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Ferdous, Sabrina Sabnam, Rashed Mustafa, Mushfika Rahman, Farhana Bashar, Sharmin Akter, and Maskura Benzir. "A Study on Hand Anthropometry in Adult Tribal and Non-Tribal Light Working Women in Rajshahi Division." Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences 11, no. 04 (April 25, 2023): 785–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjams.2023.v11i04.020.
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Background: As the working styles of tribal and non-tribal working women differ, there may be variations in the anthropometric measurements of the hands. Physical prowess and anthropometric measures have strong correlations with various working activity performance levels. Objective: To evaluate the hand anthropometry in adult tribal and non- tribal light working women in Rajshahi Division. Methodology: This Cross-sectional comparative study was done at Department of anatomy, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi in Different zone of Rajshahi division (Babolding Chapainawabgonj, Kolmakandi, Nachol, Chiniatola Rohonpur, Godagari Rajshahi, Bodolgachi Naogaon, Rajshahi University, Karitas Rajshahi, Rajshahi College) from 1 (one) year (July 2017 to June 2018). During the study, two group of women with in the age 18-45 years were randomly selected from different zone of Rajshahi division. Among that one group of tribal women total 135 and another group of non-tribal women total 150 respectively. Results: Throughout the research, 22.2% of tribal participants were 20 or older, whereas almost one-third (30.7%) of non-tribal participants were 20 or older. Moreover, 60 (44.44%) are light workers, whereas 75 (55.6%) are intermediate employees. There are 150 non-tribal employees, with 75 (50%) being light workers and 75 (50%) being moderate workers. palmer width was significantly greater among light worker tribal population than that among their non-tribal counterpart (p < 0.001). 3rd and the 4th digits of the former group were considerably longer than those of the later group (p = 0.073 and p = 0.002 respectively). All other hand anthropometrics were almost identically distributed between the light tribal and non-tribal workers. Conclusion: Hand/Palmer width was significantly greater among light worker tribal population than non-tribal group. In case of light workers 3rd and 4th digits length were longer in tribal than non-tribal group. In case of light workers rests of the .....
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Choudhury, Sujata Maiti, Prasan Sabud, Pralay Maity, Madhubanti Bepari, and Ananya Pradhan. "A cross-sectional study on the nutritional status and morbidity profile of tribal and non-tribal female brick-field workers of Paschim Medinipur district." International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 4, no. 2 (March 17, 2016): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v4i2.14667.
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Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the socioeconomic, anthropometric status and health morbidity profile of tribal and non tribal female brick-field workers of Paschim Medinipur district. Study design: Assessment of socioeconomic, health and nutritional parameters were done using 300 tribal & non tribal brick-field female workers at the age group of 18-30 years after randomized sampling. Place and duration of study: The study was done in 30 brick-fields located in Paschim Medinipur district of West Bengal in the month of November and December, 2013 for a period of 60 days. Methodology: Through oral questionnaire methods, socioeconomic studies, health morbidity profile and dietary assessments were performed. Anthropometric parameters were measured by the conventional anthropometric methods.Results: From the study it was observed that most of the women workers were illiterate. Female workers of non tribal and tribal groups engaged in this industry were living below the poverty line and the tribal workers showed poor economic status than the non-tribal women workers. The female workers showed significant decrease in height, weight and body mass index, compared to the Indian national standard values. Mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) was also significantly lower to the Indian national standard in both age groups of female workers. The intake of energy, protein, carbohydrate carotene, riboflavin, dietary fiber, calcium and iron were significantly lower compared to the standard ICMR RDA. Conclusion: The female workers engaged in brick manufacturing works are mostly illiterate, economically backward, which make them vulnerable to health insecurity. Malnutrition among tribal & non tribal female workers is a problem that has perhaps been under-recognized, and should now take greater priority.International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, Vol 4 No 2 (2014) 51 – 57
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Pande, Dr Bhanupriya. "Are health workers effective in tribal part? Results from evaluation survey of health workers from tribal community." International Journal of Advanced Community Medicine 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 215–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/comed.2020.v3.i1d.136.
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Kumari, Mosya Aruna. "Developmental Outcomes of Anganwadi Children in Tribal Areas of Visakhapatnam District." Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences 10, no. 4 (August 28, 2022): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8936.
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The study aimed to assess the developmental outcomes of Anganwadi children in tribal areas of Visakhapatnam district. The sample consists of 120 Anganwadi children were selected from thirty Anganwadi centres. From each Anganwadi centre, four boys and four girls in the age group of 3-6 years were randomly selected. The findings revealed that most of the Anganwadi children were in the age group of 4 - 6 years and maximum percentages (42%) of children were found in the class of UKG (Upper Kindergarten). The majority of the children (67%) belong to the nuclear type family. More than half (65.9%) of the children are able to complete the task on overall developmental outcomes of children based on child assessment cards (3-6 years). Boys and girls performed almost equally in all areas of development. Girls performed better than boys in the area of physical (40%), cognitive (12.5%), socio-emotional development (39.1%) and creativity (36.7 %). Boys performed better than girls in the area of language development (20 %) only. The present study's findings showed a gap in the implementation of the preschool curriculum by Anganwadi workers based on their knowledge levels of curriculum and children's developmental outcomes. Hence measures should be taken by the Integrated Child Development Service (ICDS) to improve the implementation status of preschool curriculum by Anganwadi workers. Majorly, more focus should be provided on preschool education (PSE) programmes along with other services such as nutrition, growth monitoring, referral services, parent education programme and health services provided at Anganwadi centres. As the Anganwadi workers have more additional workloads, it is difficult for them to focus on the implementation of the curriculum. So, one more helper can be recruited by the government to carry out additional duties of the Anganwadi worker. More preschool education training or Early Childhood Care & Education (ECCE) training should be conducted to enhance the growth & developmental need of children in an effective manner.
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R. Srinivasulu, S.N. Sugumar, Vasuki Mathivanan. "Impact of Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder in term of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) on Economic Wellbeing of Tribal Women at Kodaikanal Hills." Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering 11, no. 1 (February 18, 2023): 154–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/cienceng.v11i1.109.
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To study aimed to examine the impacts of rational emotional behavioural therapy on obsessive compulsive disorder of women working in coffee plantations of Kodaikanal. The case study is based on the ten tribal women working in the coffee plantations of the Kodaikanal. The tribal women are undergoing significant psychological and physical issues based on the OCD. The obsessive compulsive disorder is examined with “The Padua Inventory Scale by Ezio Sanavio” which measures their OCD level of tribal women working in the coffee plantations. The study involved ten tribal women segmented into two groups and these two groups were subjected to counseling based on the REBT methods. The Padua Inventory Scale by Ezio Sanavio” was used for assessing the OCD of tribal women. The before and after effects of the counseling therapy was examined using the paired t-test. The analysis was done based using the statistical software of SPSS – 20. The study found that effort of REBT was initiated by the researcher which is found to successful among the very low group which found the therapy is significant effect in returning to normalcy. The OCD is considerably declined among the tribal women workers in the study area based on the therapies given under the REBT regime. The implementation of this regime will improve psychological well being of the workers in the coffee plantation and also improve their efficiency at workplace.
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Lakshmi Devi, V. P., and M. P. Boraian. "Transformation of Tribals through MGNREGA in Attappady Block of Palakkad District, Kerala Some Case studies." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 7, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v7i1.558.
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MGNREGS is a mammoth employment programme, launched more than a decade ago in the rural diaspora of the Indian sub-continent, with a massive annual budget of Rs.60,000crore, aimed at eradicating rural poverty and unemployment in one stroke, targeting a multitude of mainstream rural workers, as well as vulnerable categories such as the adivasis, the aged, the differently abled and disabled persons. Acclaimed as a model by most other countries, MGNREGS entitles every worker with wage employment for 100 days, augments their income and forms the base for a sustainable rural livelihood. With a plethora of studies made on the impact of this scheme on poverty eradication, the present study conducted in early 2019, concentrates on its impact on the primitive and nomadic tribal groups in Attappadi , a tribal- prominent block in Palakkad district of Kerala State. Conducted primarily thro’ Case studies, the present research highlights the role of the scheme in achieving not only the intended outcome, but also its unintended outcome. The study has profiled the role of the scheme in not only providing livelihood to all the workers, but also in restoring the normal life of persons with disabilities such as mental depression, speech and visual impairment.The mentally and physically challenged workers, who were hitherto confined to their homes or settlements and were a frustrated lot, are now able to ease their depression, while working, and interacting with fellow workers, and find cheer and solace in their company.
Besides, it has provided physical safety, economic security, and social status to the deserted women, divorcees, and children with disabilities. Though living in poverty, the fellow workers have proved that they have concern and commitment for not only their distraught co-workers but also for their distressed family members. By sharing the work of the weak and the vulnerable at the worksite, they have demonstrated that “humanitarianism” exists amidst destitution and deprivation and “compassion and camaraderie” are the primary assets of the workers, than poverty and backwardness.
