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Journal articles on the topic 'Tribal Population'

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Published: 18 May 2024

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1

Dashora, Dr Neeta. "Attitude of Tribal Women Towards Population Control Measures in Tribal Sub Plan Area." International Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 208–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/feb2014/68.

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2

Dey, Sima, Nitish Mondal, and Kaushik Bose. "Factors associated with low birth weight among tribal and non-tribal population in India: Evidence from National Family Health Survey-4 (2015–2016)." Anthropological Review 85, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1898-6773.85.3.08.

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The tribal population (8.6%) is vulnerable to neonatal mortality and morbidity in India. Birth weight is an important decisive factor for most neonatal survival and postnatal development. The present study aims to compare the prevalence and associations of certain socio-economic, demographic, and lifestyle variables with low birth weight (LBW) among tribal and non-tribal populations in India. The present investigation utilized retrospective data of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4, 2015–16) among tribal (N=26635) and non-tribal (N=142162) populations in India. Birth weight variation of the newborn was categorized into LBW (<2500 gm) and NBW (≥2500 gm). ANOVA, chi-square (χ2) analysis, and binary logistic regression (BLR) were applied using SPSS (version 16.0). The prevalence of LBW was higher in non-tribal (17.2%) than tribal (13.5%), and the population-specific birth weight was significantly higher in tribal than non-tribal population (p<0.01). Higher tribal population concentration (47.0%) areas has a lower (7.4%) prevalence of LBW in the northeast zone, whereas greater non-tribal population concentration (27.1%) areas was found higher in the central zone (19.2%). The BLR analysis showed that rural habitat, lower educational attainment, lack of own sanitary toilet facility, a lower wealth index, absence of electricity, high pollutant fuel exposure, Hindu and Muslim religion, elevated maternal age at first birth, maternal anemia as well as home delivery of newborn have greater odds for LBW (p<0.05). In India, tribal populations are vulnerable and marginalised; their birth weight is significantly higher than that of non-tribals, and they have a lower prevalence of LBW and higher female birth rates. Mother’s socio-economic status and perceptions towards hygiene and better lifestyles acquired by educational upliftment positively affect the birth weight of the newborn in both the tribal and non-tribal population in India.
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3

D. Mahant, Sushila, Swapan Kumar Kolay, and N. D. R. Chandra. "Declining of Tribal Population: A Study on Chhattisgarh." Indian Journal of Research in Anthropology 2, no. 2 (2016): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijra.2454.9118.2216.7.

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4

ML, Doreraj, and Gangadhar MR. "Demographic Profile of Tribal Population of Kodagu District, Karnataka." Indian Journal of Research in Anthropology 4, no. 2 (December 15, 2018): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijra.2454.9118.4218.2.

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India has several socially disadvantaged communities and Scheduled Tribes are the most deprived ones. In Census 2011 the Government of India identified 10,42,81,034 citizens as Scheduled Tribes constituting 8.6% of the total population of the India (As per 2001 Census, it was 8.2% of the total population of India). In India, each state is practically equivalent to a country with its own specific socio-economic level, different ethnic groups, food habits, health infrastructures and communication facilities. Kodagu is one such district located on the eastern slopes of the Western Ghats in Karnataka and is home to many communities with diverse ethnic origins, and tribes such as the Yeravas, Kurubas and Kudiyas, who are of hunter-gatherers of forest origin. The present study focuses on the socio demographic and economic conditions of the Yerava, Jenu Kuruba and Malekudiya tribes. There have been changes especially in the social and economic life of these tribal people though, differences were found in their social, demographic and economic conditions.
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5

Mohanty, Mrs Biswajita. "Tribal Population of Mayurbhanj." IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 22, no. 01 (January 2017): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-2201055760.

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6

Naresh, Rout. "A study of tribal vs non-tribals Culture and life of tribal population." International Journal of Sociology and Anthropology 6, no. 8 (August 31, 2014): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ijsa2014.0544.

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7

Shah, Avani, Kanjaksha Ghosh, Preeti Sharma, and Kanchan Mishra. "Phenotyping of Rh, Kell, Duffy and Kidd blood group antigens among non-tribal and tribal population of South Gujarat and its implication in preventing alloimmunisations in multitransfused patients." Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases 10 (October 30, 2018): e2018070. http://dx.doi.org/10.4084/mjhid.2018.070.

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Background:Sickle cell anaemia is common amongst Tribal population of south Gujrat. Alloimmunisation in multitransfused sickle cell anaemia patient is 10 times commoner in these patients than beta Thalassemia major patients from regular blood donor communities. Study design & methodology: Red cell antigen typing of Rh (D,C,E,c,e ), Kell (K, k), Duffy (Fya, Fyb) and Kidd (Jka, Jkb) were carried out in 222 regular voluntary blood donors who belonged to non-tribal population and in 113 samples of tribal population using conventional antisera. Results: Rh D antigen frequency was 96.6% in non-tribal and 96.5% in tribal population. 2.4% of K antigen was found in non-tribal population whereas the antigen was absent in tribal population .Amongst Rh antigens, e was the most common (100%) followed by D, C (91.0%, 85.8%), c (50.5%, 44.2%) and E (16.5%, 17.0%) with DCe/DCe (R1R1, 48.0%, 55.8%) being the most common phenotype in both the groups. In Kell antigens k antigen was 100% ,Kidd and Duffy antigens Jk (a+b-) (39.2%, 46.9%) and Fy (a+b-) (64.2%, 52.2%) were the most common phenotypes in non-tribal and tribal population respectively. Conclusion: There is significant difference in Duffy , Kidd and Kell (k) antigen distribution between non tribal and tribal population . Total absence of Kell antigen in tribalsalong with. E antigen in a significant portion of blood donors and its absence in large number of tribals also increase the risk of alloimmunisation.
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8

Singh, Dr Abhay Krishna. "Impact of urbanisation on Tribal and non- Tribal Population of Ranchi: A case Study of Six municipal Wards." Indian Journal of Applied Research 2, no. 1 (October 1, 2011): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/oct2012/28.

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9

Deshmukh, S. "MONITORING SPATIAL VARIATION IN TRIBAL POPULATION AT TAHSILS OF AHMEDNAGAR DISTRICT, MAHARASHTRA USING GIS TECHNIQUE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5/W3 (December 5, 2019): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-5-w3-21-2019.

