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Journal articles on the topic 'Tribocharges'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 May 2022

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1

Takahashi, K., Y. Murakami, and Daisuke Shindo. "Charging and Discharging Phenomena in Organic Photoconductors Observed Using Electron Holography." Key Engineering Materials 508 (March 2012): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.508.315.

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The Phenomenon of Laser-Induced Discharging in an Organic Photoconductor Sample Was Directly Observed Using Electron Holography and Sophisticated Techniques for In Situ Observations. Mechanical Friction Was Used to Induce Negative Tribocharges on the Surface of the Photoconductor Sample. the Observation of Equipotential Contour Lines (i.e., the Electric Potential Distribution) outside the Specimen Revealed that the Amount of Tribocharges Was Reduced by the Laser Exposure. Computer Simulations of the Equipotential Lines Provided Useful Information for Evaluating the Quantity of Tribocharges.

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2

Sayfidinov, Khaydarali, S. Doruk Cezan, Bilge Baytekin, and H. Tarik Baytekin. "Minimizing friction, wear, and energy losses by eliminating contact charging." Science Advances 4, no. 11 (November 2018): eaau3808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau3808.

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One-fourth of the global energy losses result from friction and wear. Although friction and tribocharging were presented to be mutually related, reduction of friction and wear by eliminating tribocharges on common polymers, and decrease of power losses in devices with polymer parts were not shown to date. Here, we demonstrate that for common polymers, friction—which is strongly related to surface charge density—can be notably reduced by various methods of tribocharge mitigation, namely, corona discharging, solvent treatment, or placing a grounded conductor on the backside of one of the shearing materials. In our simple demonstrations, we found that by preventing tribocharge accumulation, a remarkable two-thirds of power loss during operation of simple mechanical devices with common polymers and plastic parts can be saved and wear can be reduced by a factor of 10. These demonstrations indicate important practical ramifications in mechanical systems with insulating parts.

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3

Seok Jeong, Jong, Yasukazu Murakami, Daisuke Shindo, and Hiromitsu Kawase. "Investigation of tribocharges and their migration in layered model toners by electron holography." Journal of Applied Physics 109, no. 12 (June 15, 2011): 124903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3596757.

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4

Ji, Myung, Mohammed Bazroun, In Cho, W. Slafer, Rana Biswas, and Jaeyoun Kim. "Mechano-Triboelectric Analysis of Surface Charge Generation on Replica-Molded Elastomeric Nanodomes." Micromachines 12, no. 12 (November 27, 2021): 1460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12121460.

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Replica molding-based triboelectrification has emerged as a new and facile technique to generate nanopatterned tribocharge on elastomer surfaces. The “mechano-triboelectric charging model” has been developed to explain the mechanism of the charge formation and patterning process. However, this model has not been validated to cover the full variety of nanotexture shapes. Moreover, the experimental estimation of the tribocharge’s surface density is still challenging due to the thick and insulating nature of the elastomeric substrate. In this work, we perform experiments in combination with numerical analysis to complete the mechano-triboelectrification charging model. By utilizing Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and finite element analysis, we reveal that the mechano-triboelectric charging model works for replica molding of both recessed and protruding nanotextures. In addition, by combining KPFM with numerical electrostatic modeling, we improve the accuracy of the surface charge density estimation and cross-calibrate the result against that of electrostatic force microscopy. Overall, the regions which underwent strong interfacial friction during the replica molding exhibited high surface potential and charge density, while those suffering from weak interfacial friction exhibited low values on both. These multi-physical approaches provide useful and important tools for comprehensive analysis of triboelectrification and generation of nanopatterned tribocharge. The results will widen our fundamental understanding of nanoscale triboelectricity and advance the nanopatterned charge generation process for future applications.

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5

Ireland, Peter M., and Graeme J. Jameson. "Particle dynamics in cyclone tribochargers." Journal of Electrostatics 71, no. 3 (June 2013): 449–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elstat.2012.11.007.

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6

Ireland, Peter M., and Kurt Nicholson. "Analysis and comparison of particle tribochargers." Minerals Engineering 24, no. 8 (July 2011): 914–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2011.04.006.