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Chernoff, Miriam, and Katie Cueva. "The Role of Alaska’s Tribal Health Workers in Supporting Families." Journal of Community Health 42, no. 5 (April 18, 2017): 1020–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10900-017-0349-0.
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Panda, Mayadhar, and Sikata Nanda. "Evaluation of awareness of job responsibilities and incentives of accredited social health activist in the delivery of health care services." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 12 (November 24, 2018): 5469. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20184836.
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Background: Accredited social health activist (ASHA) workers are the female health volunteers of the community who takes steps to generate awareness and provide information to the community on determinants of health such as nutrition, hygiene practices and basic sanitation, healthy living condition. Our aim was to evaluate the level of awareness of job responsibilities of ASHA workers, to assess about their awareness about the different incentives in the delivery of health care services and to recommend for improvement on the functioning of the ASHA workers.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Khordha district of Odisha from March 2018 to July 2018. 3 blocks were selected purposively i.e. Bhubaneswar under urban block, Bolagarh under rural block and Banapur a tribal block. Working in the 3 selected blocks, 331 ASHA’s participated in the study.Results: 37% were between 34-39 years and 30% were in the age group of 34-39 years in the rural block and about 40% ASHA workers belonged to 25-29 years of age. For full immunization in the 1st year of life per beneficiary an amount of Rs. 100 is given to an ASHA worker. However, 67 (68.4%) in urban block, 79 (63.2%) in rural block and 83 (76.8%) ASHAs in tribal block were aware about this incentive.Conclusions: The role of ASHAs should be well defined and accordingly with supportive supervision, the ASHAs should be monitored to efficiently & effectively play their roles and discharge duties.
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Sengar, Gautami Singh, Kritika Singh, Arpan Dey, and Suyesh Shrivastava. "Prevalence of hypertension and diabetes in health workers of Jabalpur and Dindori: a brief study." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 11, no. 6 (May 29, 2023): 2053–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20231616.
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Background: Hypertension and Diabetes comprises a major part as precursor of crucial diseases like cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular diseases are cause of death of around 17 million people per year globally, which includes 30% of total deaths. Methods: The present study was conducted to observe the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes among health care worker groups, in different health care centres at Bajag block of Dindori district & Indian council of Medical Research- National Institute for research in Tribal Health (ICMR-NIRTH) Jabalpur during the study period from January 2022 to June 2022. The participants were subjected to anthropometric measurements, Blood pressure & blood glucose level measurements and they also responded to the detailed questionnaire. Results: The 95 health care workers including nurses, technicians, ASHA workers, ANMs, which were assessed in the present study have shown 14.7% diabetes and 38% hypertension. Conclusions: The present study is important step towards the wellbeing of health workers as very few efforts were made to observe the prevalence of NCDs in health workers of rural areas.
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Oommen, Anu Mary, Rita Isaac, Biswajit Paul, David Weller, Madelon L. Finkel, Anitha Thomas, Thomas Samuel Ram, et al. "Strategies for primary HPV test-based cervical cancer screening programme in resource-limited settings in India: Results from a quasi-experimental pragmatic implementation trial." PLOS ONE 19, no. 4 (April 5, 2024): e0301385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301385.
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Background In order for low and middle income countries (LMIC) to transition to Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) test based cervical cancer screening, a greater understanding of how to implement these evidence based interventions (EBI) among vulnerable populations is needed. This paper documents outcomes of an implementation research on HPV screening among women from tribal, rural, urban slum settings in India. Methods A mixed-method, pragmatic, quasi-experimental trial design was used. HPV screening on self-collected cervical samples was offered to women aged 30–60 years. Implementation strategies were 1) Assessment of contextual factors using both qualitative and quantitative methods like key informant interviews (KII), focus group discussions (FGDs), pre-post population sample surveys, capacity assessment of participating departments 2) enhancing provider capacity through training workshops, access to HPV testing facility, colposcopy, thermal ablation/cryotherapy at the primary health care centers 3) community engagement, counselling for self-sampling and triage process by frontline health care workers (HCWs). Outcomes were assessed using the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, adoption, implementation, maintenance) framework. Results Screening rate in 8 months’ of study was 31.0%, 26.7%, 32.9%, prevalence of oncogenic HPV was 12.1%, 3.1%, 5.5%, compliance to triage was 53.6%, 45.5%, 84.6% in tribal, urban slum, rural sites respectively. Pre-cancer among triage compliant HPV positive women was 13.6% in tribal, 4% in rural and 0% among urban slum women. Unique challenges faced in the tribal setting led to programme adaptations like increasing honoraria of community health workers for late-evening work and recalling HPV positive women for colposcopy by nurses, thermal ablation by gynaecologist at the outreach camp site. Conclusions Self-collection of samples combined with HCW led community engagement activities, flexible triage processes and strengthening of health system showed an acceptable screening rate and better compliance to triage, highlighting the importance of identifying the barriers and developing strategies suitable for the setting. Trial registration CTRI/2021/09/036130.
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Al-Ma’seb, Hend. "Social support as a predictive factor: Solution-focused thinking in clinical social work." International Social Work 63, no. 3 (September 19, 2018): 323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872818799432.
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In recent years, clinical social workers have tended to use the solution-focused approach in their practice. This study examines the relationship of solution-focused thinking and its components (Goal Orientation, Resource Activation, and Problem Disengagement), with the following variables: social support, income, occupation, gender, tribal affiliation, and education. The study used a sample of 300 participants in Kuwait. The results showed that a significant relationship exists between solution-focused thinking and the variables of income, occupation, gender, tribal affiliation, and education. In addition, the findings of this study showed that social support is a predictive factor for solution-focused thinking. The results of the study could assist clinical social workers in improving the quality of intervention they provide to clients.
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Kumar, Amrendra, and M. Nagalingam. "Working Conditions of Tribal Agricultural Labourers: A Case Study of Anuppur Block, (Madhya Pradesh)." RESEARCH HUB International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 10, no. 9 (September 30, 2023): 08–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.53573/rhimrj.2023.v10n09.002.
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The working conditions of agricultural laborers can be in the following way in the workplace. Both men and women are involved in agricultural work. In this field, working conditions mainly at the workplace, duration of work, minimum facility in the workplace, health-related facilities, and pregnant women have been observed in areas where adequate facilities are not available at the site of work. Along with this, no facility is provided for the working conditions of the pregnant woman. Due to a lack of clean water, and clean food, stomach problems, cholera, cold and many types of diseases have been seen in the workers. Which is quite challenging and a matter of concern for the workers in the sector. Given the working conditions, there is no limited time limit for the working period. Their condition is going on continuously even today in working conditions as before. Like industrial workers, due to no system like minimum facilities, they get to see health-related problems. Which hinders the development of them and their families. Certain conditions of industrial workers need to take initiative in this area as well. Due to this the development of the workers in this area is necessary for the development of agricultural areas.
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Rajvanshi, Harsh. "A Qualitative Assessment of a Malaria Elimination Project in the Tribal District of Mandla, Madhya Pradesh." Journal of Communicable Diseases 54, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202296.
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The Asia Pacific has committed to the regional goal of malaria elimination by 2030. In the year 2021, India constituted 10% of the total malaria burden in the region, with more than 2/3rd malaria cases concentrated in tribal pockets. In 2017, a public-privatepartnership known as the Malaria Elimination Demonstration Project was initiated in the tribal district of Mandla in central India to demonstrate malaria elimination and share lessons withthe rest of the country and the region. The present study focused on understanding the complex stakeholder dynamics including the community of Mandla, local healthcare workers, programme managers, and technical experts. The study has revealed interesting findings related to the effect of vertical health programmes on existing health systems; gaps, challenges, and opportunities for core interventions, and the importance of community participation towards making malaria elimination a reality by 2030.
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Chaaithanya, Itta Krishna, Dipak Abnave, Himmatrao Bawaskar, Ujwal Pachalkar, Sandip Tarukar, Neha Salvi, Prabhakar Bhoye, Arun Yadav, Smita D. Mahale, and Rahul K. Gajbhiye. "Perceptions, awareness on snakebite envenoming among the tribal community and health care providers of Dahanu block, Palghar District in Maharashtra, India." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 5, 2021): e0255657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255657.
