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Rajni, Beck Renuca. "Tribal women in the democratic political process: study of tribal women in the Dooars and Terai regions of North Bengal." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2713.
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Gaassand, Margrethe. "Women’s representation in spaces of participation and power : A study of tribal and non-tribal women in local systems of governance in Orissa, India." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Geografisk institutt, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-17042.
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This study investigates the real representation of women in two villages in Orissa, India. Through my own feminist lens I have brought in theory of spaces of participation and power and hence linked this to the concept of real participation. Women from three different ranges within the local social hierarchies have participated in this study by sharing their knowledge, and I have tried to connect their stories and knowledge to political geography by captivating how they are represented in local governance. Representation is an important concept throughout this study, and it concerns how people feel that their interests are being represented and listened to. The study reveals women’s constrains and enabling factors to participate in formal or public spaces of governance. The studied women show that they lack real access to the invited spaces of participation in their local villages and thus they lack access to real representation through public spaces. This study also investigates the links between different spaces of representation, and shows that real representation is vital in women’s lives. When in practice excluded from the local public spaces of governance, these women claim spaces of participation and power by creating their own spaces of representation in the counter-publics.
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Sangster, Alesha Marie. "Narratives of Native American Women and Tribal Courts: The Framing of the Violence Against Women Act of 2013 in Mainstream, Native American, and Tribal Press Coverage." PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3316.
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The Violence Against Women Act is a legislation created to expand more legal rights and services to survivors of domestic violence or intimate partner violence. Frame analysis was used to examine the coverage of the Violence Against Women Act of 2013 in three genres of press media: mainstream press, Native American press, and tribal press. Based on the media frames produced in the three media genres, the legislation was presented as more of a conflicting or controversial issue in mainstream press through the use of the conflict frame and the "Indian as other" frame. But all news coverage also presented two emergent frames--the tribal sovereignty frame and the women's rights frame--that explained the importance of expanding tribal sovereignty in order to protect Native American women on reservations. The news coverage of VAWA 2013 in all press genres also included perspectives from federal and state governmental sources as well as perspectives from tribal governments, Native American organizations, and social service agencies. This report concludes by discussing the implications of the media frames and occupational source use in terms of the three media genres.
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Adegoke, Ebenezer Olalekan. "A study of the role of women in the burial rituals of the Ife of southwestern Nigeria." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1995. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-study-of-the-role-of-women-in-the-burial-rituals-of-the-ife-of-southwestern-nigeria(2fe0ba0a-eda2-4c21-9ee6-5cf5fd416d98).html.
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Manuelito-Kerkvliet, Cassandra. "Widening the circle : mentoring and the learning process for American Indian women in tribal college administration /." view abstract or download file of text, 2005. http://www.lib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3181109.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2005.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-104). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Bowen, Carissa Jeanae. "Violence against Women Reauthorization Act of 2013 and Sexual Violence on Tribal Land| A Policy Analysis." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10827338.
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The purpose of this thesis is to provide a policy analysis of the Violence Against Women's Reauthorization Act of 2013. Specific emphasis was placed on the prevalence of sexual violence within AI/AN communities and how the legislative act provides protection for people experiencing domestic violence, dating violence, or the violation of protective orders. Specifically, this thesis used David Gil's analytic framework to evaluate the policy; its strengths and limitations, and its impact on tribal sovereignty and tribal criminal jurisdiction. The analysis shows that while VAWA 2013 has worked to restore tribal sovereignty and prevent the act of domestic violence within tribal nations, it has not gone far enough in addressing sexual violence amongst AI/AN women. As a result of discussing these issues, the project demonstrates the importance of addressing the human rights of AI/AN women living on tribal land. Implications for social work are discussed.
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Kimani-Nuttall, Muthoni J. "Tribal drums on the information superhighway : telematics and local community development in Kenya and South Africa." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298110.
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This thesis is concerned with the role of new information and communication technologies (lCTs) in community development. Bhalla and James (1988) have stated, 'The rapidly advancing scientific and technological frontier will inevitably have monumental consequences for the Third World ... Equally predictable, however, is that modem technologies will be deployed in developing countries ... ' With this in mind, questions central to the current research are asked: Is Africa being left behind in the new information revolution? Will the new ICTs aid deVelopment in African countries, and in particular, are local communities going to be empowered or marginalized? Is there room for optimism? To address these questions and investigate the potential of ICTs to aid community development, the author outlines the importance of community development, particularly the role played by small enterprises and women in development (Chapter Two). Further, the chapter looks at the information needs of these economic sectors and the intermediary bodies that have been formed to assist them. Chapter Three seeks to show the importance of technology within the development process, and in particular, the importance of local capacities and local technologies. These are deemed necessary for technology blending which adapts new technologies to local circumstances. In Chapter Four, the author reviews the growth ofICTs and related institutions identifying constraints that have been encountered and how they are being addressed. Significant is the discovery that African telecommunications generate higher profits than those in other parts of the world; this should allow efficiency gains which should permit major expansion in ICTs within current investment levels. Reports on field research carried out in Kenya and South Africa are given in Chapter Five. In both countries, small enterprises and women's development were identified as key players in community development. To this end, intermediary organizations involved in these two areas were identified for study: the Women's Bureau and the Kenya Industrial Estates in Kenya; and the Women's National Coalition, the Small Businesses Advisory Bureau, BRIDGES and Mamelodi in South Africa. Whilst all the organizations were providing benefits to target communities, the South African organizations showed greater capacity for delivering assistance. All demonstrated high management skills and exploited the new opportunities provided through a sound infrastructure and a political will, to extend assistance to local communities in various ways. The final Chapter draws reasoned conclusions pointing out three necessary success factors: infrastructure, management skills and political will. With these three critical factors in mind, the author makes recommendations to government, commerce and industry, agencies serving local communities, international agencies and to researchers. To this end, the thesis makes a contribution of value to all potential stakeholders. It also provides guidance to future researchers into African development.
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Anderson, Ginette. "Women in Arabia from 500-650 CE : their role in tribal conflict from both social and religious perspectives." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21279.
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The thesis examines the role of women in Arabia in the period 500-600 CE during tribal conflict from both social and religious perspectives. The study draws on historical texts, Biblical and Islamic religious works, literature and poetry with appropriate use of archaeological material. Chapter One is the introduction, discussing methodology and source materials. The thesis is then divided into two parts. The first part deals with the social role of women in war, beginning in Chapter Two with a discussion of their position in tribal society. Chapter Three focuses on warfare specifically on the participation of women in war as a social function including leadership roles. The second part examines the role of women in the cultic life of the tribe and the religious aspect of warfare. Chapter Four defines the role of women in pagan cults. Chapter Five deals with the cult of al-'Uzza, noting specifically her nature as a warrior deity and the implications this has for warfare. Chapter Six discusses the religious aspect of war, concentrating specially on the ritual function of women in battle. The Conclusion sums up the results of the research and demonstrates the interrelation of the two aspects of women's participation arena of tribal conflict.
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Natrall, Marie Frances. "Effectiveness of the Special Domestic Violence Criminal Jurisdiction of the Tulalip Tribe." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7706.
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Native American women have been historically disadvantaged as victims of domestic violence. These hardships were primarily due to a policy that limited Native American tribes’ criminal jurisdiction over non-Native individuals on Native American reservations. This policy changed with the passage of the Special Domestic Violence Criminal Jurisdiction (SDVCJ) in 2013. This qualitative case study employed the social construction of target populations conceptual framework to explore the experiences of tribal officials and judicial officers of the Tulalip tribe. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 9 key informants selected through purposeful sampling on the basis of their role within the Tulalip tribe’s SDVCJ. Data were sorted, organized, and coded by hand using a deductive thematic analysis to identify key themes. The key themes were leadership, protection against domestic violence, healing, accountability, training, and increased work. These conclusions may be useful to extend protection to individuals not protected under SDVCJ, which include Native American children, men, and elders who may also be victims of domestic violence.
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Calvert, Catherine. "Portraits of Women’s Leadership after Participation in a Culturally Based University Tribal College Partnership." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1387487824.
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McClure, Rosemary O. ""These Are Preying Grounds" - How the Tulalip Tribes of Washington State are Fighting Violence Against Native American Women." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/204.
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Domestic violence and sexual assault rates are higher on Indian reservations than anywhere else in the country. This text works toward an understanding of sexual violence as a legacy of colonialism. Rather than being rooted in inherent racial or cultural differences, current rates of sexual violence on Indian reservations are a continuation of a historical pattern in which colonizers used rape as a weapon to control, contain, and conquer the Indians. The unique history of racist and sexist oppression inflicted on Native Americans through the institutionalized denial of kinship, culture, sovereignty, and body autonomy has exacerbated the violence while frustrating the healing process. This paper describes how the boarding schools, Indian child removal, PL 280, the Oliphant decision, cultural appropriation, and the sexualized stereotyping of Indian women led to high rates of sexual violence on Indian reservations. It then explores how the Tulalip Tribes of Washington State have been proactive in fighting to end sexual assault and violence on their reservation, through retrocession, a holistic approach to batterer reform, and victim advocacy, while simultaneously lobbying in support of legislation such as the Violence Against Women Act, which would allow the Tribes to acquire criminal jurisdiction over non-Indians.