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7

McCulloch, Ian L., Justin Chambers, and W. Thomas McClellan. "Tribocharged Silicone Dressing for Scar Modulation." Journal of the American College of Surgeons 229, no. 4 (October 2019): S231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2019.08.507.

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8

Lyskawinski, Wieslaw, Mariusz Baranski, Cezary Jedryczka, Jacek Mikolajewicz, Roman Regulski, Dominik Rybarczyk, and Dariusz Sedziak. "Analysis of Triboelectrostatic Separation Process of Mixed Poly(ethylene terephthalate) and High-Density Polyethylene." Energies 15, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010019.

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The aim of this study was to investigate and analyze the separation process of poly (ethylene terephthalate) and high-density polyethylene mixture. The research studied the influence of parameters of tribocharging and separation processes on the quality of separation. The research was carried out using a developed test stand consisting of a test tribocharger and a dedicated drum-type electrostatic separator. Both the separator and the tribocharger have been designed as automated test benches to assess the quality of plastic separation. In order to assess the quality of electrostatic separation of plastics, an original method based on the use of a dedicated vision system was used. The research was conducted in two stages. Firstly, the influence of the tribocharging process parameters on the efficiency of the process, i.e., the charge collected, was investigated. The next stage of the research was focused on the analysis of the influence of the separation process parameters on its effectiveness. The obtained results were presented and discussed. On the basis of the conducted research, the parameters of the tribocharging and separation processes affecting their effectiveness were determined.

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9

Afshar-Mohajer, Nima, Chang-Yu Wu, and Nicoleta Sorloaica-Hickman. "Electrostatic collection of tribocharged lunar dust simulants." Advanced Powder Technology 25, no. 6 (November 2014): 1800–1807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2014.07.010.

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10

Kruss, Maximilian, Tim Salzmann, Eric Parteli, Felix Jungmann, Jens Teiser, Laurent Schönau, and Gerhard Wurm. "Lifting of Tribocharged Grains by Martian Winds." Planetary Science Journal 2, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/psj/ac38a4.

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Abstract It is a long-standing open question whether electrification of wind-blown sand due to tribocharging—the generation of electric charges on the surface of sand grains by particle–particle collisions—could affect rates of sand transport occurrence on Mars substantially. While previous wind tunnel experiments and numerical simulations addressed how particle trajectories may be affected by external electric fields, the effect of sand electrification remains uncertain. Here we show, by means of wind tunnel simulations under air pressure of 20 mbar, that the presence of electric charges on the particle surface can reduce the minimal threshold wind shear velocity for the initiation of sand transport, u *ft, significantly. In our experiments, we considered different samples, a model system of glass beads as well as a Martian soil analog, and different scenarios of triboelectrification. Furthermore, we present a model to explain the values of u *ft obtained in the wind tunnel that is based on inhomogeneously distributed surface charges. Our results imply that particle transport that subsides, once the wind shear velocity has fallen below the threshold for sustained transport, can more easily be restarted on Mars than previously thought.

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11

FUJIWARA, Takahiro, Koki HOSODA, Hiroshi TANI, Renguo LU, Shinji KOGANEZAWA, and Norio TAGAWA. "Design of tribocharge sensor mounted inside tire." Proceedings of the Conference on Information, Intelligence and Precision Equipment : IIP 2020 (2020): 2A05. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeiip.2020.2a05.

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12

Okishio, Daiki, Hiroshi Tani, Renguo Lu, Shinji Koganezawa, and Norio Tagawa. "Development of tribocharge sensor built-in rolling bearing." Proceedings of the Conference on Information, Intelligence and Precision Equipment : IIP 2019 (2019): 1D06. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeiip.2019.1d06.

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13

Kim, Jae‐Kwan, Hee‐Chan Cho, Sung‐Chul Kim, and Hai‐Soo Chun. "Electrostatic beneficiation of fly ash using an ejector‐tribocharger." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A 35, no. 3 (March 2000): 357–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10934520009376976.