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Introduction India has remarkably the highest number of snakebite cases contributing to nearly 50% of the global snakebite deaths. Despite this fact, there is limited knowledge and awareness regarding the management practices for snakebite in the Indian population. The study aimed to explore the knowledge, awareness, and perception of snakes and snakebites, first aid, and treatment amongst the community and the frontline health workers in a tribal block of Dahanu, Maharashtra, India. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out from June 2016 to October 2018 in the Dahanu Block, Maharashtra. Perceptions, knowledge, awareness, and first-aid practices on the snakebites among the community were studied through focus group discussions (FGDs). Semi-structured questionnaires were used to assess the knowledge, awareness, and experience of the traditional faith healers, snake rescuers, frontline health workers on the snakebites and their management. A facility check survey was conducted using pre-tested questionnaires for different levels of the government health care facilities. Results Most of the tribal community was aware of the commonly found snakes and their hiding places. However, there was inadequate knowledge on the identification and classification of venomous snakes. Belief in a snake god, the perception that snakes will not come out during thunderstorms, change in taste sensation, the ability of tamarind seeds or magnet to reduce the venom effect were some of the superstitions reported by the tribal community. The application of a harmful method (Tourniquet) as the first aid for snakebite was practiced by the tribal community. They preferred herbal medicines and visiting the traditional faith healers before shifting the patient to the government health facility. The knowledge on the ability to identify venomous snakebites and anti-venom was significantly higher amongst nurses and accredited social health activists (ASHAs) than auxiliary nurse midwives (ANMs) and multi-purpose workers (MPWs) (p < 0.05). None of the traditional faith healers; but nearly 60% of snake rescuers were aware of anti-venom. Fifty percent of the medical officers in Dahanu block did not have correct knowledge about the Krait bite symptoms, and renal complications due to the Russell viper bite. Conclusions Inappropriate perception, inadequate awareness, and knowledge about snakes and snakebites may predispose the tribal community to increased risks of venomous snakebites. Unproven and harmful methods for snakebite treatment practiced by the community and traditional faith healers could be dangerous leading to high mortality. Therefore, a multi-sectoral approach of community awareness, mapping of vulnerable populations, capacity building of health care facility, empowerment of health care workers (HCWs) could be useful for reducing the mortality and morbidity due to snakebite envenoming in India.
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Singh, Pushpendra, and Falguni Pattanaik. "Unequal Reward for Equal Work? Understanding Women’s Work and Wage Discrimination in India Through the Meniscus of Social Hierarchy." Contemporary Voice of Dalit 12, no. 1 (February 19, 2020): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455328x19898448.
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The Indian society is one of the most unequal societies of the world and divided into different social hierarchies of caste, class, religion, etc. Caste is a determinant of power, economic inequality, poverty and discrimination in contemporary India. When it comes to women, they face the dual burden of discrimination, first gender based and, second, caste based. The practice of discrimination persists between Dalit/tribal and upper-class women, but still, Dalit women are trying to come out of this unequal treatment. Hence, this study investigates the magnitude of discrimination among women workers in terms of the social hierarchy and relative factors responsible for workforce discrimination. Furthermore, this study examines the extent of wage differential between Dalit/tribal and upper-class women workers. The study has used the data of the 50th Employment and Unemployment Survey to the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) from 1993–1994 to 2017–2018 by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO). In the first part of the analysis, this study explains how and why the women workforce is decreasing, particularly as far as Dalit/tribal women are concerned. Subsequently, the relative contributions of socio-economic conditions in the women workforce have been assessed using logistic regression. However, the second part of the study examines the wage differential between general and Dalit/tribal women and the extent of wage discrimination using the Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition method. The study reveals that the women workforce has been consistently declining and the vulnerability is intense among Dalit/tribal women. Furthermore, it has been observed that the social hierarchy (caste) is a decisive factor for the remuneration (wage) in the labour market and over the period of study, the wage discrimination between Dalit and upper-caste women has significantly increased.
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Roy, Adrija. "IJCM_214A: Digital interventions for childhood malnutrition in a tribal area of Andhra Pradesh: Understanding the problem through a health system perspective." Indian Journal of Community Medicine 49, Suppl 1 (April 2024): S62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_abstract214.
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Background: Childhood malnutrition is a major public health concern in the tribal areas of Andhra Pradesh, India, particularly in the region of ITDA Rampachodavaram. The integration and effectiveness of digital health interventions in these underserved regions are vital for addressing this endemic issue. However, the unique challenges posed by the remote and resource- limited settings of tribal areas make the implementation of such interventions particularly complex. Moreover, the varying complexity of the digital health ecosystem in these areas adds another layer of concern to deploying digital health solutions. Objectives: 1. To explore digital health interventions related to childhood malnutrition in the Integrated Tribal Development Agency (ITDA) of Rampachodavaram. 2. To understand the dynamics of the local health system and the digital health ecosystem in the implementation of these interventions. 3. To examine the role of street-level bureaucrats in implementing digital interventions and identify the barriers and facilitators affecting this process Methodology: The research was conducted in ITDA Rampachodavaram, involving interviews with health system officials and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with frontline health workers. The Health System Dynamics (HSD) framework and Lipsky’s theory on street-level bureaucrats were utilized, and enriched with insights into the digital health ecosystem. Results: The study reveals significant systemic, contextual, and human factors influencing the implementation of digital health interventions. Challenges include the complex role of street-level bureaucrats and systemic barriers like inadequate training, technological limitations, and disparities in digital access and literacy. Conclusion: This study highlights the potential of digital health interventions in improving childhood malnutrition outcomes in tribal areas. It stresses the importance of adaptive, inclusive strategies and advocates for digital health equity. Empowering frontline health workers and tailoring interventions to the specific health system dynamics and digital ecosystem of tribal regions are key for effective implementation.
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Smiley, Sabrina L., Claradina Soto, Tess Boley Cruz, Natalie Kintz, Yaneth L. Rodriguez, Steve Sussman, and Lourdes Baezconde-Garbanati. "Point-of-sale marketing of little cigars and cigarillos on and near California Tribal lands." Tobacco Control 29, no. 1 (November 1, 2018): 122–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054558.
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IntroductionAmerican Indians have the highest cigarette smoking prevalence of any racial/ethnic group in the USA. Tobacco marketing at point-of-sale is associated with smoking, possibly due to easy access to cheap tobacco products. The sale of novel tobacco products like little cigars/cigarillos (LCCs) has increased in recent years which may further increase combustible tobacco use among American Indians.MethodsBetween October 2015 and February 2017, trained community health workers collected LCC product and price information by conducting audits of tobacco retailers on Tribal lands (n=53) and retailers within a 1-mile radius of Tribal lands (n=43) in California. Χ2 analyses were performed to examine associations among the availability and advertising of LCCs, including indoor price promotions and store location.ResultsOverall, 85.4% of stores sold LCCs, 76.0% sold flavoured LCCs and 51.0% sold LCCs for less than $1. Indoor price promotions were displayed at 45 (46.9%) stores. Stores within a 1-mile radius of Tribal lands sold significantly more LCC (p<0.01) and flavoured LCCs (p=0.01) than stores on Tribal lands. Stores within a 1-mile radius of Tribal lands also displayed significantly more LCCs priced at less than $1 (p<0.01) than stores on Tribal lands.ConclusionsLCCs are widely available in stores on and near California Tribal lands. Stores located a short distance away from Tribal lands were more likely to sell LCCs, including flavoured versions, more likely to sell LCCs priced below $1, and more likely to advertise little LCC price promotions than stores on Tribal lands. Policy-makers and Tribal leaders should consider regulations that would limit access to LCCs at point of sale to help prevent youth initiation and reduce smoking-related morbidity and mortality among American Indians.
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Cueva, Katie, Melany Cueva, Laura Revels, Anne P. Lanier, Mark Dignan, K. Viswanath, Teresa T. Fung, and Alan C. Geller. "A Framework for Culturally Relevant Online Learning: Lessons from Alaska’s Tribal Health Workers." Journal of Cancer Education 34, no. 4 (March 22, 2018): 647–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13187-018-1350-8.
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Chakma, Tapas, Pinnamneni Vinay Rao, and Pradeep Kumar Meshram. "Factors associated with high compliance/feasibility during iron and folic acid supplementation in a tribal area of Madhya Pradesh, India." Public Health Nutrition 16, no. 2 (May 28, 2012): 377–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980012002704.
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AbstractObjectiveTo study the feasibility of iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation among tribal adolescent girls and identify factors associated with high compliance.DesignIntervention study with IFA supplementation among tribal adolescent girls of Bijadandi block, Mandla district, Madhya Pradesh, India. Girls (n 274) from twelve villages randomly selected out of 100 potential villages received daily tablets containing iron (iii) hydroxide polymaltose complex equivalent to 100 mg of elemental Fe and 350 μg of folic acid (commercially available as Feritas tablets, marketed by Intas Pharmaceutical Ltd, India). IFA was given for 100 d and supervised by school teachers and anganwadi workers. Compliance was measured using cards and interviews.SettingCommunity-based iron supplementation programme.SubjectsTribal adolescent girls aged 12–19 years.ResultsIn total 233 girls completed the study. Prevalence of anaemia was reduced from 94 % at baseline to 69 % after the intervention. Compliance rate (>80 tablets) was 89 %. Minor side-effects were reported by three girls, yet they consumed >80 tablets. Factors associated with compliance included fasting during the local festival (χ2 = 72·74, df 3; P < 0·0001) and counselling (χ2 = 72·74, df 3; P < 0·0001). Other qualitative factors like social mobilization, timely supply of tablets, quality of tablets (blister pack) and availability of teachers and anganwadi workers were also associated with the compliance and feasibility.ConclusionsHigh compliance indicates that IFA supplementation with tablets is feasible among the tribal adolescent girls of Bijadandi block, Mandla district.
