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Journal articles on the topic 'Triadimenol'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Erickson, Eugene O., and Wayne F. Wilcox. "Distributions of Sensitivities to Three Sterol Demethylation Inhibitor Fungicides Among Populations of Uncinula necator Sensitive and Resistant to Triadimefon." Phytopathology® 87, no. 8 (August 1997): 784–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1997.87.8.784.

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Single-conidial isolates of Uncinula necator from (i) a population representing two vineyards with no previous exposure to sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides (“unexposed,” n = 77) and (ii) a population representing two vineyards in which powdery mildew was poorly controlled by triadimefon after prolonged DMI use (“selected,” n = 82) were assayed to determine distributions of sensitivities to the DMI fungicides triadimenol (the active form of triadimefon), myclobutanil, and fenarimol. Median 50% effective dose (ED50) values (micrograms per milliliter) in the selected versus unexposed populations were 0.06 versus 1.9 for triadimenol, 0.03 versus 0.23 for myclobutanil, and 0.03 versus 0.07 for fenarimol, respectively. Isolates were grouped into sensitivity classes according to their ED50 values, and those from the selected population were categorized as resistant if the frequency of their sensitivity class had increased significantly relative to levels found in the unexposed population (ED50 values exceeding 0.56, 0.18, and 0.18 μg/ml for triadimenol, myclobutanil, and fenarimol, respectively). Of the 76 isolates defined as resistant to triadimenol, 64% were classified as cross-resistant to myclobutanil, 18% were classified as cross-resistant to fenarimol, and 17% were classified as resistant to all three fungicides; 25% of the isolates classified as resistant to myclobutanil also were classified as resistant to fenarimol. Similar cross-resistance relationships were revealed when all isolates were examined by regressing log ED50 values for each fungicide against those for the remaining two fungicides to determine the correlation coefficients (e.g., r = 0.85 for triadimenol versus myclobutanil and 0.56 for triadimenol versus fenarimol). The restricted levels of cross-resistance indicated by these data, particularly between fenarimol and the other two fungicides, is in sharp contrast to the high levels of cross-resistance among DMIs reported for some other pathogens and has significant implications with respect to programs for managing grapevine powdery mildew and DMI resistance.

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2

Da Silva, J. "Aqueous photochemistry of pesticides triadimefon and triadimenol." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 154, no. 2-3 (January 24, 2003): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1010-6030(02)00328-3.

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3

Nogueira, Sônia Regina, Hilário Antonio de Castro, and Claudomiro Moura Gomes André. "Efeito de fungicidas na germinação in vitro de conídios de Claviceps africana." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 37, no. 10 (October 2002): 1511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2002001000020.

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A cultura do sorgo não enfrentava problemas sérios de doenças nas condições de cultivo no Brasil, até o ano de 1995, quando se registrou a ocorrência da doença-açucarada, causada por Claviceps africana, que afeta as panículas e reduz a quantidade e a qualidade dos grãos; os conídios constituem a principal fonte de inóculo fúngico. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o efeito dos fungicidas tebuconazole, propiconazole, triadimenol, triadimefon, flutriafol e mancozeb na inibição in vitro da germinação dos conídios. Os fungicidas mancozeb, triadimenol e propiconazole foram os mais eficientes na inibição da germinação dos conídios.

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4

Li, Ying-Hong, Bei-Lei Zhou, Ming-Rong Qian, Qiang Wang, and Hu Zhang. "Transfer and Metabolism of Triadimefon Residues from Rape Flowers to Apicultural Products." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7697345.

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This paper presents a study on the transfer and metabolism of triadimefon residues from rape flowers to apicultural products. In the field trials, honeybee colonies were placed in four rape greenhouses treated with triadimefon on standard dosage. Apicultural products (pollen, honey, and royal jelly) were collected on a regular basis. Sample preparation and extraction procedure were established. HPLC/ESI-MS/MS method was validated. The respective residues of triadimefon and metabolite triadimenol were 0.03±0.002 mg/kg and 0.13±0.02 mg/kg in pollen on the 18th day, and both had reached the limits of detection in honey on the 24th day, while they were 0.004±0.0005 mg/kg and 0.010±0.0002 mg/kg in royal jelly on the 22nd day. Mathematical curve fitting studies were further investigated. On the basis of recommended dosage, the degradation half-lives of triadimefon in pollen, honey, and royal jelly were about 0.7, 12.5, and 19.5 days, respectively. Transfer of triadimefon residues from rape flowers to apicultural products diminished over spraying time. The residues of triadimefon and metabolite triadimenol in pollen were about 10 times higher than those in honey and jelly. Time to attain the maximum permissible limit of pollen in the European Union was 14.9 days, predicted from the index function.

