Relevant bibliographies by topics / Trial-to-trial variation

Academic literature on the topic 'Trial-to-trial variation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Trial-to-trial variation"

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Mocks, J., and T. Gasser. "New methods for dealing with trial-to-trial variation of single potentials." Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 61, no. 3 (September 1985): S229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(85)90866-1.

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Terao, A., T. Hasbroucq, I. Mouret, J. Seal, and M. Akamatsu. "Why Does the Single Neuron Activity Change from Trial to Trial during Sensory-Motor Task?" Methods of Information in Medicine 36, no. 04/05 (October 1997): 322–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1636882.

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Abstract:Single neuron activities from cortical areas of a monkey were recorded while performing a sensory-motor task (a choice reaction time task). Quantitative trial-by-trial analysis revealed that the timing of peak activity exhibited large variation from trial to trial, compared to the variation in the behavioral reaction time of the task. Therefore, we developed a multi-unit dynamic neural network model to investigate the effects of structure of neural connections on the variation of the timing of peak activity. Computer simulation of the model showed that, even though the units are connected in a cascade fashion, a wide variation exists in the timing of peak activity of neurons because of parallel organization of neural network within each unit.
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Ventura, Valérie, Can Cai, and Robert E. Kass. "Trial-to-Trial Variability and Its Effect on Time-Varying Dependency Between Two Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 94, no. 4 (October 2005): 2928–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00644.2004.

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The joint peristimulus time histogram (JPSTH) and cross-correlogram provide a visual representation of correlated activity for a pair of neurons, and the way this activity may increase or decrease over time. In a companion paper we showed how a Bootstrap evaluation of the peaks in the smoothed diagonals of the JPSTH may be used to establish the likely validity of apparent time-varying correlation. As noted in earlier studies by Brody and Ben-Shaul et al., trial-to-trial variation can confound correlation and synchrony effects. In this paper we elaborate on that observation, and present a method of estimating the time-dependent trial-to-trial variation in spike trains that may exceed the natural variation displayed by Poisson and non-Poisson point processes. The statistical problem is somewhat subtle because relatively few spikes per trial are available for estimating a firing-rate function that fluctuates over time. The method developed here decomposes the spike-train variability into a stimulus-related component and a trial-specific component, allowing many degrees of freedom to characterize the former while assuming a small number suffices to characterize the latter. The Bootstrap significance test of the companion paper is then modified to accommodate these general excitability effects. This methodology allows an investigator to assess whether excitability effects are constant or time-varying, and whether they are shared by two neurons. In data from two V1 neurons we find that highly statistically significant evidence of dependency disappears after adjustment for time-varying trial-to-trial variation.
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Turetsky, Bruce I., Jonathan Raz, and George Fein. "Estimation of Trial-to-Trial Variation in Evoked Potential Signals by Smoothing Across Trials." Psychophysiology 26, no. 6 (November 1989): 700–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1989.tb03176.x.

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Limpiti, Tulaya, Barry D. Van Veen, Hagai T. Attias, and Srikantan S. Nagarajan. "A Spatiotemporal Framework for Estimating Trial-to-Trial Amplitude Variation in Event-Related MEG/EEG." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 56, no. 3 (March 2009): 633–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2008.2008423.

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Murrie, Daniel C., Marcus T. Boccaccini, Patricia A. Zapf, Janet I. Warren, and Craig E. Henderson. "Clinician variation in findings of competence to stand trial." Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 14, no. 3 (2008): 177–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0013578.

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Hickey, Matthew S., David L. Costill, Glenn K. McConell, Jellrey J. Widrick, and Hirofumi Tanaka. "DAY TO DAY VARIATION IN TIME TRIAL CYCLING PERFORMANCE." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 24, Supplement (May 1992): S104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199205001-00620.

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Hickey, M., D. Costill, G. McConell, J. Widrick, and H. Tanaka. "Day to Day Variation in Time Trial Cycling Performance." International Journal of Sports Medicine 13, no. 06 (August 1992): 467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1021299.

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Kass, Robert E., and Valérie Ventura. "Spike Count Correlation Increases with Length of Time Interval in the Presence of Trial-to-Trial Variation." Neural Computation 18, no. 11 (November 2006): 2583–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.2006.18.11.2583.

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It has been observed that spike count correlation between two simultaneously recorded neurons often increases with the length of time interval examined. Under simple assumptions that are roughly consistent with much experimental data, we show that this phenomenon may be explained as being due to excess trial-to-trial variation. The resulting formula for the correlation is able to predict the observed correlation of two neurons recorded from primary visual cortex as a function of interval length.
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Evans, Elin, Helen Mayles, Olivia Frances Naismith, Emma Hall, Alison Tree, John Staffurth, and Isabel Syndikus. "Pretrial outlining quality assurance in PIVITOLBoost." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 7_suppl (March 1, 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.7_suppl.50.