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Abstract. The tribal population represents a heterogeneous group scattered in different regions of India. The differences are noticed in language, cultural practices, socio-economic status and pattern of livelihood. The tribal population in India rapidly increased from 30.1 million in 1961 to 104.3 million in 2011. For same period tribal residing in rural area have increased by three times from 29.4 million to 93.8 million respectively. The tribal population resides in urban area is very less in number due to these people like to live in the remote areas of the proximity of natural environment. In Maharashtra, more than 47 indigenous tribes were dwelling at Sahyadri and Satpuda mountainous ranges. According to 2011 census, there are about 1, 05, 10,213 tribal populations living in Maharashtra, which constitutes 10.05% population of state. In Maharashtra, there is regional disparity in tribal population such as Nandurbar District has the highest tribal concentration while Dhule, Gadchiroli, Nasik, and Ahmednagar District have moderate tribal concentration. Therefore, present research work is an attempt to understand the Spatio-temporal variation in tribal population of Ahmednagar district using GIS technique during the period of 2001–2011. This study is to examine the tahsil-wise tribal population and identifying pattern of tribal population density in Ahmednagar District. The result shows that more than 80% of tribal population concentrated in Akole, Sangamner, and Rahuri tahsil due to hilly region, roughed terrain, river basin, and forest area. It is also demonstrated that the planning control, researchers and decision-makers should be focused on these areas for implementing policies and large numbers of tribal can be benefited.
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Nazli, Tamanna. "Socio-Demographic Profile of Schedule Tribes of Five Integrated Tribal Development Agency Spots at Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh in India." International Journal of Preventive, Curative & Community Medicine 07, no. 02 (June 30, 2021): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2454.325x.202108.

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Background: Tribal population is the second largest in India next to Africa, constituting 8.6% of total India population. Tribal population have unique physical, socio-economic and cultural environment but most deprived from health care facilities and vulnerable to malnutrition and diseases. Objective: To study the living condition of tribal people which includes socio-economic, demographic and health status profile along with providing health care facilities to tribes. Methods: Five Integrated Tribal Development Agency (ITDA) spots which belongs to Chenchu tribe of Kurnool district Andhra Pradesh were adopted. Data was collected through house-to-house survey and in Mobile medical camps in a pre-tested questionnaire provided by CCRUM. Results: A total of 3174 patients were screened among them 584 person of 130 families were selected for data collection. Majority (93.07%) were Hindu in the age group 21-30 years (31.6%), with male preponderance. Education status was fair (42.63%) population were illiterate. The basis amenities were good, (93.84%) use piped drinking water, all had open drainage system, (91.53%) use LPG, (89.23%) household surveys have pucca house, and (77.69%) use pit toilet. More than half of them (54.79%) were married, (70.16%) adopted permanent sterilization for family planning, 107 females registered when pregnant, majority delivered at hospital (53.44%), mostly (93.91%) visited family welfare center, 117(90%) household don’t have government health facility other than PHC or MCH. Conclusion: Low-income status, less literacy rate, and unhygienic sanitary conditions were common among Chenchu tribe of Andhra Pradesh. Majority of them (25.87%) suffered from Musculoskeletal diseases reported to OPD of mobile medical camps.
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11

Nazli, Tamanna. "Socio-Demographic Profile of Schedule Tribes of Five Integrated Tribal Development Agency Spots at Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh in India." International Journal of Preventive, Curative & Community Medicine 07, no. 02 (June 30, 2021): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2454.325x.202108.

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Background: Tribal population is the second largest in India next to Africa, constituting 8.6% of total India population. Tribal population have unique physical, socio-economic and cultural environment but most deprived from health care facilities and vulnerable to malnutrition and diseases. Objective: To study the living condition of tribal people which includes socio-economic, demographic and health status profile along with providing health care facilities to tribes. Methods: Five Integrated Tribal Development Agency (ITDA) spots which belongs to Chenchu tribe of Kurnool district Andhra Pradesh were adopted. Data was collected through house-to-house survey and in Mobile medical camps in a pre-tested questionnaire provided by CCRUM. Results: A total of 3174 patients were screened among them 584 person of 130 families were selected for data collection. Majority (93.07%) were Hindu in the age group 21-30 years (31.6%), with male preponderance. Education status was fair (42.63%) population were illiterate. The basis amenities were good, (93.84%) use piped drinking water, all had open drainage system, (91.53%) use LPG, (89.23%) household surveys have pucca house, and (77.69%) use pit toilet. More than half of them (54.79%) were married, (70.16%) adopted permanent sterilization for family planning, 107 females registered when pregnant, majority delivered at hospital (53.44%), mostly (93.91%) visited family welfare center, 117(90%) household don’t have government health facility other than PHC or MCH. Conclusion: Low-income status, less literacy rate, and unhygienic sanitary conditions were common among Chenchu tribe of Andhra Pradesh. Majority of them (25.87%) suffered from Musculoskeletal diseases reported to OPD of mobile medical camps.
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12

Dr. M. Rani, Dr M. Rani. "Changing trends in the Tribal Population of Andhra Pradesh – A note." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 7 (October 1, 2011): 421–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/july2013/128.

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13

Tripathi, Nalini. "Prevalence of Hypertension in Indian Tribal Adult population: A Scoping Review." Journal of Advanced Research in Medicine 07, no. 01 (August 25, 2020): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2349.7181.202002.

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14

Rao, P. M., R. L. Kirk, B. R. Busi, G. V. Ramana, and G. G. Reddi. "Genetic studies on Gadaba: A tribal population of Andhra Pradesh, India." Anthropologischer Anzeiger 57, no. 1 (March 24, 1999): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/57/1999/41.

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15

Goswami, Tulika, Padmashri Ronghangpi, Manjit Baruah, and Swarnali Devi Baruah. "Complimentary feeding practices amongst tribal and non-tribal population of Assam." Journal of Comprehensive Health 10, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.53553/jch.v10i01.002.