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5

Da Silva, J. P., A. M. Da Silva, I. V. Khmelinskii, J. M. G. Martinho, and L. F. Vieira Ferreira. "Photophysics and photochemistry of azole fungicides: triadimefon and triadimenol." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 142, no. 1 (August 2001): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1010-6030(01)00489-0.

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6

Walker, Q. David, and Richard B. Mailman. "Triadimefon and Triadimenol: Effects on Monoamine Uptake and Release." Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 139, no. 2 (August 1996): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/taap.1996.0161.

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7

Garrison, Arthur W., Jimmy K. Avants, and W. Jack Jones. "Microbial Transformation of Triadimefon to Triadimenol in Soils: Selective Production Rates of Triadimenol Stereoisomers Affect Exposure and Risk." Environmental Science & Technology 45, no. 6 (March 15, 2011): 2186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es103430s.

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8

Garcia, J. E., J. Kirchhoff, and F. Grossmann. "Abbauverhalten von triadimefon und seinem metaboliten triadimenol in einer weizenmonokultur." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 25, no. 4 (August 1990): 473–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03601239009372701.

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9

Sannino, Anna, Mirella Bandini, and Luciana Bolzoni. "Multiresidue Determination of 19 Fungicides in Processed Fruits and Vegetables by Capillary Gas Chromatography after Gel Permeation Chromatography." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 82, no. 5 (September 1, 1999): 1229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/82.5.1229.

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Abstract A gas chromatographic (GC) method was developed for simultaneous determination of 19 fungicides (chlorothalonil, vinclozolin, dichlofuanid, triadimefon, penconazole, chlozolinate, captan, procymidone, triadimenol, folpet, hexaconazole, myclobutanil, cyproconazole, propiconazole, nuarimol, captafol, iprodione, fenarimol, and bitertanol) and the acaricide tetradifon in tomato puree, peach nectar, orange juice, and canned peas. Samples were extracted with acetone, partitioned with ethyl acetate-cyclohexane (50 + 50, v/v), and cleaned using gel permeation chromatography with ethyl acetate-cyclohexane (50 + 50, v/v) as eluant. The final extract was analyzed by GC with ion trap mass spectrometry (ITMS) using a DB5 capillary column. Recoveries from fortified samples ranged from 74.6 to 99.3%, except for triadimenol and bitertanol. Quantitation limits for most anlytes were between 0.005 and 0.050 mg/kg. The purified extracts were analyzed further by GC with electron capture and nitrogen phosphorus detection, and the results were compared with those obtained by ITMS.

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10

Clark, Terence, and David A. M. Watkins. "Photolysis of triadimenol." Chemosphere 15, no. 6 (January 1986): 765–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(86)90043-3.

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11

MENEGOLA, ELENA, MARIA L. BROCCIA, FRANCESCA DI RENZO, MARIANGELA PRATI, and ERMINIO GIAVINI. "IN VITRO TERATOGENIC POTENTIAL OF TWO ANTIFUNGAL TRIAZOLES: TRIADIMEFON AND TRIADIMENOL." In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal 36, no. 2 (2000): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1290/1071-2690(2000)036<0088:ivtpot>2.0.co;2.

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12

MENEGOLA, ELENA, MARIA L. BROCCIA, FRANCESCA DI RENZO, MARIANGELA PRATI, and ERMINIO GIAVINI. "IN VITRO TERATOGENIC POTENTIAL OF TWO ANTIFUNGAL TRIAZOLES: TRIADIMEFON AND TRIADIMENOL." In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology--Animal 36, no. 2 (February 2000): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1290/1071-2690(2000)036<0088:ivtpot>2.3.co;2.

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13

Petrovic, A. Martin, Roger G. Young, Joseph G. Ebel, and Donald J. Lisk. "Conversion of triadimefon fungicide to triadimenol during leaching through turfgrass soils." Chemosphere 26, no. 8 (April 1993): 1549–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(93)90223-r.