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Lindley, Lorinda. "A tribal critical race theory analysis of academic attainment a qualitative study of sixteen Northern Arapaho women who earned degrees at the University of Wyoming /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1940057831&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Abdelgadir, Ehsan Mohamed Elriah. "Gender violence in conflict situations : the case of abduction of women and children in Sudan." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/951.
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"The research primarily investigated the causes of abduction of women and children in conflict areas in Sudan. In doing this, it addressed the effects of abduction on women and children and considered some solutions to the problems identified. The study is significant because it examines an area hitherto not addressed that is, the abduction of women and children as a result of conflict between Sudanese tribes. It differs from earlier studies, which limit their examination to the abduction of children as soldiers. An additional aim of this research is to raise the awareness of the international community's efforts at stopping the practice of abduction, with a view of ensuring that the Government of Sudan (GOS) and the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) are educated about the problem. Though the main focus of my research is abduction that arises from clashes among tribes, a portion of it has been dedicated to the issue of abduction of children by the SPLA for the purpose of engaging them as soldiers. Some International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs) described the abduction of women and children as slavery, this allegation arose from the fact that the abductees were subjected to forced labour such as cutting trees for fuel and herding cattle under harsh conditions. However, the Sudanese Government and other INGOs such as the Sudan Foundation in United Kingdom have challenged this claim. Sudan, which is the largest country in Africa, is approximately 2,505,810 sg Km. Its large size constitutes the main obstacle that sets back serious efforts in the area of resolving human rights violations. The illiteracy of the poeole, especially in rural areas, plays an important role in the perpetuation of some repugnant traditions and customs that decrease the chances of interaction among the different tribes and groups in some parts of the Sudan. Disputes of socio-economic nature occasionlly arise between tribes in the war zone areas due to scarcity of water and pasture for the people and the animals. These tribal disputes, which lead to the abduction of women and children of one tribe by another, caused the Ministry of Justice in Sudan to issue an order which led to the establishment of the Committee for the Eradication of Abduction of Women and Children (CEAWC). The Committee of which I am a member, is mandated to investigate and trace abducted women and children for the purpose of retrieval." -- Introduction.Prepared under the supervision of Dr. Sylvia Tamale at the Faculty of Law, Makerere University, Uganda
Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa))--University of Pretoria, 2001.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Zia, Ullah Muhammad. "Honour Killings In Pakistan: Under Theoretical, Legal and Religious Perspectives." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22840.
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This research sets out to examine the main excuses, often mentioned in connection to the so-called “honour killings” in Pakistan. In this way, the aim is to discuss the idea of “honour killings” by looking at trends and patterns in this kind of homicides in Pakistan. This study also explores what legal and judicial obstacles stand in the way of putting an end to the abuse of killing women in the name of honour.The first part is mainly theoretical and analytical. In this part a set of concepts is theorized as the notion of patriarchy, public/private division and cultural globalization. These theories test the empirical data of “honour killing” in the last decade and try to find their role in the society of Pakistan. This study also analyzes the “honour killing” cases in a different way by telling stories. Second part contributes to the research regarding Islam the official religion of Pakistan. This section mainly concerns the status of women in Islam and their rights of life and free will to choose their spouses. This study also tries to remove the misconception in the minds of the West regarding Islamic teachings towards women.This study proceeds mainly under the qualitative method with the supplementary help of quantitative method. At the end, the thesis bears some finding under the abductive technique. The results show that the tested theories have a significant role in upholding the ancient practice of “honour killings” in Pakistan, and Qur’aanic and Prophetic Islam has no link with the abuse of “honour killing” in general. It is ancient tribal phenomena that have entered in some cultural norms of the society.
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Kupo, V. Leilani. "What is Hawaiian?: Explorations and Understandings of Native Hawaiian College Women's Identities." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1273603294.
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Hayes, Dorothy Maora. "Wāhine kaihautū, wāhine whai mana navigating the tides of change : Whakatōhea women and tribal socio-politics : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Māori Studies at Massey University." Massey University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1111.
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This thesis explored the socio-political experiences and views of seven Maori women from the tribe of Whakatahea. The project adopted a Maori-centred theoretical and research approach that included the researcher as a member of the researched group. It aimed to draw out the common themes, from the women's recollections of their experiences and views of the socio-political decision-making affairs within whanau, hapu, and iwi. The women identified barriers to participation and strategies to overcome these barriers. Qualifications reflected traditional Maori values and practices. Rights according to whakapapa, and the principle "he kanohi kitea", being seen, were the obvious criterion. Poor information channels, minimal consultation, gender bias, age and time constraints were some of the issues identified as barriers to participation. It was found that whanau governance committees more closely reflected traditional values and customs that saw women and men as sharing power, more so than hapu and iwi organisations. The gender imbalance was viewed, by the women participants, as problematic. They concluded that better gender balance at all levels of the socio-political affairs of Whakatohea would ensure greater informed decision-making for the social, educational, economic, and spiritual well-being of the tribe today and for future generations.
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Baeten, Jared Murray. "HIV-1 shedding in women : trial of vitamin A /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10910.
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Ntwasa, Bayanda. "Traditional leadership and the use of cultural laws in land administration: implications for rural women's land rights in a transforming South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/134.
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This dissertation critically examines how traditional leaders use cultural laws to allocate land to women and to allow women to participate in land administration in communal areas. Given the government's commitment to gender equity in all spheres of life as stipulated in Section 9 (3) of the South African Constitution (Act 108 of 1996), the dissertation examines whether related legislation and policy (such as CLARA and TLGFA) alone can guarantee equitable access to land for women and their participation in land administration structures in communal areas where patriarchy dominates. In essence, the study interrogates whether state intervention through formalizing laws that govern land matters do achieve gender equity while cultural laws still exist in communal areas. Based on the view that land in communal areas is held by the state and administered by traditional leaders who have historically discriminated against women, the dissertation employs a case study method to examine whether cultural laws are exercised when women apply for a piece of land at the three levels of traditional authority viz: village, sub-village and traditional council levels in the Matolweni village of the Nqadu Tribal Authority. Although women are often the de facto rights holders in rural areas as a result of male migration to urban areas, findings seem to indicate that it is difficult and/or sometimes impossible to translate paper laws into practice while cultural laws are still operating. For effective transformation to occur, the study recommends that unless a strong women's rural movement emerges, coupled with a socialist feminist position that advocates for a radical transformation of rural society to defeat the patriarchal norms and standards, traditional leaders will continue to discriminate against women in land issues.
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Duley, Lelia. "The collaborative eclampsia trial : which anticonvulsant for women with eclampsia." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318986.
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Objective: To estimate reliably the differential effects of anticonvulsants commonly used for the care of women with eclampsia (magnesium sulphate, diazepam and phenytoin). Design: A multicentre collaborative randomized trial. Setting: Twenty seven hospitals in Africa (Ghana, South Africa, Uganda and Zimbabwe), South America (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela) and India. Subjects: 1687 women with eclampsia. Interventions: In some centres magnesium sulphate was compared with diazepam, other centres compared magnesium sulphate with phenytoin. Main outcome measures: The primary measures were maternal death and recurrence of convulsions. Secondary outcomes were measures of serious maternal morbidity and, for women randomized before delivery, perinatal mortality and morbidity. Results: Of the 1687 women recruited, 910 were entered into the comparison of magnesium sulphate with diazepam and 777 into the comparison of magnesium sulphate with phenytoin. Data are available on 1680 (99.6%) of the women, 99% of whom received the anticonvulsant that they had been allocated. In the diazepam arm of the trial, women allocated magnesium sulphate had a 52% lower risk of recurrent convulsions (95% Cl 64% to 37%) than those on diazepam. In the phenytoin arm, women allocated magnesium had a 67% lower risk of recurrent convulsions (95% Cl 79% to 47%) than those on phenytoin. These reductions in the risk of recurrent convulsions were also reflected in non-significant trends to fewer maternal deaths amongst women allocated magnesium sulphate. Conclusions: There is now compelling evidence in favour of magnesium sulphate, rather than diazepam or phenytoin, for the treatment of eclampsia.
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Buttner, Melissa Mercedes. "Efficacy of Yoga for Depressed Postpartum Women: a Randomized Controlled Trial." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4825.