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Problem statement: Less than half of Indian infants aged 6-9 months receive some kind of complementary foods in addition to mother’s milk and only 1 child in 10, between 6-24 months is fed optimally, i.e. fed as per the recommended practices. Objective: To assess and compare the complimentary feeding practices amongst tribal and non-tribal population of Assam. Methods: A community based cross-sectional observation study. A total of 300 mothers from ‘Tribal and Non-Tribal’ were interviewed using WHO recommended study tools. Data analysis was done using SPSS Version 20. Chi-square test was done to see association between two variables. Binary logistic regression was done to find odds ratio. p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Response rate was 93% (560/600). Mean age of initiation of complementary feeding was 7 months. Delay in initiation of complementary was seen more in non-tribal population than tribal population (64.1% vs 57.9%). Early initiation of breastfeeding was overall 79.3% (81.1% tribal vs 77.3% non-tribal). Colostrum was given in majority (44.6% tribal vs 44.5% non-tribal) which was found to be significantly different (p= 0.001). Normal weight was significantly higher in tribal than non-tribal community (90.5% vs 81.1%) (p=0.003). Conclusion: Health education and demonstration of complementary diet with locally available homemade ingredients may increase care giver’s knowledge and enhance complementary feeding practices. Keywords: Complimentary feeding practices, Tribal population, non-tribal population, Assam, Young infant and child feeding (IYCF) practices.
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16

Deka, Binapani, Ira Sarma, and Tulika Borah. "Infant feeding practices among tribal population." FOOD SCIENCE RESEARCH JOURNAL 11, no. 1 (April 15, 2020): 39–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/fsrj/11.1/39-41.

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17

Nagda, B. L. "Tribal Population And Health In Rajasthan." Studies of Tribes and Tribals 2, no. 1 (July 2004): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0972639x.2004.11886496.

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18

Purty, Anil J., and Amit Kumar Mishra. "Tribal Population and Tuberculosis: Lessons Learnt from a Tribal Tuberculosis Project." Indian Journal of Medical Specialities 9, no. 1 (January 2018): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.injms.2017.11.003.

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19

Debnath, Aninda, Nidhi Singh, Sunanda Gupta, and Jugal Kishore. "Burden of Tuberculosis among tribal populations of India: A systematic review and meta-analysis." Lung India 41, no. 2 (2024): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_412_23.

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ABSTRACT Tuberculosis (TB) continues to impose a significant burden on tribal populations in India, a high-risk group for the disease. Despite its preventable and curable nature, TB remains a formidable health challenge for these communities. However, a critical knowledge gap exists regarding the population-based prevalence of TB among tribal populations in India. The current systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out to provide a single, population-based estimate. A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using the keywords ‘tuberculosis’, ‘TB’, and ‘tribal’ or ‘tribes’. This search encompassed articles published between 1 January 2000 and 1 March 2023. The included articles underwent a quality assessment screening to ensure their reliability and relevance. Subsequently, a pooled estimate of TB prevalence among tribal populations was quantified using a random-effects model. To investigate potential sources of heterogeneity in the prevalence estimates, subgroup analyses were performed. We identified 14 studies that encompassed a substantial population of 267,377 individuals from various regions in India belonging to tribal communities. The application of a random-effects model yielded a pooled prevalence estimate of 894.4 per 100,000 population, with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 523.5 to 1361.9. The assessment of heterogeneity using the Cochrane Q test indicated significant variability among the included studies (I2 = 99.17%; P < 0.001). Notably, the prevalence of TB among tribal populations was found to be higher than the national prevalence. The scientific evidence available for the prevalence of TB among tribal populations is restricted to a few tribes only. Conducting further research to estimate the prevalence among other tribes all over the country is the need of the hour and should be addressed accordingly.
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Ratre, Dr Dolly Ajwani, Rashmi Nande, and Navin Kumar Ratre. "A Study of Rehabilitation of CKD Patient’s on Hemodialysis in Tribal Population." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-2 (February 28, 2019): 44–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd20267.

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21

Dewan, G. "Prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus seropositivity among tribal and non-tribal voluntary blood donors of Rangamati, Bangladesh." Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences 1, no. 4 (January 12, 2014): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v1i4.9571.

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INTRODUCTION: Prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus seropositivity is not defined among blood donors of Rangamati district of Bangladesh. This region is mainly inhabited by tribal population of multiethnic stocks. Government policy formulation for tribal health is lacking data on this issue among tribal population of Bangladesh. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study on eight years data from 2005 to 2013 carried out to define hepatitis B and C virus related seropositivity among tribal and non-tribal voluntary blood donors in Rangamati General Hospital. RESULTS: A total of 4974 unit of blood were screened during this period. Of them 2760 unit were from tribal and 2214 unit from non-tribal donors. Result shows there is higher prevalence of hepatitis B seropositivity among tribal donors («=100) compared to non-tribal (n =26). The prevalence rate for hepatitis B virus was 3.62% for tribal population and 1.17% for non-tribal population. This difference was statistically significant (p< 0.0001). Hepatitis C seropositivity was low in both groups. CONCLUSION: In Rangamati tribal population bear significantly higher burden of hepatitis B infection than non-tribal population. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v1i4.9571 Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2013) Vol.1 No.04: 33-36
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Yellaiah, Gatti. "Tribal Land Alienation—Tribal Women." World Journal of Social Science Research 2, no. 2 (September 1, 2021): p362. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjssr.v2n2p362.

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Land is the bread winning element to most of the tribal all over the three regions of costal Andhra, Telangan, and even in Rayalaseem of AP more specifically, if it comes to the case of women it is applicable to all over the world women in restriction, because almost all the tribal depends on land since they have less literacy rate compare to the other population of the state, so they are ultimately depends on land and forest which is readily available to them. There are complex issues of lad acts, and their own family systems have a great impact on their social life and especially on the life of tribal female.
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Majgi, Sumanth, Harshini Suresh, Prashanth Nuggehalli Srinivas, and Mansoor Ahmed. "Prevalence of Hypertension Among Tribal Population in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." National Journal of Community Medicine 14, no. 05 (May 1, 2023): 276–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.55489/njcm.140520232607.

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Hypertension is an important worldwide public-health challenge and it is accountable for 7% of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) loss, and by the end of 2025 about 29% of world’s population is likely to suffer from hypertension. Tribal population constitute about 8% of the total population in India. Among tribal population, study on hypertension will provide an interesting outcome because studies across the world have shown a lower prevalence. The objective of the study was to estimate the pooled prevalence of hypertension among adult tribal populations in India and also to analyse the possible sources of heterogeneity in the estimate. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Google scholar, Scopus, Embase MEDLINE, and journals for articles published between 2001 and 2020. This is a systematic review and meta-analysis done on hypertension among tribal populations of India. Three authors independently reviewed the articles, performed quality assessment and data was extracted. Pooled estimate of hypertension was calculated. Subgroup analyses was performed. A total of 26 articles with a total number of subjects of 75,543 were included in the study. The pooled estimate of hypertension prevalence was 25.1% (95% CI: 24.7, 25.4). There was significant heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 98.2 and Q = 1289.37). It is essential to conduct larger cohort studies and randomised controlled trials to determine the causes of the increased prevalence of hypertension among the tribal population. The prevalence of hypertension among tribal population are essential as a source of primary information and for rational planning of health services and will help public-health policy-makers to assign sufficient priority and resources for its management and prevention.
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Priyanka Kulkarni, Vishakha Parmar, Ashish Goyal, Mahendra Khatri, and Darab Singh Underwal. "Demographic and Health Profile of Tribal Population at Udaipur, Rajasthan: A Cross Sectional Study." Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 15, no. 2 (April 5, 2024): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37506/92k5h058.