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14

Wang, Yinghuan, Dingyi Yu, Peng Xu, Baoyuan Guo, Yanfeng Zhang, Jianzhong Li, and Huili Wang. "Stereoselective metabolism, distribution, and bioaccumulation brof triadimefon and triadimenol in lizards." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 107 (September 2014): 276–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.06.021.

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15

Shen, Qiuxuan, Jitong Li, Peng Xu, Wei Li, Guoqiang Zhuang, and Yinghuan Wang. "Enantioselective metabolism of triadimefon and its chiral metabolite triadimenol in lizards." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 143 (September 2017): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.05.024.

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16

GOULART, AUGUSTO C. P. "Efeito do tratamento de sementes de algodão com fungicidas no controle do tombamento de plântulas causado por Rhizoctonia solani." Fitopatologia Brasileira 27, no. 4 (July 2002): 399–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-41582002000400011.

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Este trabalho foi desenvolvido na Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste, em Dourados, MS, e teve por objetivo avaliar a eficiência de alguns fungicidas, aplicados no tratamento de sementes de algodão (Gossypium hirsutum), no controle do tombamento de plântulas causado por Rhizoctonia solani. Foi realizado teste em casa de vegetação, utilizando a cultivar DeltaOpal. Sementes tratadas e não tratadas com fungicidas foram semeadas em areia contida em bandejas plásticas, dispostas em orifícios individuais, eqüidistantes e a 3 cm de profundidade. A inoculação com R. solani foi feita pela distribuição homogênea do inóculo do fungo na superfície do substrato. O fungo foi cultivado por 35 dias em sementes de aveia autoclavadas e trituradas em moinho (1 mm). Foram utilizados 9 g de inóculo por bandeja de areia. Foi observado efeito do tratamento fungicida na emergência inicial e final de plântulas, com destaque para triadimenol + pencycuron + tolylfluanid e triadimenol + tolylfluanid, seguidos de carboxin + thiram, triadimenol e carboxin + thiram + carbendazim. Os tratamentos mais eficientes no controle do tombamento de pós-emergência do algodoeiro foi obtido com a mistura triadimenol + pencycuron + tolylfluanid, seguida de triadimenol, triadimenol + tolylfluanid e carboxin+thiram. Nenhum dos fungicidas testados foi fitotóxico ao algodão.

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17

Garcia Júnior, Daniel, Marta Helena Vechiato, and José Otávio Machado Menten. "Efeito de fungicidas no controle de Fusarium graminearum, germinação, emergência e altura de plântulas em sementes de trigo." Summa Phytopathologica 34, no. 3 (September 2008): 280–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-54052008000300018.

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Visando avaliar o efeito do tratamento químico na incidência de Fusarium graminearum, bem como na germinação, emergência e altura de plântulas, sementes de trigo da cultivar BR 18 Terena foram tratadas com os seguintes fungicidas nas respectivas doses de i.a./ 100 kg de sementes: captana (150,0 g), tiofanato metílico (75,0 mL), triflumizole (45,0 g), triticonazole (45,0 mL), triadimenol (13,5 mL), tolyfluanida (75,0 g), tebuconazole (5,0 mL), fludioxonil (5,0 mL), difeconazole (30,0 mL) e thiabendazole (30,0 mL). Em laboratório os fungicidas triflumizol, triadimenol, triticonazole, thiabendazole e tiofanato metílico reduziram significativamente a incidência de F. graminearum nas sementes em relação à testemunha. Thiabendazole e tiofanato metílico foram superiores ao triflumizol e triadimenol; os demais fungicidas comportaram-se de maneira semelhantes à testemunha. Não houve influência dos fungicidas na germinação das sementes. Em casa de vegetação a emergência e velocidade de emergência de plântulas, também não foram afetadas. Por outro lado, triadimenol interferiu negativamente na altura de plântulas aos sete DAS e captana, trticonazole, tebuconazole e triadimenol aos 14 DAS.

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18

Khan, TN, and KJ Young. "Effects of fungicide seed dressings and fungicide-treated fertiliser on the severity of leaf diseases and yield of barley in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 29, no. 4 (1989): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9890565.