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Postpartum depression (PPD) is a significant public health issue. Up to 20% of women are affected by depression following childbirth. PPD is associated with anxiety, poor adjustment and health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and may lead to a woman's personal suffering, conflict with family members (especially in the relationship with partner) and developmental delays in children. Given the high prevalence of PPD and deleterious effects on both women and their families, adequate treatment is critical. While existing PPD treatments have strong efficacy data, the treatment literature suggests that many depressed postpartum women either do not receive treatment or receive suboptimal care. Further, barriers to care including medication side effects for breastfeeding women, stigma, and treatment preferences influence treatment decision-making. Thus, it may be worthwhile to examine the efficacy of a complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatment option for PPD that is associated with minimal risk and consistent with maternal preferences.
The current investigation examined the efficacy of a Gentle Vinyasa Flow yoga intervention for PPD. Fifty-seven postpartum women with a score of ≥12 on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups − yoga n = 28) or wait-list control (WLC) ((italic)n(/italic) = 29). The yoga intervention lasted 8 weeks, and consisted of 16 classes taught by a certified yoga instructor in a studio and the recommendation to practice once a week at home with the use of a DVD that included a 30 minute yoga sequence. The primary outcome, depression, was assessed using the clinician-rated HDRS and self-report measures. The HDRS was administered over the telephone by blinded raters at baseline and after 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of treatment. Secondary outcomes were anxiety, postpartum adjustment, and HRQOL, with exploratory outcomes including mindfulness and physical activity. These outcomes were assessed using self-report measures completed on the same schedule as that for the HDRS. Growth curve modeling was used to test the hypotheses that women in the yoga group would experience a significantly greater rate of change over the course of the 8-week intervention on primary and secondary outcome measures, relative to the WLC group. As predicted, controlling for age and social anxiety at baseline, women in the yoga group experienced a greater rate of change in depression and well-being scores over the course of the 8-week intervention. The yoga group also experienced a significantly greater rate of improvement on scores of anxiety, postpartum adjustment, HRQOL, and mindfulness over the 8-week intervention, relative to the control group.
These findings support yoga as a promising CAM intervention for PPD; large-scale replication studies are warranted. The findings also shed light on potential mediator and intervention-relevant variables for future research. Yoga is an acceptable and low-risk treatment option that may have broader clinical implications for the PPD treatment literature, and the field of CAM more generally.
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Park, Erica. "The Trials of a Comfort Woman." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/113.
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The trials of a comfort woman was never revealed after the conclusion of WWII. More than half a century has passed before the name was uttered on the international stage. Why the sudden break of silence? What is the response of the Japanese government. In this paper, we discuss the issue of the comfort women and the the political implications it holds on Japan. Japan's failure to accept wartime reparation, largely due to Allied intervention, has resulted in the widening gap between Japan and Asia. This paper focuses on the combination of increased US influence as a result of the San Francisco Treaty of 1951 and Japan’s fervent nationalistic identity served to widen the gap between Japan and other East and Southeast Asian nations, making reconciliation over the issue of comfort women a problem that remains unresolved to this day.
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Deline, Tracy Lynn. "Women in criminal trials in the Julio-Claudian era." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/22477.
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This study focuses on the intersection of three general areas: elite Roman women, criminal law, and Julio-Claudian politics. Chapter one provides background material on the literary and legal source material used in this study and considers the cases of Augustus’ daughter and granddaughter as a backdrop to the legal and political thinking that follows. The remainder of the dissertation is divided according to women’s roles in criminal trials. Chapter two, encompassing the largest body of evidence, addresses the role of women as
defendants, and this chapter is split into three thematic parts that concentrate on charges of
adultery, treason, and other crimes. A recurring question is whether the defendants were
indicted for reasons specific to them or the indictments were meant to injure their male
family members politically. Analysis of these cases reveals that most of the accused women
suffered harm without the damage being shared by their male family members. Chapter three considers that a handful of powerful women also filled the role of prosecutor, a role technically denied to them under the law. Resourceful and powerful imperial women like Messalina and Agrippina found ways to use criminal accusations to remove political enemies. Chapter four investigates women in the role of witnesses in criminal trials. The
final part of the thesis is a prosopographical survey, presenting a case by case analysis of all
the trials considered in this study. The conclusion emphasizes that the changing role of women in Roman politics is striking. The emergence of the senate as the court that heard trials like these is an important development. Women are now seen entering the senate and speaking at trials as witnesses and defendants, participating (intermittently, to be sure) in senatorial proceedings, from which they had been completely banned in the Republic. Women were perceived as more than capable of being agents in political intrigue, a perception confirmed and reinforced by
the high-profile legal and political maneuvres of the younger Agrippina. This was a new level of public attention, and at a high cost for those who were convicted, whether they were actually guilty of a criminal offense or merely political targets.
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Montgomery, Carrie 1960. "An empirical analysis of the perceived effectiveness and credibility of women trial lawyers." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276679.
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A group of 188 undergraduate students at the University of Arizona read three vignettes depicting a lawyer's performance at trial. The types of cases presented at trial were rape, sex discrimination, family law (divorce and child support), murder, narcotics, contracts, paternity, prostitution, and insanity. Some of the subjects read a case presented by lawyer John McKay, while others read the same case presented by lawyer Joan McKay. A multivariate analysis of variance revealed no significant differences in the perceived effectiveness and credibility of the trial lawyers, with male and female attorneys rated equally competent. The results were most encouraging for women entering the profession of law, and showed that bright undergraduate college freshmen now perceive women attorneys without sexism and with credibility.
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Gattoc, Leda, Paula M. Frew, Shontell N. Thomas, Kirk A. Easley, Laura Ward, H.-H. Sherry Chow, Chiemi A. Ura, and Lisa Flowers. "Phase I dose-escalation trial of intravaginal curcumin in women for cervical dysplasia." DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622729.
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Background: This is a Phase I trial demonstrating safety and tolerability of intravaginal curcumin for future use in women with cervical neoplasia. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of intravaginal curcumin in healthy women. Study design: We conducted a 3+3 dose-escalation Phase I trial in a group of women aged 18-45 years. Thirteen subjects were given one of four doses of curcumin powder (500 mg, 1,000 mg, 1,500 mg, and 2,000 mg) packed in gelatin capsules, which was administered intra-vaginally daily for 14 days. The primary end point for this study was safety based on severe adverse events regarding laboratory toxicity, clinical findings, and colposcopic abnormalities. We administered an acceptability questionnaire to assess product experience and attributes. Results: No dose-limiting toxicities (0/13) were experienced (95% confidence interval: 0.0%-22.8%) in this study. The pharmacokinetics data demonstrated that curcumin and curcumin conjugates were not measurable in the serum and negligible in the urine of the study participants. Although 23 adverse events occurred during the course of the trial, all events were grade I based on the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.0 and were resolved by the end of the study in an average of 9 days. Fifty-six percent of the adverse events were related to the study drug, which included genital pruritus (23% of subjects), vaginal discharge (100%), vaginal dryness (15%), abnormal prothrombin (23%), and hypokalemia (8%). Conclusion: Intravaginal curcumin was well tolerated by all subjects and safe. In this Phase I trial, there were no severe adverse events observed at any of the administered dose levels. All adverse events were grade I and did not result in early termination of the study. There was no evidence of systemic absorption or significant local absorption of intravaginally administered curcumin.
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McPherson, Rachel Mary. "Access to justice : women who kill, self-defence and pre-trial decision making." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636490.
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This thesis explores the pre-trial barriers to justice women potentially face upon killing their abusers. Legally, socially and politically, increased attention has been paid to domestic aouse in the UK in recent years, but less attention has been paid to women who kill their male abusers. Elsewhere, commentators have discussed women's use of self-defence in this context, pointing to pre-trial decision making as key in terms of potentially accessing this defence. Despite this, neither self-defence nor pre-trial procedures have been the focus of any work which has examined the issue of women who kill their abusers in the UK. This thesis aims to illuminate this gap in knowledge, with a focus specifically on Scotland because of its unique legal system and requirements of self-defence in particular. This research draws on thirty qualitative interviews with criminal lawyers with experience advising women who have killed their abusive partners. It has specifically examined the difficulty women encounter in having their actions deemed justifiable through a successful application of self-defence. This has been done from the perspective of lawyers' willingness to go to trial on this basis (rather than its success at trial level, due to the high number of cases of this nature which are resolved by a guilty plea being tendered to a reduced charge of culpable homicide). What will be argued is that barriers to justice for women who kill their abusers are evident at both structural and individual levels. At a structural level, the criminal justice system itself incentivises trial avoidance, whilst criminal law understandings of self-defence are based on male conceptions of (public) violence. At the level of individuals; decision making for many lawyers is driven by an understanding of domestic abuse which is based on stereotypes and an inability to conceptualise women's actions in this context as legitimate - meaning that ultimately the social and legal context of the offence may remain hidden. The result is that legal practice serves to narrowly conceptualise female perpetrated homicides. This has very significant implications for women's engagement with pre~trial criminal justice processes, their access to self-defence and more widely, for how domestic abuse is understood by and translated to wider society.