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Background: India is the second largest home for tribal communities, and they are distributed all over the country.One of the main public health concerns in our nation, which has a vast forest belt and numerous tribes living there, is tribal health and the problems encountered by tribal people.Objective: 1. To determine the Socio - Demographic profile of the tribal population.2. To estimate the health problems of the tribal population.Materials and Methods: The present study was a community based, cross-sectional, multicentric study carried out among tribal populations residing in Iswal, Gogunda, and Losing village from 1st November 2022 to 1st January 2023. House-to-house visits were done to collect socio-demographic data and health check-ups of all family were done to identify the health problems among them.Results: A total of 906 tribal people (160 families) were interviewed. Age ranged between 1 month to 95 years with a mean age of 30.05 ± 19.22 years, the majority were in the age group of 11-30 years. About 51.32% were males and 48.68% were females, and literacy rates were low. About 60.63% of family’s socioeconomic status was class IV and V, Hindu religion (82.45%) was most followed among them, and nuclear family types (45.63%) were more common. Overall housing conditions were good. Most of them had pucca houses (64.3%), consumed purified drinking water (73.1%), had separate kitchens (78.7%), used LPG as the major fuel for cooking (63.1%). While some practiced open-air defecation, and most of them dumped the house-generated waste (garbage) indiscriminately or on the streets 54.3). out of 906 individuals 714 individuals were apparently healthy whereas 192 individuals had certain health problems. Among them respiratory illness was the major problem affecting 52 (28.08 %) individuals followed by sexually transmitted infections 46 (19.86 %). Whereas injuries by wild animals / RTA were the least common health problem encountered among tribals 2(1.04%).
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Raina, Sunil Kumar, Vishav Chander, and Amit Bhardwaj. "Dementia in a tribal landlocked elderly population at high altitude: What explains the lower prevalence?" Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 07, no. 03 (July 2016): 419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-3147.182775.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Studies across the populations have suggested that dementia is differentially distributed with a lower prevalence in developing regions than the developed ones. A comparison in the prevalence of dementia across populations may provide an insight into its risk factors. Earlier, we reported on the prevalence of dementia in elderly population in migrant, urban, rural, and tribal populations. The present study was conducted with a view to estimating the prevalence of dementia in Tribal Landlocked Elderly Population at high altitude and therefore to draw some conclusions on the differential distribution of dementia across populations. Methods: A cross-sectional comprehensive two-phase survey of all residents aged 60 years and older was conducted. Phase 1 involved screening of all individuals aged 60 and above with the help of a cognitive screen specifically developed for the tribal population. Phase 2 involved clinical examination of individuals who were suspected of dementia as per the developed cognitive screening test. Results: The results revealed that six individuals out of a total of 481 studied above 60 years of age in the studied population scored between 17 and 23, thus qualifying as suffering from mild cognitive impairment. Importantly, none of the individuals above 60 years of age scored <17. Discussion: The current study is in conformity with our previous study conducted on urban, rural, and migrant areas of the state of Himachal Pradesh again emphasizing on dementia being rare in tribal populations and thereby pointing to the presence of some protective factors among tribal people.
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Duckett, Stéphane. "Tribal stigma." FPOP Bulletin: Psychology of Older People 1, no. 99 (2007): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsfpop.2007.1.99.23.

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I here apply Irvin Goffman’s model for stigma to the population we serve to see how that might inform my intervention. It raises some potentially uncomfortable questions as to whether we, as psychologists, may on occasion be complicit with an ageist world.
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Mooventhan, P., K. S. Kadian, R. Senthil Kumar, C. Karpagam, and B. K. Choudhary. "An exploratory study on cultural and health significance of traditional tattooing practices among tribal community in Chhattisgarh state, India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 931–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i2.900.

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This explorative study carried out from four districts of Chhattisgarh state namely Surajpur, Surguja, Balrampur and Jashpur. From each district, four villages were selected and from each village 25 tribal respondents were selected thus 300 respondents were selected for this study. About 65.33 percent of the tribal were between 36and 50 years of age group, more than one fourth (34.67%) of the farmers were educated up to primary school level, about half (49.00 %) of the respondents were at the income range of Rs. 25,001 to Rs. 75,000 and about 80% of the population of the state is rural and the main livelihood of the villagers is agriculture and agriculture-based small industry. Tattooing is one of the livelihood option for the tribal community in the study area. Tattooing has been practiced across the world since at least Neolithic times (7000 BCE), as confirmed by mummified preserved skin, prehistoric art, literatures, poetry, proverbs and the archaeological records. In Southern India, permanent tattoos are called pachakutharathu. In northern India, permanent tattoos are called Godna. Tattoos have been used as cultural symbols among many tribal populations, as well as the caste-based Hindu population of India. These tattoos have also been used as integral part of the tribal’s lifestyle Chhattisgarh state of India.
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Banjare, Priya. "Thyroid Abnormalities in Correlation with Stage of CKD in Tribal Population of Chhattisgarh." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-2 (February 28, 2019): 589–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd21418.

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Sharma, Chakraprabha, Vipin Kumar, and Jignesh Patel. "ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS OF EXTERNAL EAR IN TRIBAL POPULATION OF UDAIPUR DISTRICT IN RAJASTHAN." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 7, no. 1.2 (February 5, 2019): 6183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2018.437.

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Panda, Paramjot. "Socioeconomic and regional patterns of child nutritional inequality between tribal and non-tribal communities in India: An analysis based on National Family Health Survey 5 (2019–21)." International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases 14, no. 1 (January 2024): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_69_23.

