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Academic literature on the topic 'Trial as adult'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Trial as adult"

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Turner, Dan. "Particularities of IBD Trials in Children." Current Pharmaceutical Design 25, no. 1 (May 23, 2019): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190307125511.

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Pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are similar to the adult-onset type in many aspects, including the necessity of high-quality randomized controlled trials. However, recruiting children into clinical trials is conceptually more challenging than in adults. Furthermore, the long delay between adult and pediatric approval of new drugs leads not only to the unbearable extensive use of these drugs as off-label without appropriate dosing and safety data but also to more challenges when eventually the pediatric trial is performed. This review offers possible solutions to age-specific pitfalls in performing trials in pediatric IBD. Many of the challenges could be adequately addressed by accepting full extrapolation of efficacy from adult trials. This is advisable if small pharmacokinetics/ pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) studies show similarity to adult data. Then, pediatric trials can focus on dosing and safety while avoiding the controversial use of placebo. Judicious use of non-invasive activity scores and biomarkers, providing immediate and effective treatment in active disease and ensuring equipoise of treatments both within and outside the trial are the mainstay of a feasible trial in children. The recent trend of including adolescents in adult phase-3 trials addresses some obstacles but introduces others. Acknowledging and addressing these age-specific challenges would facilitate pediatric drug development in IBD.
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Theilacker, Christian, Mark A. Fletcher, Luis Jodar, and Bradford D. Gessner. "PCV13 Vaccination of Adults against Pneumococcal Disease: What We Have Learned from the Community-Acquired Pneumonia Immunization Trial in Adults (CAPiTA)." Microorganisms 10, no. 1 (January 8, 2022): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10010127.

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The Community-Acquired Pneumonia immunization Trial in Adults (CAPiTA) evaluated older adult pneumococcal vaccination and was one of the largest vaccine clinical trials ever conducted. Among older adults aged ≥65 years, the trial established 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) efficacy in preventing first episodes of bacteremic and nonbacteremic pneumococcal vaccine serotype (VT) community acquired pneumonia (CAP), and of vaccine serotype invasive pneumococcal disease (VT-IPD). Since the publication of the original trial results, 15 additional publications have extended the analyses. In this review, we summarize and integrate the full body of evidence generated by these studies, contextualize the results in light of their public health relevance, and discuss their implications for the assessment of current and future adult pneumococcal vaccination. This accumulating evidence has helped to better understand PCV13 efficacy, serotype-specific efficacy, efficacy in subgroups, the interpretation of immunogenicity data, and the public health value of adult PCV vaccination.
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Reynolds, O. L., and B. A. Orchard. "Effect of adult chill treatments on recovery, longevity and flight ability of Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 101, no. 1 (July 8, 2010): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485310000210.

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AbstractControl of Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae), populations or outbreaks may be achieved through the mass-rearing and inundative release of sterile B. tryoni. An alternative release method is to release chilled adult sterile fruit flies to decrease packaging and transport requirements and potentially improve release efficiencies. Two trials were conducted to determine the effect of chilling on the performance of two separate batches of adult B. tryoni, fed either a protein and sucrose diet or sucrose only diet. The first trial compared chill times of 0, 0.5, 2 and 4 h; the second trial compared chill times of 0, 2, 4, 8 and 24 h. Overall, there was little or no affect of chilling on the recovery, longevity and flight ability of B. tryoni chilled at 4°C. Recovery time can take up to 15 min for chilled adult flies. There was no effect of chill time on longevity although females generally had greater longevity on either diet compared with males. Propensity for flight was not adversely affected by chilling at the lower chill times in trial 1; however, in trial 2, adults fed on a protein and sucrose diet had a decreased tendency for flight as the chilling time increased. Fly body size did not affect recovery times although the smaller adult B. tryoni in trial 1 had significantly reduced longevity compared to the larger adults in trial 2. Implications of these findings for B. tryoni SIT are discussed.
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Mottl, Alexis A., Susan G. Fisher, Richard I. Fisher, Louis S. Constine, and Jonathan W. Friedberg. "Adolescents with Hodgkin Lymphoma Treated on Adult and Pediatric Protocols Have Distinct Therapeutic Outcome." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.312.312.