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Standard and increased rates of seed dressings with triadimenol, flutriafol and experimental formulations of flutriafol, and triadimefon and flutriafol coated on double superphosphate and drilled at sowing were assessed for control of leaf diseases of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Stirling). Scald, (Rhynchosporium secalis (Oud.) Davis), powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei March.) and Drechslera verticillata (O'Gara) Shoem. appeared in various experiments. Fungicide-coated fertilisers provided the most disease control for the longest duration, triadimefon coated fertiliser increasing yield by up to 30%. Fungicide-treated fertilisers therefore show great promise in increasing the level and duration of disease control as well as the yield of barley where foliar diseases are known to be a problem.

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19

Albuquerque, M. A., C. E. R. Schaefer, E. G. Loures, and L. Zambolim. "Persistência do fungicida triadimenol em solos." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 22, no. 2 (June 1998): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06831998000200022.

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O grau de persistência do fungicida triadimenol, que é utilizado intensamente no controle da ferrugem do cafeeiro, foi avaliado em amostras de duas classes de solo, Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo câmbico (PV) e Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo variação Una (LU) da região de Viçosa, MG, com e sem adição de composto orgânico. Utilizou-se a técnica de bioautografia em camada fina. O triadimenol foi adicionado a 375 mg kg-1 de ingrediente ativo de solo, e as extrações dos resíduos fungitóxicos foram feitas 35, 70 e 115 dias após a incorporação aos solos, mantendo-se os tratamentos em condições de laboratório. A adição de composto orgânico não provocou variação significativa na degradação de triadimenol nos solos. Houve diferenças entre os solos na cinética de degradação do triadimenol, tendo no Podzólico ocorrido maiores taxas de degradação, possivelmente pela maior fertilidade natural, retenção de água e propriedades físicas e condições hídricas mais favoráveis à degradação microbiana. Nas condições do presente estudo e pela taxa de degradação verificada, o triadimenol pode ser considerado moderadamente persistente.

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20

Li, Jie, Huiyu Liu, Zhaoqi Guo, Mingyan Yang, Jirong Song, and Haixia Ma. "Two Cu(ii)-triadimenol complexes as potential fungicides: synergistic actions and DFT calculations." RSC Advances 8, no. 6 (2018): 2933–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra10572j.

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Two Cu(ii) complexes of triadimenol show greater antifungal activities than the ligand triadimenol. Moreover, the synergistic interactions and DFT calculations were both carried out to elucidate the reasons for the enhanced bioactivities.

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21

Jin, Zhong, Yan Hu, Ling Shao, and Jianxin Fang. "Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Ferrocene‐Substituted Triadimefon‐ and Triadimenol‐Analogues." Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic, Metal-Organic, and Nano-Metal Chemistry 37, no. 8 (October 1, 2007): 601–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15533170701608791.

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22

del Nozal, M. J., L. Toribio, J. L. Bernal, and N. Castaño. "Separation of triadimefon and triadimenol enantiomers and diastereoisomers by supercritical fluid chromatography." Journal of Chromatography A 986, no. 1 (January 2003): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(02)01920-9.

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23

Garcia G., J. E., J. Kirchhoff, and F. Grossmann. "Bildung und abbau von triadimenol nach anwendung von triadimefon in einer weizenmonokultur." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 26, no. 4 (August 1991): 427–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03601239109372746.

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24

Deas, A. H. B., G. A. Carter, T. Clark, D. R. Clifford, and C. S. James. "The enantiomeric composition of triadimenol produced during metabolism of triadimefon by fungi." Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 26, no. 1 (August 1986): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-3575(86)90057-x.

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25

Petrovic, A. Martin, Roger G. Young, Christine A. Sanchirico, and Donald J. Lisk. "Triadimenol in turfgrass lysimeter leachates after fall application of triadimefon and overwintering." Chemosphere 29, no. 2 (July 1994): 415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(94)90115-5.

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26

Roman, Diana Larisa, Denisa Ioana Voiculescu, Madalina Filip, Vasile Ostafe, and Adriana Isvoran. "Effects of Triazole Fungicides on Soil Microbiota and on the Activities of Enzymes Found in Soil: A Review." Agriculture 11, no. 9 (September 17, 2021): 893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11090893.

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Triazole fungicides can manifest toxicity to a wide range of non-target organisms. Within this study we present a systematic review of the effects produced on the soil microbiota and activity of soil enzymes by the following triazole fungicides: cyproconazole, difenoconazole, epoxiconazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, paclobutrazole, propiconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimenol, triadimefon, and triticonazole. Known effects of the triazole fungicides on the soil activity are dose dependent. High doses of triazole fungicides strongly affects the structure of the microbial communities in soil and usually decrease the soil microbial population and the activities of enzymes found in soil.

