às garantias judiciais e de proteção judicial e dos direitos à integridade pessoal dos Xucuru: todos previstos na Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos e na Declaração da ONU sobre direitos dos povos indígenas. A população indígena dos Xucuru se encontra no município de Pesqueira, agreste de Pernambuco. Como resultado da ineficiência do Brasil em garantir à essa população indígena a demarcação das suas terras frequentemente invadidas por posseiros, inúmeros assassinatos de membros da comunidade indígena e de outras pessoas que os auxiliavam foram cometidos. O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar a referida decisão da CIDH e verificar a eficiência ou não de decisões do Tribunal Interamericano em casos de violações de direitos humanos de povos indígenas comparativamente a outras duas decisões: o Caso Povo indígena Kichwa de Sarayaku, envolvendo o Equador, com sentença de 2012 e o caso da Comunidade Indígena Xákmok Kásek, envolvendo o Paraguai, em 2010. Destaque-se que outras decisões envolvendo violações a comunidades indígenas foram identificadas a partir da análise minuciosa das decisões da Corte, entretanto, todas as demais estavam fora do período estabelecido para a pesquisa, ou seja, há mais de dez anos contados da decisão do caso Xucuru. A pesquisa foi qualitativa, bibliográfica e documental. Os casos em análise envolvem a violação de propriedade coletiva, com menção expressa nas decisões da Corte aos direitos previstos nos arts. 21 e 25 da Convenção Americana, daí a necessidade de se analisar o direito à propriedade como um dos direitos humanos. Dos Estados envolvidos na pesquisa, o que reconheceu a jurisdição da Corte mais tardiamente foi o Brasil, apenas em 1998. O Paraguai reconheceu a jurisdição da CIDH em 1993 e o Equador em 1984. Considerando a existência de outros casos semelhantes, em decisões anteriores à da sentença que condenou o Brasil, e, principalmente, considerando a eficácia obrigatória dos fundamentos determinantes das decisões da Corte, conforme reconhece o próprio Tribunal Interamericano ao afirmar a força vinculante dos seus precedentes, a violação aos direitos de proteção judicial e de propriedade coletiva dos membros da comunidade indígena Xucuru pelo Brasil corresponde à violação grave que contraria não só os preceitos de jus cogens previstos no Pacto de São José da Costa Rica, mas também contraria o sistema de precedentes da própria Corte. A vinculação aos fundamentos das decisões da Corte Interamericana corrobora a importância dos preceitos da Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos e reforça, indubitavelmente, a autoridade da Corte como órgão de proteção aos direitos humanos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: DIREITOS HUMANOS, INDÍGENAS, SISTEMA AMERICANO PROTETIVO
Reports on the topic "Tribunal reform"
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Wetzel, Deborah, Fátima Cartaxo, Ricardo Poppi, and Mariano Lafuente. Data-driven Digital Innovation to Strengthen Integrity: TCU’s Payroll Oversight in Brazil. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004549.
Full textAbstract:
This technical note documents the Continuous Payroll Audit Initiative within Brazils Court of Accounts (Tribunal de Contas da Unio, or TCU), presents its lessons learned, and makes recommendations that could improve its results. This initiative uses digital tools such as data analytics to proactively identify and address incorrect and/or illicit payments in the federal civil service and pension payroll. As of 2021, the initiative had led to savings close to $R 2 billion (US$515 million). The study demonstrates that a small team using the right technology can be very effective in rooting out irregularities in a complex system. However, technological innovation is not sufficient to address these issues. Broader systemic reforms in information collection and compliance are required for the system to fully achieve its goals. Given these results, this case could serve as reference for other supreme audit institutions around the world that are seeking to combat fraud and corruption.
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Rincón-Castro, Hernán. ¿Cuánto tributan efectivamente el consumo, el trabajo y el capital en Colombia? Cálculos con las Cuentas Nacionales base 2015. Banco de la República, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1161.