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Background: Despite India’s impressive economic growth and the implementation of a large-scale antimalnutrition program, the country continues to face the highest levels of child malnutrition globally. Among the affected children, half of those under the age of 3 years, in both tribal and nontribal populations, are underweight, while a third of the wealthiest children experience overnutrition. Economic inequality plays a significant role in contributing to malnutrition in both tribal and nontribal communities. Therefore, utilizing data from the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey (2019–21), the present study aims to examine the socioeconomic disparities in childhood malnutrition across all 640 districts of India, with a specific focus on tribal and nontribal populations. Methods: The analysis includes a sample of children aged 0 to 59 months from tribal and nontribal communities. Sociodemographic, personal, clinical, and environmental factors are considered as independent variables. The outcomes of interest include stunting, wasting, and underweight, which are assessed using binary variables. Linear modeling are used to determine the associations between the independent variables and child undernutrition. Results: The study reported a negative Z value (−4.763), indicating greater overall inequality in the tribal population compared to the nontribal population. In terms of odds ratios, females had lower odds of being underweight in both tribal and nontribal populations. Children aged 1 to 2 years had higher odds of being underweight compared to those aged 1 year. The duration of breastfeeding showed varying associations, with breastfeeding for 7 to 12 months increased the risk of underweight in nontribal areas, while longer durations (13–24 and >24 months) were associated with higher chances of wasting in nontribal areas. Higher maternal age at first birth, higher education levels, and sufficient antenatal care visits were protective factors against underweight in both populations. A higher wealth index consistently correlated with reduced odds of underweight in both tribal and nontribal populations. Institutional delivery was associated with higher odds of underweight in tribal areas but lower odds in nontribal areas. Conclusion: The study concludes that in order to address the socioeconomic disparities contributing to stunting, wasting, and undernutrition among tribal populations, targeted interventions are required. These interventions should focus on improving access to education, healthcare, and economic opportunities, particularly among tribal communities. Additionally, policies should aim to reduce income inequality and promote inclusive economic development, ensuring that the benefits of progress are equitably distributed across all population groups. By addressing these socioeconomic factors, it is possible to improve the nutritional status and overall well-being of tribal populations.
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O’Neill, Marissa, and Debbie L. Gonzalez. "Tribal and Non-tribal Agencies." Journal of Comparative Social Work 9, no. 2 (October 1, 2014): 148–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/jcsw.v9i2.115.

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As definitions of “family” have evolved in the US over the past several decades, so too has child welfare agencies’ need to provide appropriate and meaningful services. This article discusses the findings and conclusions drawn from a case study involving two different types of social work agencies: Native American child welfare and not- for-profit family services. Within this discussion, the authors use their findings from case study vignette focus groups to explore how the definitions of family impact the provision of services.At each agency, participants addressed issues surrounding domestic violence, teen pregnancy, child welfare involvement and the inclusion of extended families as part of client’s support network. By focusing on the changing social concept of “family,” the study’s respondents discussed the need for direct practice using broader, more inclusive approaches to family and child welfare. Through the comparison of two agencies which serve different demographics, the article makes clear that further study is needed, and a wider scope must be considered, in order to adequately serve America’s expanding population in need of family services, direct practice and extended support.
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Dulhani, Naveen, Pratima Koshewara, Rupendra K. Bharti, and Sanat K. Sharma. "Prevalence of Hemoglobinopathies in Tribal Region of India: A Retrospective Observational Study." Advances in Bioscience and Clinical Medicine 8, no. 4 (October 30, 2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.abcmed.v.8n.4p.3.

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Hemoglobinopathies are the common inherited diseases around the world. Thalassemia & sickle cell disease are the important challenges for tribal populations in India. Many study demonstrated the prevalence of haemoglobinopathies in India & among tribes of India but limited data available from Baster tribal region. This study will further lightens the haemoglobinopathies among Baster region of Chhattisgarh state of India. Methods: It was an retrospective observational study, carried out in Late. BRKM Government Medical College, Dimrapal, Jagdalpur which was located at baster region of Chhattisgarh state of India aims to determine the prevalence of various hemoglobinopathies in Baster. Out of 421 suspected patient’s screened for hemoglobinopathies by Capillary electrophoresis. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) used for descriptive analysis. Results: Out of 421 cases, 276 were diagnosed with various type of hemoglobinopathies {49% has HbAS (sickle cell anaemia trait), 3% HbSS (sickle cell disease), 6% sickled beta-thalassemia & 8% HPFH (hereditary persistence of foetal hemoglobin)}. Non-tribal population has higher trends of sickled beta thalassemia 14 (8.28%), Hereditary persistence of foetal hemoglobin 26 (15.38%) and HbAS 122 (72.19%) as compare to tribal population but there was similar prevalence of HbSS among both of these groups. Conclusion: In India, hemoglobin disorders are the great threat for tribal population. As <10% of tribes residing in India and many were extinct. The non-tribal community has more prevent than tribal communities.
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War, Ryntihlin Jennifer, Vaibhav V. Gharat, Susmita Chandramouleeshwaran, Sunil Nayak, Vishwajit L. Nimgaonkar, and Shylaja Devi. "A Three-Site Study of Alcohol Consumption among Adolescents from Indigenous Tribes in India." Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 42, no. 6_suppl (December 2020): S51—S56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0253717620969737.

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Background: Alcohol use disorder is elevated among members of indigenous tribes in India, like native populations in several other countries. Despite constituting 8.6% of the Indian population, tribals are among the most geographically isolated, socioeconomically underdeveloped, and underserved communities in the country. Based on the experience from our centers (in Tamil Nadu, Meghalaya, and Gujarat), we are aware of escalating alcohol use among tribal communities. The aims of this study are (a) to estimate alcohol use and psychiatric morbidity among teenagers from indigenous tribes, and (b) pilot test a psychoeducational efficacy study. Methods: The biphasic study is being conducted in three states of India: Tamil Nadu in South, Meghalaya in Northeast, and Gujarat in West. Phase 1 is a cross-sectional study of tribal adolescents at each site. The MINI 6.0/MINI Kid 6.0 questionnaire was used to estimate extent of psychiatric morbidity and substance addiction. Phase 2 is an intervention trial of 40 participants at each site to assess the effectiveness of NIMHANS LSE module in protecting the tribal adolescents from alcohol use. Conclusions: The desired primary outcome will be forestalling the onset of alcohol use among this group. This paper focuses on the methodology and strategies to be used to achieve the objectives.
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Linda, Angel Ivy, Debkumar Pal, Nisha Murmu, and Manish Taywade. "Health of Tribal Population in India: A Glimpse of the Current Scenario." Current Medical Issues 22, no. 2 (April 2024): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/cmi.cmi_153_23.