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Abstract Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) is a B cell malignancy, highly curable in the modern era (1989–2004). It is the most common cancer in the 15–19 age range. In the United States, adolescents with de novo HL may be treated on either pediatric or adult protocols. To identify outcomes of adolescents with HL, we conducted a comprehensive literature review and statistical analysis of all treatment trials (N > 50 pts) published in the past 15 years. Trials were selected for their relevance to treatment and disease outcome in adolescents with the following search criteria: Hodgkins disease, therapy, treatment, adolescents (13–18 years), and adults (19–44 years). The search retrieved 120 randomized control trials and 57 Phase II trials. 117 trials were eliminated due to inappropriate histology, non-clinical endpoints, topic reviews or otherwise not meeting established criteria. 79 studies were eligible for analysis. 15 pediatric treatment protocols (13 multi-center, 7 randomized) met established criteria. 7 identified the number of adolescents on trial (N=958/2675; 36%). Only 3 of these studies evaluated adolescent outcome; one trial demonstrated an inferior event-free survival for the adolescent subgroup vs. all children (72.0% vs. 89.0%; p-value 0.006, Chi Square Test). 57 adult treatment studies (39 multi-center, 44 randomized) were reviewed. 7 identified the number of adolescents on trial (N=422/2522; 17%). Only one provided information on adolescent outcome, which experienced a superior overall survival compared with the entire population (86.0% vs. 73.1%; p-value 0.030, Chi Square Test). None of the trials with both pediatric and adult subjects (7 multi-center, 4 randomized) provided information on the adolescent subgroup. In comparing pediatric and adult trials, we found remarkable differences in therapeutic approaches (all pediatric studies included XRT as a treatment component compared to 58% of adult studies) and in trial design (77% of adult studies were randomized compared to 47% of pediatric studies; p-value 0.0234, Fishers Exact Test). The adolescent population with HL is significantly understudied despite reasonable clinical trial participation and relatively high prevalence. In fact, only 4 published trials provided outcome information on adolescents with HL; in 2, outcome was statistically different from the rest of the study population, suggesting this subgroup may benefit from a specialized treatment approach. It is critical for future treatment trials to analyze results of the adolescent population to determine whether unique biological features, therapeutic practices, or host factors contribute to prognosis and outcome.
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Mahajan, Anita, Helen Shih, Marta Penas-Prado, Keith Ligon, Kenneth Aldape, Leland S. Hu, Ashlee R. Loughan, et al. "The Alliance AMBUSH Trial: Rationale and Design." Cancers 14, no. 2 (January 14, 2022): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14020414.

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Unlike medulloblastoma (MB) in children, robust prospective trials have not taken place for older patients due to the low incidence of MB in adults and adolescent and young adults (AYA). Current MB treatment paradigms for older patients have been extrapolated from the pediatric experience even though questions exist about the applicability of these approaches. Clinical and molecular classification of MB now provides better prognostication and is being incorporated in pediatric therapeutic trials. It has been established that genomic alterations leading to activation of the sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway occur in approximately 60% of MB in patients over the age of 16 years. Within this cohort, protein patched homolog (PTCH) and smoothened (SMO) mutations are commonly found. Among patients whose tumors harbor the SHH molecular signature, it is estimated that over 80% of patients could respond to SHH pathway inhibitors. Given the advances in the understanding of molecular subgroups and the lack of robust clinical data for adult/AYA MB, the Alliance for Clinical Trial in Oncology group developed the AMBUSH trial: Comprehensive Management of AYA and Adult Patients with Medulloblastoma or Pineal Embryonal Tumors with a Randomized Placebo Controlled Phase II Focusing on Sonic Hedgehog Pathway Inhibition in SHH Subgroup Patients (Adult & Adolescent MedulloBlastoma Using Sonic Hedgehog Trial). This trial will enroll patients 18 years of age or older with MB (any molecular subgroup and risk stratification) or pineal embryonal tumor. Patients will be assigned to one of three cohorts: (1) average risk non-SHH-MB, (2) average risk SHH-MB, and (3) high risk MB or pineal embryonal tumors. All patients will receive protocol-directed comprehensive treatment with radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Patients with SHH-MB in cohort 1 will be randomized to a smoothened inhibitor or placebo as maintenance therapy for one year.
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Neel, Dylan, David Stephen Shulman, and Steven G. DuBois. "Sponsorship of pediatric oncology interventional trials." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): 10044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.10044.

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10044 Background: The sponsor of a clinical trial is the single entity responsible for the overall conduct and oversight of the trial. Sponsors may be pharmaceutical/biotech companies (“industry”), government agencies (e.g. NIH), or other entities such as academic institutions. Trial sponsorship may have important regulatory and financial implications for the trial intervention under investigation. We sought to compare oncology trial sponsorship based upon age of eligibility. Methods: We used the clinicaltrials.gov database to evaluate all interventional trials from September 1, 2009 to December 1, 2018. We included all trials regardless of indication and then separately analyzed only oncology trials. We analyzed sponsor status as “industry”, “government”, or “other”. Results: Sponsorship data were available for 59,582 interventional trials across all disciplines (n = 15,564 oncology trials). Across all disciplines and ages of eligibility, lead trial sponsorship was 34% industry, 5% government, and 61% other. Across all oncology trials, sponsorship mix was similar: 31% industry; 6% government, and 62% other. Among adult oncology trials (age of eligibility starting at age 18 years), trial sponsorship was 33% industry, 6% government, and 61% other. Among pediatric-only oncology trials (age of eligibility capped < 18 years), trial sponsorship was 25% industry, 1% government, and 74% other. 5% of industry sponsored trials across all indications were pediatric-only compared to 0.63% of industry-sponsored trials in oncology. 95% of industry sponsored pediatric-only oncology trials were phase 1 or 2 trials, compared to 90% in adults. Conclusions: Pediatric-only interventional oncology trials are less likely to be industry sponsored compared to adult oncology trials or trials across all disciplines. Less than 1% of industry sponsored interventional trials in oncology focus on children < 18 years of age.
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FUNAKI, Takeshi, Jun C. TAKAHASHI, Susumu MIYAMOTO, and JAM Trial Group. "Japan Adult Moyamoya Trial: Results and Future Directions." Surgery for Cerebral Stroke 44, no. 4 (2016): 272–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2335/scs.44.272.

