Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Triazol'
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Fiscus, David Michael. "The chemistry of 3-diazo-3H̲-1,4-triazole and 3H̲-1,2,4- triazol-3-ylidene /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487260135358319.
Full textCanduzini, Hugo Antonio. "Síntese e funcionalização de 1,2,3-triazóis via reação de cicloadição [3+2] de azidas e acetilenos terminais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9138/tde-07032013-094439/.
Full textThe aim of this work has been exploring the synthesis and functionalization of 1,2,3-triazoles employing the use of \"click-chemistry\" concept, which is defined as an approach for synthesis of various compounds based on reactions of carbon-heteroatom bond formation, which the reaction is stereospecific, high-efficiently, commonly gives high yields and in some cases no by-products are formed. The compound 1,2,3-triazole, which is the main starting material for the next steps was prepared from propargyl alcohol (4) in the presence of an organic azide (1) and copper(I) as a reaction promoter. Subsequently with a series of 1,2,3-triazole (2n) prepared we proceeded to the next step which is the substitution of hydroxyl for a tosyl group and after that a multicomponent cycloaddition of a new 1,2,3-triazole compound forming bis-triazoles. Bis-triazoles (5) were tested against fungal strains, responsible for dermatitis, with delighted results, furhtermore this class of strutures can be used as building blocks to improve efficiency in some other more complex structure.
Wagner, Daniel [Verfasser], and Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Strohriegl. "Neue Triazol- und Triazin-basierte Matrixmaterialien für blaue organische Leuchtdioden / Daniel Wagner. Betreuer: Peter Strohriegl." Bayreuth : Universität Bayreuth, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1064499899/34.
Full textBortolotto, Guilherme Pivotto. "Síntese de 1,2,4-triazol-5-ilamino pirimidinas trifluormetil substituídas." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10456.
Full textEste trabalho descreve a síntese e caracterização de uma série de catorze 4-trifluormetil-2-[3-(piridil)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ilamino]pirimidinas (6, 7), a partir de reações de ciclocondensação de N-[3-(piridil)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-il]guanidinas (4, 5), precursores 1,3-dinucleofílicos do tipo (N-C-N), com 1,1,1-triflúor-4-alcóxi-3-alquen-2-onas (1), versáteis precursores 1,3-dieletrofílicos. As 1,1,1-triflúor-4-alcóxi-3-alquen-2-onas (1), de fórmula geral F3C-C(O)-CH=C(R)- OR1 onde R1 = Me, Et e R = H, Me, Ph, 4-FPh, 4-MePh, 4-OMePh, Furil, foram obtidas a partir de reações de trifluoracetilação de enoléteres ou de acetais derivados de cetonas acíclicas. As reações de 1,1,1-triflúor-4-alcóxi-3-alquen-2-onas (1) com N-[3-(piridil)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-il]guanidinas (4, 5) foram realizadas em etanol sob refluxo por 18 horas, levando aos produtos finais com rendimentos de 40-68%. Os compostos sintetizados foram caracterizados por experimentos de RMN de 1H e 13C, e sua pureza comprovada por Análise Elementar.
González, Mojica Norberto. "Estudio de la Oxidación de 1,2,3-triazoles en presencia de un sistema H2O2-CF3CO2H." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/71110.
Full textCONACYT
Lima, Milena Moreira. "Síntese de peptídeo modificado contendo grupo 1,2,3-triazol 1,4-dissubstituído." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60138/tde-05092013-135757/.
Full textPeptides are biomolecules which present great structural and functional variety, acting in several biological processes. These molecules are widely used in therapeutics, and recently represent a very promising field for development of novel drugs, specially on synthetic vaccines. Scientific advances related to identification techniques, analysis and purification stimulate researches in attempt to produce peptides-based drugs, which can be extracted from natural sources or chemically synthesized (in liquid or solid phase), enzymatic process or both (semi-synthesis) and recombinant DNA technology. However, due to limitations concerning natural peptides, such as, proteolytic liability, toxicity and low bioavailability, becomes necessary the synthesis of modified peptides. Being biological function of a peptide defined by its structural conformation, adding a modification in a peptide structure must be able to maintain or stabilize it. The development of novel and efficient synthetic route of modified peptides is necessary to overcome the limitations related to proteolytic liability, toxicity and low bioavailability, to contribute with novel therapeutic strategies, mostly development of vaccines. So, adding a 1,2,3-triazole group can afford desirable chemical-physical properties in drug discovery. The objective was develop a method to synthesize peptides containing 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole group, such as peptide 1, which is constituted by sixteen threonine residues and one 1,4 disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole group (NH2-(Thr)7-Thr-(1,4- disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole cycle)-Thr-(Thr)7-OH). Moreover, due to the similarity with T. cruzi mucins that present great composition of threonine, 1 can be employed in development of vaccines related to infectious processes caused by T. cruzi. The preparation of 1 envolved an association between the solid-phase synthesis of peptide and reactions of copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). Initially, the method was standardized from synthesis of threonine dipeptide (8), whose peptide bond was replaced by 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole group (NHFmoc-Thr-(1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole cycle)-Thr-OH). The strategy via CuAAC gave the modified dipeptide in good yield (98%) and allowed to establish the conditions to prepare the more complex peptide with long chain 1. The CuAAC reaction gave the peptide 1 with good yield (70%). Compound 1 was confirmed by NMR proton analysis which showed the presence of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole group. Additionally, further analysis of mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) suggest the achievement of peptide 1.
Moura, Paula Caroline Silva. "Efeitos fisiológicos da aplicação de triazol e estrobilurina em soja." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11144/tde-19042013-102707/.
Full textWith increasing world population, it is necessary to search for technologies to increase food production. The cultivation of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) stands out among the economic activities that present significant growth worldwide in recent decades, and despite the increasing territorial expansion and agricultural production, productivity is influenced by external and internal factors during cultivation , the main one being, the incidence of diseases. Currently, the disease more worrying soybean is rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow & Sydow. To control this devastating disease, we recommend the application of triazole and strobilurin fungicides, which, according to some literature data, act so protective and curative, and have effects on productivity. The objective of this study was to clarify the physiological effect of the triazole cyproconazole and strobilurin azoxystrobin in soybean without rust incidence. The study was conducted in a greenhouse at the Department of Biological Sciences ESALQ / USP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil in the period between December 2008 and May 2009 with soybean cultivar Pintado. The soil and water conditions were maintained as recommended for the crop. The treatments consisted of fungicides cyproconazole (triazole), azoxystrobin (strobilurin) and mineral oil (Nimbus) under applications at the stages R1, R4 (two applications) and R1, R4, R5, 4 (three applications). We analyzed aspects of production (number, fresh, dry and average pod dry grain and 100-grain weight) and anatomical aspects (leaf thickness, width and thickness of the midrib, thickness of xylem and phloem), and in these analyzis, we used only the treatments that were performed three applications of fungicide. The experimental design was a randomized block design with 9 treatments and 5 blocks. The results showed a reduction in the number of pods per plant, fresh and dry weight of pods, number of grains and dry grain treated with the mixture of triazole and strobilurin. Under the anatomical aspect, there was an increase in leaf thickness, width and thickness of the midrib and the thickness of the vascular system (xylem and phloem). By the data obtained in the study, it was concluded that, under the conditions in which it was performed, the application of triazole and strobilurin in soybean plants restricts the potential for grain production in the cultivar Pintado.
Schmollinger, Daniel [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Ziegler. "Synthese 1,2,3-triazol-verknüpfter Kohlenhydrat-Übergangsmetallkomplexe / Daniel Schmollinger ; Betreuer: Thomas Ziegler." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1196877408/34.
Full textHölzel, Torsten [Verfasser]. "Triazol- und Imidazolylidene - von elektronenarmen Carbenen zu lumineszenten Komplexen / Torsten Hölzel." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2019. http://d-nb.info/120115930X/34.
Full textMeudtner, Robert M. "Neuartige Triazol-basierte aromatische Rückgrate für die Makromolekulare und Supramolekulare Chemie." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16057.
Full textOne approach to develop novel functional materials is based on the synthesis of macromolecules with characteristic properties, in particular foldamers. However, preparation and structural variation of macromolecules of controllable size and specific shape are often cumbersome and versatile synthetic routes are still needed. In this dissertation, the high efficiency of the so called “click”-reaction, i.e. the Cu(I)-catalyzed Huisgen-type 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, has been used to design a novel class of heteroaromatic (macromolecular) scaffolds. In these structures the formed triazole moieties constitute an essential integral part rather than a mere connecting unit. In a first step, structurally varying 2,6-Bis(1-aryl-1,2,3-triazolyl-4-yl)pyridines (BTPs) have been generated in an easy and modular way. The BTP scaffold adopts a kinked conformation and therefore functions as helicogenic building block for the construction of helical foldamers. Additionally, the BTP framework is responsive towards protonation and transition metal ion complexation, thereby undergoing a significant structural change from the kinked anti-anti into the extended syn-syn conformation. The conformational switching has been investigated in solution and in the solid state but can also be visualized at the liquid-solid interface on graphite by STM imaging. The BTPs represent a novel class of pyridine-centered, tridentate ligands, which form complexes with interesting magnetic and luminescent properties by the coordination to numerous transition metal ions. Varying heteroaromatic oligomeric and polymeric foldamers with remarkable properties have been generated using the “click”-reaction as synthesis tool. The BTP building blocks, which have (partly) been integrated into the backbones, support the stability of the helical conformation and provide responsiveness towards external stimuli. Three oligomer series of different length have been synthesized and analyzed. Oligomers consisting of 17 aromatic rings, termed clickamers, fold into a helical conformation in polar solvents. One of the three clickamers shows an unexpected phenomenon of helix inversion upon interaction with chloride ions as an achiral stimulus. The corresponding polymeric strands fold into an even more stable helical conformation, which breaks up upon exposure to transition metal ions leading to coordinatively crosslinked, highly viscous gels.
Santos, Deise Maria Pereira de Oliveira. "Cristais líquidos termotrópicos calamíticos contendo o heterociclo [1,2,3]-triazol 1,4-dissubstituído." Florianópolis, SC, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/89010.
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A síntese e as propriedades térmicas de cinco séries homólogas de compostos calamíticos lineares e não lineares, contendo o heterociclo [1,2,3]-triazol-1,4- dissubstituído no núcleo rígido, são descritas. A metodologia empregada utilizando catálise por cobre (I) mostrou-se eficiente para síntese do intermediário 1-(4-alcoxifenil)-[1,2,3]-triazol-4-carbaldeído e dos produtos finais n-[1-(4-deciloxifenil)-[1,2,3]-triazol-4-acetato de 4-alcoxifenila]benzeno. Todas as séries apresentaram comportamento esmetogênico C, com exceção do composto homólogo da série III, que não apresentou comportamento líquido cristalino. Pode-se constatar que os precursores são adequados para o desenvolvimento de mesomorfismo.
Conte, Gilmar. "Síntese regiosseletiva de cristais líquidos quirais contendo o heterociclo [1,2,3]-triazol." Florianópolis, SC, 2005. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/101945.
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O presente trabalho descreve a síntese de compostos quirais derivados do (S)-(-)-2-metil-1-butanol, contendo o anel heterociclo [1,2,3]-triazol. Reações de cicloadição 1,3-dipolar catalisadas por cobre foram utilizadas para a construção regiosseletiva dos compostos [1,2,3]-triazóis 1,4-dissubstituídos. É realizado também o estudo das propriedades líquido cristalina destes compostos visando entender o comportamento do anel [1,2,3]-triazol como fonte geradora de mesomorfismo. Todos os compostos foram caracterizados por espectroscopia de infravermelho, ressonância magnética nuclear, análise elementar e polarimetria. As fases líquidas cristalina e as correspondentes temperaturas de transição dos compostos foram identificadas por microscopia óptica de luz plano polarizada e confirmadas por medidas de calorimetria diferencial de varredura. Adicionalmente foram realizados estudos para a determinação da torção helicoidal da fase nemática quiral, utilizando o método de contato.
Ferreira, Joana Patrícia Araújo. "Síntese e transformações de compostos do tipo pirazol e 1,2,3-triazol." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/13124.