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Abstract Article 366(25) of the Indian constitution refers to indigenous people as “scheduled tribes,” which constitute 8.6% of the country’s population. For decades, the health of the tribal people had remained neglected and incorporated in rural health care because of incorrect assumptions of their similar health needs to that of the rural population. An expert committee coordinating with the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and the Ministry of Tribal Affairs provided a detailed report on the current scenario and recommendations related to tribal health in India. They considered the health-care needs of the tribal population, highlighted their specific health problems, and gave a roadmap of best approaches. The tribal population has a unique and higher burden of health problems than the mainstream population, influenced by their health-seeking behavior, lack of awareness and education, sociocultural and magico-religious beliefs, customs, and practices. The current health-care system incorporates their health needs with approaches such as differing population norms in tribal areas, nonmonetary incentives to staff, mobile medical units, identification of high-priority districts, and the emergence of the “Swasthya” portal. However, tribal health is transitioning as with the rest of the population. Moreover, the present health-care services are unable to address this. Legal recognition of indigenous peoples’ rights to self-determination, their land, natural resources, and their knowledge is a need of the hour.
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Ferdous, Ahmad, Mohammad Eunus Ali, Shafiul Alam, Mahamud Hasan, Tania Hossain, and Sharif Akhteruzzaman. "Allele Frequencies of 10 Autosomal STR Loci from Chakma and Tripura Tribal Populations in Bangladesh." Molecular Biology International 2010 (June 6, 2010): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/740152.

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Allele frequencies of ten autosomal STR loci, D3S1358, vWA, D16S539, D2S1338, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D19S433, TH01, and FGA were investigated in Chakma and Tripura tribal populations of Bangladesh. In both the populations, all loci were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium except for FGA locus in Chakma and D21S11 in Tripura. All the loci were highly polymorphic in Chakma population with an observed heterozygosity (Ho) of >0.7 and moderately polymorphic in Tripura population (Ho>0.6). However, both the population showed least polymorphism at TH01 locus (Ho<0.6). A comparison between Chakma and Tripura population data revealed statistically significant differences in allele frequency distribution for most of the loci. A similar comparison with the mainstream Bengali population using previously published data from this lab also showed significant difference in allele frequency with these two tribal populations.
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Mukherjee, Anupam, Ayushman Banerjee, and Kaushik D. Das. "Homoeopathic Awareness among the Tribal Population Visiting a Homoeopathic Hospital set up in West Bengal." Homœopathic Links 32, no. 02 (June 2019): 077–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1693112.

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Background Tribal population in India had been known to depend on traditional tribal medicines for long to cure their ailments. With the development of health care facilities and spread of AYUSH system:of late many tribal people are seeking homoeopathic treatment. More than half of the tribal population of West Bengal are concentrated in the South western part of the state that covers the districts of Paschim Medinipur, Purulia, and Bankura. Midnapore Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital being located in the same region gets a good number of tribal patients seeking homoeopathic care. Objective To assess the level of homoeopathic awareness and the reasons for their preference to homoeopathic system. Methods A cross sectional survey was conducted in the outpatient department of Midnapore Homeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Government of West Bengal, India from January 2016 to June 2016 on adult tribal population using a self-administered questionnaire. Results The survey performed on tribal patients reflected the level of homoeopathic awareness, prevalence of disease, socio-demographic data, and health status of the tribal population. The positive effect with homoeopathic treatment also became evident in the study. Conclusion A favorable attitude toward homoeopathy among the tribal population was obtained. However, some wrong notions about the mode also emerged in the study. In this respect, the authors felt the need on arrangement of homoeopathic health camps and distribution of homoeopathic awareness materials in tribal language to improve the scenario.
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Amanul Haque, Sanjay Sarkar, Seema Mondal, and Ruplekha Mitra Mustaphi. "Assessment of prognostic ability of intracerebral hemorrhage score with special reference to a tribal population." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 14, no. 8 (August 1, 2023): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v14i8.53642.

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Background: Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 10% of all strokes, and about 35–45% of patients die within the 1st month. The scarcity of robust data on the validity and utility of the ICH score on the Indian population in a resource-poor health facility is a compelling factor for more study in this field, especially among the tribal population in this region. ICH score is a simple, easy-to-calculate prognostic indicator of hemorrhagic score. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to estimate the prognostic significance of ICH score (both modified and the original) in hemorrhagic stroke in terms of mortality and morbidity and to analyze associated risk factors like mortality, morbidity, and motor recovery of hemorrhagic stroke in tribal and non-tribal population. Materials and Methods: The study was institution-based observational and prospective study of 120 new-onset hemorrhagic stroke cases diagnosed by clinical and radiological evaluation admitted in this medical college during the period of study. Along with history, clinical examination and CT scan brain guided ICH scoring is done, follow-up at the end of 1 week and at the 5th week including physical performance assessment and reviewing of records and certificates. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The patients with modified ICH score 0 had 100% improvement whereas the improvement was seen in 54.84% of patients with scores 1 and 2. A total 50% of patients with scores 3 and 4 improved significantly. The incidence of hypertension was more in non-tribal population (70.45%) than total tribal population (56.25%) of study and Compared to non-tribal population (23.86%), tribals had more history of addiction (40.63%). Conclusion: Both the ICH Scores, modified and the original, were practical and valid predicting mortality in our setup. However, the modified one was more accurate and pragmatic in our study.
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Sharma, Narenrda Kumar, Subodh Kumar Mahto, Rahul Sharma, Ankita Sheoran, Sumit Kumar Suman, Pulin Kumar Gupta, Bishwanath Sharma Sarkar, and Ramprasad Dey. "Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and its relationship with various risk factors in a tertiary care hospital in West Bengal with special reference to tribal population, India." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 4 (March 27, 2019): 1098. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20191306.