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Combest, Austin James, Dirk J. Reitsma, Angelena Moseley, Savanna D. Steele, and Marie-Edith Anne Bonneterre. "Adult participation in oncology clinical trials by indication, race, and age." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): e17586-e17586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e17586.

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e17586 Background: According to the National Cancer Institute (NCI), approximately 3 percent of adult cancer patients participate in clinical trials despite the NCCN guidelines frequently recommending clinical trials as standard of care in many circumstances (Mooney, 2010). In a large analysis of NCI Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (CTEP) trials, 40 percent of trials failed to achieve minimum enrollment, including 3 of 5 phase III trials (Cheng, 2010). Additionally, concerns about unequal access to clinical trials led Congress to enact the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Revitalization Act 20 years ago (June 10, 1993). Using data from Ipsos’ Tandem Oncology Monitor, a robust, nationwide system that collects actual prescriptions and clinical trial participation by indication from 500 oncologists and hematologists from the United States, we evaluated current participation and ethnic diversity in clinical trials. Methods: We assessed adult clinical trial participation from October 2011 to September 2012. Age, ethnicity and practice type were also collected to identify descriptive trends. Results: With regards to indication, clinical trial participation ranged from 1 percent (prostate, renal cell and head and neck) to 12 percent (thyroid) averaging between 2 and 3 percent. We observed a decline in first-line metastatic melanoma participation between pre- and post- vemurafenib/ipilimumab approval (9%-pre versus 2%-post). Patient diversity results are included in the Table. Conclusions: Despite efforts to increase oncology clinical trial participation, we have observed overall low clinical trial participation. Additionally, we observed better trial participation in the youngest age groups and minor differences between ethnic categories. Continued focus on increasing trial participation and patient diversity is still needed. [Table: see text]
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Keegan, Theresa H. M., and Helen M. Parsons. "Adolescent angst: enrollment on clinical trials." Hematology 2018, no. 1 (November 30, 2018): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2018.1.154.

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Abstract Survival among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) ages 15 to 39 with cancer has not improved to the same extent as that of pediatric and older adult cancer patients, which is thought to relate, in part, to the lower participation of AYAs in clinical trials. Because significant efforts have been made to improve clinical trial enrollment for AYAs, we (1) present contemporary clinical trial enrollment rates by cancer type, sociodemographic characteristics, and treatment setting and (2) discuss provider-, patient-, and system-level barriers to clinical trial participation. Contemporary studies examining clinical trial enrollment among AYAs have continued to find low overall participation relative to pediatric populations, with most studies observing no significant improvements in enrollment over time. In addition to age and cancer type, enrollment varies by treatment setting, health insurance, and race/ethnicity. Access to available clinical trials may be increased by appropriate referral of AYAs to pediatric and adult specialty cancer centers with studies relevant to the AYA population because most AYAs are treated in the community setting. Even with similar access to trials, however, AYAs may be less likely to participate, and therefore, future efforts should focus on better understanding and addressing barriers to enrollment as well as improving education and outreach regarding clinical trials.
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Tjernström, Fredrik, Jennie Oredsson, and Måns Magnusson. "A "wait and learn" strategy of postural control learning in children?" Journal of Vestibular Research 16, no. 6 (July 1, 2007): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-2006-16602.

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This study compares the children and adult response to a novel postural challenge. One group of children (n=13, age 7–9) and one adult reference group (n=12 age 15–32) were subjected to vibration induced body sway and posturography with both open and closed eyes for 5 consecutive days. There was a gradual decrease of induced body sway over time in both groups (p< 0.001) between the subsequent trials, but only in the adult group was there a reduction of induced body sway over time within each trial (p< 0.05). The children had on a considerably less level of induced body sway when they started the second trial than they finished the first (p< 0.01). There appears to be a different approach of adaptation to a new postural challenge between children and adults.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Trial as adult"

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Mobley, Erin M. "Challenges unique to adolescent and young adult cancer care: factors affecting barriers in access to care." Diss., University of Iowa, 2019. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6807.

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Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) ages 15-39 with cancer have experienced stagnant survival rates for the past 30 years in comparison to those older or younger diagnosed with cancer. Survival disparities for this population may be due to biologic factors, lack of consistent and effective access to care, and unique psychosocial needs of this age group, and taken together, present an opportunity for health policy intervention. Of particular interest are barriers most important to AYAs themselves, appropriate and timely clinical trial enrollment, and the ability to preserve fertility prior to initiating treatment. These barriers may be more difficult to overcome for AYAs that are from rural areas, those that may be un- or under- insured, of lower socioeconomic status or educational attainment, and other social determinant of health related-factors. In this dissertation, I examined the factors that drive the challenges encountered by AYAs with cancer and discuss potential solutions to overcome these challenges. The first aim of this dissertation establishes which challenges or aspects of the cancer experience are most important to AYAs using a mixed methods approach. The second and third aims build off of challenges identified in aim one using quantitative methods. In aim two, AYA clinical trial enrollment in the United States is examined using a nationally-representative sample with a specific focus on rural disparities. In aim three, historical utilization of fertility preservation consultations and procedures are studied among AYAs treated a single institution serving a rural population.
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Jones, Lindsey. "A parent training program combining discrete trial training and incidental teaching in the home environment." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003113.