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50 Background: PIVOTALBoost is a Phase III randomised controlled trial (CRUK/16/018) of radiotherapy to prostate and pelvic nodes versus prostate alone with or without prostate boost. To minimise impact of target volume delineation (TVD) variation on trial outcome, pre-trial radiotherapy quality assurance (RTQA) was implemented to identify and correct potential variations. Methods: Participating centres offering a prostate boost submitted two pre-accrual outlining benchmark cases: one with a central zone boost (GTVpb) only and another with GTVpb (peripheral zone), CTVp/psv and CTVn. A detailed outlining protocol and diagnostic information were provided to centres. Submitted outlines were compared to consensus volumes created by the trial management group (TMG). The TMG deemed the volumes acceptable or as having acceptable or unacceptable variation. Detailed feedback was provided for each submission. Unacceptable variations required resubmission. Results: 32 investigators submitted pre-trial outlines. GTVpb was the most incorrectly outlined volume; 22 (69%) outliners had unacceptable errors for case 2 GTVpb, 17 (53%) for case 1 GTVpb. Most common GTVpb error was inferior extent of lesion followed by incorrect lesion outlined. 12 (38%) of outliners had unacceptable errors for CTVp/psv, most commonly due to delineation at the prostate apex. 8 (25%) outliners had unacceptable CTVn mostly due to incorrect vessel delineation. Of 26 (81%) outliners required to resubmit at least 1 case, 3(12%) required a second resubmission due to unacceptable errors on first resubmission. Conclusions: The majority of pre-trial outlining submissions had unacceptable errors requiring resubmission of at least one case. This was predominantly due to boost delineation error which is a relatively new skill for prostate clinical oncologists in the UK. This suggests robust on-trial RTQA is imperative to minimise further variation. Clinical trial information: ISRCTN80146950.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Trial-to-trial variation"

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Kohly, Radha Pyari. "Human performance in discriminating trial-to-trial variations in the speed of cyclopean gratings moving within a frontoparallel plane." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0005/MQ33492.pdf.

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Bogefeldt, Johan. "Low back pain with special reference to prevalence, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis /." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl.[distributör], 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-108070.

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"Predicting Variation in Responsiveness to the Family Check-Up in Early Childhood: A Mixture Model Approach." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.38416.

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abstract: The present study applied latent class analysis to a family-centered prevention trial in early childhood to identify subgroups of families with differential responsiveness to the Family Check-up (FCU) intervention. The sample included 731 families of 2-year- olds randomized to the FCU or control and followed through age five with yearly follow up assessments (Dishion et al., 2014; Shaw et al., 2015). A two-step mixture model was used to examine whether specific constellations of family characteristics at age 2 (baseline) were related to intervention response at age 3, 4, and 5. The first step empirically identified latent classes of families based on a variety of demographic and adjustment variables selected on the basis of previous research on predictors of response to the FCU and parent training in general, as well as on the clinical observations of FCU implementers. The second step modeled the effect of the FCU on longitudinal change in children's problem behavior in each of the empirically derived latent classes. Results suggested a five-class solution, where a significant intervention effect of moderate-to- large size was observed in one of the five classes. The families within the responsive class were characterized by child neglect, legal problems, and mental health issues. Pairwise comparisons revealed that the intervention effect was significantly greater in this class of families than in two other classes that were generally less at risk for the development of disruptive behavior problems, and post hoc analyses partially supported these results. Thus, results indicated that the FCU was most successful in reducing child problem behavior in the highly distressed group of families. We conclude by discussing the potential practical utility of these results and emphasizing the need for future research to evaluate this approach's predictive accuracy.
Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Psychology 2016
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Books on the topic "Trial-to-trial variation"

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Freckelton, Ian. Fitness to Stand Trial under Australian Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788478.003.0008.

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This chapter reviews the statutory and case law in relation to fitness to stand trial in the Australian jurisdictions. There is significant disuniformity amongst Australian jurisdictions in relation to the statutory provisions relating to fitness to stand trial. Most importantly, there is a deficit in terms of the facility for a special trial for persons found unfit to stand trial in Western Australia and in Queensland. There is also variation in the provisions for care of persons found unfit to stand trial and for review of their suitability for release. This impacts upon the uptake of the option for use of the plea of unfitness to stand trial and has been the subject of criticism on human rights grounds.
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Elwood, Mark. Critical appraisal of a randomized clinical trial. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682898.003.0012.