Full textCompostos do tipo pirazol e 1,2,3-triazol encontram-se presentes em inúmeras moléculas biologicamente ativas. Muitos fármacos atualmente comercializados ou em fase de estudos clínicos contêm na sua estrutura base núcleos de pirazol ou 1,2,3-triazol. Por isso, estes compostos têm sido alvo de intensa pesquisa na procura de novas moléculas com potenciais aplicações medicinais e agroquímicas. Nesta dissertação são descritas novas vias de síntese de novos compostos do tipo pirazol e 1,2,3-triazol. No primeiro capítulo apresenta-se uma breve revisão bibliográfica sobre a atividade biológica, ocorrência natural e métodos de síntese de pirazóis e seus derivados. O segundo capítulo foca-se na síntese de (E)-2-estiril-3-halo-4H-cromen-4-onas e sua transformação em 3(5)-aril-5(3)-[2-(2-hidroxifenil)-2-oxoetil-1H-pirazóis. Em primeiro lugar faz-se uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as (E)-2-estiril-4H-cromen-4-onas e a sua semelhança estrutural com as flavonas, a sua importância e ocorrência natural e métodos de síntese. São ainda abordadas as metodologias mais utilizadas para a síntese de derivados halogenados de (E)-2-estiril-4H-cromen-4-onas. Seguidamente são apresentados e discutidos os resultados da síntese de (E)-3-bromo-2-estiril-4H-cromen-4-onas através da reação de 5-aril-3-hidroxi-1-(2-hidroxifenil)penta-2,4-dien-1-onas com NBS, sob irradiação com micro-ondas, tendo sido estabelecida uma nova metodologia mais eficiente, rápida e regiosseletiva para a síntese de (E)-3-bromo-2-estiril-4H-cromen-4-onas, na ausência de solvente. São igualmente apresentados os resultados da síntese regiosseletiva de (E)-2-estiril-3-iodo-4H-cromen-4-onas através da reação de 5-aril-3-hidroxi-1-(2-hidroxifenil)penta-2,4-dien-1-onas com NIS e TFA/TFAA/NaOAc. Em ambos os métodos de halogenação desenvolvidos, obtiveram-se como produtos secundários as (E)-2-estiril-4H-cromen-4-onas correspondentes. Seguidamente é apresentado o estudo da reação de (E)-2-estiril-3-halo-4H-cromen-4-onas com hidrato de hidrazina. Ao contrário do esperado, obtiveram-se os 3(5)-aril-5(3)-[2-(2-hidroxifenil)-2-oxoetil-1H-pirazóis através de uma reação de adição conjugada 1,6-, de hidrazina à posição C- da cromona com consequente abertura do anel, seguida de uma adição conjugada 1,4- intramolecular. Estes resultados demonstraram que esta reação segue um mecanismo diferente daquele que está reportado na literatura para a reação de (E)-2-estiril-4H-cromen-4-onas não halogenadas em C-3 com hidrato de hidrazina. No terceiro capítulo apresenta-se uma breve revisão bibliográfica sobre as propriedades, aplicações e metodologias de síntese de 1,2,3-triazóis, dando mais relevância às reações de cicloadição 1,3-dipolar e de “click-chemistry”. Seguidamente descrevem-se os resultados obtidos na reação de (E)-5(3)-estiril-3(5)-(2-hidroxifenil)-1H-pirazóis com a azida de sódio para obtenção de díades pirazol-1,2,3-triazol. No entanto esta reação deu origem a novos 5(3)-(2-aril-2-azidoetil)-3(5)-(2-hidroxifenil)-1H-pirazóis e não às díades pirazol-1,2,3-triazol pretendidas. Como o resultado não foi o esperado, desenvolveu-se outra metodologia de síntese, que envolve, num primeiro, a reação de (E)-2-estiril-4H-cromen-4-onas com azida de sódio, dando origem a 5(4)-aril-4(5)-(cromon-2-il)-1H-1,2,3-triazóis. No passo seguinte, efetuou-se a reação destes compostos com hidrato de hidrazina tendo ocorrido a formação das diades 5(4)-aril-4(5)-[3(5)-(2-hidroxifenil)-1H-pirazol-5(3)-il]-1H-1,2,3-triazol pretendidas. No quarto capítulo, estudou-se a reatividade de (E)-5(3)-estiril-3(5)-(2-hidroxifenil)-1H-pirazóis em reações de iodação com vista à obtenção de 4-iodo-1H-pirazóis. Apresenta-se uma breve revisão bibliográfica sobre os diferentes métodos descritos na literatura para a iodação de compostos heterocíclicos aromáticos, nomeadamente para a obtenção de 4-iodo-1H-pirazóis. Dos vários sistemas de iodação testados, o sistema oxidativo I2/CAN foi o que deu melhores resultados na iodação dos (E)-5(3)-estiril-3(5)-(2-hidroxifenil)-1H-pirazóis. Este método permitiu iodar a posição C-4 do núcleo de pirazol apenas para os derivados que possuem o grupo nitro ou o átomo de cloro no anel do grupo estirilo, obtendo-se o 3(5)-(2-hidroxifenil)-4-iodo-5(3)-(4-nitrofenil)vinil-1H-pirazol e o 5(3)-(4-clorofenil)vinil)-3(5)-(2-hidroxi-5-iodofenil)-4-iodo-1H-pirazol; no entanto, para os restantes derivados, verificou-se apenas a iodação nas posições ativadas do anel fenólico. Todos os novos compostos sintetizados foram caraterizados estruturalmente recorrendo a estudos de espetroscopia de ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN) mono e bidimensionais. Sempre que possível, para uma caraterização estrutural mais completa, foram efetuados espetros de massa (EM) e análises elementares ou espetros de massa de alta resolução (EMAR) para todos os novos compostos sintetizados. Finalmente são apresentadas as conclusões gerais deste trabalho e perspetivas futuras.
Pyrazole and 1,2,3-triazole type-compounds are present in numerous biologically active molecules. Several drugs currently used or under clinical studies contain in their structure pyrazole and 1,2,3-triazole nuclei. Thus, such compounds have been the subject of intense research in order to find new derivatives with potential medicinal and agrochemical applications. In this dissertation, new synthetic routes to novel pyrazole and 1,2,3-triazole type-compounds are described. The first chapter presents a brief literature review on the biological activity, natural occurrence and synthetic methods of pyrazoles and their derivatives. The second chapter focuses on the synthesis of (E)-3-halo-2-styryl-4H-chromen-4-ones and their transformation into 3(5)-aryl-5(3)-[2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxoethyl-1H-pyrazoles. Firstly, a literature review on (E)-2-styryl-4H-chromen-4-ones, their structural similarity with flavones, importance, natural occurrence and synthetic methods is presented. Then, the most commonly used synthetic methodologies for the halogenation of (E)-2-styryl-4H-chromen-4-ones are reported. Next the results of the synthesis of (E)-3-bromo-2-styryl-4H-chromen-4-ones from the reaction of 5-aryl-3-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dien-1-ones with NBS under solventless microwave irradiation conditions are presented and discussed. Thus, a new, efficient and regioselective methodology for the synthesis of (E)-3-bromo-2-styryl-4H-chromen-4-ones was established. Furthermore, a new and efficient methodology for the regioselective synthesis of (E)-2-iodo-3-styryl-4H-chromen-4-ones through the reaction of 5-aryl-3-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dien-1-ones with NIS and TFA/TFAA/NaOAc is also described. In both halogenation methodologies the corresponding (E)-2-styryl-4H-chromen-4-ones were obtained as secondary produts. The reaction of (E)-3-halo-2-styryl-4H-chromen-4-ones with hydrazine hydrate was studied and led to the formation of new 3(5)-aryl-5(3)-[2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxoethyl-1H-pyrazoles. The reaction mechanism was ascertained and involves a 1,6-conjugate addition of hydrazine to the C- position of the chromone nucleus with subsequent ring opening followed by an intramolecular 1,4- conjugate addition. This mechanism is different from the mechanism reported in the literature for the reaction of non C-3 halogenated (E)-2-styryl-4H-chromen-4-ones with hydrazine hydrate. The third chapter presents a brief literature review on the properties, applications and methodologies for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles, giving more relevance to 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions and "click-chemistry" reactions. The results obtained on the reaction of (E)-3(5)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5(3)-styryl-1H-pyrazoles with sodium azide to obtain pyrazol-1,2,3-triazole dyads are reported. However this reaction afforded new 5(3)-(2-aryl-2-azidoethyl)-3(5)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazoles and not the expected pyrazol-1,2,3-triazole dyads. Therefore, another synthetic methodology was developed, which involves the reaction of (E)-2-styryl-4H-chromen-4-ones with sodium azide to give 5(4)-aryl-4(5)-(cromon-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazoles. In the next step, the reaction of the former compounds with hydrazine hydrate led to the formation of the desired 5(4)-aryl-4(5)-[3(5)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazol-5(3)-yl]-1H-1,2,3-triazole dyads. In the fourth chapter the reactivity studies of (E)-3(5)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5(3)-styryl-1H-pyrazoles in iodination reactions in order to obtain 4-iodo-1H-pyrazoles are reported. At first, a brief review of the different methods described in the literature for the iodination of aromatic heterocyclic compounds, namely to obtain 4-iodo-1H-pyrazoles is presented. From the several iodination reagent systems tested I2/CAN oxidative system gave the best results on the iodination of (E)-3(5)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5(3)-styryl-1H-pyrazoles. This method allowed the halogenation at C-4 position of the pyrazole nucleus only for the derivatives having an electron withdrawing substituent, such as the nitro group or a chlorine atom, in the stryryl group aromatic ring, yielding the corresponding 3(5)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-iodo-5(3)-(4-nitrophenyl)vinyl-1H-pyrazole and 5(3)-(4-chlorophenyl)vinyl)-3(5)-(2-hydroxy-5-iodophenyl)-4-iodo-1H-pyrazole; however, for the other derivatives, iodination occurred only in the activated positions of the phenolic ring. All newly synthesized compounds were structurally characterized using mono- and bidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) techniques. Whenever possible, for a more complete structural characterization, the mass spectra (MS) and elemental analysis or high resolution mass spectra (HRMS) for all newly synthesized compounds were performed. Finally the general conclusions of this study and future perspectives are presented.
Almanzán, Sanchez Leticia. "Estudio de la Síntesis de 3-óxidos de 1,2,3-triazoles." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/65280.
Full textCONACYT, proyecto 135053
ROMAN, MALDONADO EVA ELOISA 553243, and MALDONADO EVA ELOISA ROMAN. "Estudio de la Síntesis de Nuevos Análogos Inhibidores Selectivos de la Recaptación de Serotonina a partir de la Cicloadición Alquino-Azida Catalizada por Cobre." Tesis de maestría, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de México, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/65282.
Full textCONACYT, proyecto 135053
González, Valera Mª Carmen. "Díadas ferroceno-1,2,3-triazol como sensores moleculares multicanal de aniones, cationes y pares lónicos." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/307219.
Full textThe main objective of the research described in this Thesis was the design, synthesis and study of the sensing properties of a variety of receptors in which the coordination properties of the triazole ring, prepared by a 1,3-dipolar Huisgen cycloaddition reaction ("click reaction"), with the well known ability of the ferrocene unit to act as both electrochemical unit as chromogenic signaling, are combined. For this purpose three types of receptor families with different topologies were designed. However, these molecules have the common structural feature of heaving a ferrocene unit directly linked to the 1,2,3-triazole ring. Subsequently, electrochemical, UV-vis, fluorescence, NMR, and mass spectrometry studies were performed to evaluate the ability of these new families of receptors as molecular sensors of anions, cations and ion pairs. The most significant results obtained can be summarized as follows: In Chapters 1 and 2 the synthesis of two new families of 1,1'-asymmetrically disubstituted ferrocene derivatives has been described. The synthetic methodology used involves the initial chemoselective conversion of one of the azide groups present in the 1,1'-bis(azido)ferrocene into a 1,2,3-triazole-4-substituted unit, followed by the conversion of the remaining azide group into other functionalities such as imine, urea, etc. The compounds described in Chapter 1, in which the signaling unit connected to C4 1,2,3-triazole ring is another ferrocene moiety, have proven to be good electrochemical, optical and fluorescent receptors for the recognition of Pb2+ and Zn2+ cations, which are linked to both receptors through the triazole and imine units present in their structures. In Chapter 2 a new family of 1,1'-asymmetrically disubstituted ferrocene derivatives is described. In these compounds,, the substituent at position 1 of the ferrocene moiety was a triazole-pyrene dyad while in position 1’ additional recognition units (imine, amide or urea) directly linked to signal units of different nature (fluorophores and chromophores) were incorporated. All compounds obtained can act as highly selective molecular sensors for anions and cations, although such selectivity depends on the specific receptor used. In addition, two receptors of this family have shown ability for recognizing ion pairs. Significantly, one of them only recognizes Zn2+, Cd2+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ cations when they are simultaneously coordinated to H2PO4- or AcO- anions. Complex formation with both species results in a large increase in fluorescence and significant changes in colorimetric and electrochemical properties of the receptor. Furthermore, another member of this family of receptors selectively recognizes the ion pair formed by Pb2+ cation and HP2O73- anion, resulting in a dramatic color change and a large change in the photoemisive properties of the receptor as the recognition process takes place. In Chapter 3 two receptors based on a tripodal central benzene ring, bearing three of 1,2,3-triazole rings directly linked to a photoactive pyrene unit or to an electroactive ferrocene unit, were prepared. The former has a high selectivity towards the citrate anion, when compared with similar carboxylate anions in an aqueous environment. In addition, this receptor recognizes Cu2+ and Hg2+ cations, giving rise to important changes in its absorption and emission spectra. The latter, selectively recognizes Pb2+ cation resulting in a color change and a change in the redox potential of the host.
Schroer, Hunter William. "Biotransformation and photolysis of 2,4-dinitroanisole, 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one, and nitroguanidine." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6274.
Full textRamos, Juliano Perlin de. "Frequência e época de aplicação de fungicidas e seus efeitos em híbridos de milho (Zea mays L.)." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5042.