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14

IKUSHIMA, Hiroaki, Hiroshi TANI, Renguo LU, Shinji KOGANEZAWA, and Norio TAGAWA. "Dependence of base rubber hardness to tribocharge sensor output." Proceedings of Conference of Kansai Branch 2020.95 (2020): 06_611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekansai.2020.95.06_611.

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15

TANI, Hiroshi, Daiki OKISHIO, Renguo LU, Shinji KOGANEZAWA, and Norio TAGAWA. "Development of Tribocharge Rotational Speed Sensor for Rolling Bearing." Proceedings of the Conference on Information, Intelligence and Precision Equipment : IIP 2018 (2018): 1B04_1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeiip.2018.1b04_1.

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16

Francisco, Kelly R., Thiago A. L. Burgo, and Fernando Galembeck. "Tribocharged Polymer Surfaces: Solvent Effect on Pattern Formation and Modification." Chemistry Letters 41, no. 10 (October 5, 2012): 1256–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.2012.1256.

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17

TANI, Hiroshi, Renguo LU, Shinji KOGANEZAWA, and Norio TAGAWA. "Development of Tribocharge Generator with Textured Contact Surface for Insole." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2018 (2018): J1110104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2018.j1110104.

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18

Watanabe, Hideo, Mojtaba Ghadiri, Tatsushi Matsuyama, Yu Long Ding, and Kendal G. Pitt. "New instrument for tribocharge measurement due to single particle impacts." Review of Scientific Instruments 78, no. 2 (February 2007): 024706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2671585.

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19

Hwang, J., S. H. Choa, and H. S. Park. "Tribocharge build-up and decay at a slider-disk interface." Microsystem Technologies 10, no. 2 (January 1, 2004): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00542-003-0344-5.

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20

Ali, F. S., and I. I. Inculet. "Electric field analysis of the tribocharged fluidized bed powder coating process." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 36, no. 5 (2000): 1247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/28.871271.

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21

Tilmatine, Amar, Karim Medles, Mohamed Younes, Abdelber Bendaoud, and Lucian Dascalescu. "Roll-Type Versus Free-Fall Electrostatic Separation of Tribocharged Plastic Particles." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 46, no. 4 (July 2010): 1564–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2010.2049553.

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22

Quinn, Jacqueline W., Jim G. Captain, Kyle Weis, Edgardo Santiago-Maldonado, and Steve Trigwell. "Evaluation of Tribocharged Electrostatic Beneficiation of Lunar Simulant in Lunar Gravity." Journal of Aerospace Engineering 26, no. 1 (January 2013): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)as.1943-5525.0000227.

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23

Miloudi, Mohamed, Karim Medles, Amar Tilmatine, Mostefa Brahami, and Lucian Dascalescu. "Modeling and optimization of a propeller-type tribocharger for granular materials." Journal of Electrostatics 69, no. 6 (December 2011): 631–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elstat.2011.08.010.

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24

Ji, Myung Gi, Qiang Li, Rana Biswas, and Jaeyoun Kim. "Stability and temporal decay of nanopatterned tribocharge on nanotextured elastomer surfaces." Nano Energy 79 (January 2021): 105441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105441.

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25

Adamiak, K. "Numerical investigation of powder trajectories and deposition in tribocharge powder coating." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 37, no. 6 (2001): 1603–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/28.968167.

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26

Sippola, Petteri, Jari Kolehmainen, Ali Ozel, Xiaoyu Liu, Pentti Saarenrinne, and Sankaran Sundaresan. "Experimental and numerical study of wall layer development in a tribocharged fluidized bed." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 849 (June 26, 2018): 860–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.412.

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The effects of triboelectricity in a small-scale fluidized bed of polyethylene particles were investigated by imaging the particle layer in the vicinity of the column wall and by measuring the pressure drop across the bed. The average charge on the particles was altered by changing the relative humidity of the gas. A triboelectric charging model coupled with a computational fluid dynamics–discrete element method (CFD-DEM) model was utilized to simulate gas–particle flow in the bed. The electrostatic forces were evaluated based on a particle–particle particle–mesh method, accounting for the surface charge on the insulating walls. It was found that simulations with fixed and uniform charge distribution among the particles capture remarkably well both the agglomeration of the particles on the wall and the associated decrease in the pressure drop across the bed. With a dynamic tribocharging model, the charging rate had to be accelerated to render the computations affordable. Such simulations with an artificial acceleration significantly over-predict charge segregation and the wall becomes rapidly sheeted with a single layer of strongly charged particles.