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Mehlitz, Philipp-Mathias [Verfasser]. "Safety profile of CAP7.1 obtained during Phase I Trial in adult patients with refractory malignancies / Philipp-Mathias Mehlitz." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1121007368/34.

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Yip, Fung-ping, and 葉鳳萍. "Comparison of hormone profiles in Chinese adult epilepsy patients treated with Sodium Valproate or lamotrigine monotherapy: a prospective randomised trial." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4175797X.

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Jacobson, Candice. "A retrospective analysis of factors used to assess fitness to stand trial in adult male defendants referred for psychiatric observation." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24502.

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Background. A court orders a forensic observation of a defendant to determine a defendant's fitness to stand trial and/or ability to appreciate wrongfulness of action (criminal responsibility) at the time of the alleged offence. Fitness to stand trial is the focus of this review rather than criminal responsibility. In this instance, the court requests an expert to determine whether the defendant's current mental state would significantly impair his or her ability to participate meaningfully in his or her own trial. In South Africa, this process involves multiple assessments by a multidisciplinary forensic psychiatry team in a dedicated forensic psychiatry unit. However, at present no standardised format has been adopted for such an evaluation, the findings of which may have dire consequences for the individual being assessed. Furthermore, there is a paucity of current literature on fitness to stand trial evaluation. Objectives. To establish whether fitness to stand trial is adequately assessed in the Western Cape, South Africa. A further objective is to establish whether mental illness is the sole factor that differentiates defendants fit to stand trial from those who are found not fit to stand trial, and whether defendants with mental illness are less likely to be asked the relevant questions to determine fitness to stand trial than those without mental illness. Methods. A descriptive, retrospective review was conducted (via the application of a checklist) of clinical records of the last 100 male defendants' ≥18 years of age admitted to the Valkenberg Hospital Forensic Psychiatry Unit prior to March 2015. Results. 30 defendants (30%) were found to have a psychiatric diagnosis. Of the 30 defendants, all were noted to have a serious mental illness (mostly psychotic disorder or cognitive impairment) and were found not fit to stand trial. Seventy (70%) of the defendants were found fit to stand trial by the expert panel. From the findings, it was noted that the forensic team asked and recorded the necessary factors to determine fitness to stand trial in 56% of the study population (based on frequency of responses: n = 894), with 32% of questions not appearing to have been addressed at all (especially those pertaining to role players in court and a defendant's understanding of his rights). Furthermore, various questions appeared to have been indirectly addressed in fewer than 50% of defendants. No significant difference was noted in how the forensic team conducted its assessments between those defendants found to have a serious mental illness and those without serious mental illness. Conclusion. The results of the study suggest the need for a more in-depth review of the forensic evaluation process in the Western Cape to further ascertain the benefits of using a checklist during the evaluation process. Furthermore, additional research would assist in determining the factors contributing to a number of questions not having been addressed and the consequences thereof.
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Yip, Fung-ping. "Comparison of hormone profiles in Chinese adult epilepsy patients treated with Sodium Valproate or lamotrigine monotherapy a prospective randomised trial /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B4175797X.

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Pachankis, John E., Stacey L. Williams, Kriti Behari, Sarah Job, Erin M. McConocha, and Stephenie R. Chaudoir. "Brief Online Interventions for LGBTQ Young Adult Mental and Behavioral Health: A Randomized Controlled Trial in a High-Stigma, Low-Resource Context." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000497.

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OBJECTIVE: To identify scalable interventions for improving sexual minority mental health and health-risk behavior, this study tested the efficacy of two self-guided online writing interventions-expressive writing and self-affirmation. To reach sexual minority young adults living in high-stigma, low-resource settings, we developed and tested these interventions in Appalachian Tennessee. METHOD: In consultation with sexual minority young adults (n = 10) and stakeholders (n = 10) living in Appalachian Tennessee, we adapted these two writing interventions that we then delivered to 108 local sexual minority young adults (Mage = 23.68, SD = 3.11). Participants, representing diverse sexual and gender identities and socioeconomic backgrounds, were randomly assigned to participate in a 3-session expressive writing intervention, self-affirmation intervention, or neutral control. Participants completed mental health and health-risk behavior measures at baseline, postintervention, and 3-month follow-up. RESULTS: Compared to the neutral control, expressive writing exerted 3-month improvements in depressive symptoms (d = 0.48) and general psychological distress (d = 0.36) whereas self-affirmation exerted improvement in suicidal ideation (d = 0.62) and drug abuse (d = 0.59). Participants who were exposed to greater contextual minority stressors common in rural regions (i.e., discrimination and victimization) experienced significantly greater 3-month reductions in depression from expressive writing and self-affirmation compared to control. Those who experienced greater discrimination also experienced significantly greater 3-month reductions in suicidality from self-affirmation compared to control. CONCLUSION: Brief writing interventions exert significant impact on the mental health of young adult sexual minorities, especially those exposed to minority stress. Future research can consider strategies for population-level implementation, especially in high-stigma, low-resource settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Sharma, Dhiraj. "The Impact of Financial Incentives on Academic Achievement and Household Behavior: Evidence from a Randomized Trial in Nepal." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1300977995.