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Munday, Judy. "Perioperative temperature management for women undergoing Caesarean section." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/103084/1/Judith%20Munday%20Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Perioperative hypothermia is a significant problem for women undergoing caesarean section but this population has been previously neglected in internationally accepted evidence-based recommendations for thermal care in surgical patients. This three-phased, in depth exploration of the phenomenon, has advanced understanding of the effectiveness of methods to prevent perioperative maternal hypothermia, particularly for women receiving intrathecal morphine. Findings confirm that temperature decline is significant across this vulnerable population and support recommendations for the development of health service policies and thermal management guidelines that incorporate consistent use of combined, multi-modal, effective warming strategies employed both preoperatively and intraoperatively in the place of single interventions.
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Abbate, Kristopher J., Melanie D. Hingle, Julie Armin, Jr Peter Giacobbi, and Judith S. Gordon. "Recruiting Women to a Mobile Health Smoking Cessation Trial: Low- and No-Cost Strategies." JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626269.
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Background: Successful recruitment of participants to mobile health (mHealth) studies presents unique challenges over in-person studies. It is important to identify recruitment strategies that maximize the limited recruitment resources available to researchers. Objective: The objective of this study was to describe a case study of a unique recruitment process used in a recent mHealth software app designed to increase smoking cessation among weight-concerned women smokers. The See Me Smoke-Free app was deployed to the Google Play Store (Alphabet, Inc., Google, LLC), where potential participants could download the app and enroll in the study. Users were invited in-app to participate in the study, with no in-person contact. The recruitment activities relied primarily on earned (free) and social media. Methods: To determine the relationship between recruitment activities and participant enrollment, the researchers explored trends in earned and social media activity in relation to app installations, examined social media messaging in relation to reach or impressions, and described app users' self-reported referral source. The researchers collected and descriptively analyzed data regarding recruitment activities, social media audience, and app use during the 18-week recruitment period (March 30, 2015-July 31, 2015). Data were collected and aggregated from internal staff activity tracking documents and from Web-based data analytics software such as SumAll, Facebook Insights (Facebook, Inc.), and Google Analytics (Alphabet, Inc., Google, LLC). Results: Media coverage was documented across 75 publications and radio or television broadcasts, 35 of which were local, 39 national, and 1 international. The research team made 30 Facebook posts and 49 tweets, yielding 1821 reaches and 6336 impressions, respectively. From March 30, 2015 to July 31, 2015, 289 unique users downloaded the app, and 151 participants enrolled in the study. Conclusions: Research identifying effective online recruitment methods for mHealth studies remains minimal, and findings are inconsistent. We demonstrated how earned media can be leveraged to recruit women to an mHealth smoking cessation trial at low cost. Using earned media and leveraging social media allowed us to enroll 3 times the number of participants that we anticipated enrolling. The cost of earned media resides in the staff time required to manage it, particularly the regular interaction with social media. We recommend communication and cooperation with university public affairs and social media offices, as well as affiliate programs in journalism and communications, so that earned media can be used as a recruitment strategy for mHealth behavior change interventions. However, press releases are not always picked up by the media and should not be considered as a stand-alone method of recruitment. Careful consideration of an intervention's broad appeal and how that translates into potential media interest is needed when including earned media as part of a comprehensive recruitment plan for mHealth research.
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Chowdhury, Morseda. "Prevention of Low Birthweight Infants Among Pregnant Women in Rural Bangladesh: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20073.
Full textAbstract:
The low birthweight (LBW) prevalence in Bangladesh varies between 22-50%, which positioned Bangladesh 4th globally among the countries having highest burden of LBW. LBW imposes greater risk of mortality and morbidities among children under five and creates a long-term negative impact on development and wellbeing in adolescence and adulthood. Therefore, the objective of the research was to investigate the effects of ‘balanced plate nutrition education’ (nutrition education on balanced diet with practical demonstration of balanced plate) in combination with engagement of family decision makers, to reduce incidences of LBW infants among pregnant women by increasing birthweight. The specific objectives included developing the ‘balanced plate nutrition education’ intervention for rural pregnant women and measuring the effect of the intervention on birthweight of infants and incidences of LBW, and exploring the barriers of and household coping strategies related to compliance. It also examined the association of household food insecurity and size of infants at birth. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were applied for this research. For the quantitative analysis, primary data were derived from a randomized controlled trial conducted in rural Bangladesh (Chapter 4) and secondary data from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2011 (Chapter 6). Statistical analyses were performed using multivariable linear and binomial regression with log link function. We adjusted for the clustered randomisation using generalised estimating equations (GEE). We constructed survey-weighted logistic regression models for BDHS data to account for different sampling probabilities and different response rate. A qualitative study was conducted in the trial area among the balanced plate nutrition education intervention recipients. We conducted in-depth interviews (n=10) with mothers of infants (0-6 months), focus group discussions (n=2) with their husbands and older women in the family and key informant interviews (n=4) with Shasthya Kormi (community health workers) of BRAC (an NGO in Bangladesh, formerly known as Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee). Interviews were audio-recorded during collection, later transcribed in Bangla, and translated into English. The transcripts were manually coded and analysed using the thematic approach. Chapter 4 demonstrated that pregnant women who received balanced plate nutrition education had heavier infants compared to those received standard nutrition education. The incidence of low birthweight (LBW) was also lower among women in the balanced plate group compared to the latter. The mean birthweight increased by 125.3 g (95% confidence interval (CI) 5·7, 244·9; p=0·04) and the risk of LBW was reduced by 54% (relative risk (RR) 0·46; 95% CI 0·28, 0·78; p=0·004) in the intervention compared to the comparison group. The effect of intervention was greater among adolescent mothers in terms of birthweight and incidence of LBW than the non-adolescent mothers mean difference 297·3 g; 95% CI 85·0, 509·6; p=0·006 and RR 0·31; 95% CI 0·12, 0·77; p=0·01). Chapter 5 exhibited that accessing animal source food was the greatest barrier in practicing balanced diet. Perceived gap in understanding appropriate portion size and importance of diversified food for a pregnant woman were the other reported barriers. Mothers-in-law’s authority and control over pregnant women’s diet led to intrahousehold food mal-distribution with less nutritious food share for them. Active engagement of the family decision makers (husbands and elderly women in the family) in the nutrition counseling and demonstration session created an agreement on balanced diet for pregnant women. Husbands were inclined to finance more for purchasing nutritious foods such as cheap fishes, milk and fruits. Women were selfmotivated to increase consumption of vegetables and animal source foods with right proportion of rice. Mothers-in-law’s approval and husbands’ voluntary contribution enabled women to practice the balanced diet. Chapter 6 showed an inverse association between household food insecurity and perceived birth size of infants in Bangladesh. Infants from food insecure household were 36% more at risk of being small at birth compared to infants born in food secure households, which was aggravated by less utilization of antenatal care and first birth. There was an obvious regional variation of prevalence of smaller infants in geographically hard to reach areas; women in Sylhet and Chittagong districts were more vulnerable to give birth to smaller infants than mothers living in Barisal. In conclusion, balanced plate nutrition education in pregnancy impacted on the birthweight of infants and incidence of LBW in rural Bangladesh. Practical demonstration of making balanced plate in combination with family engagement can create an enabling environment for pregnant women to adopt a balanced diet with self-motivation. Household food insecurity is major driver in determining fetal growth and subsequent size of infants at birth. The insights from this research will help to design nutrition behaviour change communications for pregnant women and target household with greatest need to improve perinatal nutrition for better child survival, growth, development and productivity in Bangladesh and other LMICs.