Full textAmong the major diseases with potential for reducing the final yield of maize (Zea mays) are common rust (Puccinia sorghi), and Spot Blotch (Exserohilum turcicum). Seed companies offer hybrids with levels of disease resistance in the shoots, however, these have demonstrated the need for alternatives that help to maintain the low rate progress of diseases. Given the potential of triazole and strobilurin disease control in the culture and the need to integrate control practices, this study evaluated the effects of times and frequency of application of mixtures of triazoles + esbrubilurinas in hybrids with different levels of resistance. Through two experiments in 2007/2008 and 2009/2010 seasons, the experimental design was randomized block in factorial arrangement (3x4x3) with four replications. In a total of two experiments were used four hybrids; Pioneer 32R21, Pioneer 32R48 and 32R22 and Pioneer NK Penta; three fungicides, azoxystrobin + Ciproconazol (at 200 g/L + 80 g/L + Mineral oil 0.5% v / v) + Pyraclostrobin Epoxiconazol (at 133 g/L + 50 g/L), + picoxystrobin Ciproconazol (at 200 g/L + 80 g/L + Mineral oil 0.5% v / v) at doses of 0.3 L/ha, 0.75 L/ha and 0.3 L/ha respectively, plus a control without fungicide. The fungicides were applied in three application programs: at the time of seven leaves fully exposed, at tasseling and combination between the two periods, 7 sheets + tassel. The variables were the AUDPC for rust and leaf spots calculated from four disease severity, grain weight, grain yield and rate of SPAD. It was found that triazole + strobilurin have a suppressive effect on the AUDPC of disease. Also there was significant correlation between SPAD index, grain weight and grain yield, being indicative of a physiological effect that contributes to the grain weight and the final yield.
Entre as principais doenças com potencial de redução no rendimento final da cultura do milho (Zea mays) estão a ferrugem comum (Puccinia sorghi) e a helmintosporiose (Exserohilum turcicum). Empresas produtoras de sementes oferecem híbridos com níveis de resistência a doenças de parte aérea, no entanto, estes têm demonstrado necessidade de alternativas que auxiliem a manutenção da baixa taxa de progresso das doenças. Tendo em vista o potencial dos triazóis e das estrobilurinas no controle das doenças na cultura e a necessidade de integrar práticas de controle, este trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos das épocas e da frequência de aplicação de misturas de triazois + esbrubilurinas em híbridos simples com diferentes níveis de resistência. Foram realizados dois experimentos nas safras 2007/2008 e 2009/2010, dispostos em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, arranjo fatorial (3x4x3), com quatro repetições. No total dos experimentos foram usados 4 híbridos; Pioneer 32R21, Pioneer 32R48 e NK Penta e Pioneer 32R22, três fungicidas; Azoxistrobina + Ciproconazole (200 g L-1 + 80 g L-1 + Óleo mineral 0,5% v/v), Piraclostrobina + Epoxiconazole (133 g L-1 + 50 g L-1), Picoxistrobina + Ciproconazole (200 g L-1 + 80 g L-1 + Óleo mineral 0,5% v/v), nas doses de 0.3 L ha-1, 0,75 L ha-1 e 0,3 L ha-1 respectivamente, mais um tratamento testemunha sem fungicida. Os fungicidas foram aplicados em três programas de aplicação: na época de 7 folhas totalmente expostas, no pendoamento e combinação entre as duas épocas, 7 folhas + pendoamento. As variáveis foram a AACPD para Ferrugem e Helmintosporiose, calculada a partir de quatro avaliações de severidade, peso de mil grãos, rendimento de grãos e índice de SPAD. Verificou-se que triazóis + estrobilurinas apresentam efeito supressor sobre a AACPD das doenças. Também observou-se significativa correlação entre índice de SPAD, peso de mil grãos e rendimento de grãos, sendo um indicativo de efeito fisiológico, com contribuição no peso de mil grãos e no rendimento final.
Honorato, Júnior Jaime. "Aspectos fisiológicos e bioquímicos da resistência do cafeeiro à ferrugem potencializados por triazol e estrobilurina." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2014. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1067.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Coffee is the most traded commodity in the world and Brazil is the largest producer. Coffee leaf rust, caused by the biotrophic fungus Hemileia vastatrix is the most important coffee disease reducing coffee yield by 35 to 50%. Too little is known about this pathosystem as well as the pathogen impacts on plant photosynthesis, defense enzymes activities, concentration of plant pigments and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters under different fungicides sprayed treatments. To contribute with new knowledge generation, this study aimed: 1) to evaluate the Fv/Fm (Maximal photosystem II quantum yield) chlorophyll a fluorescence imaging parameter as tool to differentiate pre-symptomatic coffee leaf rust infections in plants sprayed with pyraclostrobin and epoxiconazole and 2) to investigate the relationships between photosynthetic pigments, defense enzymes activities and some chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters on leaves of coffee plants sprayed with epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin and inoculated or non-inoculated with Hemileia vastatrix. Experiments in a completely randomized design were performed in greenhouse and coffee plants were inoculated with urediniospores. Epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin were sprayed in coffee plants in order to study the Fv/Fm chlorophyll a fluorescence parameter, coffee leaf rust severity, defense enzymes activities, photosynthetic pigments concentration and other chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters. Results from the present study showed that the different fungicides application on soil and/or leaves of triazoles and strobilurins were efficient to control coffee leaf rust. There was a significant linear relationship between the areas of real severity and visual severity and for each additional unit in the visual severity there was an increase of 53% on the real severity. For the epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin treatments, the coffee leaf rust symptoms decreased based on both visual and Fv/Fm images. Pustules on leaves sprayed with epoxiconazole were smaller in size than the ones on leaves of plants from the control treatment, but bigger than pyraclostrobin. Reduction on Fv/Fm values at the pustules epicenter on leaves of plants sprayed with epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin were lower than those of the control treatment. Coffee leaf rust severity decreased until 40 days after inoculation on plants sprayed with epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin. Catalase, peroxidases, β-1,3-glucanases and chitinases activities were different among treatments with inoculated and non-inoculated plants. There was a significant reduction in pigments concentration between non-inoculated and inoculated treatments but not, in plants sprayed with epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin. Chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters were different between non-inoculated and inoculated plants and non- sprayed and fungicides sprayed plants. Hemileia vastatrix affected the photosynthetic capacity of Coffea arabica and the Fv/Fm parameter was able to show this effect before the appearance of visual symptoms. Changes on photosynthesis were detected in non- inoculated and inoculated plants sprayed with epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin. Also, the effect of fungicides on photosynthesis should be studied to provide more opportunities to understanding the impacts on plant defense mechanisms that lead to reduced coffee leaf rust symptoms.
O café é a commodity mais negociada no mundo sendo o Brasil seu maior produtor. A ferrugem do cafeeiro, causada pelo fungo biotrófico Hemileia vastatrix é a doença mais importante do cafeeiro e pode causar redução em sua produtividade entre 35 a 50%. Muito pouco se sabe sobre este patossistema, bem como os impactos do patógeno sobre a fotossíntese da planta, a atividade de enzimas de defesa, a concentração de pigmentos vegetais e os parâmetros de fluorescência clorofila a sob diferentes tratamentos com fungicidas. Para contribuir com a geração de novos conhecimentos, este estudo teve como objetivos: 1) avaliar a variável Fv/Fm (Rendimento quântico máximo do fotossistema II) obtida através da imagem da fluorescência da clorofila a como ferramenta para diferenciar infecções pré-sintomáticas em plantas pulverizadas com epoxiconazol e piraclostrobina e 2) investigar as relações entre pigmentos fotossintéticos, atividade de enzimas de defesa e alguns parâmetros de fluorescência da clorofila a em folhas de café pulverizadas com epoxiconazol e piraclostrobina e inoculadas ou não-inoculadas com Hemileia vastatrix. Os experimentos seguiram delineamento inteiramente casualizado e foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação. As plantas de café foram cultivadas em estufa e inoculadas com urediniósporos. Epoxiconazol e piraclostrobina foram pulverizadas sobre as plantas, a fim de estudar o parâmetro Fv/Fm de fluorescência da clorofila a, a severidade da ferrugem do cafeeiro, a atividade de enzimas de defesa, a concentração de pigmentos fotossintéticos e outros parâmetros de fluorescência da clorofila a. Houve uma relação linear significativa entre severidade real e visual das áreas foliares estimadas pelo parâmetro Fv/Fm e para cada unidade adicional na severidade visual, houve um aumento de 53% na severidade real. Para os tratamentos com epoxiconazol e piraclostrobina, os sintomas da ferrugem do cafeeiro diminuíram tomando como base as imagens visual e as geradas a partir do parâmetro Fv/Fm da fluorescência da clorofila a. Pústulas nas folhas pulverizadas com epoxiconazol foram menores nas folhas do tratamento controle mas, maiores do que piraclostrobina. A redução nos valores do parâmetro Fv/Fm no epicentro das pústulas das folhas pulverizadas com epoxiconazol e piraclostrobina foram menores do que os do tratamento controle. A severidade da ferrugem do cafeeiro diminuiu até 40 dias após a inoculação nas plantas pulverizadas com epoxiconazol e piraclostrobina. As atividades de catalase, peroxidases, β-1,3-glucanases e quitinases foram diferentes entre os tratamentos com plantas inoculadas e não-inoculadas. Houve redução significativa na concentração de pigmentos entre as plantas não-inoculadas e inoculadas mas, não entre as plantas pulverizadas com epoxiconazol e piraclostrobina. Os parâmetros de fluorescência da clorofila a foram diferentes entre plantas não-inoculadas e inoculadas e não-pulverizadas e pulverizadas com fungicidas. Hemileia vastatrix afetou a capacidade fotossintética de Coffea arabica e o parâmetro Fv/Fm de fluorescência da clorofila a foi capaz de mostrar esse efeito antes do aparecimento dos sintomas visuais. Alterações na fotossíntese foram detectadas em plantas não-inoculadas e inoculadas pulverizadas com epoxiconazol e piraclostrobina. Além disso, o efeito dos fungicidas sobre a fotossíntese deve ser estudado, para proporcionar mais oportunidades para a compreensão dos impactos sobre os mecanismos de defesa da planta, que levam à redução de sintomas da ferrugem do cafeeiro.
Girotto, Edivandro. "Síntese e caracterização de novos materiais funcionais contendo 1,2,4-oxadiazol, 1,3,4-oxadiazol e 1,2,3-triazol." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2014. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/129283.
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Neste trabalho de tese de doutorado são apresentadas as sínteses ecaracterizações de três novas séries dos compostos derivados dosheterociclos 1,2,4-oxadiazol, 1,3,4-oxadiazol e 1,2,3-triazol. Aspropriedades térmicas desses materiais foram investigadas porcalorimetria diferencial de varredura, análise termogravimétrica e pormicroscopia óptica de luz polarizada. A maioria dos compostos finaisque apresentaram mesomorfismo também tiveram suas mesofasesestudadas por difratometria de raios X. Foram sintetizados compostossimétricos contendo dois heterociclos do 1,2,4-oxadiazol em cada ladoda molécula do tiofeno 2,5-disubstituído e não-simétricos contendotripla ligação como espaçador, substituindo um desses heterociclos paraas moléculas derivadas do 1,2,4-oxadiazol e 1,2,3-triazol. Os compostosnão-simétricos apresentaram fraca emissão na região do azul. Tambémforam feitas modificações estruturais variando os números de cadeiasalquílicas, a fim de se compreender a relação entre a estrutura e ocomportamento mesomórfico desses materiais. Alguns dessescompostos apresentaram mesofases esmética e nemática. Dos cincocompostos derivados do 1,3,4-oxadiazol quatro foram cristais líquidos.Os mesmos apresentaram mesofases colunar hexagonal. Dois destescompostos apresentaram mesomorfismo em temperatura ambiente.Através do estudo óptico feito nesses materiais foi observado umaintensa emissão na região do azul com rendimento quântico de F =0,47-0,63.
In the present PhD. Thesis is presented the synthesis andcharacterization of three new series of compounds from 1,2,4-oxadiazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole and 1,2,3-triazole. Their thermal propertieswere investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis and polarizing optical microscopy. For the finalcompounds that presented mesomorphism, their properties wereinvestigated by X-ray diffraction. The symmetrical compounds weresynthesized containing two heterocyclic 1,2,4-oxadiazole on each sideof thiophene, 2,5-disubstituted and the non-symmetrical compoundswere synthesized containing alkyne groups as spacer in replacing of onetheses heterocycles, for 1,2,4-oxadiazole and 1,2,3-triazole series. Thenon-symmetrical compounds has enabled low emission in the blueregion. As well, structural modifications were made by changing thenumber of alkoxy groups, in order to understand the relation betweenstructure and mesomorphic behavior. Smectic and nematic mesophaseswere observed for few materials. Of the five 1,3,4-oxadiazolederivatives, four are liquid crystals, presenting hexagonal columnarmesophase, characteristic of discotic liquid crystals, and two of those areyet liquid crystal at room temperature. Optical studies were carried outfor 1,3,4-oxadiazole materials and it was observed intense emission inthe blue region with fluorescence quantum yield of F = 0,47-0,63.
Pereira, Evelin Fornari. "Síntese de compostos α-amino-1,3-dicarbonílicos em microrreator de fluxo contínuo e suas aplicações." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9138/tde-10082017-114511/.