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This chapter presents a randomised trial carried out in primary care in the UK, assessing the use of an antibiotic, chloramphenicol, for acute eye infections (conjunctivitis) in children. This study shows the challenges of conducting a high quality randomised trial in primary care, including issues of the appropriate assessment of outcome. The critical assessment follows the scheme set out in chapter 10: describing the study, assessing the non-causal explanations of observation bias, confounding, and chance variation; assessing time relationships, strength, dose-response, consistency and specificity, and applying the results to the eligible, source, and target populations; and then comparing the results with evidence from other studies, considering consistency and specificity, biological mechanisms, and coherence with the distribution of exposures and outcomes. The chapter gives a summary and table of the critical assessment and its conclusions; and comments on the impact of the study and research carried out since.
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Elwood, Mark. Critical appraisal of a randomized trial of a preventive agent. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682898.003.0013.

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This chapter presents an important, large, international randomised trial of prevention, the use of folic acid and multivitamins in preventing spina bifida and other neural tube defects. This shows the ethical and logistic issues involved, a factorial randomised design, a sequential analysis and early stopping example, and specificity of effect, and discusses the application to policy. The critical assessment follows the scheme set out in chapter 10: describing the study, assessing the non-causal explanations of observation bias, confounding, and chance variation; assessing time relationships, strength, dose-response, consistency and specificity, and applying the results to the eligible, source, and target populations; and then comparing the results with evidence from other studies, considering consistency and specificity, biological mechanisms, and coherence with the distribution of exposures and outcomes. The chapter gives a summary and table of the critical assessment and its conclusions; and comments on the impact of the study and research carried out since.
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Sime, Stuart. 29. Multi-Track. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198823100.003.3375.

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The multi-track deals with a vast range of cases, from simple contractual disputes involving little more than £25,000, to complex commercial cases involving difficult issues of fact and law with values of several million pounds, to cases where perhaps no money is at stake but which raise points of real public importance. Cases on the multi-track will generally be dealt with either in the Royal Courts of Justice or other civil trial centre. This chapter discusses agreed directions; case management conferences; fixing the date for trial; pre-trial checklists; listing hearings; pre-trial review; directions given at other hearings; and variation of case management timetable.
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Sime, Stuart. 29. Multi-track. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198787570.003.3375.

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The multi-track deals with a vast range of cases, from simple contractual disputes involving little more than £25,000, to complex commercial cases involving difficult issues of fact and law with values of several million pounds, to cases where perhaps no money is at stake but which raise points of real public importance. Cases on the multi-track will generally be dealt with either in the Royal Courts of Justice or other civil trial centre. This chapter discusses agreed directions; case management conferences; fixing the date for trial; pre-trial checklists; listing hearings; pre-trial review; directions given at other hearings; and variation of case management timetable.
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Sime, Stuart. 29. Multi-track. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198747673.003.3375.

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The multi-track deals with a vast range of cases, from simple contractual disputes involving little more than £25,000, to complex commercial cases involving difficult issues of fact and law with values of several million pounds, to cases where perhaps no money is at stake but which raise points of real public importance. Cases on the multi-track will generally be dealt with either in the Royal Courts of Justice or other civil trial centre. This chapter discusses agreed directions; case management conferences; fixing the date for trial; pre-trial checklists; listing hearings; pre-trial review; directions given at other hearings; and variation of case management timetable.
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Ramaswamy, Vijay, Jason T. Huse, and Yasmin Khakoo. Pediatric Brain Tumors. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0140.

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Cerebellar astrocytoma of childhood most commonly refers to cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma, a World health Organization (WHO) Grade I tumor. However, on occasion cerebellar astrocytomas may demonstrate more aggressive histology including fibrillary astrocytomas, pilomyxoid astrocytomas, and rarely malignant lesions. In the near future, the diagnosis of cerebellar astrocytomas will be simplified by molecular analysis for BRAF fusions rather than a purely morphological approach. The emergence of next-generation sequencing can be expected to identify single nucleotide variations and further expand our understanding of both pilocytic astrocytomas as well as rare variants that occur in the cerebellum. Therapies targeting BRAF (B-raf protooncogene) are currently in clinical trial for adult malignancies and will eventually reach the pediatric population, allowing a targeted approach to recurrent and surgically inaccessible cases of pilocytic astrocytomas.
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Scolding, Neil. Vasculitis and collagen vascular diseases. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0862.