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Viljoen, Janet Erica. "Strength training and cardiovascular risk post-menses, with particular emphasis on the plasma lipoproteins: a controlled trial." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013578.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Cardiovascular disease affects a greater proportion of females than it does males, and is responsible for an estimated 52 percent of female deaths per annum, globally. Due to the loss of oestrogen associated with the menopause, post-menopausal females are at elevated risk for hypercholesterolaemia which is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease. It has not yet been conclusively established whether resistance training can be used to ameliorate hypercholesterolaemia. Aim: This randomized controlled trial investigated what effect 12 weeks of progressive resistance training would have on plasma lipoproteins in a sample of post-menopausal females. Methods: Caucasian women (n=30 intervention and n=18 control) between the ages of 55 and 65 years who were not taking hormone replacement therapy were recruited. Participants did not smoke, were sedentary, were not taking any form of cholesterol-lowering medication, had at least one cholesterol abnormality at baseline but were otherwise healthy and able to participate in a strength training programme. Following extensive medical pre-screening, information dissemination and voluntary consent, the sample was divided into two groups. The exercise sample undertook 12 weeks of resistance training on five days of the week. The control group received no intervention. Measurements were obtained at baseline and every four weeks thereafter and included measures of strength, biochemistry (oestradiol, testosterone, full blood lipid profile, glycated haemoglobin and sex hormone binding globulin), anthropometry, morphology and self-reports (dietary intake, energy expenditure and the profile of mood states questionnaire). Results: There was no change to low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride content or total cholesterol as a result of the intervention. Back, chest and leg strength increased significantly (p<0.01) (increases of 51 percent, 35 percent and 43 percent respectively from baseline); waist circumference dropped (p<0.01) by 5 percent overall and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly (-9 percent, p<0.01) in the exercise cohort but no change was noted in the matched control. Dietary intake, energy expenditure and body mass remained unchanged in both samples. Morphology (sum of skinfolds, estimated body fat content and girth measures) did not change and nor did other biochemical measures (HbA1c and sex hormone binding globulin) or hormone levels (oestradiol and testosterone). Despite the lack of overall change, an important finding was noted in individual results where a clear indication of ‘responders’ and ‘non-responders’ emerged. Conclusion: Overall mean results suggest that 12 weeks resistance training undertaken five days of the week was ineffective in reducing hypercholesterolaemia in this sample. Despite there being no identifying characteristics determined in this sample, evidence of responders and non-responders to the intervention indicates that reliance on mean data may not be sufficient when analysing data from exercise interventions. Therefore, while progressive resistance training had a positive effect on strength, waist circumference and diastolic blood pressure, it did not positively influence the plasma lipoproteins in this cohort of post-menopausal women.Maiden name: Kelly, Janet Erica
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Wong, Wing-yu Valerie, and 王詠瑜. "A randomized controlled trial of an educational intervention to improve influenza vaccine uptake among pregnant women." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/209503.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the World Health Organization identifying pregnant women as the highest priority group for seasonal influenza vaccination, many pregnant women remain unaware of the recommendation and have substantial concerns about the adverse effects of the vaccine on them and their unborn foetuses. Few interventions have been conducted to improve influenza vaccine uptake among pregnant women. Among these studies, the results are inconsistent and the quality is generally low. Brief education has been previously shown to improve women’s health practices during pregnancy.
An open-label randomized control trial was conducted to assess the effect of providing brief education on influenza vaccine uptake among pregnant women. A total of 163 unvaccinated pregnant women in at least their second trimester were recruited from antenatal clinics of four public hospitals in Hong Kong. They were randomized to receive standard care or a one-to-one brief education session that provided an overview of the safety and benefits of the vaccine to both pregnant women and their foetuses. Participants were followed up by telephone at two to three weeks postpartum to ascertain vaccination status. The primary study outcome was the influenza vaccine uptake rate and the second study outcomes were the proportion of participants initiating discussion about influenza vaccine with their health care providers, the proportion attempting to be vaccinated, and their knowledge of influenza infection and vaccination.
A total of 163 participants were recruited with 155 (95%) participants completing follow-up. The overall influenza vaccine uptake rate was 17.8%. When compared with those receiving standard care, the vaccination rate was higher among participants who received the intervention (23.5% vs. 12.2%; p=0.06). In addition, the increase in the rate of self-initiated discussion with HCPs before and after the intervention was significantly higher in intervention group (26.7% vs. 9.3%; p<0.001) but not in standard care group (13.3% vs. 8%; p=0.481). Among participants who did not receive influenza vaccine, pregnant women in intervention group were substantially more likely to have made an unsuccessful attempt to be vaccinated (39.3% vs. 9.2%; p<0.001). Almost one-third of the pregnant women who had attempted to receive the vaccine (n=13) reported they received advice against vaccination during pregnancy from HCPs. If participants had not been advised against influenza vaccine and were successfully vaccinated, the overall difference in the vaccine uptake rate between the two treatment groups would have been statistically significant (34.6% vs. 18.3%; p=0.02).
Brief education can be one strategy to improve vaccination uptake rates among pregnant women. In addition, it is clear from this and other studies that recommendations from HCPs substantially influence vaccination behaviours among pregnant women, both positively and negatively. Therefore, multicomponent approaches should be considered in future vaccination programmes and the synergistic effect of both brief education and HCP recommendations should be further evaluated.published_or_final_version
Nursing Studies
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Anderson, Jillesa. "Neural Response to Food Cues After Moderate and Vigorous Exercise in Women: A Randomized Crossover Trial." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6199.
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PURPOSE: This study examined the effect of different intensities of acute exercise on attention allocation to visual food cues, postexercise energy intake, and subjective measures of hunger in women. METHODS: This crossover study utilized treatment conditions that were randomized and counter-balanced. Fifty-two adult women, 18-29 years, were compared under three separate conditions: no exercise, 45 min of moderate-intensity exercise at 3.9 METs and 22.5 min of vigorous-intensity exercise at 7.8 METs. To measure attention allocation to visual food cues, participants were shown a passive viewing task consisting of a continual stream of pictures of food (high and low calorie) and nonfood stimuli while brain activity was monitored using an EEG. The late positive potential (LPP) component of the scalp-recorded event-related potential (ERP) was used for data analysis. Postexercise food intake was measured during an ad libitum snack offered at the end of each condition. Subjective ratings of appetite were measured before and immediately after each condition using a visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS: No significant differences for LPP were found for the condition (no exercise, moderate exercise or vigorous exercise) by picture type (high calorie, low calorie or nonfood) interaction (P = 0.184). Total kcal intake did not differ among the different exercise conditions (P = 0.19). However, even though energy intake did not differ among exercise conditions, low-energy-dense foods were consumed at higher rates compared to high-energy-dense foods after the vigorous (P = 0.0005) and moderate exercise conditions (P = 0.02) compared to the nonexercise condition. Findings from the VAS indicate the moderate exercise session resulted in significantly higher ratings of hunger when compared to the nonexercise (P = 0.04) and vigorous exercise sessions (P = 0.0046). There was also a significant condition (no exercise, moderate exercise or vigorous exercise) by period (pre- or postexercise) interaction found in postexercise ratings of hunger (P = 0.018). The moderate exercise condition reported higher levels of hunger after exercise (P = 0.0002). In addition, findings from the VAS also indicated energy for the moderate exercise condition increased postexercise (P = 0.006) and was higher than either the nonexercise (P = 0.011) or the vigorous exercise conditions (P = 0.017). CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrate that an acute bout of moderate exercise may increase subjective hunger and overall energy without increasing the neural response to visual food cues or postexercise energy intake. Furthermore, it also shows that an acute bout of vigorous exercise did not alter neural response to visual food cues, hunger or energy intake postexercise.
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Canfield, Beth A. "Participating in a clinical trial: HIV+ women's experiences and decision-making processes." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1061246658.
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Butryn, Meghan L. Lowe Michael R. "A randomized trial of weight gain prevention interventions for young women : effectiveness and influence on bulimic pathology /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2006. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/736.
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Adam, Zenaw. "Iron supplementation and malaria : a randomised, placebo-controlled field trial on women and children in rural Ethiopia." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1997. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/682229/.