Full textAbstract:
A partir de un análisis que no es contable ni financiero sino económico, Rincón-Castro y Delgado-Rojas (2017) calculan para Colombia las tasas efectivas promedio de tributación sobre el consumo y los factores de producción trabajo y capital para el período comprendido entre 1994 y 2016. Para su estudio los autores utilizan las Cuentas Nacionales del DANE bases 1994 y 2005. El objetivo del presente estudio es realizar los mismos cálculos y con la misma metodología para el período 2005-2019, pero con las Cuentas Nacionales base 2015. Los resultados indican que el cambio de base produjo una reducción sustancial de las tasas efectivas del trabajo y del capital. Por ejemplo, para 2016, la tasa efectiva promedio del trabajo se redujo en 3 puntos porcentuales y del capital en 6 puntos porcentuales. ¿Cuál es la explicación? Los cambios de las bases tributarias que introdujo la nueva base de la contabilidad nacional, ya que la metodología de cálculo, las definiciones de las tasas, los parámetros y los supuestos no cambian. Entre 2017 y 2019 se suman los efectos de las leyes de reforma tributaria 819 de 2016 y 1943 de 2018. Los cálculos para 2019 indican que la tasa efectiva promedio de tributación del consumo es 12,7%, del trabajo es 18% y del capital es 15%. La desagregación de la tasa del trabajo muestra que la tasa de los salarios es 2,3%, de la nómina es 2,7% y de la seguridad social es 13%. La desagregación de la tasa del capital muestra que la de los hogares, quienes son los dueños del capital, es 3,8%, mientras que la de las sociedades es 21,1%. Así, los impuestos en Colombia no son efectivamente tan altos, pero tampoco tan bajos ni tan bien repartidos.
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Chagas, Viktor, and Luiza de Mello Stefano. TikTok e Polarização Política no Brasil. Laboratório de Pesquisa em Comunicação, Culturas Políticas e Economia da Colaboração (coLAB), July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56465/ddoslab.2022.001.
Full textAbstract:
Este relatório se baseia em uma amostra composta por 23.139 vídeos publicados por 264 perfis de políticos no TikTok. Os dados coletados se referem ao período entre outubro de 2018 e março de 2022, quando se encerrou o prazo de desincompatibilização de cargos, segundo o calendário do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (TSE). O estudo procura avaliar como os políticos utilizam e incorporam o TikTok em suas respectivas estratégias de comunicação política, que tipo de conteúdo produzem, e que resultados concretos, em termos de alcance e engajamento, eles obtêm. Muito se comenta a respeito das diferenças de apropriação de plataformas digitais por políticos de esquerda e de direita. O estudo procura abordar também essa distinção, apresentando dados empíricos que sustentam que o campo conservador-reacionário tem empregado mais e melhor o TikTok para alcançar maior visibilidade e despertar mais engajamento do público. Analisar como direita e esquerda utilizam o TikTok pode elucidar uma série de aspectos relacionados às estratégias de adoção de plataformas digitais por atores políticos. Entre os principais resultados alcançados por este estudo, destacam-se: (a) Políticos de esquerda tendem a publicar menos no TikTok do que políticos de centro e de direita; (b) Políticos de esquerda tendem a ter um número inferior de seguidores e baixos índices de engajamento, se comparados aos políticos da direita; (c) Políticos de esquerda tendem a assumir uma postura mais “dialógica” em comparação com os políticos de direita, que geralmente se caracterizam por uma postura mais “materialista”, ou seja, preferem acumular mais seguidores do que seguir outros usuários; (d) Políticos de esquerda tendem a receber menor quantidade de visualizações nos conteúdos que publicam; (e) Políticos de esquerda tendem a valorizar mais conteúdos de natureza estritamente política, ao passo que políticos de direita fazem uso de uma retórica mais voltada para o entretenimento e o humor, desviando-se frequentemente de pautas públicas; (e) Há quase duas vezes mais políticos de direita no TikTok em relação ao número de políticos de esquerda; (f) Políticos de direita tendem a utilizar mais trilhas sonoras para dublagens e aproveitar melhor as affordances da plataforma para alcançar maior alcance e engajamento; (g) Políticos de direita articulam melhor suas bases de seguidores, já que tendem a ter um número maior de visualizações em seus conteúdos quando dispõem de uma base maior de seguidores; (h) Políticos de direita tendem estatisticamente a acumular mais seguidores e a receber mais curtidas em seus vídeos, ao passo que políticos de esquerda sofrem uma tendência inversa; (i) Políticos de direita não parecem fazer muito investimento para receber mais curtidas em seus conteúdos. Por outro lado, eles costumam acumular um número bastante superior de visualizações, o que pode sugerir um papel ativo da filtragem algorítmica e do sistema de recomendações do TikTok ao indicar tais conteúdos aos usuários; (j) Tiririca é líder absoluto em diferentes métricas de engajamento da plataforma. Seu perfil, porém, não apresenta qualquer referência à sua atuação como deputado federal e se concentra na trajetória enquanto humorista.