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27

Zhang, Guangwen, Haifeng Wang, Shuhe Chen, Xing Yang, Weining Xie, and Yaqun He. "Effect of tribocharger material on the triboelectric characteristics of coal and mineral particles." Particulate Science and Technology 35, no. 5 (May 9, 2016): 583–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02726351.2016.1184729.

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28

Song, Yi, Zhouyi Wang, Jun Zhou, Yang Li, and Zhendong Dai. "Synchronous measurement of tribocharge and force at the footpads of freely moving animals." Friction 6, no. 1 (October 17, 2017): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40544-017-0165-7.

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29

Achouri, I. E., T. Zeghloul, K. Medles, G. Richard, and L. Dascalescu. "Factors Influencing the Triboelectric Charging of Granular Plastics in a Rotating-cylinder-type Tribocharger." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 724 (January 11, 2020): 012048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/724/1/012048.

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30

Shin, Jin-Hyouk, and Jae-Keun Lee. "PVC Separation and Flow Visualization of Triboeletrostatically Charged Plastic Particles Using Fluidized Bed Tribocharger." Geosystem Engineering 5, no. 2 (June 2002): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2002.10541184.

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31

Lee, Jae-Keun, Jin-Hyouk Shin, and Yoo-Jin Hwang. "Triboelectrostatic separation system for separation of PVC and PS materials using fluidized bed tribocharger." KSME International Journal 16, no. 10 (October 2002): 1336–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02983841.

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32

Zhang, Jinyang, and Simone Ciampi. "The Position of Solid Carbon Dioxide in the Triboelectric Series." Australian Journal of Chemistry 72, no. 8 (2019): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch19239.

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The process of releasing liquid carbon dioxide from a fire extinguisher is accompanied by a strong static charging of the plastic material making up the extinguisher discharge horn. Firefighters often report an electric shock when operating CO2 extinguishers, but the origin of this electrostatic hazard is largely unknown. Here, we begin to investigate this phenomenon, and test the hypothesis of plastic samples being tribocharged on contact with rapidly flowing solid CO2. Using Faraday pail measurements, we show that non-conductive polymers gain a net static charge when brought in and out of contact with dry ice (solid CO2). These measurements of charge sign and magnitude give indirect evidence helping to place solid CO2 for the first time on the triboelectric series. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) samples acquire a negative charge when rubbed against dry ice, whereas poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), glass, and nylon surfaces become positively charged. Therefore, we suggest the position of dry ice in the triboelectric series to be close to that of materials with stable cations and unstable anions, possibly locating it between PMMA and PVC.

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33

Wang, Haifeng, Shuhe Chen, Bin Cai, Linhan Ge, and Qingru Chen. "Study on the Dynamics of Tribocharged Coal and Mineral Particles in Free-Fall Triboelectric Separator." Separation Science and Technology 49, no. 18 (December 2014): 2990–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2014.937813.

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34

Perez-Vaquero, Javier, Johann Landauer, Heiko Briesen, and Petra Foerst. "A particle tracking velocimetry method to measure size and charge distributions in tribocharged powder particles." Chemical Engineering Science 229 (January 2021): 116036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2020.116036.

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35

Miloudi, M., K. Medles, A. Tilmatine, M. Brahami, and L. Dascalescu. "Optimisation of belt-type electrostatic separation of granular plastic mixtures tribocharged in a propeller-type device." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 301 (June 23, 2011): 012067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/301/1/012067.