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Littlejohn, Meagan. "Gain-Framed Messaging to Promote Adult Sport: An Exploration of the Effects of Efficacy-Enhancing Messages on Psychological and Behavioural Outcomes." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35531.

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To understand how to better stimulate adult sport engagement, this study investigated effects of gain-framed messages (GFM; Rothman & Updegraff, 2010) on psychological/behavioural outcomes, with or without efficacy-enhancing messages (Latimer et al., 2010). Eligible adults (30-69 years-old) were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions (‘GFM alone’ or ‘GFM plus efficacy-enhancing messages’), or a control condition. Participants (N = 232; 62.5% female) completed baseline/screening measures, watched their messaging intervention and reported outcomes one-week later (Time 2), and responded one-month later (Time 3). Comparing the experimental conditions showed non-significant differences for all outcomes, indicating no added benefit of efficacy-enhancing messages. Collapsing the experimental groups and comparing against the control showed significant group-by-time interactions for three ‘outcome expectancies’ (travel, social affiliation, stress relief), with reports higher among experimental participants. Results also indicated that moderate-to-vigorous physical activity significantly decreased at Time 3 within the control, but remained constant among experimental participants.
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Smith, Reuben Nathanael. "Perioperative comparison of the agreement between a portable fingertip pulse oximeter vs. a conventional bedside pulse oximeter in adult patients (COMFORT trial)." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29680.

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Background: Low-cost, portable fingertip pulse oximeters are widely available to health professionals and the public. They are often not tested to ISO standards, or only undergo accuracy studies in healthy volunteers under ideal laboratory conditions. This study aims to pragmatically evaluate the agreement between one such device and a conventional bedside pulse oximeter in a clinical setting, in patients with varied comorbidities and skin pigmentations. Methods: A single-centre equipment comparison study was conducted. Simultaneous measurements were obtained in 220 patients with both a Contec CMS50D Fingertip Pulse Oximeter and a Nihon Kohden Life Scope MU-631 RK conventional bedside monitor. Peripheral oxygen saturations (SpO₂) and pulse rates were documented, and patient skin tone was recorded using the Fitzpatrick scale. Data was assessed using a Bland-Altman analysis with bias, precision and limits of agreement (LOA) calculated with 95% confidence intervals. A priori acceptability for LOA was determined to be 3%, in keeping with international standards. Results: Mean difference (therefore bias) between the conventional and fingertip oximeters for all data was -0,55% (95% CI -0,73 to -0,36%). Upper and lower limits of agreement (95% CI) were 2,16 (1,84 to 2,47) and -3,25 (-3,56 to -2,94) %. Regression analysis demonstrated worsening agreement with decreasing SpO₂. When samples were separated into “normal” (SpO₂ ≥ 93%) and “hypoxaemic” (SpO₂ < 93%) groups, the normal range displayed acceptable agreement between the two oximeters (bias -0,20 with LOA 2,20 to -2,27%), while the hypoxaemic group fell outside the study’s a priori limits. Heart rate measurements had mean difference (LOA) of -0,43 (-5,61 to 4,76) beats per minute. The study was not powered to detect difference among the skin tones, but demonstrated no trend for this parameter to alter the SpO₂ measurements. Conclusions: During normoxia, portable fingertip pulse oximeters are reliable indicators of SpO₂ and pulse rates in patients with various comorbidities in a pragmatic clinical context. However, they display worsening agreement with conventional pulse oximeters during hypoxaemia. Skin tones do not appear to adversely affect measurements.
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Books on the topic "Trial as adult"

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Wilson, J. L. Adult impartial questionnaire trial. 2nd ed. Winchester: NACCEG, 2000.

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1947-, Snashall Ron, ed. Pre-trial diversion for adult offenders: Proceedings, 20-22 August 1985. Canberra, A.C.T: Australian Institute of Criminology, 1986.

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JG, Weiss Bobbi, and Copyright Paperback Collection (Library of Congress), eds. Salem on trial. New York: Pocket Books, 1998.

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Gwilliam, J. Gary. Getting a winning verdict in my personal life: A trial lawyer finds his soul. Walnut Creek, Calif: Pavior, 2007.

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Vella, Susan. Recovered traumatic memory in historical childhood sexual abuse cases: Credibility on trial. Toronto: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 1997.

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Battle of the planets: Trial by fire digest. Los Angeles: Top Cow Productions, 2003.

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Smith, Barry W. Trials and tribulations with technology, but powerful potential for participation: Report of the trial use of an electronic bulletin board to provide remote participation in an adult education conference. Australia: AOLIN, 1987.

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Cherubini, Antonio, Roberto Bernabei, Luigi Ferrucci, Niccolò Marchionni, Stephanie Studenski, and Bruno Vellas, eds. Clinical trials in older adults. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118323434.

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Pareek, Vijay Kumar. Adult education: Tribal development migration and inequality. Delhi: Himanshu Publications, 1992.