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Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common medical complication and metabolic disorder of pregnancy. The aim and objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of GDM and its relationship with various risk factors with special reference to tribal population.Methods: The study was done in 200 patients between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation, attending antenatal outdoor in a tertiary care hospital of West Bengal. These patients were given 75gm oral glucose irrespective of the last meal and their plasma glucose was estimated at 2hours. Patients with plasma glucose values ≥140 mg/dl were labelled as GDM. Patients who were diabetic before pregnancy or whose pre pregnancy body mass index was not known or was in labour or had chronic disease, were not included in the study.Results: Prevalence of GDM was 11% in whole population while it was 14.63% and 10.06% in tribal and non-tribal population respectively. Prevalence of GDM and its correlation with most of risk factors in previous pregnancies was found to be significant in both non-tribal and tribal population. Family history of diabetes mellitus was the most prevalent risk factor in both non-tribal (9.4%) and tribal population (14.63%). There was no single most common risk factor among GDM patients found as there were multiple risk factors present with same frequency in both tribal and non-tribal population.Conclusions: The prevalence of GDM is 14.63% in the tribal population and 10.06% in non-tribal population which is not statically significant (P<0.407). The relation between the prevalence of GDM and risk factors was found to be significant for most of the risk factors.
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Sajib, Abu Ashfaqur, Md Mahamud Hasan, Md Mahmudul Hasan, Tarana Sharmin, and Sharif Akhteruzzaman. "Genetic polymorphism study at D1S80 VNTR in four major tribal populations (Garo, Santal, Khasia and Monipuri) of Bangladesh." Asian-Australasian Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology 1, no. 2 (August 31, 2016): 386–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/aajbb.v1i2.61607.

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D1S80 is a highly informative variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) marker located in the telomeric region of chromosome 1 at 1p36-p35. Since its discovery, the D1S80 locus has been used widely in determining the origins and genetic relations among and between various populations worldwide. Here, we studied the allele frequencies and other population genetic parameters at the D1S80 locus among individuals from four major tribal populations in Bangladesh (Santal, Garo, Monipuri and Khasia). The data was then compared with the other populations including the mainstream Bengali population. A total of 31 different alleles were detected with repeat unit numbers ranging between 14 and 50. D1S80 allele with 18 repeats was the most frequent in three populations except the Santals, in which allele with 19 repeats was the most common. Observed heterozygosity was less than the expected in all four populations. Pair-wise observed genetic distances were, in general, more between the tribal populations and the mixed mainstream Bangladeshis compared to the distances between the tribal populations. Comparison of D1S80 allelic frequency distribution among seventy-six different populations placed the tribal populations along with the mainstream mixed Bangladeshis, Tamils and mixed Panjabi Indians in a clade separated from the rest. Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2016, 1 (2), 386-393
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Geetha K, Kanniammal C, and Kanmani S. "Prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes among economically backward tribes, Tamilnadu, India." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 12, no. 1 (February 23, 2021): 905–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v12i1.4361.

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India has the second largest concentration of tribal population in the world. Indian tribes constitute around 8.3% of nation’s total population. To assess the prevalence of Prediabetes and diabetes mellitus among tribal population of Kancheepuram district. Cross sectional study design, Multi stage cluster sampling technique was used, house to house data collection was done for 85 irula tribal people. The Irula are a Scheduled tribe that lives in northern Tamil Nadu and the Nilgiri Hills. They are sort of like a cross between tribals and ordinary southern Indians. structured questionnaire were used to assess demographic variables (gender, age, educational qualification, marital status, family status, occupation, monthly salary and religion). Measurements taken were height, weight, and blood sugar by finger prick method with glucometer. Above 140 to 199 mg/dl considered as prediabetes and 200mg/dl is considered as diabetes. Prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes mellitus among tribes were 49.4%, 25.9%, poor literacy, poverty and substance abuse makes the tribes more prone to prediabetes and diabetes.
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Mineta, Katsuhiko, Kosuke Goto, Takashi Gojobori, and Fowzan S. Alkuraya. "Population structure of indigenous inhabitants of Arabia." PLOS Genetics 17, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): e1009210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009210.

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Modern day Saudi Arabia occupies the majority of historical Arabia, which may have contributed to ancient waves of migration out of Africa. This ancient history has left a lasting imprint in the genetics of the region, including the diverse set of tribes that call Saudi Arabia their home. How these tribes relate to each other and to the world’s major populations remains an unanswered question. In an attempt to improve our understanding of the population structure of Saudi Arabia, we conducted genomic profiling of 957 unrelated individuals who self-identify with 28 large tribes in Saudi Arabia. Consistent with the tradition of intra-tribal unions, the subjects showed strong clustering along tribal lines with the distance between clusters correlating with their geographical proximities in Arabia. However, these individuals form a unique cluster when compared to the world’s major populations. The ancient origin of these tribal affiliations is supported by analyses that revealed little evidence of ancestral origin from within the 28 tribes. Our results disclose a granular map of population structure and have important implications for future genetic studies into Mendelian and common diseases in the region.
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Tsehaye, Iyob, Brian M. Roth, and Greg G. Sass. "Exploring optimal walleye exploitation rates for northern Wisconsin Ceded Territory lakes using a hierarchical Bayesian age-structured model." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 73, no. 9 (September 2016): 1413–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2015-0191.

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We assessed population dynamics of walleye (Sander vitreus) in multiple Ceded Territory lakes, which support recreational and tribal fisheries, using a hierarchical Bayesian age-structured model. We used distributions of parameter estimates to develop a dynamic simulation model to forecast performances of walleye fisheries across these lakes under alternative recreational and tribal fishing scenarios. Application of a hierarchical approach allowed us to obtain more accurate estimates of stock–recruitment relationships, natural mortality, maturity and selectivity schedules, and growth parameters for individual lakes, especially for those with relatively uninformative data, and to characterize their variability among lakes. Using standing spawning stock biomass, recreational and tribal harvest, and probability of population collapse as performance metrics, our simulations suggest that northern Wisconsin walleye populations can sustain a regional optimal exploitation rate of about 20% on average given the existing recreational and tribal gear selectivities. However, lake-specific optimal exploitation rates may be higher or lower depending on estimated lake productivities, suggesting that effective management of the Ceded Territory walleye fisheries should account for variability in population dynamics among lakes.
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Gupta, Punit, Swati Sharma, and Ashish Deo. "Comparison of Infection Episodes in CKD Patients with or without Hemodialysis from Tribal Population." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-1 (December 31, 2018): 371–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd19000.

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Brindha B, Brindha B., Vidyalakshmi R. Vidyalakshmi R, and Prashanthi Devi M. Prashanthi Devi M. "Distribution of Sickle Cell Disease Among Tribal Population of Nilgiri District of Tamil Nadu." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 11 (June 1, 2012): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/nov2013/78.

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Biswas, Sudipta, and Sukumar Pal. "Tribal Land Rights: A Situational Analysis in the Context of West Bengal." Journal of Land and Rural Studies 9, no. 1 (December 14, 2020): 193–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2321024920968335.