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36

Zhang, Jinyang, Fergus J. M. Rogers, Nadim Darwish, Vinicius R. Gonçales, Yan B. Vogel, Fei Wang, J. Justin Gooding, et al. "Electrochemistry on Tribocharged Polymers Is Governed by the Stability of Surface Charges Rather than Charging Magnitude." Journal of the American Chemical Society 141, no. 14 (March 18, 2019): 5863–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b00297.

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37

Zhang, Jinyang, Michelle L. Coote, and Simone Ciampi. "Electrostatics and Electrochemistry: Mechanism and Scope of Charge-Transfer Reactions on the Surface of Tribocharged Insulators." Journal of the American Chemical Society 143, no. 8 (February 18, 2021): 3019–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.0c11006.

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38

Lee, Dae-Young, Jaeho Lee, Jungho Hwang, and Sung-Hoon Choa. "Effect of relative humidity and disk acceleration on tribocharge build-up at a slider–disk interface." Tribology International 40, no. 8 (August 2007): 1253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2006.11.006.

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39

Poosala, Akkachai, Kittipong Hrimchum, Darunee Aussawasathien, and Duanghathai Pentrakoon. "The Effect of Oxygen-Plasma Treated Graphene Nanoplatelets upon the Properties of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube and Polycarbonate Hybrid Nanocomposites Used for Electrostatic Dissipative Applications." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/470297.

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Oxygen-plasma treated graphene nanoplatelet (OGNP), multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and polycarbonate (PC) hybrid nanocomposites were prepared via a melting process using a twin-screw extruder. The contents of the OGNPs were in the range of 0.0 to 5.0 parts per hundred resin (phr), whilst the dosage of MWCNTs was kept at a constant of 2.0 wt%. Nanocomposites containing 2.0 wt% of MWCNTs and mixtures of 2.0 wt% of MWCNTs at 1.5 to 5.0 phr of OGNPs had tribocharged voltages, surface resistivities, and decay times, all within the electrostatic discharge (ESD) specification. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results revealed that the OGNPs slightly intercalated and distributed also within the PC matrix. The glass transition temperatureTgand heat capacity jump, at the glass transition stages of nanocomposite, slightly changed, as the contents of the OGNPs increased. The melt flow index (MFI) of nanocomposites significantly decreased when MWCNTs were added to the PC resin and slightly changed as the dosage of OGNPs was increased. Tensile Young’s modulus of nanocomposites tended to increase, as the elongation at break and impact strength decreased, when OGNP concentrations were increased. This research work exhibited that OGNP/MWCNT/PC hybrid nanocomposites do indeed have the potential to be used in ESD applications.

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40

Laurentie, J. C., Ph Traoré, J. Wu, and L. Dascalescu. "Computational strategies for 3D computation of the electric field in a vibratory tribocharger for mixed granular solids." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 301 (June 23, 2011): 012062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/301/1/012062.

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41

Zhang, Jinyang, Stuart Ferrie, Song Zhang, Yan B. Vogel, Chandramalika R. Peiris, Nadim Darwish, and Simone Ciampi. "Single-Electrode Electrochemistry: Chemically Engineering Surface Adhesion and Hardness To Maximize Redox Work Extracted from Tribocharged Silicon." ACS Applied Nano Materials 2, no. 11 (October 28, 2019): 7230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.9b01726.

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42

Hearn, Graham, and Jeremy Smallwood. "Comparison of ESD from metal sphere electrodes and tribocharged insulators of both polarities using two ESD probes." Journal of Electrostatics 63, no. 6-10 (June 2005): 577–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elstat.2005.03.019.

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43

Neagoe, M. B., Y. E. Prawatya, T. Zeghloul, and L. Dascalescu. "Electric-potential-measurement-based methodology for estimation of electric charge density at the surface of tribocharged insulating slabs." Journal of Electrostatics 90 (December 2017): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elstat.2017.10.007.

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44

Zhang, Jinyang, Stuart Ferrie, Song Zhang, Yan B. Vogel, Chandramalika R. Peiris, Nadim Darwish, and Simone Ciampi. "Correction to Single-Electrode Electrochemistry: Chemically Engineering Surface Adhesion and Hardness To Maximize Redox Work Extracted from Tribocharged Silicon." ACS Applied Nano Materials 2, no. 12 (December 13, 2019): 8094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.9b02390.