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editor, Zouak Jennifer, and Rea Chris W. editor, eds. Breadcrumb trail. Calgary, Canada: ADZO Publishing Inc., 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Trial as adult"

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Ring, Sinéad, Kate Gleeson, and Kim Stevenson. "The criminal trial." In Child Sexual Abuse Reported by Adult Survivors, 143–74. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429468162-9.

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Shapiro, Carol. "Adult Probation in America: Its Role in Restorative Justice." In Restorative Justice on Trial, 397–407. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8064-9_27.

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Funaki, Takeshi, Jun C. Takahashi, and Susumu Miyamoto. "Hemorrhagic Stroke and the Japan Adult Moyamoya Trial." In Moyamoya Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives, 111–23. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6404-2_9.

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Petzold, Frauke, and Lutz Netzig. "Waage Hannover E.V. — A Reconciliation and Restitution Program for Adult Offenders And Victims: The Concept for Practice and Research." In Restorative Justice on Trial, 513–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8064-9_36.

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Cossins, Anne. "The Problems Facing Reformers of the Sexual Assault Trial." In Closing the Justice Gap for Adult and Child Sexual Assault, 479–531. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-32051-3_10.

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Zhai, Xiaomei, and Renzong Qiu. "Regulations/Ethical Guidelines on Human Adult/Mesenchymal Stem Cell Clinical Trial and Clinical Translation." In Essentials of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Biology and Its Clinical Translation, 279–313. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6716-4_19.

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Cossins, Anne. "Achieving Best Evidence for Vulnerable Witnesses: The Use of Trauma-Informed Theory to Reform the Sexual Assault Trial." In Closing the Justice Gap for Adult and Child Sexual Assault, 533–76. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-32051-3_11.

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Kuriyama, K., M. Tomonaga, T. Kobayashi, K. Nishikawa, T. Ohsima, S. Furusawa, and R. Ohno. "Trial to Extract Prognostic Factors Prior to the Start of Induction Chemotherapy for Adult AML." In Haematology and Blood Transfusion / Hämatologie und Bluttransfusion, 901–5. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71960-8_125.

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Fière, D., E. Archimbaud, J. M. Extra, M. Marty, B. David, F. Witz, J. J. Sotto, H. Rochant, J. A. Gastaut, and P. Y. Le Prise. "Treatment of Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Preliminary Results of a Trial from the French Group." In Acute Leukemias, 125–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71213-5_19.

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Raymond, Jolia, Simon Chanin, Adam Michael Stewart, Evan Kyzar, Siddharth Gaikwad, Andrew Roth, Indya Bruce, et al. "Assessing Habituation Phenotypes in Adult Zebrafish: Intra- and Inter-Trial Habituation in the Novel Tank Test." In Neuromethods, 273–85. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-597-8_21.

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Conference papers on the topic "Trial as adult"

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Fruchter, Oren, Yair Manevich, Uri Carmi, Dror Rosengarten, and Mordechai Kramer. "Prospective randomized trial evaluating ketamine for adult bronchoscopy." In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa324.

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Tousman, S., and H. Zeitz. "Randomized Control Behavioral Trial of Adult Asthma Self-Management Program." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a1087.

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Kamei, M., Y. Koga, R. Fukano, M. Sekimizu, K. Ohki, T. Mori, T. Osumi, et al. "Clinical trial of Childhood, Adolescent and Young Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma in Japan." In ISCAYAHL 2020. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1701862.

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Fenz, Andrea Maria. "EXPERIENCE AND TRIAL JOURNEY WITH DIGITAL FILM MAKING FOR ADULT EDUCATION AND TRAINING." In 10th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2017.1753.

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Meng, Wei, Quan Liu, Mingming Zhang, Bo Sheng, Zude Zhou, Qingsong Ai, and Shane Xie. "Robot-Assisted Ankle Rehabilitation Training on an Adult With Cerebral Palsy: A Case Report." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47005.

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Robot-assisted rehabilitation techniques have advantages over conventional physiotherapy in terms of control accuracy, repeatability and objectiveness. Several systematic reviews on the effectiveness of robot-assisted ankle rehabilitation have been conducted. It was found that most were effective for the treatment of ankle injuries, although the comparative results could not be identified. However, evidence involving the clinical effectiveness of robotic ankle therapy on adult patients with cerebral palsy (CP) is lacking. This paper presents a case study of robot-assisted ankle rehabilitation on an adult patient with CP. Biomechanical outcomes were evaluated before and after each session with a 10-week-intervention trial by using a Continuous Passive Motion (CPM) device (ARTROMOT®-SP3) for ankle rehabilitation. Both passive and passive-active programs were conducted. Evaluation measures include ankle range of motion (ROM), stiffness and active strength. Experimental results show a distinct recovery progress in ankle movement ability. The participant achieved increased ankle ROM and active strength, and decreased ankle stiffness. This case report demonstrates the effectiveness of robotic training to recover a CP patient’s motor functions and also provides a basis for future study with more clinical trials.
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Chen, Alice P., Shuli Li, Brent Coffey, James V. Tricoli, Stanley R. Hamilton, Mickey P. Williams, Edith P. Mitchell, et al. "Abstract A089: Adolescent and young adult (AYA) cohort of the NCI MATCH clinical trial (EAY131)." In Abstracts: AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; October 26-30, 2019; Boston, MA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.targ-19-a089.