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That part of the clinical interface between neurology and general medicine occupied by inflammatory and immunological diseases is neither small nor medically trivial. Neurologists readily accept the challenges of ‘primary’ immune diseases of the nervous system: these tend to be focussed on one particular target such as oligodendrocytes or the neuro-muscular junction present in predictable ways, and are amenable as a rule to rational, methodological diagnosis, and occasionally even treatment. This is proper neurology.‘Secondary’ neurological involvement in diseases mainly considered systemic inflammatory conditions—for example, SLE, sarcoidosis, vasculitis, and Behçet’s—is a rather different matter. It may be difficult enough to secure such a diagnosis even when systemic disease has previously been diagnosed and new neurological features need to be differentiated from iatrogenic disease, particularly drug side effects or the consequences of immune suppression. But all the diseases mentioned may present with and confine themselves wholly to the nervous system; they may mimic one another, and pursue erratic and unpredictable clinical courses. In central nervous system disease, diagnosis by tissue biopsy is potentially hazardous and unattractive. Few neurologists enjoy excesses of confidence or expertise when faced with such clinical problems: the cautious diagnostician is perplexed, and the evidence-based neuroprescriber confounded. Unsurprisingly, great variations in approaches to diagnosis and management are seen (Scolding et al. 2002b).But rheumatologically inclined general, renal or respiratory physicians, comfortable when managing inflammation affecting their system or indeed other parts of the body designed to support the nervous system, are generally also ill at ease when faced with neurological features whose differential diagnosis may be large, particularly given the near universal diagnostic non-specificity of either imaging or CSF analysis.Here then is the subject material for this chapter: the diagnosis and management of central nervous system involvement in inflammatory and immunological systemic diseases (Scolding 1999a). In not one of these neurological conditions has a single controlled therapeutic trial been reported, and much that is published on these conditions is misleading or inaccurate. And yet the frequency with which the diagnosis is only confirmed or even first emerges at autopsy bears stark witness to both the severity and evasiveness of these disorders.
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Book chapters on the topic "Trial-to-trial variation"

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Gentilal, Nichal, Ricardo Salvador, and Pedro Cavaleiro Miranda. "A Thermal Study of Tumor-Treating Fields for Glioblastoma Therapy." In Brain and Human Body Modeling 2020, 37–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45623-8_3.

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AbstractTumor-treating fields (TTFields) is an antimitotic cancer treatment technique used for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and malignant pleural mesothelioma. Although the frequency used is not as high as in hyperthermia, temperature increases due to the Joule effect might be meaningful given the necessary time that these fields should be applied for. Post hoc analysis of the EF-11 clinical trial showed higher median overall survival in patients whose compliance was at least 18 h per day. To quantify these temperature increases and predict the thermal impact of TTFields delivery to the head, we used a realistic model created from MR images segmented in five tissues: scalp, skull, CSF, gray matter (GM), and white matter (WM). Through COMSOL Multiphysics, we solved Laplace’s equation for the electric field and Pennes’ equation for the temperature distribution. To mimic the therapy as realistically as possible, we also considered complete current shutdown whenever any transducer reached 41 °C to allow transducers and tissues’ temperature to decrease. Our results indicate an intermittent operation of Optune due to this necessary current shutdown. Localized temperature increases were seen, especially underneath the regions where the transducers were placed. Maximum temperature values were around 41.5 °C on the scalp and 38 °C on the brain. According to the literature, significant thermal impact is only predicted for the brain where the rise in temperature may lead to an increased BBB permeability and variation in the blood flow and neurotransmitter concentration. Additionally, our results showed that if the injected current is reduced by around 25% compared to Optune’s standard way of operating, then uninterrupted treatment might be attainable. These predictions might be used to improve TTFields delivery in real patients and to increase awareness regarding possible thermal effects not yet reported elsewhere.
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Shen, X., and X. Chen. "Variation in adaptation and growth as indicated by provenance trial Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco." In Genetic Response of Forest Systems to Changing Environmental Conditions, 51–61. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9839-2_5.

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Emmett, Anne. "Third-Party Agreements." In Quality Management and Accreditation in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, 61–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64492-5_8.

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AbstractThird-party agreements can take many forms and can be a difficult area in which to determine clear-cut definitions. It is intended that this chapter will clarify some of the differences and identify some of the similarities.Agreements can be between any two or more organisations. It would be unusual, though not inappropriate, for there to be agreements between two departments within the same organisation. Agreements may occur in this case when, for example, a new process is introduced on a trial basis and it has not yet become ‘business as usual’ and part of the normal internal interaction.There will always be local variations in the naming of contract types, so this should be considered in interpretation.Any organisation with which there is an agreement, of whatever structure, should be validated and audited.
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Sime, Stuart. "29. Multi-Track." In A Practical Approach to Civil Procedure, 317–25. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198838593.003.0029.