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45

Lee, Jae-Keun, and Jin-Hyouk Shin. "Design and performance evaluation of triboelectrostatic separation system for the separation of PVC and PET materials using a fluidized bed tribocharger." Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 20, no. 3 (May 2003): 572–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02705568.

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46

Chen, Sin-Nan, Chun-Hung Chen, Zong-Hong Lin, Yu-Hsiang Tsao, and Chuan-Pu Liu. "On enhancing capability of tribocharge transfer of ZnO nanorod arrays by Sb doping for anomalous output performance improvement of triboelectric nanogenerators." Nano Energy 45 (March 2018): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.01.013.

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47

Lattarulo, Francesco. "A supportive electrostatic model of the COVID-19 airborne transmission." International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing, September 25, 2020, 2041001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793962320410019.

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A mechanism-oriented model is proposed here as a speculative but robust attempt to understand whether there might be any increased risk of electrostatically induced contamination, with relevant consequences from the epidemiological viewpoint. This could also be the case for the COVID-19 spreading because an amount of micro-sized droplet nuclei, often carrying net electric charge, are expected to be electro-dynamically involved in a physical process originated by the natural and unperceivable static electrification of human beings. The effects of the triboelectric charging have long been successfully tested because the phenomenon under examination is also implied in the genesis of the electrostatic discharge (ESD), a demanding key objective in the special context of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Therefore, the ultimate purpose of this technical paper is to provide valuable insights into infection control, building on what is already being done for maintaining static-safe environments. The stature of the applied model can be further appreciated because some currently observed climate-dependent and sex-linked different vulnerabilities to COVID-19 are critically examined by unique sound arguments. These ultimately focus attention on ambient relative humidity and worn shoes, the latter differing for typology, size and material, for their integrated control of the inadvertent human aptitude to buildup tribocharges. These would appear as a dreadful prerequisite for charge bearing droplets in the airborne state to be efficiently attracted/repelled according to the described electrostatic mechanism.

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48

"Electrochemistry on Tribocharged Polymers." ECS Meeting Abstracts, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2019-02/54/2415.

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49

Song, Yi, Zhouyi Wang, Yang Li, and Zhendong Dai. "Electrostatic attraction caused by triboelectrification in climbing geckos." Friction, October 31, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40544-020-0387-3.

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Abstract Adhesion achieved through feet setae is fundamental for gecko agilely maneuvering. Although diverse hypotheses have been proposed, none of them thoroughly explains the setae function, implying a kind of hybrid-mechanism-based adhesion in geckos. In addition to van der Waals interactions and capillary force, the electrostatic attraction that emerges from triboelectrification was suggested as a component of setae adhesion. Nevertheless, the contribution by electrostatic attraction to the total setae attachment is still controversial. In this study, we analyzed the occurrence of electrostatic attraction at gecko setae through experiments and model analyses. By touching the substrates with only ∼1/70th of the foot area, freely wall-climbing geckos developed tribocharge at their feet setae with a density of ∼277 pC/mm2, generating electrostatic attractions with a strength of ∼4.4 mN/mm2. From this perspective, the adhesion driven by triboelectrification could account for about 1% of total adhesion. Model analyses at spatula level indicated a similar result showing that the electrostatic force might account for ∼3% of the adhesion that facilitates wall-climbing in geckos. The low contribution of the electrostatic force partly explains why geckos always face difficulty in maneuvering onto those substrates (e.g., teflon) where they could easily develop tribocharge but difficultly generate van der Waals force. However, long-range electrostatic forces may play other roles in a distance range where the van der Waals interaction cannot function. These findings not only add to our understanding of the mechanism of gecko adhesion, but also will help us advance gecko-inspired fibular adhesives.

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Li, Qiang, Akshit Peer, In Ho Cho, Rana Biswas, and Jaeyoun Kim. "Replica molding-based nanopatterning of tribocharge on elastomer with application to electrohydrodynamic nanolithography." Nature Communications 9, no. 1 (March 2, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03319-4.

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