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Reihl, Sheantel J., Ramin A. Morshed, Sofia Kakaizada, Eric Zhang, Jacob S. Young, Jennifer Clarke, Nicholas Butowski, et al. "Abstract A056: A study of race and socioeconomic status impacting therapeutic clinical trial enrollment in adult gliomas patients." In Abstracts: Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; September 20-23, 2019; San Francisco, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp19-a056.

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Woltering, Steven. "Neural and Behavioral Effects of Working Memory Training in Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial." In 2019 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1431815.

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Thompson, B. T., and Marco Ranieri. "Efficacy And Safety Of Drotrecogin Alfa (Activated) In Adult Patients With Septic Shock: Results Of The PROWESS-SHOCK TRIAL." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a6858.

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Kondo, T., Y. Okada, A. Shibata, K. Chino, T. Kurasawa, A. Okuyama, H. Takei, and K. Amano. "THU0577 Tocilizumab monotherapy for adult onset still's disease – results of 52-week treatment of a prospective, single-center, single-arm, open trial." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, 14–17 June, 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-eular.4922.

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Reports on the topic "Trial as adult"

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Gray, G. C., P. J. Witucki, M. T. Gould, S. J. Bell, and K. M. Hiliopoulos. Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial of Oral Azithromycin Prophylaxis Against Respiratory Infections in a High-Risk, Young Adult Population. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada408859.

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Villa, Michele, Massimo Le Pera, and Michela Bottega. Quality of Abstracts in Randomized Controlled Trials Published in Leading Critical Care Nursing Journals. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0039.

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Review question / Objective: This review aims to evaluate the methodological quality of RCT-abstracts in leading critical care nursing journals. A methodological quality review with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) criteria will be performed in RCT-abstracts published between 2011-2021 in the first Scopus-ranking (2021) nursing journals. Eligibility criteria: Abstracts of scientific articles will be included if they fulfil the following inclusion criteria: 1) they report the results of parallel and/or cross-over group RCTs, 2) they are written in English, 3) they refer to the care of adult patients with acute/critical illness or conducted in adult ICUs.Manuscripts reporting results of pilot or feasibility studies, cluster trials, observational or cohort studies, interim analyses, economic analyses of RCTs, post-trial follow-up studies, subgroup and secondary analyses of previously published RCTs, editorials and RCTs without an abstract such as RCTs published as letters to the editor, single-subject clinical trials will be excluded.
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Jensen, Katherine. The Impact of Psychosocial Needs of Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Patients: An Analysis of Clinical Trial Participation and Adherence. Portland State University Library, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/honors.80.

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Marenco-Hillembrand, Lina, Michael A. Bamimore, Julio Rosado-Philippi, Blake Perdikis, David N. Abarbanel, Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa, Kaisorn L. Chaichana, and Wendy J. Sherman. The Evolving Landscape of Leptomeningeal Cancer from Solid Tumors: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.12.0112.

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Review question / Objective: Among adult patients with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis from solid tumors (population) treated with chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy (intervention and comparator) what are the differences in overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) and treatment response based on clinical trial outcomes? Eligibility criteria: Included articles reported 1) human subjects ≥ 18 years 2) diagnosis of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis from solid tumors confirmed by imaging or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology and clinical or neurological symptoms 3) clinical trials 4) with either PFS or MOS outcomes listed. Book chapters, case reports, review articles, observational studies, ed-itorials, and publications of leptomeningeal cancer from hematological tumors and studies consisting solely of pediatric patients were excluded from the analysis.
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Lizama-Pérez, Rodrigo, Ignacio Chirosa-Ríos, Luis Chirosa-Ríos, Enrique Olave, Carmen Ferragut, Helena Vila, and Daniel Jerez-Mayorga. Effects of eccentric exercise on muscle architecture in adults: A systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.12.0094.

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Review question / Objective: Question: What is the effect of eccentric training on muscle architecture in the adult population? Objective: This review aims to evaluate the effects of eccentric training on muscle architecture in the adult population. Condition being studied: Healthy individuals who were subjected to eccentric training. Eligibility criteria: Articles that met the following criteria were included in this review: (I) subjects >18 years old, (II) Eccentric training program longer than 4 weeks (III) Studies with randomized clinical trial design, (IV) studies reporting measures of muscle architecture: “pennation angle”, “fascicle length”, “muscle thickness”, (V) full text available, and (VI) articles in English. In addition, we excluded all those articles that (I) Eccentric training programs of less than 4 weeks (II) conference presentations, theses, books, editorials, review articles and expert opinions, (III) duplicate articles, and (IV) articles in which the principal or secondary authors did not respond to e-mail requests.
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Han, Yuyuan, Weiming Zhang, Qi yan Mo, Lu Han, and Sikai Nong. A meta-analysis of prognosis difference between adolescent and adult nasopharyngeal carcinoma. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0131.