Full textThe first part of this work we present an efficient way to synthesize fifteen new α-amino-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds through the multicomponent Ugi reaction. For these syntheses was used the continuous flow micro-reactor, an equipment that allows an excellent transfer of heat, mass and high surface / volume ratio. Some of the advantages of using a continuous flow micro-reactor in the synthesis are: reduction of reaction time, increase of yield, selectivity of reactions and less generation of residues. It was possible to study the chemical reactions under new conditions, varying parameters such as: temperature, pressure, residence time and stoichiometric ratio. A yield comparison of the synthesis of four molecules was carried out and it was possible to note the efficiency of the equipment used, because the obtained yields were superior when the same molecules were synthesized through the one-pot reaction. A scale-up of the Ugi reaction was also performed and presented a satisfactory result. In the second part some of these compounds were used as intermediates in the formation of an amide bond and we also apply the methodology related to the copper catalyzed cycloaddition between alkynes and azides in the synthesis of five new 1,2,3-triazoles compounds. It was the first work performed in the Laboratory of Heterocyclic Compounds of the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences using the continuous flow micro-reactor and this equipment met the needs of this work with effectiveness.
ARAÚJO, NETA Marlene Saraiva de. "Síntese de novas 4-acil-semicarbazidas e 1,2,4-triazóis isoxazolínicos com potenciais atividades biológicas." UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PERNAMBUCO, 2014. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/14989.
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Na literatura, existem inúmeros trabalhos com moléculas que possuem o núcleo 2-isoxazolina, como também moléculas que possuem os núcleos 4-acil-semicarbazida e 1,2,4-triazol. Não apenas trabalhos químicos para síntese destes grupos, mas, trabalhos com atividades farmacológicas, como antifúngica, antimicrobiana, anticonvulsivante, antinociceptiva, dentre outras atividades são amplamente discutidas. Desta forma, 5 novos derivados hibridizados com os núcleos citados foram sintetizados, porém o 1,2,4-triazol isoxazolínico sofreu degradação. A rota sintética consiste primeiramente na síntese do núcleo 2-isoxazolina azabicíclica, que foi realizada em duas partes, a partir da cicloadição 1,3-dipolar de enercarbamatos e enamidas endocíclicas com o N-óxido de nitrila CEFNO. As enemidas e enecarbamatos foram sintetizados tanto pelo método convencional já utilizado no grupo de pesquisa como pelo método novo utilizando o aparelho de ultrasom. Os cicloadutos advindos da cicloadição com os enecarbamatos sofreram desproteção do N5 por hidrólise ácida com o ácido trifluoroacético ou hidrogenólise e em seguida ocorreu a reação de N-benzoilação. Na cicloadição com enamidas endocíclicas e o N-óxido de nitrila CEFNO algumas etapas são diminuídas e o produto obtido já é a isoxazolina azabicíclica N-benzoílada. Posteriormente, estes produtos reagem com a hidrazina 80%, formando as respectivas hidrazidas N- benzoíladas que sofrem uma reação de condensação com o isocianato de p-clorofenila formando as 4-acil-semicarbazidas isoxazolínicas. Por fim, a ciclização da 4-acil-semicarbazida em meio básico foi realizada formando o 1,2,4-triazol isoxazolínico azabicíclico. Todos os novos produtos foram identificados e caracterizados por meio de espectrometria do Infravermelho e espectroscopia do RMN de 1H e 13C Os testes biológicos, atividade antinociceptiva e antimicrobiana, das novas 4-acil-semicarbazidas e 1,2,4-triazol ficam como perspectiva deste trabalho.
In literature, there are numerous studies which have molecules with 2-isoxazoline core, as well as molecules possessing the 4-acyl semicarbazide cores and 1,2,4-triazole. Not only chemical works for synthesis of these groups, but works with pharmacological activities such as antifungal, antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, anti-nociceptive and other activities are widely discussed. Thus, five new derivatives hybridized with the above cores were synthesized, but the 1,2,4-triazole isoxazolínico suffered degradation. The first synthetic pathway consists in the synthesis of 2-isoxazoline core azabicyclic, which was performed in two parts from the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of enercarbamatos and enamides with the endocyclic N-oxide CEFNO nitrile. The enemidas and enecarbamates were synthesized by both the conventional method already used in the research group as the new method using the ultrasonic apparatus. The cicloadutos arising from cycloaddition with enecarbamates N5 underwent deprotection by the acid hydrolysis with trifluoroacetic acid or hydrogenolysis and then place the N-benzoylation reaction. In endocyclic cycloaddition with enamides and nitrile N-oxide CEFNO some steps are reduced and the product is already obtained the azabicyclic N-benzoylated isoxazoline. Subsequently, these products are reacted with 80% hydrazine to form the corresponding hydrazides N- benzoíladas which undergo condensation reaction with p-clorofenila isocyanate to form the 4-acyl-semicarbazides isoxazolínicas. Finally, cyclization of the 4-acyl semicarbazide was carried out in basic medium to form the 1,2,4-triazole azabicyclic isoxazolínico. All new products were identified and characterized using infrared spectrometry and spectroscopy of 1H NMR and 13C. Biological tests, antinociceptive and antimicrobial activity, new 4-acyl-semicarbazides and 1,2,4-triazole are as of this perspective work.
Angermeier, Ludwig [Verfasser]. "Synthese von GABA-Uptake-Inhibitoren mit Triazol-Partialstruktur mittels Cycloaddition von Aziden und Alkinen / Ludwig Angermeier." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1122524471/34.
Full textAlves, Anna Carolina Schneider. "Planejamento, síntese e avaliação in vitro de híbridos 1,2,3-triazol-4-clorometilcumarinas com potencial atividade antioxidante." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/164785.
Full textCoumarins are secondary plant metabolites typically found in species of the Asteraceae, Rutaceae and Umbeliferae families that demonstrate diverse pharmacological properties associated with low toxicity to humans. Chemically, they are phenolic compounds characterized by the fusion of benzene with an α-pyrone ring, yielding the benzopyrone nucleus. Our research group usually synthesizes coumarins by the Pechmann reaction, through the condensation of phenols with β-ketoesters catalyzed by Bronsted or Lewis acids. One of the most recent works performed at our laboratory describes the synthesis of 6-methyl-4-chloromethylcoumarins with an IC50 of 1.6 μM concerning the anti-trypanocidal activity. Another work described the syntheses of coumarin-triazole hybrids with potential activity as anticancer agents. Based on the previous works, it was designed the synthesis of 4-chloromethylcoumarins via Pechmann condensation with several substituents at the position 6 of the coumarin ring through click chemistry reactions to improve their antioxidant activities. The synthesis of the coumarins started with Pechmann condensation using hydroquinone and ethyl 4-chloroaceacetate followed by functionalization of the phenolic hydroxyl with propargyl bromide via Williamsom ether synthesis. Subsequently, the click chemistry reactions were performed under microwave irradiation using different organic azides previously synthesized at our laboratory, yielding several 6-substituted-4-chloromethylcoumarin analogues which were evaluated for cell viability through MTT 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Their antioxidant capacity was also tested by the DCFH-DA (2’,7’–diihydrochlorofluorescin diacetate) method. Therefore, under the reaction conditions used in this study, it was possible to synthesize 12 novel compounds with yields between 9 and 61%. Preliminary biological assays indicated that the compounds synthesized have potential antioxidant activity and some molecules had potential as an antitumor agent.
Bottrel, Sue Ellen Costa. "Avaliação da remoção da Etilenotiouréia (ETU) e 1,2,4-Triazol através de processos oxidativos avançados e adsorção." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/ENGD-92JPDP.
Full textEste trabalho teve como objetivo a investigação dos processos de oxidação avançada (POA) e da adsorção em carvão ativado na remoção dos contaminantes etilenotiouréia (ETU) e 1,2,4 - triazol em água. Esses compostos são os principais metabólitos de dois herbicidas amplamente utilizados na lavoura do café - o mancozeb e o epoxiconazol - e, além de serem considerados persistentes, possuem elevada solubilidade em água a 20ºC, favorecendo sua dispersão e consequente contaminação dos corpos dágua. Estudos demonstraram que os métodos convencionais de purificação de água não são efetivos no tratamento de compostos orgânicos persistentes. Sabe-se que o processo de adsorção em carvão ativado tem sido utilizado em algumas estações de tratamento de águas (ETAs). Porém, seu uso nem sempre é precedido de estudos que garantam sua eficiência. Com o objetivo de demonstrar a importância da escolha do material adequado, bem como o entendimento do processo de adsorção para cada contaminante, estabeleceu-se a comparação entre dois carvões ativados comerciais utilizados em ETAs. Um dos carvões foi de origem vegetal e outro teve como matéria-prima ossos bovinos. Além da caracterização desses adsorventes, foram realizados estudos da cinética e da isoterma de adsorção da ETU e do 1,2,4-triazol em ambos os materiais. O carvão de osso demonstrou-se ineficiente na remoção dos dois compostos, diferentemente do carvão vegetal, que embora não tenha removido 100% dos contaminantes, apresentou uma eficiência de 50% e 80% na remoção da ETU e 1,2,4-triazol, respectivamente. Na segunda etapa deste trabalho foram realizados ensaios de Fenton e foto Fenton em soluções aquosas dos dois contaminantes previamente selecionados. Os ensaios de Fenton foram conduzidos segundo o planejamento fatorial dos experimentos a fim de se investigar a melhor configuração do processo em termos das concentrações dos reagentes (Fe2+ e H2O2) e dos contaminantes em um tempo de reação de 60 min. Os ensaios foto Fenton foram planejados de acordo com os resultados e conclusões obtidos no processo Fenton. Para os experimentos com ETU, foi obtido no máximo 29% de mineralização nos ensaios Fenton e 100% nos processo foto Fenton e peroxidação UV. O 1,2,4-triazol demonstrou melhores resultados, sendo que nos experimentos Fenton apresentaram eficiência máxima de 59% de mineralização e nos ensaios em presença de luz UV foi possível alcançar até 100% de remoção.
MELO, Valentina Nascimento e. "Síntese de 2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol)-1,4-naftoquinona de O-glicosídeos 2,3-insaturados com potencial antitumoral." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2015. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6378.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Two strategies were considered for the synthesis of 2,3-unsaturated O-glucosyl-1,2,3-triazoles. The reaction between tri-O-acetyl-D-glucal and triazole alcohols gave no stereoselectivity. In fact, β-isomer formation was increased. A second strategy furnished 2,3-unsaturated O-glucosides from tri-O-acetyl-D-glucal and alkynols via Ferrier rearrangement; this methodology employing montmorillonite K-10 doped with FeCl3∙6H2O affords new glycosides in good to excellent yields, short time and high α-stereoselectivity in dichloromethane. Subsequently, the glucosides were coupled with 2-azido-1,4-naphthoquinone to give a new series of 1,2,3-1H-triazolyl O-glucoside derivatives based on click reaction.
Duas estratégias foram consideradas para a síntese de 1,2,3-triazóis O-glicosídeos2,3-insaturados. A reação entre o tri-O-acetil-D-glucal e os alcoóis triazólicos não mostrou seletividade. De fato, a formação do isômero β foi aumentada. Uma segunda estratégia forneceu O-glicosídeos 2,3-insaturados a partir do tri-O-acetil-D-glucal e alquinóis via rearranjo de Ferrier; esta metodologia formou novos glicosídeos, empregando montmorilonite K-10 dopado com FeCl3∙6H2O em diclorometano, em rendimentos de bons à excelentes, baixo tempo reacional e alta α-estereosseletividade. Subsequentemente, os glicosídeos foram acoplados com 2-azido-1,4-naftoquinona formando uma nova série de derivados 1,2,3-1H-triazolil O-glicosídeos através da reação Click.
Donato, Franciele. "Envolvimento dos sistemas dopaminérgicos e serotoninergico no efeito tipo antidepressivo causado pelo fenilselenometil-1,2,3-triazol em camundongos." Universidade Federal do Pampa, 2013. http://dspace.unipampa.edu.br:8080/xmlui/handle/riu/297.
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A depressão é um transtorno mental comum associado a um significativo impacto negativo na qualidade da vida. Morbidade/mortalidade e função cognitiva. A teoria das monoaminas da depressão postula que esta doença resulta de uma deficiência na atividade monoaminérgica no cérebro. No entanto, outros sistemas neurais e processos bioquímicos, como o estresse oxidativo, parecem estar envoltos na sua patogênese. Os objetivos desse estudo foram investigar o efeito tipo antidepressivo e toxidade aguda do fenilselenometil-..-triazol(Se-TZ). (um suposto orgânico heterocíclico contendo selênio), administrado pela via oral em camundongos. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que a administração de Se-TZ, reduziu significativamente o tempo de imobilidade no teste de suspenção da cauda (TSC), sem alterar a atividade locomotora e exploratória no teste de campo aberto (tca). O efeito tipo antidepressivo de Se-TZ no TSC foi bloqueado pelo pré-tratamento dos camundongos com SCH23390 (0,05 mg/kg, s.c., antagonista seletivo do receptor D1), sulpirida (50 mg/kg, i.p.. antagonista seletivo do receptor D2) e metisergida (2mg/kg, s.c.. antagonista não seletivo dos receptores 5-HT), mas não com prazosin (1 mg/kg, i.p, antagonista de receptores α1- adrenérgico), ioimbina (1 mg/kg i.p., antagonista de receptores α2-adrenérgicos) e propranolol (2 mg/kg, i.p, antagonista não seletivo β-adrenérgico). A determinação dos níveis de neurotransmissores monoaminérgicos e seus metabólitos colaborou com os resultados obtidos anteriormente no TSC. Neste contexto, o Se-TZ, aumentou os níveis dos neurotransmissores monoaminérgicos dopamina (DA) e serotonina (5-HT) no córtex cerebral e no hipocampo. enquanto que os níveis de norepinefrina (NE), não foram alterados. Este estudo também mostrou que 72 horas após a administração do Se-TZ, os parâmetros de toxidade aguda aspartato aminotransferase (AST), alanina aminotransferase (ALT) uréia e creatinina, não foram alterados além disso, os resultados evidenciaram que a exposição ao Se-TZ causou um aumento significativo na atividade de catalase (CAT) no córtex cerebral e no hipocampo, no entanto, a glutadiona S-transferase (GST) aumentou apenas no córtex cerebral. A peroxidação lipídica e os níveis de tióis não-protéicos (NPSH) não foram alterados. Estes resultados sugerem que o Se-TZ apresentou efeito tipo antidepressivo. Mediado através do sistema neurotransmissor dopaminérgico (D1 e D2) e serotoninérgicos, sem causar toxidade aguda nos marcadores bioquímicos de lesão hepática e renal avaliados.