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The health situation in Sub-Saharan Africa is complex and multifactorial. Along with its poorly developed economy and lack of basic health services, vector-borne diseases and nutritional disorders are major contributors to the high morbidity and mortality seen today. Malaria and anaemia due to iron deficiency and/or to infectious diseases are rampant in the area affecting its population in general women and children in particular. Although the problem of iron deficiency and anaernia was dealt with varying strategies in different places iron supplementation is widely used in many developing countries and has become a routine procedure in maternal and child health programmes. In recent years, however, there has been a growing concern regarding this approach due to the emergence of conflicting evidence on the health outcome of iron supplementation. In addition to the beneficial effect of iron supplementation, a possible adverse effect on health, particularly on the risk to malaria, has been suggested. The continued controversy has raised doubts as to whether to implement iron supplementation programmes in malaria endemic areas. A randomised, placebo-controlled field trial was conducted in a malaria endemic area in the northwestern part of Ethiopia in May 1993-October 1995 to determine the haernatological response to oral iron supplementation and measure the risk of malarial illness associated with iron. The study involved 776 women and 841 children with low haemoglobin (HB) level who were randomly allocated to receive oral iron or a look alike placebo for a period of 12 weeks. The results of this study showed that anaernia is common in the study population with prevalences of 72.3% and 84.6% among women and children respectively. The content of the staple diet in the area was generally iron insufficient. The dietary iron insufficiency was further realised to be both due to inadequate intake and poor absorption of the iron ingested. The supplementation for 12 weeks was completed by 729 (93.9%) women and 740 (88%) children in the study. After supplementation more women (82.6%) and children (93.5%) in the iron group showed an improvement in their FIB compared with those women (54.6%) and children (43.7%) in the placebo respectively. The mean HB rise was also significantly higher in women and children in the iron than in the placebo group, 1.43 vs 0.28 g/dL, (t= 12.6; p<0.0001) for women and 1.38 vs 0.22 g/dL Q=21.3; p<0.0001) for children respectively. After supplementation women and children with severe anaemia were fewer in the iron (5.1% and 0.3%; x 17.2; p<0.001) than in the placebo group (13.5% and 8.0%; y, 2 =27.9; p<0.001) . After supplementation more women (9.6%) and children (18.2%) in the iron group reached the HB cut-off point showing no anaernia than women (1.4%) and children (9.6%) who received placebo (X2" =23.9; p<0.001 and X2 =34.3; p<0.001 for women and children respectively). Post-supplementation prevalences of clinical malaria among women in the iron and placebo groups were 24.2% and 18.3% respectively (RR=1.3, C1,1.0-1.8). The parasite rate was also higher in the iron supplemented women than those in the placebo, 29.4% and 20.2% respectively (RR=1.47, Cl, 1.4-1.9). During supplementation, women in the iron group experienced more frequent episodes of fever and spent more days with fever than women in the placebo group, (RR=1.16, CI, 1.03-1.30). Similarly, clinical malaria was diagnosed in 19.7% and 13.2% of children in the iron and placebo treatment groups respectively, (RR=1.49, CI, 1.07-2.08). Splenomegaly in children was detected in 27.3% of those in the iron 19.1% of those in the placebo, (RR=1.43, Cl, 1.1-1.9). The parasite rates for iron and placebo supplemented children were 34.5% and 27.1% respectively, (RR=1.28, Cly 1.0-1.6). Febrile episodes were experienced by 68.9% and 58.9% of children in the iron and placebo groups respectively, (RR=1.17; CI, 1.05-1.30. The results indicated not only that the dietary iron intake of the population was inadequate but also was poorly bioavailable due to lack of foods which enhance absorption and due to a high intake of food substances which interfere absorption all of which may have contributed to the anaernia. Study women and children who received iron supplementation have shown a substantial haernatological response (HB rise) and significantly improved their anaemia. The study has also demonstrated that there is a considerable risk of uncomplicated malaria associated with oral iron supplementation as malariometric indices used in this study were all significantly higher among women and children in the iron than in the placebo group. Intervention programmes involving iron supplementation in malaria endemic areas in the future need to weigh the health benefits and the malarial risk attributable to iron. In the present study area,w here nearly all women and children suffer from anaerniaa nd its consequenceso n health, the haematological response to iron supplementation outweighs the associated drawbacks. In such areas oral iron supplementation should therefore continue to be used to prevent and control iron deficiency and anaemia. Public health activities pertaining to the control and prevention of malaria and/or anaernia should, however, protect the population most at risk from malaria when implementing iron supplementation during the malaria transmission seasons.
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Nacke, Barbara, Ina Beintner, Dennis Görlich, Bianka Vollert, Juliane Schmidt-Hantke, Kristian Hütter, C. Barr Taylor, and Corinna Jacobi. "everyBody–Tailored online health promotion and eating disorder prevention for women: Study protocol of a dissemination trial." Elsevier, 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32369.
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Background: Although there is extensive evidence for the efficacy of online eating disorder (ED) prevention programs in clinical trials, these programs have rarely been adopted beyond the trial phase and offered to a wider audience. As risk factors for eating disorders are partly associated with overweight and overweight in turn is correlated to disordered eating, this study will offer a combined eating disorder prevention program which also promotes a balanced lifestyle to normal weight and overweight individuals alike. The efficacy of the program
has been proven in previous trials. The study aims to evaluate the dissemination of a combined eating disorder prevention and health promotion program (everyBody) to women of all age groups and varying levels of ED risk status in the general population.
Methods: A dissemination trial will be conducted in German-speaking countries, including 4160 women from the general population. Participants will be screened to exclude participants who are likely to have an ED. Eligible participants will be allocated to one of five program arms based on their BMI and respective ED symptoms. The guided program consists of 4 to 12 weeks of weekly sessions offering CBT-based exercises, psychoeducational material, self-monitoring, and group discussions. Outcomes will be assessed according to the RE-AIM model,
including measures of effectiveness, reach, adoption, implementation, and maintenance of the program.
Discussion/conclusions: This trial aims to disseminate a combined ED prevention and health promotion program in the general population, offering universal, selective and indicated prevention in one program. To our knowledge, it is the first trial to systematically evaluate dissemination efforts based on the RE-AIM model. This trial will be conducted as part of the EU-funded ICare (Integrating Technology into Mental Health Care Delivery in Europe) project.
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Clifton, Jessica. "A Randomized Pilot Trial: An Internet-Based Mind/body Intervention To Mitigate Anxiety In Women Experiencing Infertility." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2015. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/602.
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Infertility is a frequently occurring chronic health condition, which often persists throughout the reproductive years. Heightened anxiety symptoms often are comorbid with infertility diagnoses. Women experiencing infertility, and particularly those with anxiety symptoms, characterize an emerging population that deserves special attention. However, women experiencing infertility have identified barriers to seeking psychotherapy (e.g., fears of being dismissed from fertility treatment and/or stigmatized). Consequently, women diagnosed with infertility need a psychotherapy that not only can reduce these symptoms, but can also be private and convenient. The current study translated an empirically tested in-person mind/body protocol into an internet-based intervention to suit the needs of this population. Seventy-one women were randomly assigned to the intervention or a wait-list control. At the close of the study, only three participants had completed the intervention. At mid-assessment, relative to the wait-list group, the intervention group had a lower level of depressive symptoms and, for those with elevated anxiety symptoms at baseline, a lower level of anxiety symptoms. The findings suggest that even a partially completed internet-based intervention can reduce the anxiety and depressive symptoms of women with a diagnosis of infertility.
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Meng, Xingqiong (Rosie). "A randomised controlled trial of twelve months protein supplementation on muscle mass and strength in elderly women." Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1424.
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Background. Aging is associated with progressive loss of muscle (sarcopenia), which can lead to reduced muscle strength and an increased risk of falls. Sarcopenia exists in otherwise healthy elderly people and its aetiology is not fully understood. Many epidemiological studies have shown that high protein intake is associated with preserving muscle mass and strength in the elderly. To date there have been few randomized trials of sufficient duration and power to examine the effects of dietary protein supplement on muscle mass and strength in the elderly. The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of whey protein supplementation on preventing sarcopenia in elderly women.Methods. A population based, one-year randomized, double blind and placebo controlled trial of protein supplementation was conducted on 219 community-dwelling ambulant women aged 70 to 80 years. Participants in the protein supplement group (n=109) consumed a drink daily which contained 30 g of protein. The control group (n=110) consumed a drink with the same energy (kilojoules) but only contained 2 g of protein. Assessments were taken at baseline and one year. Body composition was assessed by anthropometry and whole body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Peripheral quantitative computer tomography was used to assess calf muscle crosssectional area. Hand grip, ankle dorsiflexion, knee and hip strengths were assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer. Mobility was assessed by the ‘Timed Up and Go’ test. Standing balance was assessed by the Romberg test. Dietary intake was assessed by a 3-day weighed food record. Compliance with the dietary intervention was assessed by 24-hour urinary nitrogen and by counting the returned empty supplement containers. Serum insulin-like growth factor one (IGF-1) was also measured.Results. One-hundred and ninety-five participants aged 74±3 years completed the one year trial. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the protein supplemented group (n=100) and control group (n=95). Compared to their baseline values, both groups significantly increased whole body lean mass (protein group: +1.6%, p<0.05; control group: +2.3%, p<0.05), appendicular lean mass (protein group: +1.3%, p<0.05; control group: +1.8%, p<0.05), body weight (protein group: +0.8%, p<0.05; control group: +1.5%, p<0.05) and knee strength (protein group: +31%, p< 0.05; control group: +36%, p<0.05) after one year. The total fat mass increased from baseline only in the control group (protein group: +0.7%, p=0.19; control group: +1.5%, p<0.05). There were however no significant differences between the two drink groups in any of the above mentioned parameters. Over one year serum IGF-1 increased significantly in the protein group but decreased in the control group (protein group: +7.6%, p = 0.006; control group: -1.0%, p = 0.005), and the changes were significantly different between two drink groups (p = 0.006). The protein supplement also showed a protective effect on preserving balance function at one year. The prevalence of ‘poor standing balance’ and ‘fall rates’ were significantly increased in the control group at one year.Conclusion. Muscle mass and strength increased equally in both drink groups. Although fat mass only increased in the control group at one year there was no statistically significant difference in the changes in fat mass between the two groups due to the wide variance in response. Protein supplementation resulted in an increased serum IGF-1 level at one year compared with the control group. These data are consistent with the concept that in this age group increased energy intake regardless of the macronutrient composition of the supplements improves muscle mass and function. It is possible that achieving this through increased protein rather than carbohydrate may prevent the increase in fat mass noted with the carbohydrate supplement for the control drink perhaps by an effect of the protein to increase serum IGF-1. The metabolic significance of this remains to be explored.