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Review question / Objective: Clinical trials for young patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma are very limited. because of the rarity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in young patients, oncologists are forced to follow treatment guidelines developed for adults for adolescent nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. This study examines the differences in outcomes between adolescent and adult nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients treated with the same regimen and has clinical implications for the treatment of adolescent nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. P : Patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. I : Adolescents. C : Adults. O : 5-year overall survival (OS). S : case-control study. Condition being studied: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Clinical trials for young patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma are very limited. because of the rarity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in young patients, oncologists are forced to follow treatment guidelines developed for adults for adolescent nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. This study examines the differences in outcomes between adolescent and adult nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients treated with the same regimen and has clinical implications for the treatment of adolescent nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.
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Zhu, Qiqi, Jie Deng, Chong Xu, Meixi Yao, and Yu Zhu. Effects of physical activity on visuospatial working memory in healthy individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0053.

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Review question / Objective: P: Healthy individuals (including children, adolescents, adults, and seniors); I: Individuals who join various physical activities (including aerobic exercise, HIT, yoga, resistance training, Tai Chi, balance training, skill training, et al); C: Individuals who have no movement, do reading, or do same as normal activities; O: 1-Back Test, 2-Back Test, Trail Making Test-A, Trail Making Test-B, Digit Span Forward, Digit Span Backward; S: Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT). Condition being studied: Healthy individuals without any cognitive disorders.
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Keating, Louise, Ailish Malone Name, Maire-Brid Casey, Ciaran Bolger, Dara Meldrum, and Catherine Doody. Conservative Primary Care Management for Recent Onset Cervical Radiculopathy – a Systematic Review & Meta-analysis Protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.2.0047.

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Review question / Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of conservative management available in primary care for adults with recent onset (less than 12 weeks) cervical radiculopathy. Conservative management will be compared to any available comparator i.e. no treatment, placebo or any treatment. Eligibility criteria: Inclusion criteria – trials (as defined in item 15) investigating any conservative management (e.g. exercise, advice, manual therapy, traction, acupuncture, pharmacology etc), involving adults with single level CR (as defined in item 10) of any aetiology, with symptom duration of 12 weeks or less, and including 1 or more of the following outcomes i.e. pain, disability, overall improvement or satisfaction with intervention, quality of life or participation restriction. Exclusion criteria – full text not available, not a randomised controlled trial, trials not involving CR (e.g. cervicobrachial pain, neck pain only), trials involving chronic CR, multilevel or bilateral CR (polyradiculopathy) or radiculomyelopathy, major or systemic pathology, post-surgery interventions, trials of surgery or spinal injection only, or involving a paediatric population or not in English language.
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Camenzind, Lauren, Molly Kafader, Rachel Schwam, Mikayla Taylor, Zoie Wilkes, and Madison Williams. Space Retrieval Training for Memory Enhancement in Adults with Dementia. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/chp.mot2.2021.0013.

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The final portfolio contains 8 research articles from national and international journals. Study designs include one systematic review, one randomized control trial with pretest-posttest design, three small-scale randomized control trials, one quasi-experimental study with no control, one time-series study, and one case study. All studies relate directly to components of the evidence-based practice question and will be used to draft new recommendations for implementation regarding spaced retrieval training for memory enhancement in adults with dementia. Seven out of the eight articles looked at the effects of SR techniques on functional tasks. Articles looked at eating difficulty (1), independent use of walkers (1), iADL function (3), use of technology (1), and ADL function (1). One out of eight articles looked at benefits of spaced retrieval techniques on episodic memory, which is not necessarily a functional task, but is needed to perform functional tasks.
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James-Scott, Alisha, Rachel Savoy, Donna Lynch-Smith, and tracy McClinton. Impact of Central Line Bundle Care on Reduction of Central Line Associated-Infections: A Scoping Review. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0014.

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Purpose/Background Central venous catheters (CVC) are typical for critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Due to the invasiveness of this procedure, there is a high risk for central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI). These infections have been known to increase mortality and morbidity, medical costs, and reduce hospital reimbursements. Evidenced-based interventions were grouped to assemble a central line bundle to decrease the number of CLABSIs and improve patient outcomes. This scoping review will evaluate the literature and examine the association between reduced CLABSI rates and central line bundle care implementation or current use. Methods A literature review was completed of nine critically appraised articles from the years 2010-2021. The association of the use of central line bundles and CLABSI rates was examined. These relationships were investigated to determine if the adherence to a central line bundle directly reduced the number of CLABSI rates in critically ill adult patients. A summary evaluation table was composed to determine the associations related to the implementation or current central line bundle care use. Results Of the study sample (N=9), all but one demonstrated a significant decrease in CLABSI rates when a central line bundle was in place. A trend towards reducing CLABSI was noted in the remaining article, a randomized controlled study, but the results were not significantly different. In all the other studies, a meta-analysis, randomized controlled trial, control trial, cohort or case-control studies, and quality improvement project, there was a significant improvement in CLABSI rates when utilizing a central line bundle. The extensive use of different levels of evidence provided an excellent synopsis that implementing a central line bundle care would directly affect decreasing CLABSI rates. Implications for Nursing Practice Results provided in this scoping review afforded the authors a diverse level of evidence that using a central line bundle has a direct outcome on reducing CLABSI rates. This practice can be implemented within the hospital setting as suggested by the literature review to prevent or reduce CLABSI rates. Implementing a standard central line bundle care hospital-wide helps avoid this hospital-acquired infection.
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