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The multi-track deals with a vast range of cases, from simple contractual disputes involving little more than £25,000, to complex commercial cases involving difficult issues of fact and law with values of several million pounds, to cases where perhaps no money is at stake but which raise points of real public importance. Cases on the multi-track will generally be dealt with either in the Royal Courts of Justice or other civil trial centre. This chapter discusses agreed directions; case management conferences; fixing the date for trial; pre-trial checklists; listing hearings; pre-trial review; directions given at other hearings; and variation of case management timetable.
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Sime, Stuart. "29. Multi-Track." In A Practical Approach to Civil Procedure, 313–21. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198858386.003.0029.

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The multi-track deals with a vast range of cases, from simple contractual disputes involving little more than £25,000, to complex commercial cases involving difficult issues of fact and law with values of several million pounds, to cases where perhaps no money is at stake but which raise points of real public importance. Cases on the multi-track will generally be dealt with either in the Royal Courts of Justice or other civil trial centre. This chapter discusses agreed directions; case management conferences; fixing the date for trial; pre-trial checklists; listing hearings; pre-trial review; directions given at other hearings; and variation of case management timetable.
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Sime, Stuart. "29. Multi-Track." In A Practical Approach to Civil Procedure, 315–23. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780192859365.003.0029.

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The multi-track deals with a vast range of cases, from simple contractual disputes involving little more than £25,000, to complex commercial cases involving difficult issues of fact and law with values of several million pounds, to cases where perhaps no money is at stake but which raise points of real public importance. Cases on the multi-track will generally be dealt with either in the Royal Courts of Justice or other civil trial centre. This chapter discusses agreed directions; case management conferences; fixing the date for trial; pre-trial checklists; listing hearings; pre-trial review; directions given at other hearings; and variation of case management timetable.
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Sime, Stuart. "29. Multi-Track." In A Practical Approach to Civil Procedure, 315–23. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780192844521.003.0029.

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The multi-track deals with a vast range of cases, from simple contractual disputes involving little more than £25,000, to complex commercial cases involving difficult issues of fact and law with values of several million pounds, to cases where perhaps no money is at stake but which raise points of real public importance. Cases on the multi-track will generally be dealt with either in the Royal Courts of Justice or other civil trial centre. This chapter discusses agreed directions; case management conferences; fixing the date for trial; pre-trial checklists; listing hearings; pre-trial review; directions given at other hearings; and variation of case management timetable.
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Amal, Clooney, and Webb Philippa. "7 Right to be Present." In The Right to a Fair Trial in International Law. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198808398.003.0008.

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This chapter explores the right to be present, which is a precondition for the realisation of a fair trial. Despite its importance, there is considerable variation in practice regarding the right to be present at the national level. Many civil law systems permit trials to be held in the defendant’s absence, but require a retrial upon the appearance of the defendant. In contrast, trials in absentia are an anathema in common law systems, with temporary absences only permitted in exceptional circumstances, such as defendant misconduct. International human rights law requires that states abide by strict conditions when proceeding with a trial in the absence of the defendant, including providing the right to a retrial if and when the defendant appears. Narrow limits on the right to be present have been developed in the jurisprudence of international bodies, including express waiver by the defendant, implied waiver through absconding or disruptive behaviour, when the defendant cannot be present due to illness, or when the court is considering matters of national security or issues relating to vulnerable witnesses. The right to be present applies during the entire trial process, but it may have a more limited application to pre-trial, appeal and sentencing proceedings. Ultimately, the key issues that arise in defining the right at the international level include the question of whether presence is a right or a duty; whether presence can be achieved through video-link or other technology; how to ensure the rights of the defence during a trial in absentia; the conditions for valid express and implied waivers of the right; the treatment of defendants who are unwell; and the right to retrial following a trial in absentia.
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DeLong, John P. "Statistical Issues in the Estimation of Functional Responses." In Predator Ecology, 115–32. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192895509.003.0010.

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In this chapter I cover some key issues in fitting functional response models to data and determining the values of parameters. Because some of these issues have been covered elsewhere, here I focus on the nature of foraging trial data and why noise, stochasticity, and individual variation pose particular challenges for understanding functional responses. I examine several data sets to illustrate methods of determining differences in functional response parameters and types. I also show through simulations that individual variation in functional response parameters may account for the noisiness of foraging data and also lead to underestimates of both space clearance rate and handling time in curve-fitting approaches.
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Kadish, Doris. "From Greenberg to Rahv." In The Secular Rabbi, 35–64. Liverpool University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781800859661.003.0003.