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Sharma, Ashmita, and Saqib Khan. "The paradox of indigeneity." Contributions to Indian Sociology 52, no. 2 (April 19, 2018): 186–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0069966718761746.
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This article, based on a study conducted in a tea plantation of Upper Assam, documents and analyses the struggle for Scheduled Tribe (ST) status by the Adivasis in Assam, which is linked to a larger demand for indigeneity and tribal recognition in the state and in the Northeast. It examines the nature of this struggle in recent times through both its contestations of indigeneity and claims upon citizenship by drawing on personal narratives and interviews with activists and workers of Adivasi students’ organisations and tea workers’ unions who have been in the forefront of this struggle.
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洪宏, 洪宏, and 姚卿騰 Hong Hong. "布農族女性居家照顧服務員工作經驗之研究." 臺灣社區工作與社區研究學刊 12, no. 1 (April 2022): 001–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/222372402022041201001.
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<p>本研究旨在探討布農族女性居服員的工作動機、工作感受與文化照顧之經驗，為達此研究目的，研究採取質性研究半結構式訪談法針對六位布農族女性居服員進行資料的蒐集與分析。研究結果顯示薪資福利與彈性接案是布農族女性居服員主要從業動機。工作感受包括陪伴是最好的照顧，服務歷程工作滿意度高。在文化照顧經驗方面，認為文化照顧應順應部落長者生活習慣，讓原住民族照顧部落族人，對於部落長者的生活習慣較為了解，扮演與部落長者之間重要的連線基礎，能夠相互了解、溝通、有效地互動。循此，本文依研究所得結果提出幾項建議與省思：一、提升照顧工作內在動機與外在動機；二、運用原鄉的力量，打造部落文化照顧的網絡。本研究認為文化照顧與文化復振是部落推動長照的重點，期許未來有更臻完善的發展，更希冀本研究能提供原鄉發展長期照顧政策參考，以及提升長照服務人力的專業照顧形象。</p> <p> </p><p>This study aims to examine the motivations for work, job perception, and experiences of culturally sensitive care of female Bunun home care workers. In this qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from six female Bunun home care workers. Analysis revealed that salary, benefits, and flexible caseload are the primary motivations of work for female Bunun home care workers. Feelings in work include the perception of companionship as the best care and high job satisfaction in the process of providing services. In terms of experiences of culturally sensitive care, this study found that tribal elders’ living habits should be respected in providing culturally sensitive care. In addition, indigenous people, more aware of their living habits, can play an important role in connecting with tribal elders. Hence, care of tribal elders by indigenous people can ensure that the givers and receivers of care understand, communicate, and interact effectively with each other. Based on the findings of this study, this paper proposes several recommendations and reflections: First, internal and external motivations for care work should be improved; second, the power of indigenous tribes should be utilized to build a tribal culturally sensitive care network. This study holds that culturally sensitive care and cultural revitalization are key to the promotion of long-term care by indigenous tribes, and future improvements in these aspects are expected. Furthermore, it is also expected that this study can serve as a reference for indigenous tribes’ policy of promoting long-term care and can help to enhance the professional image of caregivers of long-term care services.</p> <p> </p>
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Balestrery, Jean E. "Exposing health inequities: Surreal snapshots from the Grand Canyon to global COVID-19 pandemic." Qualitative Social Work 20, no. 1-2 (March 2021): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473325020973312.
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The story presented here is central to social work because it is about crisis. Across diverse fields of practice, social workers regularly engage in crisis intervention. The story that follows is about crisis in the area of health and healthcare. Specifically, it’s about exposing health/care inequities on Indigenous tribal land in the Grand Canyon and in the global COVID-19 pandemic.
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Patil, Karan Shrikant, Vaishali Lokhande, Bharat Agarwal, Manish Pendse, and Anand Misra. "Community based sensitization to address maternal and child health problems in tribal population of India." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 9, no. 7 (June 27, 2022): 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20221708.
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Background: India fights with substantial maternal and child health (MCH) concerns, accounting about one quarter of the global burden of maternal and childhood mortality. The current study was tried to assess the impact of community partnerships between medical students, community stakeholders (TBAs and local tribal girls) and general community members on their awareness levels about MCH care and services.Methods: a community-based pilot interventional study was conducted at one of the rural blocks of Maharashtra state of India. Of 120, sixty (50%) first year undergraduate MBBS medical students (intervention group) posted at two months rural healthcare training programme’ participated in preparing MCH related health education material (HEM) in local language. Similarly local tribal girls, TBAs and general community people were trained about MCH and their knowledge levels were assessed.Results: Pre and post training assessment scores of participants (students, TBAs, tribal girls and general people) indicated significant (p<0.05) differences in their knowledge about MCH. The used approach of community collaborations in this study upgraded the knowledge of stakeholders (TBAs, tribal girls) and common tribal people about basic aspects of MCH and associated welfare schemes. The study also reported positive attitudes of all participants about an intervention.Conclusions: Productive and synergistic community partnerships can be created among health care providers, community health workers and other stakeholders to ensure commitment and engagement towards positive health.
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Sah, Badri Narayan. "Home-Based Workers and their Ownership in Nepal." Patan Pragya 7, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 255–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/pragya.v7i1.35250.
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Hom- based workers are the most significant component of informal economy in Nepal. In Nepal, 70percent of the economically active population is involved in the informal economy. Employment in the non-agricultural informal sector is 70 percent of total non-agricultural employment. The employed population in the non-agricultural sectors grew by 29.3 percent. About 30 percent of then on-agricultural workers aged 15 and above are home based workers and home-based work is the major source of employment for women. The share of non-agriculture sector to GDP is highly increasing in recent years; its average annual growth is 7.4 percent in 2018/19. In this study, more than 76 percent of home-based workers are from Tribal/Native/Adibasi ethnicity. Also, the 76 percent home based workers have their own house as ownership. The 86 percent of home-based workers have houses with well window facilities and 99 percent of the houses are facilitated with electricity,41 percent of the households have source of water, 30 percent to hand pump and 6 percent to wells. The 95 percent of home based workers have latrine facilities in their house. The income earned is highly spent on food expenses (54 percent) and remaining is used for other purposes.
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Imbun, Benedict Y. "Mining Workers or ‘Opportunist’ Tribesmen?: a Tribal Workforce in a Papua New Guinea Mine1." Oceania 71, no. 2 (December 2000): 129–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1834-4461.2000.tb02731.x.
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Chhabra, S., Sushila Nayar, Akanksha Shishugruha, and Malviya S. "Awareness of Ultrasonography, Preconception during Pregnancy and use of Sonography by Tribal Women -Rural Community based Study." Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences 5, no. 05 (August 9, 2021): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2578-8965/077.
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Background: Ultrasonography (USG) has become part of everyday care of pregnant women in most of the countries of the globe. However like any other technology, it has potential to raise social, ethical, economic dilemmas about benefits, challenges for health providers, beneficiaries of the services. Awareness, utilization of USG by rural tribal women who live in extreme poverty with access problems is not well known. Objective: Community based study was carried out to know awareness of USG amongst rural, tribal, preconception, pregnant women and use of USG during pregnancy. Material methods: Study was conducted in tribal communities of 100 villages where community based mother child care services were initiated after having developed a health facility in one of 100 villages. Total 2400 preconception, 1040 pregnant women of 15-45 years, were interviewed in villages for knowing their awareness about USG, whether pregnant women had USG during pregnancy. Results: Of 2400 preconception women, 626 (26.08%) were not aware of sonography. Of those who knew, 694 (39.1%) said sonography helped in confirmation of pregnancy, 1080 (60.88%) said it helped in knowing fetal age and position. Of 1040 pregnant women also 271 (26.1%) were not aware of USG. Those who knew, sources of information, were Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) in 208 (27%), nurse midwives in 170 (22.1%), family members in 311 (40.4%), doctors in 80 (10.4%). Only 258 (33.5%) of 769 women who knew about USG had got USG done. Of them 82 (31.8%) were told that something was wrong without any details. Conclusion: Study revealed that many rural tribal women did not even know about USG. Community health workers, ASHAs did create awareness of USG in some. Only 25% pregnant women had USG done but without knowing any details of findings.
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Shinde, Shwetangi, Deepika Sadawarte, Neha Shet, and Vijaykumar Singh. "IJCM_30A: A mixed methods study to assess the contributory factors to anaemia among adolescent girls studying in tribal schools in a rural area of Maharashtra." Indian Journal of Community Medicine 49, Suppl 1 (April 2024): S9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_abstract30.