Depression is a common mental disorder associated whth a signigicant negative impact n quality of life, morbidity, and cognitive function. The monoamine theory of depression postultes that this disease results from a deficiency of brain monoaminergie activity, however other neural systems and biochemical process, like oxidative stress, appear to be involved in its pathogenesis. The aims of the study were investigated the antidepressant like effect, acute toxicity of 4-phenyl-1-(phenylselanylmenthyl)-1,2,3-trizole (Se-TZ), (an organocompounds selenium-containing heterocycles), administered by oral route, in mice. The results evidenced that administration of Se-TZ, significantly reduced immobility time in tail suspension test (TST), without altering locomotor and exploratory activity in the open-field test (OFT). The antidepressant-like effect of Se-TZ ib the TST was prevented by pretreatment of miche with SCH23390 (0,5 g/Kg, s. s, selective D1 receptor antagonist), sulpiride (50 mg/Kg, i.p., selective D2 receptor antagonist) and methysegide ( 2 mg/Kg, s.c., non-selective 5-HT receptors antagonist), but not with prazosin ( 1 mg/Kg, i.p., an α 1 –adrenoreceptor antagonist), yohimbine ( 1 mg/Kg, i.pi.; an α 2-adrenoreceptor antagonist) and propranolol (2 mg/Kg i.p.; β-adrenoreceptor antagonist). The determination of levels of monoamine neurotransmitters and their metabolites cooperating with results obtained previously in TST. In this context, the Se-TZ, increased monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine (DA) an serotonin (5-HT) levels in the cerebral cortex an hippocampus, whereas norepinephrine (NE) levels, were not altered. This study also showed that 72 hours after administration of single oral dose of Se-TZ, the paramenters of acute toxicity to biochemical makers hepatic damage: aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and renal: urea and creatinine, were not altered. Furthermore, the results evidenced that exposure to Se-TZ caused a significant increase in the catalase (CAT) activity in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, however the glutathione S-tranferase CGST) activity increased only in cerebral cortex. The lipid peroxidation and NPSH (non protein thiols) levels, were not changed. These results suggest that the Se-TZ presented antidepressant effect, mediated through the dopaminiergie (D1 and D2) and serotonergie neurotransmitter systems, without causing acute toxicity in biochemical makers of liver and kidney damage evaluated.
Maingot, Mathieu. "Conception et synthèse de ligands peptidomimétiques du récepteur de la ghréline." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS110.
Full textGhrelin is a hormone of 28 amino acids, mostly synthesized in the stomach. Firstly identified as a growth hormone secretagogue, this peptide is also involved in food intake, blood glucose and in some processes related to addiction. Ghrelin effects are mediated by a G protein-coupled receptor: GHS-R1a (Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor). This receptor has a high constitutive activity and a complex intra-cellular signaling network via the activation of β-arrestin and different isoforms of G protein (Gq, Gi / o, G12 / 13). Given these multiple effects, ligands of GHS-R1a have a therapeutic interest.This thesis is devoted to the development of antagonists and inverse agonists of hGHS-R1a whose structure is based on the 3,4,5-trisubstituted 1,2,4-triazole scaffold. Thanks to a successive study of the various substituents of the peptidomimetic platform we identified antagonists with nanomolar affinity and inverse agonists with a significant efficiency. These compounds appear to be attractive candidates for in vivo studies on food intake or addiction models. On the other hand, a sophisticated pharmacological study, conducted on our compounds, has demonstrated that it is possible to obtain biased ligands based on the triazole motif. These results provide new informations about the functional selectivity of GHS-R1a. Thus, these data, combined with additional in vivo studies, could be useful for the design of new drugs with limited side effects
Mark, Noah William. "Batch and Column Transport Studies of Environmental Fate of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) in Soils." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/321539.
Full textMartini, Maike Stefanie [Verfasser]. "Synthese Imidazol- und Triazol-haltiger Vernetzer auf Basis von Maleinimiden und Aminosäuren für Hyaluronsäure-Hydrogele / Maike Stefanie Martini." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080754458/34.
Full textLeal, Daiana Martins. "Síntese de 4-organocalcogenoil-1H-1,2,3-triazol: funcionalização da unidade triazólica via acoplamento de Negishi catalisado por níquel." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9138/tde-10092012-112502/.
Full textIn this work it was synthesized a range of different 4- organochalcogenoyl-triazoles (3a-o, 5a-f) employing the Copper Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloadittion (CAACu) 1,3-dipolar in two distinct methodologies: one of them applied to the selenium compounds and the other one to the tellurium triazoles. To the acetylenic selenides (1a,b) was employed the catalytic system composing of Cu(OAc)2 and sodium ascorbate, while with the telurides (4a,b), CuI and PMDTA was used. Practicing these methodologies it was possible to obtain 14 differents selenium-triazoles (3a-o) and 6 tellurotrizoles (5a-f). In the next step of the work, the products previously obtained through the CAACu were employed as the eletrophile partner in Negishi-type cross coupling reactions, with organozinc nucleophiles. Thereby, the use of nickel catalyst and fosfines ligands allowed some triazolic compounds (6a-k) synthesis starting from 1,2,3-triazole chalcogenides (3k, 3l, 3o, 5a). The results described here showed the nickel catalysis efficiency in Negishi-type cross-coupling reaction. Furthermore, it is remarkable the applicability of the products obtained from the CAACu.
SILVA, Moara Targino da. "Síntese de derivados de glicero-carboidratos e amino-1,2,3-triazóis." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2015. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/7037.
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New synthetic strategies have been proposed for development of bioactive substances containing derivatives from renewable resource, such as glycerol and carbohydrate. Heterocyclic are other important class of compounds and among the most studied, 1,2,3-triazole are highlighted because of its synthetic versatility and wide range of biological application. The present work towards the synthesis of glycero-carbohydrates and new amino-triazole and naphthoquinone derivatives. 1,2,3-Triazoles (16-19) and (28-31) were prepared from N-[alkyl-azido]-phthalimides (11-14) and phenylacetylene (15) or 4-brome-1-butine (27) alkynes via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction in yields from 70 to 91%. Amine protection phthalimide group of 4-(phenyl)-N-(alkyl)-phthalimide-1,2,3-triazoles (16-19) was removed using hydrazine. Then, the amino-triazoles (20-22) obtained were reacted with 1,4-naphthoquinone (23) to afford the 1,2,3-triazole-2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinones (24-26) in yields of 88-89%. 4-(2-Azido-ethyl)-N-phthalimide-1,2,3-triazoles (32-35) were synthesized from the corresponding bromide compounds in yields of 80-91%. Chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic data and elemental analyses.
Novas estratégias sintéticas estão sendo propostas para o desenvolvimento de substâncias bioativas contendo derivados de fontes naturais e renováveis, como por exemplo, glicerol e carboidrato. Outra classe de compostos de bastante importância são os heterociclos e dentre os mais estudados destacamos os 1,2,3-triazóis devido a sua versatilidade sintética e ampla aplicação biológica. O presente trabalho visa a síntese de glicero-carboidratos e novos amino derivados de triazóis e naftoquinonas. A partir de N-[alquil-azido]-ftalimidas (11-14) e os alcinos terminais fenilacetileno (15) ou 4-bromo-1-butino (27), foram preparados os 1,2,3-triazóis via reação de cicloadição 1,3-dipolar. Os compostos 4-(fenil)-N-(alquil)-ftalimidas-1,2,3-triazóis (16-19) e os 4-(2-bromo-etil)-N-(alquil)-ftalimida-1,2,3-triazóis (28-31) foram obtidos com rendimentos entre 70 e 91%. Nos compostos 4-(fenil)-N-(alquil)-ftalimidas-1,2,3-triazóis (16-19) foi realizado a retirada do grupo ftalimida usando hidrazina. Desta forma, os amino-triazóis (20-22) obtidos reagiram com a 1,4-naftoquinona (23) fornecendo as amino-1,4-naftoquinonas (24-26) com rendimentos de 84-89%. Os 4-(2-azido-etil)-N-ftalimida-1,2,3-triazóis (32-35) foram sintetizados com rendimentos entre 80-91% a partir dos compostos bromados correspondentes. As estruturas químicas foram elucidadas por espectroscopia de ressonância magnética nuclear de 1H e 13C, e análise elementar.
SILVA, Gilson Bezerra da. "Sintese mediada por ultrassom de potenciais antibióticos e antitumorais derivados de glicopiranosil 1,2,3-triazóis." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2011. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6388.
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The purpose of this work is to synthesize a novel B glycosilpyranose linked to heterocyclic 1,2,3-triazole at N-1 under ultrasound irradiation. We have been engaged in the preparation of various glycosyl triazoles from the reaction between glycosyl azide and terminal alkynes. The glycosyl triazoles have been obtained in moderate to excellent yields (63-99%) through the copper (I)- catalyst 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction at room temperature using ultrasound irradiation. We have also applied the ultrasound energy to increase the chemical reactivity in all reaction steps, which consequently enhanced notabily the reaction rates as well as the yields. Carrageenan-induced paw edema model was used to assess the anti-inflammatory effect. Preliminary antiinflammatory activity tests have been performed with substituted 1,2,3-triazole contaning glycoconjugates and the results demonstrate that these compounds are able to reduce the carrageenan-induced paw swelling by 49.2-64.7%, and represent a promising starting point for further modification of drug candidates which should be useful treating inflammation.
O propósito deste trabalho foi sintetizar uma nova série de B glicosilpiranose ligada ao heterociclo 1,2,3-triazólico, pelo nitrogênio N-1, sob irradiação de ultrassom. Estamos empenhados na preparação de vários triazóis ligados a glicopiranose a partir da reação entre -glicopiranosil azida e vários alcinos terminais. Os glicopiranosil-triazóis foram obtidos em moderados a excelentes rendimentos (63-99%) pela reação de cicloadição 1,3-dipolar catalisada por cobre (I) à temperatura ambiente empregando a irradiação de ultrassom. Também aplicamos a energia de ultrassom para aumentar a reatividade química em todas as etapas de reação, aumentando notavelmente tanto a velocidade da reação quanto os rendimentos dos produtos desejados. O estudo do efeito da atividade anti-inflamatória foi avaliado através da indução da inflamação pela carragenina. Testes preliminares da atividade antiinflamatória foram realizados para os glicoconjugados de benzoeterociclos-1,2,3-triazólicos e os resultados demonstraram que estes compostos reduziram o edema da pata induzido pela carragenina em 49,2-64,7%, e representa promissor ponto de partida no desenvolvimento de candidatos a fármacos para uso em terapias anti-inflamatórias.
SILVA, Mauro Gomes da. "Síntese e avaliação da atividade antitumoral de heterocíclicos furânicos, triazólicos e quinolínicos contendo o núcleo naftoquinona." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/20259.