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This chapter traces Rahv’s story of immigration and explores his psychology as an immigrant. Reaching back to his time in Russia, it considers pogroms, the notorious trial of Menahem Mendel Beilis, the use of Yiddish and Russian language, and the Bolshevik revolution. It examines his dysfunctional Jewish family, which it relates to the families of other New York Jewish intellectuals. It explores the significance of his father’s beginnings as a peddler, his mother’s Zionism, and the time he spent in Palestine. Some light is shed on the mysteries surrounding his lack of formal education. Detailed analyses of two texts are provided: “Homeless but not Motherless, Variation on a theme by L. Kwitko” by the Ukranian poet Leib Kvitko, which Rahv translated from Yiddish; “In Dreams Begin Responsibilities,” Delmore Schwartz’s modernist tour de force which appeared in Partisan Review in 1937.
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Conference papers on the topic "Trial-to-trial variation"

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Méndez-Adriani, José A. "On the Overhung Rigid Rotor Balancing." In ASME 2000 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2000/mech-14083.

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Abstract This article develops a more efficient technique for the balancing of the overhung rigid rotor, which is a variation of the exact influence coefficient method, that gives directly the correction weights for both balancing planes. During the calibration process, one trial weight is used for the second run and, to reduce the cross effect, only one trial weight to form a couple is used for the third run, improving the field balancing method for maintenance works.
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Rosin, Miriam P., Kitty K. Corbett, Huijun Jiang, Tarinee Lubpairee, Catherine F. Poh, and Lewei Zhang. "Abstract 3256: Variation in treatment of severe oral dysplasia: Knowledge translation in the COOLS trial points to a pressing concern." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-3256.

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Dong, Chensong, Chuck Zhang, Zhiyong Liang, and Ben Wang. "Tolerance Analysis and Synthesis for Composite Assemblies of Resin Transfer Molded Components." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42466.

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With the increasing demand for composite products to be affordable, net-shaped and efficiently assembled, tight dimension tolerance is critical. Due to lack of accurate process models, dimension analysis and control for resin transfer molding (RTM) processes are often performed using trial-and-error approaches based on engineers’ experiences or previous production data. Such approaches are limited to specific geometry and materials and often fail to achieve the required dimensional accuracy in the final products. This paper presents an innovative dimension variation prediction approach. First a dimension variation model was developed based on process simulation, the classical laminate theory (CLT) and finite element analysis (FEA). The FEA-based dimension variation model was validated against experimental data. The deformations of common features in typical composite structures were analyzed using the FEA-based dimension variation model. Design parameters were identified and the regression-based dimension variation model was developed. The model provides a fast, practical and proactive tool to predict and control dimension variations in RTM processes. The structural tree method (STM) is presented for design optimization and tolerance analysis/synthesis of composite assemblies.
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Lahiff, Christina-Anne, Millicent Schlafly, and Kyle Reed. "Effects on Balance When Interfering With Proprioception at the Knee." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71573.

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After experiencing a stroke, 80% of individuals face hemiparesis causing muscle weaknesses, paralysis, and lack of proprioception. This often induces difficulty to perform everyday functions such as balancing. The goal of this project is to determine if stroke-like balance can be induced in healthy individuals. The Proprioceptive Interference Apparatus (PIA) applies vibrations and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) about the knee joint in different combinations both with and without visual feedback. Ten subjects stood on one foot for periods of two minutes for each of the eight trial conditions. The root mean squared (RMS) of the position coordinates, the standard deviation of the forces, and the RMS of center of pressure coordinates were analyzed for each trial and subject. Analysis of the variation of position markers and forces showed a statistically significant difference between balance with visual feedback versus without. However, the use of PIA did not have any statistically significant difference on these measures.
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Lukovic, Kristina, Veselinka Zečevic, Vladimir Perišic, Milivoje Milovanovic, Kamenko Bratkovic, and Vera Rajicic. "STABILNOST PRINOSA ZRNA LINIJA PŠENICE CENTRA ZA STRNA ŽITA KRAGUJEVAC." In SAVETOVANJE o biotehnologiji sa međunarodnim učešćem. University of Kragujeva, Faculty of Agronomy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt26.067l.