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陸袁楨德 and Yuen Jean Tak Alice Loke. "Exposure of pregnant women to passive smoking and a randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of doctor's advice to non-smoking pregnant women in Guangzhou, China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31237496.
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Loke, Yuen Jean Tak Alice. "Exposure of pregnant women to passive smoking and a randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of doctor's advice to non-smoking pregnant women in Guangzhou, China /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19974231.
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Newlands, Rumana. "Design and outcomes of a feasibility randomised controlled trial of lifestyle weight loss intervention in women treated for breast cancer." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=231668.
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Introduction: Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among women worldwide. Breast cancer treatments and treatment-related factors (type, dose, duration, and side-effects) have been found to be associated with weight gain in women. Overweight and obesity, in breast cancer survivors, is associated with increased risk of breast cancer-specific and all-cause mortality. Prognosis may be improved by maintaining a healthy weight but research in weight management in women treated for breast cancer is relatively limited. Aim: To design a weight loss trial for women treated for breast cancer and to evaluate its feasibility, and effect on body weight and quality of life (QoL). Methods: The development and evaluation of the trial was guided by the Medical Research Council framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions and involved mixed methods research. The development involved a systematic review of 13 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) targeting weight loss in women treated for breast cancer, and a mixed methods study [focus group meetings (n= 15), survey (n= 139), and interviews (n=20)] with the target population to understand their experiences and future preferences of a weight loss programme. The findings of these preliminary studies informed the design of a feasibility RCT of weight loss intervention. Results: 45 women (age 41-89 y; BMI 25.1–66.2 kg/m2) previously treated for breast cancer were randomly allocated to three groups: Weight Watchers vouchers for 12 weeks plus 5 dietitian-led support groups (WW plus: n=14); Weight Watchers vouchers only (WW: n=16) or waiting-list control (Weight Watchers vouchers after 3 months) (controls: n=15). Weight and QoL were measured at 0 and 12 weeks and data was available for 38 (84%) participants at 12 weeks. The trial was found to be feasible and acceptable for weight loss in this population. The controls, WW plus and WW group showed median (IQR) weight change of 0.07 (-0.4, 0.7) kg (p= 0.666), -2.90 (-6.5, -2.2) kg (p= 0.002) and -5.90 (-6.6, -5.1) kg (p= 0.001) respectively (between groups, p = 0.001). The regression model suggested that compared to participants in WW plus, participants in WW group lost significantly more weight (2.6 kg; 95% CI -0.38, -4.86) and control group participants lost significantly less weight (3.8 kg; 95% CI, 1.47, 6.16) over the 12 weeks. There were a number of significant improvements in different QoL scores in the intervention groups at 12 weeks. However, a significant difference in median (IQR) scores of the breast cancer specific QoL scale was observed between the three groups (p= 0.017) and it was higher in WW group [5.0 (1.5, 7.5)] compared to WW plus group [3.7 (2.0, 4.5)] and control [0.5 (-2.0, 2.2)]. Conclusions: The outcomes of this theoretically informed trial suggest that providing WW vouchers for overweight and obese women treated for breast cancer is feasible and shows promise for weight loss and improved QoL.
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Dennis, Cindy-Lee E. "A randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of peer (mother-to-mother) support on breastfeeding duration among primiparous women." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0019/NQ45759.pdf.
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CORREALE, LUCA. "Combined endurance and resistance training in women with multiple sclerosis, strength, fatigue and psychological responses: a randomized controlled trial." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1329167.
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Background and Purpose
Persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) suffer from strength deficit and muscle mass reduction as expression of central motor areas/pathways demyelization lesions that are implicated in motor function. The loss of function and inactivity lead to a reduction of the work and daily activity, which is frequently associated with depression and other psychological diseases leading to a decline of the quality of life.
First aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 12-week endurance and strength combined program training on maximal strength, functional capacities and fatigue in women with multiple sclerosis. Therefore, secondary aim was to study the quality of life and psychological outcomes of the participants after the training.
Methods
Sixteen women with MS (mean age 46±7.2; EDSS 2.25±0.85) were randomized to either a combined training (COM) or waitlist group (WTL). All the participants performed 8 physical tests: body composition with bioelectrical impedance analysis, flexibility with Sit and Reach test (S&R), isometric strength with Handgrip test (HG), maximum dynamic strength with 1 Repetition Max test (1RM) for Legs, Chest and Back, Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction (MVIC) with Muscle Lab© force sensor for legs and VO2peak with an incremental test on a cycle-ergometer. Fatigue was measured with MFIS-21 questionnaire, Quality of life (QoL) with MSQOL-54, psychological condition with SCL-90 and depression with BDI-2. The tests were performed at baseline (T0), after 12 weeks (T1), at the end of the combined protocol for WTL and follow-up for COM (T2) and after 12 weeks from the end of intervention for WTL (T3).
The COM group performed 2 times a week for 12 weeks a protocol of supervised combined training. The WTL group began the same combined training intervention, after a 12-week period of habitual lifestyle. Every session lasted 60 minutes and was structured by 3 resistance exercises for body portions (lower, high portion and torso) and 20 minutes of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) endurance training.
Results
At the end of the training MVIC improved (+113.4; p=.002; Nm), similarly 1RM increased significantly in Leg Extension and Chest Press (+13.8; p=.001; +6.6; p=.002; Kg). VO2peak increased from 17.5±4.67 to 22±5.93 (p=.02; ml/kg/min). Fatigue decreased significantly in all subscales (Physical -9; p=.003, Cognitive -5; p=.02, Psychosocial -2; p=.005) and depression symptom enhanced from 15.6 to 10.3 points (p<.001) and Quality of life improved significantly in cognitive function (p=.01) and physical health (p=.005).
Discussion and Conclusion
12 weeks of combined endurance and resistance training increased strength and oxygen consumption in people with MS. The training was also effective to reduce fatigue and depression and to enhance quality of life. A tailored and supervised training should be recommended to people with MS because is safe and effective way of improving fitness in people with MS.
Keywords: Multiple Sclerosis, Combined Training, Strength, Fatigue, Depression.Background and Purpose Persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) suffer from strength deficit and muscle mass reduction as expression of central motor areas/pathways demyelization lesions that are implicated in motor function. The loss of function and inactivity lead to a reduction of the work and daily activity, which is frequently associated with depression and other psychological diseases leading to a decline of the quality of life. First aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 12-week endurance and strength combined program training on maximal strength, functional capacities and fatigue in women with multiple sclerosis. Therefore, secondary aim was to study the quality of life and psychological outcomes of the participants after the training. Methods Sixteen women with MS (mean age 46±7.2; EDSS 2.25±0.85) were randomized to either a combined training (COM) or waitlist group (WTL). All the participants performed 8 physical tests: body composition with bioelectrical impedance analysis, flexibility with Sit and Reach test (S&R), isometric strength with Handgrip test (HG), maximum dynamic strength with 1 Repetition Max test (1RM) for Legs, Chest and Back, Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction (MVIC) with Muscle Lab© force sensor for legs and VO2peak with an incremental test on a cycle-ergometer. Fatigue was measured with MFIS-21 questionnaire, Quality of life (QoL) with MSQOL-54, psychological condition with SCL-90 and depression with BDI-2. The tests were performed at baseline (T0), after 12 weeks (T1), at the end of the combined protocol for WTL and follow-up for COM (T2) and after 12 weeks from the end of intervention for WTL (T3). The COM group performed 2 times a week for 12 weeks a protocol of supervised combined training. The WTL group began the same combined training intervention, after a 12-week period of habitual lifestyle. Every session lasted 60 minutes and was structured by 3 resistance exercises for body portions (lower, high portion and torso) and 20 minutes of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) endurance training. Results At the end of the training MVIC improved (+113.4; p=.002; Nm), similarly 1RM increased significantly in Leg Extension and Chest Press (+13.8; p=.001; +6.6; p=.002; Kg). VO2peak increased from 17.5±4.67 to 22±5.93 (p=.02; ml/kg/min). Fatigue decreased significantly in all subscales (Physical -9; p=.003, Cognitive -5; p=.02, Psychosocial -2; p=.005) and depression symptom enhanced from 15.6 to 10.3 points (p<.001) and Quality of life improved significantly in cognitive function (p=.01) and physical health (p=.005). Discussion and Conclusion 12 weeks of combined endurance and resistance training increased strength and oxygen consumption in people with MS. The training was also effective to reduce fatigue and depression and to enhance quality of life. A tailored and supervised training should be recommended to people with MS because is safe and effective way of improving fitness in people with MS. Keywords: Multiple Sclerosis, Combined Training, Strength, Fatigue, Depression.
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Loh, Siew Yim. "Self management intervention for Malaysian women with breast cancer : enabling quality of life and participation." Thesis, Curtin University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1509.