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CAPES
Utilizando a estratégia de hibridação molecular, neste trabalho foi construído uma quimioteca de heterocíclicos furânicos, triazólicos e quinolínicos contendo o núcleo naftoquinona, reunindo características estruturais de compostos bioativos distintos, originando assim, moléculas híbridas com amplo potencial farmacológico. Inicialmente, foram sintetizados seis derivados 2-acetoxi-3-alquinill-1,4naftoquinonas via reação de acoplamento Sonogashira entre o 2-acetoxi-3-iodo-1,4naftoquinona e diversos alquinos terminais funcionalizados com rendimentos que variaram de 40-73%, que posteriormente foram submetidos a uma heterocilização intramolecular, formando os derivados furanonaftoquinonas com rendimentos bons entre 72-85%. Os derivados 2-acetoxi-3-alquinil-1,4-naftoquinonas e os furanonaftoquinonas foram submetidos à avaliação do potencial citotóxico em três linhagens de células de glioblastomas, GBMO2, GBM95 e A172, apresentando, no geral, resultados satisfatórios para inibição do crescimento celular. Os compostos 2acetoxi-3-feniletinil-1,4-naftoquinona, 2-acetoxi-3-(4-metoxilfeniletinil)-1,4naftoquinona e 2-acetoxi-3-(4-metilfeniletinil)-1,4-naftoquinona se destacaram dentre as substâncias analisadas por apresentarem menor CI50 para as três linhagens celulares de glioblastomas testadas, resultados estes significativos para dar continuidade nos estudos de citotoxicidade. Em seguida, foi desenvolvida uma nova rota sintética para obtenção por “click chemistry” de novos compostos aminoalquiltriazóis naftoquinônicos através das reações de cicloadição 1,3-dipolar entre 2azidoalquilamino-1,4-naftoquinonas e diversos alquinos terminais, sendo sintetizados vinte novos derivados 2-[(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-il)alquilamino]-1,4naftoquinonas com rendimentos entre 70-97%. Estes heterocíclicos triazólicos foram avaliados frente às linhagens tumorais HEp-2 (carcinoma de laringe humana), NCIH292 (carcinoma mucoepidermoide de pulmão humano), HT-29 (adenocarcinoma de colón humano), MCF-7 (câncer de mama humano) e HL-60 (leucemia promielocitica aguda). Os compostos 2-[2-(4-propil-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-il)etilamino]-1,4-naftoquinona e 2-{3-[4-(2-hidroxibutan-2-il)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-il]propilamino}-1,4-naftoquinona exibiram citotoxicidade moderada frente às linhagens HL-60, HL-60 e MCF-7, respectivamente, demonstrando ação inibitória seletiva. Por fim, foram sintetizados vinte quatro derivados 6-alquilamino-5,8-quinolinoquinonas a partir de uma direta aminação nucleofílica do 7-bromo-5,8-quinolinoquinona com aminas primárias e secundárias, sendo desenvolvida uma nova estratégia sintética para a obtenção dos compostos 6-alquilamino-5,8-quinolinoquinonas a partir de aminas primárias. Estes compostos são promissores candidatos para desenvolvimento de novas drogas antitumorais.
By using the strategy of molecular hybridization, in this work it was built a chemical library with furan, triazole and quinoline heterocyclic compounds, containing the naphthoquinone nucleus, gathering structural characteristics of distinct bioactives resulting in hybrid molecules with large pharmacological potencial. Initially, six 2acetoxy-3-alkynyl-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives were synthesized through Sonogashira cross coupling reaction involving 2-acetoxy-3-iodo-1,4-naphthoquinone and several functionalized terminal alkynes in 40-73% yields, which later were submitted to intramolecular heterocyclization, forming the furan derivatives in 72-85% yields. The 2-acetoxy-3-alkynyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and furanonaphthoquinone derivatives were submitted to cytotoxic screening against three glioblastoma cell lines GBMO2, GBM95 e A172, resulting in satisfactory results to the inhibition of cellular growth. The 2-acetoxy-3-phenylethynyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, 2-acetoxy-3-(4methoxyphenylethynyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone and 2-acetoxy-3-(4methylphenylethynyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone stood out among the substances analyzed by their lower IC50 for the three cell lines tested glioblastomas. These results are significant to continue in the cytotoxicity studies. Then, a new synthetic route by “click chemistry” was developed to obtain new aminoalkyl-triazoles naphthoquinone compounds through the reactions of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between 2azidoalkylamino-1,4-napthoquinones and several terminal alkynes. A serie of twenty 2-[(1H-1,2,3-triazole-1-yl)alkylamino]-1,4-naphthoquinones derivatives were synthetized in 70-97% yields. These triazole heterocyclics were tested against the tumor cell lines HEp-2 (human laryngeal carcinoma), NCI-H292 (human mucoepidermoid lung carcinoma), HT-29 (human colon adenocarcinoma), MCF-7 (human breast cancer) and HL-60 (human promyelocytic leukemia). The compounds 2-[2-(4-propyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-1-yl)ethylamino]-1,4-naphthoquinone and 2-{3-[4-(2hydroxybut-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-1-yl]propylamino}-1,4-naphthoquinone showed moderated cytotoxicity against HL-60, HL-60 e MCF-7, showing a selective inhibition profile. Finally, twenty four 6-alkylamino-5,8-quinolinequinones were obtained by direct nucleophilic amination of 7-bromo-5,8-quinolinequinone with primary and secondary alkylamines, providing a new synthetic strategy to the acquisition of 6alkylamino-5,8-quinolinequinones compounds from primary amines. These compounds are promising candidates for the development of new antitumor drugs.
Vasconcelos, Stanley Nunes Siqueira. "Síntese de 5-organoteluro-1H-1,2,3-triazóis-1,4-dissubstituídos, funcionalização via reação de acoplamento cruzado de Sonogashira e síntese one-pot de derivados do indol-3-glioxila e indol-3-glioxil-1,2,3-triazóis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9138/tde-16012014-141941/.
Full textIn chapter 1 we present an efficient synthesis of 5-organotelluro-1H-1,2,3-triazole compounds that was accomplished via the [3+2]-cycloaddition reaction of organoazides and organotelluro alkynes. Additionally, 5-organotelluro-1H-1,2,3-triazoles were readily functionalized at the 5-position via the Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction, leading to highly functionalised triazoles. The regiochemistry of the products was assessed by bidimensional NMR experiments, theoretical calculations and x-ray crystallography. We presented a mechanistic proposal for the cycloaddition mediated by copper, based on high resolution mass spectrometry experiments. In chapter 2 we investigated a general and efficient reaction of indole with oxalyl chloride and nucleophiles providing indole-3-glyoxyl derivatives which has been developed in mild conditions. In the same fashion, the other reaction involved the addition of organic azides leading to the synthesis of indole-3-glyoxyl-1,2,3-triazoles, which proceeds smoothly generating the products in moderate to high yields.
Magossi, Maiara de Souza [UNESP]. "Sílica gel organofuncionalizada com 4-amino-5-(4-piridil) 4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-tiol (aptt): Propriedades adsortivas e eletroanalíticas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/126530.
Full textNo presente trabalho, a 3-cloropropil sílica gel (SG) foi preparada e organofuncionalizada com 4-amino-5-(4-piridil)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-tiol (APTT), o material obtido na funcionalização foi descrito como SGAPTT. O material obtido foi caracterizado por diferentes técnicas experimentais, tais como: espectroscopia na região do infravermelho (FTIR), espectroscopia de energia dispersiva de raios-X (EDX), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Foi realizado a análise de área superficial e porosidade para o precursor SG e o produto SGAPTT. Após a caracterização estrutural e morfológica, foram realizados estudos de adsorção de íons metálicos (Cu 2+ ) para o SGAPTT em diferentes meios, tais como: água, etanol 42% e etanol 99% e em diferentes temperaturas, tais como: 25, 35 e 45°C. Determinou-se o tempo de equilíbrio de adsorção, onde para todos os meios estudados foi em média 40 minutos. Em seguida, determinou-se a capacidade de adsorção (N f max ) por intermédio de isotermas com diferentes concentrações molares de íons Cu 2+, os valores obtidos de N f max para o meio aquoso foram de 22,0×10 -5, 24,0×10 -5 e 28,0×10 -5 mol g -1 para as temperaturas de 25, 35 e 45°C, respectivamente. Para o meio etanólico 42% os valores de N f max foram de 31,4×10 -5, 39,4×10 -5 e 41,2×10 -5 e para o meio etanólico 99% os valores de (N f max ) foram de 47,17×10 -5, 50,3×10 -5 e 56,8×10 -5 mol g -1 nas temperaturas de 25, 35 e 45°C, respectivamente. Os valores de N f aumentaram de acordo com a seguinte ordem de solventes: água < etanol 42% < etanol 99%. O modelo de Langmuir foi o mais apropriado para descrever os dados de adsorção. Os parâmetros termodinâmicos ΔG, ΔH e ΔS foram avaliados para o material SGAPTT e observou-se que as capacidades de adsorção aumentaram com o aumento da temperatura, indicando um processo endotérmico. Os valores de (ΔG < 0) indicam que o processo de...
In the present work, 3-chloropropyl silica gel (SG) was prepared and organofunctionalized with 4-amino-5-(4-pyridyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (APTT), and the material obtained of the functionalization was described as SGAPTT. The material obtained was characterized by different experimental techniques such as spectroscopy in the infrared (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Was performed to analyze the surface area and porosity for the precursor and the SG SGAPTT product. After the structural and morphological characterization of metal ion adsorption studies were performed (Cu 2+ ) to SGAPTT in different media, such as water, ethanol 42% and 99% ethanol at different temperatures, such as 25, 35 and 45 ° C. Determined the adsorption equilibrium time, where for all media studied was on average 40 minutes. Then, we determined the adsorption capacity (N f max ) through isotherms with different molar concentrations of Cu 2+ ions, the values obtained for the N f max aqueous solution was 22.0 × 10 -5, 24, 0 × 10 -5 and 28.0 x 10 -5 mol g -1 for the temperatures 25, 35 and 45 ° C respectively. For the 42% ethanolic medium N f max values were 31.4 × 10 -5, 39.4 × 10 -5 and 41.2 x 10 -5 mol g -1 and 99% ethanolic medium values N f max were 47.17 × 10 -5, 50.3 × 10 -5 and 56.8 x 10 -5 mol g -1 at temperatures of 25, 35 and 45 ° C respectively. The N f values increased according to the following order of solvents: water <42% ethanol <99% ethanol. The Langmuir model was the most appropriate to describe the adsorption data. The thermodynamic parameters ΔG, ΔH and ΔS were evaluated for SGAPTT material, and it was observed that the adsorption capacity increased with increasing temperature, indicating an endothermic process. The values of (ΔG <0) indicate that the adsorption process is spontaneous and positive values of entropy indicate that there is an increase ...
Magossi, Maiara de Souza. "Sílica gel organofuncionalizada com 4-amino-5-(4-piridil) 4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-tiol (aptt): Propriedades adsortivas e eletroanalíticas /." Ilha Solteira, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/126530.
Full textBanca: Newton Luiz Dias Filho
Banca: Tatiana Martelli Mazzo
Resumo: No presente trabalho, a 3-cloropropil sílica gel (SG) foi preparada e organofuncionalizada com 4-amino-5-(4-piridil)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-tiol (APTT), o material obtido na funcionalização foi descrito como SGAPTT. O material obtido foi caracterizado por diferentes técnicas experimentais, tais como: espectroscopia na região do infravermelho (FTIR), espectroscopia de energia dispersiva de raios-X (EDX), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Foi realizado a análise de área superficial e porosidade para o precursor SG e o produto SGAPTT. Após a caracterização estrutural e morfológica, foram realizados estudos de adsorção de íons metálicos (Cu 2+ ) para o SGAPTT em diferentes meios, tais como: água, etanol 42% e etanol 99% e em diferentes temperaturas, tais como: 25, 35 e 45°C. Determinou-se o tempo de equilíbrio de adsorção, onde para todos os meios estudados foi em média 40 minutos. Em seguida, determinou-se a capacidade de adsorção (N f max ) por intermédio de isotermas com diferentes concentrações molares de íons Cu 2+, os valores obtidos de N f max para o meio aquoso foram de 22,0×10 -5, 24,0×10 -5 e 28,0×10 -5 mol g -1 para as temperaturas de 25, 35 e 45°C, respectivamente. Para o meio etanólico 42% os valores de N f max foram de 31,4×10 -5, 39,4×10 -5 e 41,2×10 -5 e para o meio etanólico 99% os valores de (N f max ) foram de 47,17×10 -5, 50,3×10 -5 e 56,8×10 -5 mol g -1 nas temperaturas de 25, 35 e 45°C, respectivamente. Os valores de N f aumentaram de acordo com a seguinte ordem de solventes: água < etanol 42% < etanol 99%. O modelo de Langmuir foi o mais apropriado para descrever os dados de adsorção. Os parâmetros termodinâmicos ΔG, ΔH e ΔS foram avaliados para o material SGAPTT e observou-se que as capacidades de adsorção aumentaram com o aumento da temperatura, indicando um processo endotérmico. Os valores de (ΔG < 0) indicam que o processo de...
Abstract: In the present work, 3-chloropropyl silica gel (SG) was prepared and organofunctionalized with 4-amino-5-(4-pyridyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (APTT), and the material obtained of the functionalization was described as SGAPTT. The material obtained was characterized by different experimental techniques such as spectroscopy in the infrared (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Was performed to analyze the surface area and porosity for the precursor and the SG SGAPTT product. After the structural and morphological characterization of metal ion adsorption studies were performed (Cu 2+ ) to SGAPTT in different media, such as water, ethanol 42% and 99% ethanol at different temperatures, such as 25, 35 and 45 ° C. Determined the adsorption equilibrium time, where for all media studied was on average 40 minutes. Then, we determined the adsorption capacity (N f max ) through isotherms with different molar concentrations of Cu 2+ ions, the values obtained for the N f max aqueous solution was 22.0 × 10 -5, 24, 0 × 10 -5 and 28.0 x 10 -5 mol g -1 for the temperatures 25, 35 and 45 ° C respectively. For the 42% ethanolic medium N f max values were 31.4 × 10 -5, 39.4 × 10 -5 and 41.2 x 10 -5 mol g -1 and 99% ethanolic medium values N f max were 47.17 × 10 -5, 50.3 × 10 -5 and 56.8 x 10 -5 mol g -1 at temperatures of 25, 35 and 45 ° C respectively. The N f values increased according to the following order of solvents: water <42% ethanol <99% ethanol. The Langmuir model was the most appropriate to describe the adsorption data. The thermodynamic parameters ΔG, ΔH and ΔS were evaluated for SGAPTT material, and it was observed that the adsorption capacity increased with increasing temperature, indicating an endothermic process. The values of (ΔG <0) indicate that the adsorption process is spontaneous and positive values of entropy indicate that there is an increase ...