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In these investigations, the yield stability of 14 winter bread wheat genotypes were analyzed. The experimental part of the trial was performed at three locations (Kragujevac, Kruševac and Sombor) during 2013/2014. AMMI analysis of variance for grain yield showed that all sources of variation (genotype, environment, their interaction) had a significant effect on the expression of this complex trait. In the total variation of the experiment, the largest contribution had genotype/enviroment interaction, and genotype had the least. The most stable genotypes have been identified, which can be considered as a desirable genotypes, widely adapted to different agroecological conditions.
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He, Zhelong, Qingchang Liu, Katherine Yang, Niemann Pest, Baoxing Xu, Jason Kerrigan, and Marek-Jerzy Pindera. "Interactive Educational Testbed for Statics and Mechanics of Materials." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87938.

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A mechanics education testbed comprised of instructional modules written in Mathematica was developed in order to increase the effectiveness of course delivery through an integrated computation, visualization, and animation approach with the aim of accelerating the learning process. Overall, 25 modules were developed for Statics and another 20 modules for Mechanics of Materials during the AY2017-18. The testbed complements class instruction and motivates self-learning by illustrating basic mechanics concepts relative to homework problems and textbook examples. Its features include visualization, parametrization, and trial-and-error simulation capabilities that enable students to view simulated phenomena from different perspectives, thereby leaving a lasting impression which facilitates quicker absorption of the mechanics concepts than the traditional approach. The parametrization feature enables variation of boundary and initial conditions, as well as other parameters that affect the simulated phenomenon to demonstrate each parameter’s influence on the system response. These capabilities enable students to employ the trial-and-error approach in acquiring an intuitive understanding of the visualized phenomenon, validated through direct calculation. Student comments are summarized and survey results are analyzed and related to individual student performance. Student assessment confirms the testbed’s effectiveness and provides helpful suggestions for further enhancement/development. Representative modules are presented to demonstrate their functions and capabilities.
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Köhler, M., C. Mivashita, A. Friedl, S. Littbarski, M. Heiden, and E. Wenzel. "ENDOGENOUS CIRCADIAN RHYTHM OF FIBRINOLYTIC PARAMETERS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644840.

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Recently, the fibrinolytic system was shown to be dependent on complex interactions of several proteins for which specific test systems have been developed. We report on the results in placebo groups of two drug trials which strongly suggest an endogenous circadian rhythm of these parameters. In the first trial, 6 male subjects consecutively received either different heparins or placebo (group A). In a double blind placebo controlled trial, 10 male subjects received either DDAVP or placebo (group B). Blood was obtained before (7:30 a.m.), and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12 h and, only in group A, 15 and 24 h after the injection (8:00 a.m.). Euglobulin precipitate (EP) was prepared immediately after centrifugation. Fibrinolytic activity (FA) and t-PA activity were measured according to Astrup and Miillertz (1952) and Verheijen et al.(l982), respectively. t-PA antigen was measured using a kit from Biopool, Umea. t-PA-inhibitor (INH) was determined using a commercial kit from Kabivitrum and the method described by Chmielewska et al.(l983). Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA (t-PA antigen) and Kruskal-Wal1is test.Results: In group A, t-PA antigen was significantly higher in the morning than in the evening. In contrast, t-PA activity and FA were low in the morning and gradually increased and reached maxima at 8 p.m. and 11 p.m., respectively. In group B, the same pattern was observed and all diurnal variations were statistically significant. Higher levels of t-PA-INH and t-PA-antigen were observed in the morning, and lower levels of t-PA and fibrinolytic activity. A reversed pattern was seen in the evening ( 8 p.m.). The two different methods for t-PA measurements showed the same variation^ although a c.lO-fold higher level was determined using the Kabivitrum test kit.
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Hu, Xiao-Su, Keum-Shik Hong, and Shuzhi Sam Ge. "Independent component analysis based trial-to-trial variations reduction in fNIRS signal." In 2012 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icma.2012.6284346.

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Vaughan, Neil, Venketesh N. Dubey, Michael Y. K. Wee, and Richard Isaacs. "In-Vivo Obstetric Pressure Measurements for Patient-Specific Epidural Simulator." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-35427.

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The aim of this study was to measure changing pressures during Tuohy epidural needle insertions for obstetric parturients of various BMI. This has identified correlations between BMI and epidural pressure. Also we investigated links between BMI and the thicknesses and depths of ligaments and epidural space as measured from MRI and ultrasound scans. To date there have been no studies relating epidural pressure and ligament thickness changes with varying Body Mass Indices (BMI). Further goals following measurement of pressure differences between various BMI patients, were to allow a patient-specific epidural simulator to be developed, which has not been achieved before. The trial has also assessed the suitability of our in-house developed wireless pressure measurement device for use in-vivo. Previously we conducted needle insertion trial with porcine for validation of the measurement system. Results showed that for each group average pressures during insertion decrease as BMI increases. Pressure measurements obtained from the patients were matched to tissue thickness measurements from MRI and ultrasound scans. The mean Loss of Resistance (LOR) pressure in each group reduces as BMI increases. Variation in the shape of the pressure graphs was noticed between two epiduralists performing the procedure, suggesting each anaesthetist may have a signature graph shape. This is a new finding which offers potential use in epidural training and assessment. It can be seen that insertions performed by the first epiduralist have a higher pressure range than insertions performed by second epiduralist.
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Tiku, Sanjay, Arnav Rana, Binoy John, Aaron Dinovitzer, and Mark Piazza. "ILI System Performance Trials for Mechanical Damage." In 2022 14th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2022-87344.