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Background: Anaemia is prevalent globally, notably in marginalized adolescent girls. NFHS-5 reports 59.1% anaemia in Indian adolescent girls. Tribal communities face unique health challenges due to their sociocultural dynamics. The national program for anaemia addresses this, but its implementation in contexts like tribal areas is unexplored. This study integrates quantitative and qualitative data for a thorough understanding of anaemia and its control in tribal settings. Objectives: 1. To estimate the prevalence of anaemia in tribal adolescent girls 2. To explore the awareness of anaemia in tribal adolescent girls 3. To understand the challenges in the implementation of an anaemia control program in a tribal setting Methodology: This 6-month mixed methods study assessed anaemia prevalence among adolescent girls in tribal schools. Using complete enumeration, a 200-sample size was determined, with obtained informed consent and assent. Adolescent girls were administered a questionnaire in their local language to collect information on their socio-demographic status and anaemia-related habits like diet and handwashing among others. Haemoglobin levels were measured using a digital haemoglobinometer. Focus Group Discussions with willing girls explored their understanding of anaemia, its causes and complications. Forced field analysis for ASHA and Anganwadi workers and certain Key Informant Interviews were conducted. Data was collected until saturation. Ethical approval with confidentiality was ensured. Results: The prevalence of anaemia was 70%, indicating a severe public health concern. Among these, 57.1% had mild, 34.3% had moderate, and 8.6% had severe anaemia. Anaemia in girls was statistically associated with specific food groups and habits. Low awareness of anaemia and operational issues in the control program were also identified. Conclusion: To enhance adolescent awareness of anaemia, efforts to improve their understanding of the condition and its impact are necessary. This research is vital for informing policymakers and health practitioners in refining interventions for this specific demographic in Maharashtra.
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Lakhan, Ram, and Madhavaram Thomas Kishore. "Down syndrome in tribal population in India: A field observation." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 7, no. 01 (January 2016): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-3147.172167.
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ABSTRACT Context: Down syndrome (DS) is a prevalent genetic disorder in intellectual disability (ID) in India. Its prevalence in tribal population is not known. Aims: The study aimed to understand the profile of DS in a tribal population with an objective of finding the prevalence of DS among those with ID. Settings and Design: This is a community-based study with a survey design. Subjects and Methods: A door-to-door survey was conducted by trained, community-based rehabilitation workers under close supervision of multidisciplinary team to identify people with ID. A standardized screening instrument National Institute for Mentally Handicapped-Developmental Screening Schedule was used in the survey. All identified ID cases were evaluated by therapists in IDs for diagnosis of ID on developmental screening test and Vineland social maturity scale. Clinical examination was performed by medical doctors for DS on people identified as ID. Only two parents brought their children for further lab investigations at Ashagram Trust, Barwani. Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive statistics was applied manually to treat the data. Results: The frequency of DS population in tribal population closely matches with DS prevalence in the USA. Mothers of DS children in the tribal community are relatively younger. Conclusion: Prevalence of DS in tribal population of India may greatly vary with that of the US data, but it is markedly associated with younger maternal age. Further studies are needed for prevalence and identification of potential correlates of this condition.
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Biyyala, Renuka Biyyala, Ram Sagar Reddy Moola, and Sreedevi Arepalli. "Awareness about mother and child health services among tribal women of reproductive age group in Kurnool division of Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 7 (June 22, 2018): 3111. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20182657.
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Background: Maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity continue to be high in tribal areas despite the existence of various national programmes in India especially due to lack of awareness about MCH services among tribal women. This study was planned with the aim of assessing the knowledge of married tribal women of reproductive age group about MCH services.Methods: This community based longitudinal study was carried out in January to June 2014 in Bairluti, tribal area at Kurnool district in Andhra Pradesh. 168 married women of reproductive age group were selected by simple random sampling. All the participants were interviewed using a predesigned pretested semi structured questionnaire.Results: Awareness about vitamin A supplementation, family planning temporary methods, birth waiting homes, JSY, 108 services was observed to be poor among participants. Awareness about postnatal services, institutional delivery, family planning permanent methods was found to be inadequate. Whereas more than 50% of the study subjects had knowledge regarding antenatal services, home delivery by trained person, complete immunization and feeding practices. Health workers and family members were the major source of information. Literacy status had statistically significant association with knowledge about MCH services. Statistically significant improvement in awareness is observed after educational intervention.Conclusions: Knowledge of tribal women about MCH services was observed to be inadequate. Maternal literacy plays a key role in better utilization of MCH services. IEC activities with health education sessions will help to increase awareness.
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Rochwani, Ritu, and Aman D. Singh. "Perception and practices regarding complimentary feeding among anganwadi workers in Punjab, India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 12 (November 24, 2018): 5205. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20184791.
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Background: Adequate and appropriate nutrition is the key to proper growth and development during the initial years of life. Appropriate complementary feeding depends on accurate information and skilled support from the family, community and health care system. Anganwadi is the focal point for delivering services to beneficiaries in every urban, rural, slum and tribal areas. Anganwadi workers (AWWs) provide health and nutrition education on various aspects of mother and child health. The objectives of the study were to assess perception and practices among Anganwadi workers regarding complimentary feeding.Methods: This was a cross sectional study which was conducted in month of April - May 2014. A total number of 1800 workers were under training programme conducted in department of Community Medicine Government Medical College, Patiala. Purposive sampling was used and 218 anganwadi workers were randomly selected (8 anganwadi workers in each batch were randomly selected) and interviewed Data thus collected and entered in Microsoft excel and statically analysed by Epi Info 7.Results: Only 65.60% anganwadi workers knew correctly about the complimentary feeding that is other food giving in addition to breast feeding. A large percent of anganwadi workers (43.58%) recommended liquid diets for children, nearly all 92.66% anganwadi workers taught mother that during illness feed should not be stopped. Only 43.58% taught mothers regarding consistency of feed to be given to baby.Conclusions: The perceptions and practices of anganwadi workers regarding frequency, quality and quantity of complementary Feeding were not good.
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Zalavadiya, Dhara I., Suraj I. Kuriya, Vihang S. Mazumdar, and Sangita V. Patel. "Experience of anganwadi workers running VCNC under ‘Misssion Balam Sukham’ in a tribal area of Gujarat, India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 8 (July 22, 2017): 2853. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20173334.
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Background: State Government has started a programme “Mission Balam Sukham” to combat the malnutrition with 3 tier approach including Village Child Nutrition Center (VCNC), Child Malnutrition Treatment Center (CMTC) and Nutrition Rehabilitation Center (NRC). Present study was conducted with the objectives to compare the availability of articles present at anganwadies and VCNCs and to know the experience of anganwadi workers running VCNC. Methods: Ten VCNCs from Naswadi block were selected by systemic random sampling and compared with 10 anganwadies as control group from nearby block Sankheda to check the availability of necessary articles. Ten anganwadi workers who ran the VCNCs for 1 month were interviewed about their experience of running VCNC. Results: There were not major differences in availability of articles like weight machine, MUAC tap, IMNCI (Integrated management of neonatal and childhood illnesses) chart, utensils for cooking, soap and water supply, common medicines and food articles between control anganwadies and VCNCs. Some of the articles like referral slips and thermometer were lacking at control anganwadies as well as VCNCs. Anganwadi workers (AWW) did not get enough medicines and functioning weighing scales and proper training before starting the VCNCs. Conclusions: VCNC needs to supply proper medicine stocks, functional weighing scale and other necessary articles to make the programme successful. AWWs also need the proper training to identify and treat the malnutrition at anganwadi centres.
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Mathur, Medha, Piyush Parmar, and Navgeet Mathur. "Study of determinants of contraceptive practices and impact assessment of counselling on acceptance of contraception in tribal area of Rajasthan, India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 7 (June 28, 2019): 2933. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20192828.
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Background: Unmet need of family planning affects the society by uncontrolled population explosion. Tribal population being socioeconomic deprived group requires special attention for contraceptive needs. This study was planned to study the determinants of contraceptive practices and impact of intervention in the form of counselling over the family planning acceptance behaviour.Methods: This community based longitudinal study was conducted for duration of six months in selected areas of Udaipur district, by two stage sampling method. Baseline data was collected followed by counselling of non-users of contraception and later on collection of post intervention data for comparison.Results: Out of total 422 study subjects, 193 (45.7%) were contraceptive users and 229 (54.3%) were non-users. All the participants had knowledge about permanent method (100%) of sterilization followed by barrier methods (62%). Non-users of contraception were counselled and their practices improved significantly (p<0.001) afterwards.Conclusions: The knowledge of family planning methods is present inadequately among tribal and non-tribal eligible couples and actual practice of contraceptive use is lacking which requires efforts of health workers thorough counselling to change their attitude towards adoption of family planning practices.