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Study on self-management intervention has shown enhanced quality of life in the chronic 'non-oncology‘ population, but has yet to make an impact in the field of oncology. The aim of this study was to explore, develop and evaluate the 4-week self-management intervention for women with breast cancer. The study, based on robust phased-model of a complex intervention, demonstrated an increasing research evidence from a qualitative need-assessment to a pilot study and finally to a definitive Clinical Controlled Trial. Insights and findings from the preclinical phase aided the development of the 4-week “Staying Abreast, Moving Ahead” (SAMA) program which was piloted, refined and tested using a CCT on Malaysian women (n=147) with breast cancer. The results from the robust intent-to-treat multivariate analyses of co-variances and the univariate repeated measure analyses of variances supported the efficacy of the 4-week self-management intervention. There were significant between-group differences on Quality of life (p=0.005), Social Relationship (0.015), Psychological symptoms (p=0.001) at post test, and self-efficacy and proactive coping for both Post-test and Follow-up (p<0.001).There were significant differences over time within the experimental group for Quality of life (p<0.001), Participation, (p=0.04), Psychological outcomes (p<0.001), as well as the Cancer self-efficacy scales (p<0.001 to p=0.02) and Proactive coping (p<0.001). A key implication of this study is that the theory-led SAMA program (which was developed based on the perspectives from the fields of Psychosocial oncology and Patient self-management for chronic conditions) can be disseminated to enable better Quality of life. SAMA is a potential blueprint for a feasible, timely and effective self management program for women diagnosed with breast cancer.
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Pedlow, Carolyn Teal Carey Michael P. "Randomized controlled trial of a brief information, motivation, and behavioral skills intervention to reduce HIV/STD risk in young women." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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Rostom, Alaa. "A randomized trial of a computerized versus an audio-booklet decision aid for women considering post-menopausal hormone replacement therapy." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0020/MQ48178.pdf.
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Lambert, Conor. "A comparison of the bone response to impact loading and resistance training in young adult women: The OPTIMA-Ex trial." Thesis, Griffith University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/389686.
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Many factors are linked to developing osteoporosis; however, the inadequate accumulation of peak bone mass prior to skeletal maturity is considered an important factor. As peak bone mass is often achieved by the end of the third decade, young adulthood provides an important and possibly final opportunity for its augmentation. Physical activity has been proposed as one of the most effective strategies to improve bone mass, however, the bone response to physical activity is highly dependent on the nature of the loads imposed. The most osteogenic loads are those that induce high magnitude bone strains at high loading rates. As most mechanical forces acting on the skeleton are generated through either gravitational-derived loads or muscle-derived loads, debate exists as to the predominant source of the adaptive stimulus. Despite this, few direct comparisons of the effect of gravitationally-derived (impact) loading and muscle-derived (resistance training) loading on bone have been undertaken, with none examined under true high-intensity training conditions. Consequently, the primary goal of the current work was to compare the bone response to two known osteogenic loading methods, impact loading exercise versus resistance training exercise in young women with below average bone mass.
The thesis comprises six manuscripts, presented as three published papers, two under review and one submitted. The first paper (Chapter 3) details the protocol for the Osteoporosis Prevention Through Impact and Muscle-loading Approaches to Exercise (OPTIMA-Ex) trial. Therein, the methods of the three-arm randomised controlled trial, comparing the bone responses of 10-month, twice-weekly, either supervised high-intensity impact training, high-intensity resistance training, or unsupervised home-based low intensity exercise (active control) in young adult women with lower than average bone mass have been described. The two subsequent papers describe the outcomes of methodological studies related to the measurement of forces associated with the exercise interventions, specifically the impact training intervention. The first study (Chapter 4), determined the validity and reliability of a Gym-aware linear positional transducer to track the progression of the novel punching exercise of the impact training arm of the OPTIMA-Ex trial. The second (Chapter 5) quantified the intensity of mechanical loading associated with the lower limb exercises of the impact training exercise program. We found that vertical ground reaction forces generated were greater than four times body weight for all seven training stages and increased over time, suggesting that the impact intervention arm of the OPTIMA-Ex trial achieved its goal of being both high-intensity and progressive in nature.
The fourth manuscript (Chapter 6) comprises the overall findings of the between-group comparisons of the OPTIMA-Ex trial. We found that high-intensity resistance training may provide a broader osteogenic loading stimulus than high-intensity impact training for young adult women with lower than average bone mass, although findings were site-specific. More specifically, high-intensity resistance training had a greater osteogenic effect for cortical bone than impact training, while impact training provided a greater stimulus for trabecular bone. Furthermore, resistance training evoked greater improvements in both body composition and physical performance measures. Manuscript five (Chapter 7), presents a comparison of upper and lower limb responses to high-intensity impact training and high-intensity resistance training on indices of bone strength. Only those who completed the intervention arms of the OPTIMA-Ex trial were included in this analysis. Similar site-specific responses were observed from these analyses, irrespective of upper or lower extremity. Resistance training elicited greater effects at the proximal femur and along the shaft of long bones, while the effects of impact training were greater in the distal segments of long bones nearest to the points of impact.
The final manuscript (Chapter 8) describes a mixed-methods study to explore participant experiences during the OPTIMA-Ex trial, determine enjoyment and acceptability of each exercise mode, and identify barriers and facilitators to bone-targeted exercise in young adult women. Overall, the program was well received, with all groups demonstrating an improvement in the ‘mental health’ domain of the quality of life measure, however, the two supervised exercise groups reported greater levels of physical activity enjoyment. Qualitative analysis revealed the impact and resistance training groups had ‘richer’ exercise experiences than controls, through perceived improvements in emotional and mental well-being along with the an overall sense of achievement through progression and skill acquisition. Furthermore, clear group differences were observed in terms of willingness to recommend their training mode to a friend and intention to continue the program after the trial period, with resistance training participants appearing most positive for both outcomes.
Overall, the current work demonstrates site-specific effects of high-intensity impact training and high-intensity resistance training in young adult women with lower than average bone mass. Within the limits of the modest sample size, we conclude that both impact training and resistance training have important beneficial effects on bone in the participant demographic and are safe, enjoyable and well received. High-intensity resistance training, however, may have a slightly broader effect on bone outcomes than impact training, as well as on body composition, strength and acceptability in young adult women.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School Allied Health Sciences
Griffith Health
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LeCheminant, Gabrielle Marie. "A Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Effects of Breakfast on Energy Intake, Physical Activity, and Body Fat in Women." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5732.
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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of eating breakfast on energy intake, physical activity, body weight, and body fat in women who were nonhabitual breakfast eaters over a one-month period. METHODS: We tested 49 premenopausal, nonhabitual breakfast-eating women to compare the effects of eating breakfast versus not eating breakfast. Each participant was randomized to one of two conditions: breakfast or no breakfast. Breakfast eaters were required to eat within an hour and a half of awakening and had to be finished eating their breakfast meal by 8:30 A.M. Non-breakfast eaters were defined as not consuming a snack or meal (with the exception of water) until after 11:30 A.M. Participants assigned to the breakfast condition consumed at least 15% of their daily energy requirement for breakfast. Weight and body fat were assessed at the baseline and after one month of intervention. Body fat was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Participants completed seven 24-hour recalls to assess dietary intake during the intervention. Physical activity was measured by accelerometry for 32 consecutive days. RESULTS: On average, the participants randomized to eat breakfast consumed 266 ± 496 (F = 12.81; P = 0.0043) more calories per day over the course of the study and weighed 0.6 ± 0.81 kg (F = 7.81; p = 0.0076) more at the end of the intervention. There was no observed caloric compensation at subsequent meals and no change in self-reported hunger or satiety. There was also no physical activity compensation with the addition of breakfast. CONCLUSION: The findings of our study showed that requiring non-breakfast eaters to eat breakfast resulted in higher caloric intake and weight gain. Future research should evaluate this relationship for a longer period of time to see if adding breakfast to the diet of women who generally do not eat breakfast results in adaptive behavior change over time.
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Wong, Elaine Yee-Sing. "A Physical Activity and Nutrition Intervention for Singaporean Women Aged 50 Years and Above: A Community-Based Randomised Controlled Trial." Thesis, Curtin University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/84510.
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The Singapore Physical Activity and Nutrition Study examined the effectiveness of a randomised controlled trial to improve the physical activity (PA) and dietary behaviours, anthropometric and blood parameters among women 50 years and above. The intervention group attended a six-month PA and dietary program while the control group program received only a fall prevention pamphlet. The study was efficacious in improving PA and dietary behaviours, reducing body fat and blood pressure among the target group.
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Burke, Ryan C. "An exploration of the mode of birth decision for pregnant women with a previous cesarean delivery." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1523875009553728.
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Rayes, Leila. "Human Guinea-Pigs Wanted! : An Evaluation on Exploitation in HIV Clinical Trials- Case Cambodia and High-Risk Women." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-156273.
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