Mestre
Bastardis, Cristiane Aragão de Souza. "Preparação e Avaliação da Atividade Catalítica de Polímeros de Condensação de Metilpiridinas e Tereftalaldeído em Reações de Nitroaldol e Cicloadição Heterodipolar [3+2]." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8607.
Full textIn this study, polymeric bases from 2,6-dimethylpyridines and terephthaladehyde using 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine as crosslinking agent were prepared. The resins were synthesized under conventional heating, and purified by precipitation in methanol, with yields ranging 59-95%. The produced copolymers were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), infrared spectroscopy by attenuated total reflection (FTIR - ATR) and basic activity. The catalytic ability of the material produced was evaluated in nitroaldol reactions (Henry reactions) as both conventional heating and a microwave reactor. Catalytic activity was not observed for the tested resins in these reactions. The polymeric material produced was also tested as an activator in Heterodipolar [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions, with benzyl azide and ethyl propiolate to the formation of triazoles, performed in microwave reactor and conventional heating. The reaction proved to be regioselective and recycling processes of the catalyst is efficient in consecutive reactions
Angermeier, Ludwig [Verfasser], and Klaus T. [Akademischer Betreuer] Wanner. "Synthese von GABA-Uptake-Inhibitoren mit Triazol-Partialstruktur mittels Cycloaddition von Aziden und Alkinen / Ludwig Angermeier ; Betreuer: Klaus T. Wanner." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1122435592/34.
Full textMena, Hesham. "Synthesis and characterization of metal-organic and supramolecular compounds based on the 1,2-bis(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)ethane ligand." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-opus-61412.
Full textBhat, Shreesha V. "Synthesis of 1,2,4 oxadiazol-5-imine, 1,2,4-triazol-3-imine and derivatives : a substituted cyanamide-based strategy for heterocycle synthesis." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2017. http://eprints.lincoln.ac.uk/28632/.
Full textLuz, Fábio Mulazzani da. "Síntese de 1h-1,2,3-triazol-4-il-1,3,4-oxadiazóis a partir de 4-alcóxi-1,1,1-tricloro-3-alquen-2-onas." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10593.
Full textEste trabalho descreve a síntese e a caracterização de séries de 1H-1,2,3-triazóis tricloroacetil substituídos (10 12), 1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-il-carboidrazidas (14 16) e 1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-il-1,3,4-oxadiazóis (18 19), obtidos através de um rota sintética que contém três passos reacionais, tendo como passo inicial, a reação de cicloadição 1,3-dipolar entre 4-alcóxi-1,1,1-tricloro-3-alquen-2-onas (1a,b) e benzil azidas substituídas (7 9), como passo intermediário a reação halofórmica entre 1H-1,2,3-triazóis tricloroacetil substituídos (10 12) e hidrazina monoidratada (13), e como passo final a reação de ciclocondensação [4 + 1] entre 1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-il-carboidrazidas (14 16) e ortoacetato de trietila (17). Duas 4-alcóxi-1,1,1-tricloro-3-alquen-2-onas (1a,b) e três benzil azidas substituídas (7 9) foram empregadas na síntese 1H-1,2,3-triazol tricloroacetil substituídos (10 12), que resultou em seis compostos com rendimentos de 40 a 75 %, todos contendo, estrategicamente, o substituinte tricloroacetila na posição 4 do anel triazólico. Posteriormente estes triazóis (10 12) levaram a obteção de cinco exemplos de 1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-il-carboidrazidas (14 16) através da reação frente hidrazina monoidratada (13), com rendimentos de 73 a 82 %. Por fim, as carboidrazidas (14 16) e o ortoacetato de trietila (17) foram empregados para a obtenção de 1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-il-1,3,4-oxadiazóis (18 19), com rendimentos de 65 a 71 %, entretanto, o composto 1-(4-metoxibenzil)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-il-carboidrazida (16) levou à obtenção da carbazona N -(1-etoxietileno)-[1-(4-metoxibenzil)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-il]hidrazida (20), com rendimento de 48 %. A grande maioria destes compostos obtidos (11 exemplos) são inéditos. Para provar a versatilidade sintética de carboidrazidas, os compostos 1-(2,6-difluorbenzil)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-il-carboidrazida (14a) e 4-fenil-1,1,1-triflúor-4-metóxi-but-3-en-2-ona (2) foram empregados na síntese de um exemplo de Dissertação de Mestrado Fábio Mulazzani da Luz - 2014 pirazoliniltriazolilcetona (21), obtido com um rendimento de 70 %. Composto também inédito. A análise estrutural dos compostos sintetizados foi caracterizada por experimentos de RMN de 1H, 13C, e espectrometria de massas (GC-EM), e sua pureza determinada via análise elementar.
Corrales, Roberta Cristina Novaes Reis. "Síntese e avaliação biológica de derivados de 6-mercaptopurina, carboidratos e aminoálcoois." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2011. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4290.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
A tese de doutorado intitulada Síntese e Avaliação Biológica de Derivados de 6-Mercaptopurina, Carboidratos e Aminoálcoois está apresentada em três capítulos que descrevem a síntese e caracterização de compostos com potencial atividade antiparasitária (Leishmania, Plasmodium berghei), antibacteriana (bactérias Gram positiva e negativa, Mycobacterium tuberculosis) e em macrófagos peritoneais de mamíferos. Foram obtidos 53 compostos neste trabalho, sendo 30 inéditos, a saber: no capitulo 1 foi descrita a síntese de 27 compostos, sendo 14 derivados inéditos de 6mercaptopurina (6-MP); no capítulo 2 foi descrita a síntese de 14 compostos, sendo 6 derivados inéditos da D-glicose e 1 derivado inédito da D-ribonolactona; no capítulo 3 foi descrita a síntese de 14 compostos, sendo 9 aminoálcoois inéditos. O primeiro capítulo mostra a síntese de derivados de 6-MP contendo 1,2,3-triazol e derivados de esteróides. Os derivados triazólicos de 6-MP foram obtidos através de uma reação de cicloadição 1,3-dipolar tipo “click” usando um alcino terminal e um grupo azido. Os derivados de 6-MP contendo esteróides, sem o espaçador triazólico, foram obtidos através de uma reação de substituição nucleofílica entre o sal de 6-MP e mesilatos do ácido cólico e do ácido desoxicólico. Dentre os compostos submetidos à avaliação biológica, os derivados de 6-MP conjugados com esteróides apresentaram melhor atividade em Leishmania e a maioria apresentou importante atividade em P. berghei. Nenhum composto testado apresentou citotoxicidade in vitro para macrófagos peritoneais de camundongos até a máxima concentração de 48 µg/mL. O segundo capítulo mostra a síntese e caracterização de derivados da D-glicose contendo 1,2,3-triazol, obtidos através de reação tipo “click” e de derivados da D-gliconolactona e D-ribonolactona. Apesar dos compostos testados não terem apresentado atividade antiparasitária e antibacteriana efetiva, nenhum apresentou toxidez para os macrófagos de mamíferos. O terceiro capítulo descreve a síntese e caracterização de derivados aminoálcoois aromáticos com variada extensão de cadeia e de função química e apresentaram importante atividade biológica, principalmente em L. major. As estruturas dos produtos obtidos foram elucidadas pelos seus espectros na região do infravermelho, Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de 1H e 13C, Mapa de contornos homonuclear COSY, faixa de fusão e espectros de massas de alta resolução.
The doctoral thesis entitled Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Derivatives of 6-Mercaptopurine, Carbohydrates and Aminoalcohol is presented in three chapters that describe the synthesis and characterization of compounds with potential antiparasitic activity (Leishmania, Plasmodium berghei), antibacterial (bacteria Gram positive and negative, Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and peritoneal macrophages of mammals. 53 compounds were obtained in this work, with 30 firsts, namely: Chapter 1 was described in the synthesis of compounds 27, 14 novel derivatives of 6-mercaptopurine (6MP), was described in Chapter 2 the synthesis of compounds 14, 6 being derived from unpublished 1 D-glucose and derived novel D-ribonolactona, was described in Chapter 3 the synthesis of compounds 14, 9 amino unpublished. The first chapter shows the synthesis of derivatives of 6-MP containing 1,2,3triazole derivatives and steroids. The triazole derivatives of 6-MP were obtained by a reaction of type 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition "click" using a terminal alkyne and an azide group. Derivatives of 6-MP containing steroids, without the spacer triazole, was obtained through a nucleophilic substitution reaction between the salt of 6-MP and mesylates cholic acid and deoxycholic acid. Among the compounds subjected to biological evaluation, derivatives of 6-MP in conjunction with steroids showed better activity in Leishmania and most showed a significant activity in P. berghei. No compound tested showed cytotoxicity in vitro for mouse peritoneal macrophages to g / mL.µthe maximum concentration of 48 µg/mL. The second chapter shows the synthesis and characterization of D-glucose derivatives containing 1,2,3-triazole, obtained by reaction type "click" derivatives of Dgliconolactona and D-ribonolactona. Although the compounds tested did not show effective antibacterial and antiparasitic activity, showed no toxicity to mammalian macrophages. The third chapter describes the synthesis and characterization of aromatic amino derivatives with varied chain length and chemical function and had significant biological activity, especially in L. Major. The structures of the products obtained were elucidated by their spectra in the infrared, 1H NMR and 13C, homonuclear COSY contour map, melting point and mass spectra with high resolution.
Junqueira, Getúlio Gomes. "Síntese e avaliação de derivados galactosil-triazolobenzenossulfonamidas como potenciais inibidores de transsialidase de Trypanosoma cruzi." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60138/tde-05092013-114454/.
Full textChagas disease is considered the third most common tropical parasitic disease worldwide, after malaria and schistosomiasis, and its causer is the flagellate protozoan, Trypanosoma cruzi. The parasite expresses a surface enzyme known as Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase (TcTS), responsible for the transference of sialic acid from host cell to ?-galactose terminal molecules present in surface glycoproteins. Sialylated glycoproteins molecules are involved in adhesion and further penetration of parasite in host cell. Due to TcTS primordial role in recognizing and invasion of host cells, as well as its absence in humans, this enzyme becomes a potential target to be investigated. TcTS is specific on catalyzing, specially, transference of sialic acid to mucin molecule giving ?-2,3 bond with ?-galactose moiety in parasite surface. Considering the importance of the galactose moiety and the function of carboxylic in sialic acid for interactions in TcTS enzyme, we prioritized the synthesis of galactosyl-triazol-benzenesulfonamides derivatives with different substituents since sulfonamide group is bioisoster of carboxylic acid, in attempt to produce potential inhibitors of TcTS. The galactosyl-triazol-benzenesulfonamides derivatives 45-51 were prepared via click chemistry reaction (Copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC)) from galactose intermediate with terminal amino group 30 and aril azides derivatives 38-44. After removing acetyl group, the inhibiting activity of products 52-58 were evaluated in TcTS fluorimetric in vitro assay. We found very promising results, specially with 58 (containing galactosyl-triazolic group bonded to sulfapyridine), wich showed 81% of inhibitory activity in 1,0mM solution, bringing expectations for synthesis of greater number of galactosyl-triazolbenzenesulfonamides derivatives with different substituents in R, to establish studies of structure relationship activity. Additionally, trypanocidal and cytotoxic activity of compounds 53-55 were tested and showed maximum activity of 50%, commonly in concentrations of 500 to 250 ?M, specially compound 55, containing galactosyltriazolic group bonded to sulfamerazine, with showed moderate activity, but higher then benznidazol in lower concentrations (15,0 - 1,9 ?mol.L-1). On the other hand, according to cytotoxicity results, activity were observed only in higher concentrations, as for benznidazol.
Meudtner, Robert M. [Verfasser], Stefan [Gutachter] Hecht, Christian [Gutachter] Limberg, and Jan van [Gutachter] Esch. "Neuartige Triazol-basierte aromatische Rückgrate für die Makromolekulare und Supramolekulare Chemie / Robert M. Meudtner ; Gutachter: Stefan Hecht, Christian Limberg, Jan van Esch." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1208076442/34.
Full textFederico, Leonardo Bruno. "Planejamento e validação anti-proliferativa e anti-leishmania, de novos híbridos tri-funcionalizados unidos através do anel 1,2,3-triazol e compostos similares." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59138/tde-03022017-141932/.
Full textThe concepts of modulating microtubule dynamics, and calcium channel L-types (CAV) blockers are important strategies for anticancer and antileishmanial therapies. Microtubule modulators that blocks the cell cycle and the calcium channel blockers, such as, 1,4-dihydropyridines and analogues, reduce the resistance of the human body to chemotherapeutic treatments by inhibiting transmembrane P-gp protein. This approach has shown interesting results in reduced resistance to chemotherapy in cancer called MDR (Multi Drug Resistance), and an important strategy for controlling the early stage of leishmaniasis. In this context, we work to develop a new proposal for trifunctional prodrug. We have based on the study of Ueki 2013 and collaborators, which, from earlier studies with reported overexpression of both deacetylase estona enzymes (HDACs) and cathepsin L (CTSL) in tumor cells, proposed a selective prodrug. We considering an acetylated lysine link/spacer, which ensures the release of the drug selectively in tumor cells, have now designed this selective prodrug. Our proposal was developed from virtual screening studies, based on ligands and structure, prediction of pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties (ADME / Tox) and also bioinformatics techniques for the construction of a calcium channel model, due to the inexistence of Structures of the same that were deposited in the database of proteins PDB (Protein Data Bank). At the same time, our collaborating synthesis group synthesized, through Click Chemistry techniques and Mitsunobu multicomponent reactions, a library of new trifunctional hybrids, which, after studies of biological activity, were evaluated (in silico) against the structure of tubulin , And the most promising compounds from this library served as the basis for further virtual screening studies. To obtain our hits, we performed 4 virtual screening strategies, separated into 2 tasks. In the end, we selected 59 hits, of which 9 hits show promising calcium channel blocking activities and 65 hits show promising tubulin modulating activities. These hits follow in vitro purchase and testing, and after proven effectiveness, they will be part of a new tri prodrug proposal.