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SenthilKumar, Sri Varsha, Gowthamkarthic Ravichandhiran, Soumya Agadi, Abhinandan R. Wali, and Prashant Dhongadi. "Quality of life and caste discrimination among the tribal population, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India: A community-based cross-sectional study." Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 13, no. 4 (April 2024): 1278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1188_23.
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ABSTRACT Background: According to the 2011 census in Tamil Nadu, out of a total population of 721.47 lakhs, 7.95 lakhs were scheduled tribes (STs), which constitutes about 1.1% of ST in Tamil Nadu and 0.8% of ST compared to the total ST population in India. A brief understanding of India’s caste system and its evolution over time was required to determine caste-based discrimination. Hence, they are vulnerable and isolated due to this untouchability in the caste system. This study focuses on the quality of life (QOL) and caste discrimination among the tribal population of Chengalpattu district. Further, it provides suggestions to improve the QOL and to put an end to discrimination. Methodology: It is a community-based cross-sectional study, conducted among 300 participants among the tribal population in Chengalpattu district by a systematic random sampling technique. Results: The QOL scores were further converted into categorical variables by obtaining the mean score and dividing the group into those who got a score above the mean and those below the mean. They were labeled as good and poor QOL. More than half of them (52.7%) had poor QOL. Almost two-third of the workers had poor QOL in the social relationship (60.7%) and psychological (64%) domains, and nearly half in the physical (52.7%) and environmental (52.7%) domains. Out of 300 participants included in the analyses, 141 (47%) participants reported experiencing discrimination a few times a year/a few times a month. Conclusion: This study found that the tribal population in Chengalpattu district has poor social and psychological QOL compared to QOL in the environmental and physical domains. In spite of many government initiatives, a wide range of issues and problems are being faced by the tribals in India. Hence, we recommend strategies to improve the physical, social, and psychological well-being of this vulnerable population through strict legislation. The other component regarding discrimination concluded that caste but not socio-economic class is closely linked with perceived discrimination among the tribal population in Chengalpattu district and their responses to unfair treatment.
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Karakayalı, Nedim. "Metamorphoses of the “Stranger”: Jews in Europe, Polish Peasants in America, Turks in Germany." New Perspectives on Turkey 29 (2003): 37–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0896634600006105.
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The increase in population of wood and mountain barbarian tribes on one hand, and the increasing demand for labor in the developing culture areas on the other created, with increasing wealth, numerous lower or unclean services. When the local resident population declined to take them over, these occupations fell into the hands of alien workers of foreign origin who were permanently lodged in urban areas but retained their tribal affiliations (Max Weber, 1968 [1923], p. 12).
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Ranjan Singh, Akash. "Action plan to improve TB notification in a tribal district of Madhya Pradesh." MOJ Public Health 10, no. 2 (September 24, 2021): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojph.2021.10.00360.
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One of the main bottlenecks of the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) in district Shahdol is inadequate notification of the TB patientsi.e.123 against the target 197 per lakh. An operationally feasible action plan was prepared by the district TB Programme. The objective was to improve this through engaging all stakeholders involved in notification care pathway. At community level engaging community healers, private practitioners, timely disbursement of honorarium to DOT providers and removing language barriers were emphasized. Also, the capacity building of peripheral workers, timely grievance redressal and regular monitoring was plan focus in order to improve the TB notification.
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Gupta, Vishnu K., Neeraj Rai, Neelam Anupama Toppo, Pradeep Kumar Kasar, and Parul Nema. "An epidemiological study of prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors among non migratory tribal population of Mawai block of Mandla district of central India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 3 (February 24, 2018): 957. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20180464.
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Background: Hypertension is the most recognized modifiable risk factor of CVD, stroke and end stage renal disease and it is directly responsible for 57% of all stroke and 24% of all coronary heart disease related deaths in India. There is paucity of data on hypertension among tribal population. Addiction of Nicotine and some cultural practices like alcohol intake is common in tribal, which are the known risk factor for NCDs. Therefore, the study of health status of tribal communities related to hypertension, is highly desirable and essential. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of hypertension and associate risk factors among non migratory tribal population. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from March 2015 to February 2016 among 762 adults aged 20-65 years who were non migratory residents of Mawai block of Mandla districts, and they were selected through multi stage random sampling method. Results: Hypertension prevalence was 27.1% among study population. 82.2% study subjects had never undergone for blood pressure check-up. Prevalence was significantly associated with high age group. It was slightly more among the study subjects taking mixed diet than to pure vegetarian. Smoking and alcohol intake was found to be significantly associated with hypertension. It was more prevalent among mild and sedentary workers and association was significant with BMI ≥25. Conclusions: In the study every fourth study individual is Hypertensive, where smoking (in any form) and obesity was found as commonest risk factor for it.
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Chavan, S. M., C. D. Pandya, P. K. Modi, and P. D. Verma. "OYSTER MUSHROOM CULTIVATION- A LOW COST ENTERPRISE ADOPTED BY TRIBAL ENTREPRENEURS TRAINED UNDER ASCI SCHEME OF MINISTRY OF MSDE, GOI." Gujarat Journal of Extension Education 2022, no. 1 (November 25, 2022): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.56572/gjoee.2022.si.0010.
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India is primarily an agriculture based country and provides vast potential for the cultivation of mushrooms due to ample availability of raw materials and favorable climatic conditions. Mushroom production is simple, low cost and plays a significant role to alleviate poverty and generate employment opportunity for educated unemployed youth in rural and semi-urban areas. Agriculture Skill Council of India (ASCI) working under the aegis of Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship (MSDE), upgrading skills of farmers, wage workers, self-employed & extension workers engaged in organized / unorganized segments of Agriculture & Allied Sectors. Under this project a skill development training programme of 200 hrs namely 'Mushroom Grower' had been allotted to KVK Tapi during 2018-19 with a total allocation of 1.65 lakhs. Total 20 tribal participants were actively participated. As per the guideline of MSDE, after completion of training, post monitoring and tracking of mushroom grower were also followed. 40% trained participants adopted this technology and commenced oyster mushroom production. Worth of 0.25 lakh to 4.00 lakh were earned by the entrepreneurs. By this way, Government Initiatives i.e. upgrading skills of farmers, wage workers and make them self-employed through ASCI scheme have been proved by uplifting the rural livelihood.
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Sommerfeld, David H., Elise Trott Jaramillo, Erik Lujan, Emily Haozous, and Cathleen E. Willging. "Health Care Access and Utilization for American Indian Elders: A Concept-Mapping Study." Journals of Gerontology: Series B 76, no. 1 (September 7, 2019): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbz112.
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Abstract Objectives Inequities in access to and utilization of health care greatly influence the health and quality of life of American Indian elders (AIEs). This study explores the importance and perceived prevalence of factors affecting health care use within this population and assesses the changeability of these factors to produce a list of action items that are timely and relevant to improving health care access and utilization. Method Concept mapping was conducted with AIEs (n = 65) and professional stakeholders (n = 50), including tribal leaders, administrators of public-sector health systems, outreach workers, and health care providers. Data were analyzed using multidimensional scaling and cluster analyses. Results The final concept-map model comprised nine thematic clusters related to factors affecting elder health care: Difficulties Obtaining and Using Insurance; Insecurity from Lack of Knowledge; Limited Availability of Services; Scheduling Challenges; Provider Issues and Relationships; Family and Emotional Challenges; Health-Related Self-Efficacy and Knowledge; Accessibility and Transportation Barriers; and Tribal/National Policy. Discussion Findings suggest that improvements in access to and utilization of health care among AIEs will require actions across multiple domains, including health system navigation services, workforce improvements, and tribal, state, and federal policy. A multilevel socioecological approach is necessary to organize and undertake these actions.
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de Kock, A. "Being a Church through Religious Learning at the Street Level." Ecclesial Practices 2, no. 2 (October 28, 2015): 217–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22144471-00202004.
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How can religious learning-processes found in the missionary context of youth work and the guidance of these learning processes be understood religious-pedagogically? To answer this question, the results of fieldwork carried out in two Dutch cases of Christian youth work outside the church are presented and given religious pedagogical reflection. Religious learning processes appear to be situated in the encounter between youngster and youth worker; that is the encounter through living and acting together as well as through shared discussing of personal, societal and religious questions. This article discusses how such an encounter is related to the position of the church, concerning Scripture and regarding youth workers. It is discussed that churches own social forces for renewing their own practices as well as for supporting communities outside the institute leading in the direction of tribal communities that can meet the challenges and needs of a new generation of Christian youth.
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Behera, Priyamadhaba, Hrishikesh Munshi, Yogeshwar Kalkonde, Mahesh Deshmukh, and Abhay Bang. "Control of scabies in a tribal community using mass screening and treatment with oral ivermectin -A cluster randomized controlled trial in Gadchiroli, India." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 4 (April 16, 2021): e0009330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009330.