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Abstract Pipeline integrity management involves the analysis of pipeline condition information (e.g., pipe size, existence, and size of features), operational/environmental conditions and line pipe material properties in engineering assessment (fitness-for-purpose) tools to evaluate operational risk. While nominal or minimum specified material properties and SCADA reported, design or estimated operational loading conditions can be considered, pipeline operators depend heavily on pipeline condition data from in line inspection systems. This paper will present the details of performance trials supported by the Pipeline Research Council International (PRCI) evaluating the ability of ILI systems to provide pipeline condition information for dents with coincident or closely aligned features. A set of sample dent features were prepared along with a trial protocol and performance metrics beyond those presented in API 1163 that were used to characterize performance. The ILI system pull and pump through trials of magnetic, ultrasonic and caliper-based ILI technologies from seven ILI Service Providers were used to consider detection, identification and sizing performance for isolated corrosion features, dents with variety of shapes including those without coincident features and those with corrosion, gouges, cracks, cracks and corrosion. The effect of dents on the ILI system detection, identification and sizing of the coincident features was evaluated. The presentation will describe trial protocols including new feature characterization techniques that considers the position of the coincident feature in the dent pipe wall deformation. The trial results include consideration of various technologies, the effect of speed and relative position of the dent and coincident feature on probability of detection, identification, and sizing accuracy by considering unity plots and observed statistical variation and trends. The final objective of this work was to report on the performance of ILI systems in detecting, characterizing, and sizing dents with coincident features such that this information can be used to support the pipeline integrity management process and provide feedback to ILI Service Providers to support advancement in technology development. The results of this work described in this paper provide confidence that ILI systems are capable of reporting dents and any coincident features to support fitness for service evaluation or integrity management.
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Reports on the topic "Trial-to-trial variation"

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Angrist, Noam, and Rachael Meager. The role of implementation in generalisability: A synthesis of evidence on targeted educational instruction and a new randomised trial. Centre for Excellence and Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/cswp4.

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Targeted instruction is one of the most effective educational interventions in low- and middle-income countries, yet the reported impacts of this approach vary, from 0.07 to 0.78 standard deviations (SDs) across contexts. We study this variation and the contextual factors associated with it by combining an evidence aggregation covering 10 study arms with a new randomised trial. The results show that two factors explain most of the heterogeneity in reported effects: the degree of implementation (intention-to-treat or treatment-on-the-treated effects) and the instruction delivery model (teachers or volunteers). Accounting for these implementation factors enables substantial generalisation of effect sizes across contexts. We introduce a new Bayesian model which incorporates implementation information into the evidence aggregation process. The results show that targeted instruction can deliver 0.39 SD improvements in learning on average when taken up, and 0.80 SD gains when implemented with high fidelity, explaining the upper range of effects in the literature. Given the central role of implementation identified in our synthesis, we conduct a new randomised trial to increase programme fidelity in Botswana. The results show additional 0.22 SD gains relative to standard implementation, revealing concrete mechanisms to enhance implementation and achieve the largest frontier effects identified in the literature.
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Schoen, Robert, Xiaotong Yang, and Gizem Solmaz. Psychometric Report for the 2019 Knowledge for Teaching Early Elementary Mathematics (K-TEEM) Test. Florida State University Libraries, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33009/lsi.1620243057.

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The 2019 Knowledge for Teaching Early Elementary Mathematics (2019 K-TEEM) test measures teachers’ mathematical knowledge for teaching early elementary mathematics. This report presents information about a large-scale field test of the 2019 K-TEEM test with 649 practicing educators. The report contains information about the development process used for the test; a description of the sample; descriptions of the procedures used for data entry, scoring of responses, and analysis of data; recommended scoring procedures; and findings regarding the distribution of test scores, standard error of measurement, and marginal reliability. The intended use of the data from the 2019 K-TEEM test is to serve as a measure of teacher knowledge that will be used in a randomized controlled trial to investigate the impact—and variation in impact—of a teacher professional-development program for early elementary teachers.
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