Silva, Fredson Torres. "Antichagásicos potenciais: planejamento e síntese de bioisósteros 1,2,4-triazólicos do hidroximetilnitrofural e análogos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9138/tde-26052015-160701/.
Full textChagas disease, parasitosis caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is a disease that predominates in Latin America. It is estimated that 10 million people are under the risk of infection and, in 2008, more than 10 thousand deaths were registered. The only two drugs available in the therapeutics, nifurtimox and benznidazole, showed to be more effective in the acute phase of the disease. However, there is no choice for the chronic phase. Nitrofurazone (NF), an antimicrobial drug, has activity against T. cruzi, although being toxic. Its hydroxymethyl derivative, the hydroxymethylnitrofurazone (NFOH), showed to be more active and less toxic than the prototype. Considering the need for new antichagasic drugs, the existence of promising new therapeutic targets, as 14α-esterol demethylase and cruzain, and by employing the bioisosterism approach, a virtual screening using T. cruzi CYP51 was performed for 144 NFOH analogues. Additionaly, a qualitative molecular interaction field study was performed, revealing 9 aminoacids in the parasitic enzyme relevant for selectivity. Five novel compounds were synthesized, characterized by melting range, elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, 1H and 13C NMR as well as HSQC, HMBC, HETCOR and NOESY experiments, in which the signal assigning were aided using molecular modeling techniques Four compounds were tested against T. cruzi amastigotes in infected U2OS cells. All compounds were sufficiently selective towards T. cruzi and showed trypanomicidal activity in low micromolar range. The compound LAPEN-2901 had its structure determined using X-ray crystallography and showed lower toxicity than NFOH and potency similar to benznidazole, but lower efficacy. These results highlight the importance of the 1,2,4-triazolic, thiosemicarbazonic and nitro group moieties for designing new efficient compounds for the chronic phase of Chagas disease.
Cuzato, Mancuso Mauricio Antonio [UNESP]. "Aplicação de silício e fungicidas na cultura do café arábica." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/142846.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A cultura do café (Coffea arabica L.) gera muitas divisas ao Brasil, país que lidera o ranking dos produtores. Diante da demanda crescente por produtividades cada vez maiores, torna-se de fundamental importância a redução de perdas no campo. Uma das adversidades que comprometem a produtividade do cafeeiro são as doenças e, para que exista redução na incidência dessas, é necessário, entre outras coisas, que as plantas estejam bem nutridas. O silício (Si), elemento considerado benéfico às plantas, pode ser um aliado no manejo integrado de doenças. Além dele, a utilização de fungicidas que apresentem algum efeito fisiológico também pode beneficiar a cultura. Dentro desse enfoque, o trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da aplicação de Si, via solo ou via foliar, associado ou não com os fungicidas a base de triazol, estrobirulina e triazol + estrobirulina, na nutrição mineral, atividade enzimática, incidência de doenças e produtividade de grãos do café arábica. O talhão onde foi instalado o experimento era constituído por plantas de café cv. Catuaí Vermelho, plantadas em maio de 2001, no espaçamento 4,0 × 0,50 m. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 3×4, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela forma de aplicação de Si [controle sem aplicação, Si via solo (300 kg ha-1 do produto FertiSilica®, parcelado em duas aplicações de 150 kg ha-1 - 22,4% de Si solúvel) ou Si via foliar (1 L ha-1 do produto Silamol® - 0,8% de Si solúvel)] e tipos de fungicidas [controle sem aplicação, triazol (250 g L-1 de propiconazol), estrobirulina (250 g L-1 de piraclostrobina) ou triazol + estrobirulina (50 g L-1 de epoxiconazol + 133 g L-1 de piraclostrobina)]. Todos os tratamentos foram aplicados nas doses descritas acima e nos meses outubro e dezembro de cada ano agrícola. A aplicação de Si, via solo ou via foliar, incrementou o teor de N na folha do cafeeiro na 3a coleta. Na 3a e 4a coletas os teores foliares de P foram afetados, respectivamente, pela interação formas de aplicação de Si × fungicidas e apenas aplicação de Si. Os teores de Si na 1a, 2a e 5a coletas foram afetados pela interação formas de aplicação de Si × fungicidas. Apesar disso, todos os nutrientes encontravam-se dentro das faixas consideradas adequadas para a cultura do café. De modo geral, a aplicação de Si, tanto via solo como via foliar, associada ou não a algum fungicida, proporcionou as maiores atividades das enzimas polifenoloxidase e peroxidase. Refletindo esses resultados está a menor incidência de ferrugem e de cercosporiose em função, principalmente, da associação da aplicação de Si (via solo ou foliar) com fungicidas. Esses resultados culminaram em aumento de produtividade de grãos nas safras 2014 e 2015, além da produtividade média dos três anos estudados, sobretudo quando se aplicou Si via solo associado principalmente ao triazol. Conclui-se que a associação das formas de Si com os fungicidas estudados é benéfica à cultura do café, devido à maior proteção contra doenças, aumento da atividade enzimática e maior produtividade, especialmente quando se associa aplicação de Si via solo e o fungicida triazol.
Coffee crop (Coffea arabica L.) generates revenues to Brazil, the world’s leading coffee producer. In order to meet the increasing demand for higher yields, it is extremely important to reduce field losses during the cultivation cycle. Diseases are among the adversities that affect coffee yield and, in order to reduce their incidence, it is necessary to grow well-nourished coffee plants. In this perspective, silicon (Si) presents as a beneficial element to plants. Furthermore, the application of fungicides to coffee crop might be beneficial due to physiological effects. This research project aimed to evaluate the influence of Si application to foliage or to soil associated or not with fungicides triazole, strobilurine and triazole + strobilurine on the plants nutrition, enzyme activity, incidence of diseases, and Arabica coffee grain yield. The cultivar planted in the experimental area was ‘Catuai Vermelho’ coffee, cultivated in May 2001, allowing spacing 4.0 × 0.50 m between plants. The study was carried out using randomized blocks with four replications in a 3×4 factorial scheme. Treatments consisted of different Si sources application [control without Si, Si applied to the soil (300 kg ha-1 of FertiSilica®, splitted into two applications of 150 kg ha-1 - 22.4% of soluble Si), or Si applied to the foliage (1 L ha-1 of Silamol® - 0.8% of soluble Si)] and of different fungicides application [(control without fungicide, triazole (250 g L-1 of propiconazole), strobilurine (250 g L-1 of piraclostrobine), or triazole + strobilurine (50 g L-1 de epoxiconazole + 133 g L-1 de piraclostrobine)]. All these treatments were applied in the described doses, and in October and December of each crop season. Both Si application to the soil and to the foliage increased N leaf contents in the 3rd sampling. P leaf contents were affected in the 3rd and 4th sampling by the interaction of Si sources × fungicides and only by Si sources, respectively. Si leaf contents were affected in the 1st, 2nd and 5th sampling by the interaction of Si sources × fungicides. However, all contents of nutrients in the leaves were within the values considered ideal for coffee crop. Overall, both treatments with Si applied to the soil and to the foliage, associated or not to any fungicide, provided higher polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase enzymes activity. The lower incidence of coffee rust and cercospora incidence, mainly observed with Si (to the soil or to the foliage) associated to fungicides, reflected the enzymes activity results. All these results increased yields in 2014 and 2015, besides the 3-year-study mean yield, especially when Si was applied to the soil associated to triazole. It was concluded that both Si sources application associated to fungicides is beneficial to coffee crop as a result of the higher protection against diseases, the higher enzymes activities, and the higher grain yield, especially in the association between Si applied to the soil and triazole.
Khaldi, Zineb. "Elaboration et évaluation biologique de nouveaux matériaux lignocellulosiques antibactériens." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0090/document.
Full textThe contamination of surfaces by bacteria and the emergence of antimicrobial resistant strains are very worrying problems in different areas such as hospital and food. This contamination begins with the adhesion of pathogenic bacteria on a surface until the formation of biofilms. These biofilms contribute to the emergence of resistances of certain bacterial strains to conventional treatments. To answer these problems of surface contamination, this thesis work focuses on the development of new antibacterial materials based on pulp fibers. In the first part, we focused on the development of an antibacterial paper by grafting, via triazine link, two essential oil compounds, thymol and carvacrol, known for their antibacterial activities. The microbiological evaluation of the developed materials against the two bacterial strains tested, E. coli and S. aureus, showed a bacteriostatic effect. These materials block the bacterial growth thus preventing the biofilms formation. Synergy between thymol and carvacrol grafted onto paper has also been shown. In a second part, our study focused on the development of an antibacterial paper that acquires its activity only after the grafting and formation of "aryl-1,2,3-triazole", the active motif. The grafting is carried out by a reaction of "Click Chemistry", the copper (I)-catalyzed Azide Alkyne Cycloaddition. The antibacterial tests reveal the importance of the aryl substituent, the influence of the contact time and the relevance of using mixtures of materials. The antibacterial activity observed on the thermomechanical pulp fibers is better in both parts. The different results obtained are described in this manuscript
Castilho, Luis Nelson Prado. "Docking molecular aplicado ao estudo da formação de complexos entre análogos de resveratrol e derivados de 1,2,3-triazol e a enzima COX-2." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/6996.
Full textProstaglandin H synthases (PGHS), or cyclooxygenases (COX), are known to exist in at least two isoforms, COX-1 and COX-2, encoded by different genes. COX s play a central role in the inflammatory cascade by converting arachidonic acid, released from membrane phospholipids, into bioactive prostanoids. Non-steriodal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) represent an important therapeutic category related to the reduction of inflammation, pain and fever, however, can cause gastric and kidney failure. Selective inhibition of COX-2 by NSAIDs known as coxibs leads to a significant reduction of these side effects in addition reduce fatal thrombotic events and act in controlling some types of cancer and progression of Alzheimer's disease, when used for a long period. This study, based on molecular docking, describes the search for the most favorable poses in the formation of complexes between COX-2 and resveratrol analogues and 1,2,3-triazole derivatives. The three dimensional structure of the enzyme, 1cx2, was obtained from the Protein Data Bank (PDB). The structures of the ligands were obtained by molecular modeling. The docking calculations were carried out with the program GOLD 4.1.2. Analyses of the docking results show that interactions with residues of the side pocket of COX are important for the stabilization of the complexes, in particular His90, Arg120, Ser353, Tyr355 and Arg513 should be mentioned. The ligands studied locate, preferably, between α-helices 13 and 26 of the isoenzyme, and the interaction with the serine 353 residue seems to be related to the activity presented by ligands with low IC50 values, a characteristics that can be exploited in rational design of new leader molecules or in the optimization of selective ligands that should occupy the side pocket of the cyclooxygenase active site of COX-2.
Prostaglandinas H sintases (PGHS), ou ciclooxigenases (COX), existem em pelo menos duas isoformas, COX-1 e COX-2, codificadas por genes diferentes. A COX desempenha um papel central no processo inflamatório através da conversão do ácido araquidônico, liberado a partir dos fosfolipídios da membrana, em prostanóides bioativos. Anti-inflamatórios não esteroides (AINEs) representam uma importante categoria terapêutica relacionada à redução de inflamação, dor, e febre, no entanto, podem causar insuficiência renal e gástrica. A inibição seletiva da COX-2 pelos AINEs conhecidos como coxibs leva a uma redução significativa desses efeitos colaterais, além de reduzir eventos trombóticos fatais e agir no controle de alguns tipos de câncer e na progressão do mal de Alzheimer, quando utilizados de forma prolongada. Este estudo, baseado em docking molecular, descreve a busca das poses mais favoráveis para a formação dos complexos entre a COX-2 e ligantes análogos do resveratrol e derivados de 1,2,3-triazol. A estrutura tridimensional da enzima 1cx2 foi obtida do Protein Data Bank (PDB). As estruturas dos ligantes foram obtidas por modelagem molecular. Os cálculos de docking foram realizados utilizando o programa GOLD 4.1.2. As análises dos resultados de docking mostram que as interações com os resíduos do bolso lateral presente na COX são importantes para a estabilização dos complexos, especialmente, His90, Arg120, Ser353, Tyr355 e Arg513. Os ligantes estudados se localizam, preferencialmente, entre as α- hélices 13 e 26 da isoenzima, sendo que a interação com o resíduo serina 353 demonstra estar relacionada com a atividade apresentada por ligantes com baixos valores de IC50, característica que pode ser explorada racionalmente no desenho de novas moléculas lideres ou na otimização de ligantes seletivos que ocupem o bolso lateral do sítio ativo ciclooxigenase da COX-2.