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Background Scabies is often endemic in tribal communities and difficult to control. We assessed the efficacy of a community-based intervention using mass screening and treatment with oral ivermectin in controlling scabies. Methods/ Findings In this cluster randomised controlled trial, 12 villages were randomly selected from a cluster of 42 tribal villages in Gadchiroli district. In these villages, trained community health workers (CHWs) conducted mass screening for scabies. The diagnosis was confirmed by a physician. Six villages each were randomly allocated to the intervention and usual care arm (control arm). In the intervention arm (population 1184) CHWs provided directly observed oral ivermectin to scabies cases and their household contacts. In the usual care arm (population 1567) scabies cases were referred to the nearest clinic for topical treatment as per the standard practice. The primary outcome was prevalence of scabies two months after the treatment. Secondary outcomes were prevalence of scabies after twelve months of treatment and prevalence of impetigo after two and twelve months of treatment. Outcomes were measured by the team in a similar way as the baseline. The trial was registered with the clinical trial registry of India, number CTRI/2017/01/007704. In the baseline, 2 months and 12 months assessments 92.4%, 96% and 94% of the eligible individuals were screened in intervention villages and 91.4%, 91.3% and 95% in the usual care villages. The prevalence of scabies in the intervention and usual care arm was 8.4% vs 8.1% at the baseline, 2.8% vs 8.8% at two months [adjusted relative risk (ARR) 0.21, 95% CI 0.11–0.38] and 7.3% vs 14.1% (ARR 0.49, 95% CI 0.25–0.98) at twelve months The prevalence of impetigo in the intervention and usual care arm was 1.7% vs 0.6% at baseline, 0.6% vs 1% at two months (ARR 0.55, 95% CI 0.22–1.37) and 0.3% vs 0.7% at 12 months (ARR 0.42, 95% CI 0.06–2.74). Adverse effects due to ivermectin occurred in 12.1% of patients and were mild. Conclusions Mass screening and treatment in the community with oral ivermectin delivered by the CHWs is superior to mass screening followed by usual care involving referral to clinic for topical treatment in controlling scabies in this tribal community in Gadchiroli.
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Dehury, Ranjit Kumar. "Assessment of Tribal Healthcare Infrastructure for Delivery of Maternal Health Program in Balasore District, Odisha, India." Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management 16, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24083/apjhm.v16i3.999.
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Introduction: There are still large number of maternal deaths in India nearing up to 50,000 deaths in a year which is one sixth of the world in recent years. Odisha (India) is also not performing well in maternal health care management despite its commitment in MDG and SDG. Odisha constitute 23% of tribal population, where the maternal mortality is very high and difficult to provide health services, particularly maternal health services. The study aims to assess provision of necessary health services for pregnant women in an inaccessible tribal pockets. Methods: The study was conducted in Balasore district, Odisha (India) where a sizable population is consisting of various indigenous tribes, particularly in some blocks. The Parijata tool was used to assess various health care facilities which was developed by UNICEF and ARTH, Rajasthan. By this, availability of basic things like manpower, drugs and consumables are assessed along with laid down clinical practices and procedures. Results: The study found that there is lack of provisioning of health services in healthcare facilities. Both District hospital at Balasore and Sub-district hospitals lack basic services recommended by WHO for taking care of women. Further, the effort of government to implement a uniform program across the state hinder the tailoring of services for tribal pockets. Conclusion: The study provides remedial measures for improving the role and functioning of grass roots workers, integrating indigenous medicine with biomedicine, and revamping health information system to incorporate cultural features, thereby improving its utilization in the study area. The study raised critical issues about potential of maternal health program to deliver effective care of pregnant women in tribal dominated areas.
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Bhakta, Madhumita, Jasmin Nilima Panda, and Durga Madhab Satapathy. "IJCM_73A: Knowledge, attitude, practice, and perception of women regarding breastfeeding- A mixed method study conducted in the tribal areas of Koraput, India." Indian Journal of Community Medicine 49, Suppl 1 (April 2024): S21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_abstract73.
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Background: Breastfeeding is one of the most effective ways to ensure a child’s health and survival. Contrary to WHO recommendations, fewer than half of infants under 6 months old are exclusively breastfed. Although we know about breastfeeding practices in urban and rural populations, very little knowledge is available about breastfeeding practices and their correlates among the tribal population. Objectives: 1. To assess the knowledge, attitude and practices prevailing among tribal women about breastfeeding 2. To explore the facilitators and barriers to infant breastfeeding practices amongst women in tribal areas. Methodology: Study design- Mixed method study. Study period- May, 2023 to July, 2023 Study population- tribal women of Koraput district. Study setting- villages in Koraput Inclusion criteria- 1. Women belonging to Scheduled Tribe communities. 2. Having at least one living issue. 3. Residing in their respective villages during the study period. Exclusion criteria- 1. Those who did not consent to the study. 2. Not residing in their respective villages. Sampling- Multistage sampling. Sample size- 500. Results: 78.6% of mothers belong to the age group 21-30 years, 93.4% were literate whereas 6.6% were illeterate, 88% were housewives with 78.8% belonging from joint family. Majority of them had good knowledge regarding breastfeeding, though they lacked clarity on the concept of exclusive breastfeeding. Majority of their knowledge about breastfeeding was from relatives or neighbours and healthcare workers. having multiple children in quick succession serves as a major barrier to exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusion: The findings can form targeted interventions and policy initiatives to reduce the barriers and promote the facilitating factors for optimal breastfeeding practices within this unique cultural setting, ultimately contributing to improved maternal and child health outcomes.
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Mandal, Subrata, and Uday Das. "Studies on Diversity of Natural Dye Yielding Plants of Birbhum and Burdwan Districts of West Bengal, India." International Journal of Economic Plants 9, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 022–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/2/2022.0433.
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The present study is based on extensive survey, collection of ethnobotanical information, indigenous knowledge and review of relevant literature on the traditional dye yielding plant resources used by the different tribal and rural peoples of Birbhum and Burdwan districts of West Bengal. Field investigation was carried out in different villages and adjacent forest pockets in these districts. Total 32 natural dye yielding plants were reported. These 32 taxa spread over 30 species, 29 genera and 22 families of dicotyledons and 2 species, 2 genera and 2 families of monocotyledons. Among the recorded plant species, 26 are found in wild and 6 are grown as cultivated crops and as garden plants. The investigated plants have been enumerated alphabetically depending upon their botanical names along with their local and tribal names, parts used, name of the dye etc. Some noteworthy dye yielding plants are- Bixa orellana, Butea monosperma, Calotropis gigantea, Carthamus tinctorius, Curcuma longa, Lawsonia inermis and Nyctanthes arbor-tristis. The data of this study can further be exploited by the workers in the fields of phytochemistry, genetics, food and textile industries, conservation biology, etc.
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FERNÁNDEZ, FERNANDO, JACQUES HUBERT CHARLES DELABIE, and IVAN CARDOSO DO NASCIMENTO. "Diaphoromyrma, a new myrmicine ant genus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from North Eastern Brazil." Zootaxa 2204, no. 1 (August 20, 2009): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2204.1.5.
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Diaphoromyrma sofiae, new genus and new species, is a Myrmicinae ant described from workers from the State of Bahia, Brazil. This taxon is characterized by the following traits: Antenna 9-segmented with 2-segmented club, trapezoidal promesonotum in dorsal view, propodeal spiracles situated on the propodeal edges, and the fourth abdominal sternite with a pair of rounded recurved anterolateral extensions which curve up onto the dorsal surface of the segment. Apparently this ant is close to the genera Allomerus and Diplomorium in the Solenopsidini, but its tribal attribution remains difficult because of the inadequate resolution of the phylogenetic relationships within the Myrmicinae.
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Abraham, Mutluri. "Perceptions of the tribal population on grama Sachivalayam (Village secretariat) concept and its services in the tribal areas of Visakhapatnam: An empirical study." Journal of Contemporary Research in Social Sciences 5, no. 1 (November 3, 2023): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.55214/26410249.v5i1.327.
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The Government of Andhra Pradesh historically brought a new administrative system in Andhra Pradesh on the occasion of the 150th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi on 02-10-2029. The name of the system is grama sachivalayam in villages and ward sachivalayam in urban areas. A total of 11,158 village secretariats and 3,786 ward secretariats have been established across the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. The government of Andhra Pradesh recruited 1.26 lakhs various staff members and 2.8 lakh ward/village volunteers in Andhra Pradesh to run the ward/gram secretariat system. The main aim of the Grama/Ward Sachivalayam is to deliver the Navaratnalu and other state and central government welfare programmes/schemes to the poor and needy population of Andhra Pradesh. It is a new system established four years back. This is a descriptive study. The study applied a multistage sampling method and collected data from 136 tribal households through the structured interview schedule. The study found that the village secretariat system reached the grassroots levels, and agency areas and helped many tribal people living the below poverty line. The people in the tribal areas are fully satisfied with this village secretariat concept and village volunteer concept. They easily access the government welfare and development schemes at their doorsteps with the help of village volunteers. There is a lot of scope for professional social workers to develop a bridge between the government and villagers. Dealing the political pressure is a challenge to the sachivalayam staff in the selection and implementation of schemes.