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Tribal communities in India are most deprived. Socio-economically, they are poor and marginalised. The root cause of socio-economic marginalisation can be attributed to alienation of tribal people from their land, territory and resources. The overall situation of the tribal population of West Bengal is not better than the national average, even more deprived than the tribal population of other states. Despite progressive land reform laws and political commitment to implement such laws, issues of tribal land rights have not been addressed adequately. There is no such exclusive study to understand the situation of tribal land rights in the state of West Bengal. This article analyses the status of tribal land rights in the state context and makes some suggestions for improving the situation. It is found that despite distribution of land titles, a large section of the tribal population remains landless. A sizable portion has not received received record-of-rights. Claims of many tribal people for forest patta remain pending or stand rejected. Tribal land alienation continues to be a matter of concern. The state has not taken any concrete steps for the restoration of unlawfully alienated tribal lands. A large section of the tribal sharecroppers in the state remain unrecorded.
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Sumathi, H. R. "A STUDY OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF TRIBES IN THE NILGIRI DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU." International Journal of Advanced Research 11, no. 12 (December 31, 2023): 498–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/18010.

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Tamil Nadu, one of the major states of southern zone in India, consist of 36 important groups live in different district. According to the census of 2011, the scheduled Tribe population in Tamil Nadu constitute 1.10%of the total population. The Tribal Topography in Tamil Nadu broadly divided into three categories viz., 1) Tribal concentration areas 2) Dispersed tribal area and 3) Primitive tribal areas. According to the Ministry of tribal Affairs, Nigiri district had the highest percentage of tribal population area in Tamil Nadu came under the primitive tribal areas because of the presence of six primitive tribal groups (PTGs) viz., Todas, Kotas, Kurumbas, Paniyas, Irulas and Kattunayakans. Each of these tribes maintain unique cultural traits. All these tribes coexisted locally in a loose caste like community organisation. In our study facilitates to understand the social development of the six primitive tribal groups in Nilgiri district and provide an overall pictures of development initiatives by the government of India and Tamil Nadu Government for the upliftment of these tribal people and also focus on the status of theses tribal how they empowered themselves through self-help groups and other organisations. The study reveals that a number development programme, schemes, policies have been introducing to improve the well-being of tribal people.
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Ghani, Naghmana. "Govinda Chandra Rath Tribal Development in India: The Contemporary Debate. New Delhi: Sage Publications India Pvt. Ltd. 2006. 340 Pages. Paperback. Indian Rs 450.00." Pakistan Development Review 45, no. 1 (March 1, 2006): 140–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v45i1pp.140-142.

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The word ‘Tribe’ denotes a group of people living in primitive or barbarous conditions. It is a social group with territorial affiliation, endogamous with no specialisation of functions. They have a headman or a chief who controls the activities of that group. Tribals have several sub-groups all of them together known as ‘Tribal Society’. It is really difficult to say whether they are Indigenous or not but they are the earliest settlers of India. They were inhabitants of forests since prehistory and even now some of these groups follow the same trends and live in forests. Tribals constitute around 8.08 percent of the total Indian population, and of the total tribal population around 80 percent are found in Central India.
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Dewan, Gourab, Sarmista Biswas, and Md Ridwanur Rahman. "Frequency of Transfusion Transmitted Diseases among Tribal Population of Rangamati in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Medicine 25, no. 2 (September 21, 2015): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmed.v25i2.25090.

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Background: Frequency of transfusion transmitted diseases is unknown among tribal population of Rangamati. This study was undertaken to obtain data about burden of transfusion related diseases among tribal voluntary blood donors in Rangamati and to observe if there was any significant risk associated with ethnicity. The result expected to help identify health problems requiring urgent attention among tribal ethnic groups of Rangamati.Methods: A retrospective study was done in Rangamati General Hospital, Bangladesh where screening records of tribal voluntary blood donors from year 2005 to 2012 were scrutinized for seropositivity for hepatitis B & C, HIV, Syphilis and malaria infection. Frequency of these five diseases recorded .Results: Ninety six (3.81%) samples were positive for transfusion transmitted disease out of 2517 samples screened. Hepatitis B with 87 positive samples ranks highest. Frequency of seropositivity for HBsAg was 3.46%. Seropositivity of other diseases was Hepatitis C (0.28%), syphilis (0.04%) and malaria (0.04%). No samples were positive for HIV infection.Conclusion: Hepatitis B infection is the commonest transfusion transmitted disease among tribal population of Rangamati.Bangladesh J Medicine Jul 2014; 25 (2) : 52-54
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Chaudhary, Dr Amar Kumar, and Alka Divya Tigga. "Primary Education among Tribals of Jharkhand Need to be Strengthen." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 3 (March 31, 2023): 2313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.49745.

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Abstract: Tribal has substantial share to total population of Jharkhand. Tribals literacy rate is far below than other sections of society in Jharkhand. Sympathy or empathy, they need to be educated. The Govt. should give special package and special attention for their inclusive growth. Sustainable inclusive growth can be achieved only through education & specially the primary education among the tribal students to set their steps to-gather with the society, strengthen of primary education is sie que non for upliftment of tribals who are deprived from centuries
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Giri, Ashish, Abdul Wassey, and Vishal Dogra. "Landscaping of non-governmental organizations working to improve reproductive, maternal, neonatal, child health and nutrition services in tribal India: a scoping study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 6 (May 27, 2020): 2173. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20202467.

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Background: Nearly 104 million (9%) of the total Indian population live in tribal areas. For the tribal population, in the recent past, many organizations initiated health programs. However, there is little understanding of the work they do in the health and nutrition area. In this scoping study, the study aimed to review NGO based models of healthcare delivery with an emphasis on reproductive, maternal health, neonatal and child health, and nutrition (RMNCHN) related interventions in tribal areas of India.Methods: A list of NGOs, in districts having 35% tribal population, was made. NGOs with functional websites, RMNCHN related interventions and registered with the Government of India online portal “NGO darpan” were selected using multistage search criteria. NGO types, their approaches for RMNCHN and intervention models were studied.Results: A total of 1503 NGOs were working on tribal health in 115 districts having >35% tribal population. Out of these, only 103 NGOs had an active health intervention and provided information freely in open public access. Only 36 NGOs had a well-structured program in reproductive, maternal, child health and nutrition area. A compendium of good practices by 12 NGOs working in RMNCHN was prepared.Conclusions: A limited number of NGOs in tribal India works on reproductive, maternal health, neonatal and child health, and nutrition issues. The health-related interventions are primarily at a small scale, community-based, lacks continuum of care and are present in districts with a lesser tribal population.
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