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S., Latha, Kamala S., and Srikanth S. "Newborn care practices in a tribal community in tamilnadu: a qualitative study." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 4, no. 3 (April 25, 2017): 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20171688.
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Background: Neonatal mortality is high in tribal areas. Cultural practices influence the newborn health outcomes in tribal communities. Each tribe has its own unique practices on newborn rearing. Little scientific information is available on the beliefs and practices related to essential newborn care among tribes in Tamilnadu. An understanding of the tribe specific newborn care practices by health workers could facilitate them to provide effective newborn care.Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in Sittilingi tribal area in Dharmapuri district of Tamilnadu during the period August and September 2016. The data was collected by In-Depth interviews of 10 mothers with infants, selected by Snow ball sampling method. Local newborn care beliefs and practices were explored and analysis of their beneficial or harmful effects was carried out.Results: The findings show that beneficial practices like utilizing antenatal services, institutional deliveries, delayed bathing and measures to prevent infection were adopted. Harmful practices being followed included late initiation of breastfeeding, denying colostrum, feeding prelacteals, improper thermal care and application of indigenous substances on umbilical cord stump.Conclusions: In spite of utilization of health services, traditional beliefs still play a crucial role in influencing neonatal care practices in the study area. The findings necessitate a need for accessing the prevalence of cultural practices by quantitative studies. Midwives being a vital source of information should be aware of local cultural practices in their work place, to plan for effective behavior change among the mothers to preserve safe practices and avoid harmful practices.
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Biju, S., Ranjitha S. Shetty, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, and Shrikanth Gouspure. "IJCM_204A: A qualitative research to identify the barriers and facilitating factors in the utilization of healthcare services by a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) in Udupi District." Indian Journal of Community Medicine 49, Suppl 1 (April 2024): S59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_abstract204.
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Background: Udupi district hosts two major Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTG) namely Malaikudiya and Koraga. Koraga tribes are declining in number and deprived of availability of healthcare services and accessibility to healthcare facilities. There are a lot of barriers such as lack of awareness and social stigma amalgamate the existing conditions of Koraga tribes in Udupi district. Research studies pertaining to this problem has been seldom done. Objective: We aim to explore the barriers and facilitating factors in accessing healthcare services by a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) in Udupi district. Methodology: We conducted qualitative research through 8 in-depth interviews with AMOs from PHC and CHC, ITDP staff and NGO workers, and 3 focus group discussions with community health nurses, ASHA workers, and Koraga community leaders from Udupi district. We explored the major facilitators and barriers that influence the utilization of health care services by the PVTG. Results: On the beneficiaries’ point of view, lack of awareness, distance to health facilities, poor public transportation, perceived negative behavior of hospital staff, lack of infrastructure, unwelcoming neighbourhood approaches, and economic instability were the main barriers to utilizing healthcare facilities. On the stakeholders (providers) point of view, availability of healthcare facilities, government policies and schemes and NGO activities are the facilitating factors. Conclusion: Our study highlights the barriers to utilizing health facilities; these are not always driven by factors linked to the PVTG members’ socio- economic status but also depend significantly on the quality of the health services and other contextual factors. Although the government has made efforts to improve the rural healthcare system through national-level programs, our qualitative study shows that there are a number of barriers which lessens the effectiveness of the programs to enhance the utilization of healthcare facilities by the PVTG in the study area.
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Bhardwaj, Ashok, Mitasha Singh, Sanjay Kumar, and Piyush Sharma. "Community-based assessment for infant, under-5 child and maternal mortality in tribal population of Himachal Pradesh, India." Journal of the College of Community Physicians of Sri Lanka 29, no. 4 (December 31, 2023): 224–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jccpsl.v29i4.8605.
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Introduction: Infant and child mortality rates are sensitive indicators of health services of any community. Tribal populations remain a disadvantaged group among other communities and the indicator of their accessibility and availability of health services is the infant and maternal mortality rates.Objectives: To assess reliable estimates and causes for the child (less than five year of age) mortality rate and maternal mortality ratio (MMR) of tribal population of Himachal Pradesh, and the maternal and child health services and facilities available in their health institutionsMethods: A community-based surveillance study was conducted in 2019-20 on the deaths of all children (less than five year of age) and maternal deaths in the entire population of two tribal districts i.e., Kinnaur and Lahau l & Spiti, and of two tribal blocks of Chamba District in the state of Himachal Pradesh. Sub-centres (SC) remained under the study for a period of one year. Verbal autopsies were conducted to ascertain the cause of death by community workers under the supervision of project staff. In addition, a cross-sectional facility survey was conducted, Health institution data were gathered using a pre-tested structured schedule adapted from the National Health Mission Facility Assessment Tool.Results: Majority (85%) of the SCs were functioning in Kinnaur District and 66% at Lahaul & Spiti District. In the latter district, the labour room was functional at primary health center (PHC). Civil and district hospitals were preferred for delivery while SC and PHC were preferred for preventive services. The infant mortality rate (IMR) of all districts was 24 per 1000 live births (LB). Most of the deaths were in post neonatal period (62%). Birth asphyxia and pneumonia were major causes. The 1-5-year mortality rate was 1 per 1000 LB, which was only reported from the district of Chamba. There were zero maternal mortalities during the survey period.Conclusions & Recommendations: The IMR in tribal districts was higher than the state average. Most deaths were due to birth asphyxia, hence indicates the importance of labour room preparedness at PHCs in these hard-to-reach areas.
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Harter, John-Henry. "Histories of Environmental Coalition Building in British Columbia." Labour / Le Travail 90 (November 25, 2022): 203–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.52975/llt.2022v90.008.
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On 3 February 1989, leaders of the British Columbia labour movement, members of the environmental movement, and representatives from the Nuu-chah-nulth-aht Tribal Council (ntc) gathered to meet at Tin Wis, the ntc meeting space, in Tofino, BC, to discuss an alliance around environmental issues on the West Coast of Vancouver Island. This article takes this meeting, and subsequent alliance, as a way to explore the impact, potential, and contested meanings of alliances forged among workers, environmentalists, and First Nations in British Columbia in the late 20th century and beyond. In this way, the article examines from a historical perspective what sociologists have framed as the period of new social movements.
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Roy, Shubhadeep, Govind Pal, Neeraj Singh, Sudarshan Maurya, SK Singh, DR Bhardwaj, and TK Behera. "Study on socio-economic condition of Tribal farmers in Sonbhadra district of Uttar Pradesh." Vegetable Science 49, no. 02 (December 26, 2022): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.61180/vegsci.2022.v49.i2.15.
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The economy of Sonbhadra district is mainly dependent on agriculture. The district has the highest percentage of forest area among all districts of Uttar Pradesh and the district is also called as Energy Capital of India. Sonbhadra district has highest Scheduled Tribe (ST) population in Uttar Pradesh and constituting 20.67 per cent in total district population. The present study was based on primary and secondary data collected to study the socio-economic condition of tribal farmers and status of agriculture in Sonbhadra district. The analysis of secondary information and data shows that net area sown and forest cover was 28.26 per cent and 50.36 per cent of total area respectively in the district. The cropping intensity and irrigation intensity of the district was 151.34 and 172.96 respectively. Wheat crop has the highest share in area (22.93 per cent) followed by paddy (15.77 per cent), maize (4.98 per cent), arhar (3.54 per cent) and gram (3.36 per cent) in the district. Total number of land holdings in the district was around 2.03 lakhs and 84.14 per cent land holdings in the district belongs to marginal and small category of land holding. Classification of population shows that district has highest share of marginal workers followed by agricultural labour, other workers, farmers and family labour. Around 61 per cent population in the district were illiterate. The analysis of primary information and data shows that average age of surveyed farmers was 40.1 years with majority of farmers (68.4 per cent) belongs to age group 35-50 years. Majority of farmers getting agriculture related information from neighbor friends and relative followed by radio, progressive farmers, officials of SHGs and NGOs and newspaper. The productivity of almost all the crops at farmers level was less than the district average. There is a high potential to increase the farm productivity. Share of marketed surplus in total production (Roy et al. 2019) was very less at farmers’ level showing major portion of the farm production was consumed as family need. Around 67 per cent farmers are taking credit from bank followed by money lender and Self Help Groups. Consumption expenditure details of farmers shows that around 36 per cent of their expenditure on food items which consists of 22.63 per cent on foodgrains, 4.18 per cent on pulses, 5.20 per cent on vegetables and 3.53 per cent on other food items (Roy et al. 2020). The findings of the present study are crucial for future planning towards upliftment of socio-economic condition of the tribal farmers and improvement in status of agriculture in Sonbhadra district of Uttar Pradesh.