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27

Garc�a-G., J. E. "Improved method for the determination of triadimefon, triadimenol-A, and triadimenol-B in wheat plants (triticum aestivum L.) and soil samples by gas chromatography." Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry 339, no. 6 (1991): 402–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00322358.

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28

Garcia, Danton Camacho, Valmor Barni, and Luiz Augusto Dettmann. "FUNGICIDAS PARA O CONTROLE DA FERRUGEM DO ALHO." Ciência Rural 24, no. 1 (1994): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84781994000100006.

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RESUMO Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de diferentes fungicidas no controle da ferrugem do alho (Ailium sativum L.), cultivar Quitéria, conduziu-se um experimento no município de Rio Grande, RS. O plantio foi realizado em 23 de julho e a colheita dos bulbos em 07 de Dezembro de 1987. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de diferentes fungicidas aplicados nas plantas das parcelas, cujas dimensões foram de 4,0m x 1,20m. Os tratamentos que propiciaram, simultaneamente, os menores índices de infecção de pústulas e os maiores rendimentos de bulbos foram mancozeb, triadimefon, triadimenol, propiconazole e RH 7592.

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29

Gusta, L. V., B. J. O'Connor, G. P. Lafond, and H. M. Austenson. "The effect of fungicides and plant growth regulators applied as a seed treatment on the freezing tolerance of winter wheat." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 74, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps94-012.

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Several plant growth regulators and fungicides, which inhibit gibberellin synthesis, were tested for their effect on the development of freezing tolerance of winter wheats (Triticum aestivum em Thell). Seeds of Norstar and Norwin were treated with either triadimenol; prochloraz, alone or in combination with imazalil; tetcyclasis; and carbathiin. The first four compounds are potent plant growth regulators that inhibit the production of gibberellins. The first three compounds, triadimenol, prochloraz and imazalil are also registered seed fungicides. Carbathiin, also a seed fungicide, has no known plant growth regulator activity. Prochloraz alone or in combination with imazalil and carbathiin initially delayed germination of both cultivars; after 144 h, however, germination was 90% or better for all treatments except the seeds of Norwin treated with carbathiin which were only 84% germinable. None of the fungicides increased the freezing tolerance of the Norstar crowns; however, carbathiin, tetcyclasis, triadimenol, prochloraz alone and in combination with imazalil (intermediate rate) reduced freezing tolerance. The freezing tolerance of Norwin, a semi-dwarf winter wheat, was reduced by tetcyclasis at the low and intermediate rate. In samples collected in the spring, the carbathiin treatment reduced the freezing tolerance of both Norwin and Norstar. None of the treatments affected the growth of the Norstar crowns in late October. Only triadimenol (intermediate rate) and tetcyclasis (intermediate and high rate) increased the crown moisture content. The carbathiin seed treatment increased the growth of Norwin crowns in the autumn. Nearly all of the treatments increased the crown moisture content of the Norwin crowns. In estimating spring vigour, only triadimenol (low rate) and tetcyclasis (intermediate rate) increased the leaf number of Norstar crowns, whereas nearly all treatments except tetcyclasis (intermediate rate) and prochloraz alone or in combination with imazalil increased leaf number of Norwin crowns. All rates of triadimenol and tetcyclasis, at the low rate, stimulated development of more roots for Norwin. The above seed treatment provide little or no benefit for the survival of winter wheats to a freezing stress. Key words: Winter wheat, seed treatment, fungicides, freezing tolerance

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30

Sheridan, J. Edmund, Nick Grbavac, and Mary H. Sheridan. "Triadimenol insensitivity in Pyrenophora teres." Transactions of the British Mycological Society 85, no. 2 (September 1985): 338–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-1536(85)80198-4.

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31

Zauza, Edival Ângelo Valverde, Michele Margarido Fonseca Couto, Luiz Ântonio Maffia, and Acelino Couto Alfenas. "Eficiência de fungicidas sistêmicos no controle da ferrugem do Eucalyptus." Revista Árvore 32, no. 5 (October 2008): 829–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-67622008000500007.

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Avaliaram-se os efeitos curativo e protetor e o tempo de absorção de fungicidas sistêmicos no controle da ferrugem do eucalipto. Azoxyztrobin, triadimenol, tetraconazole, tebuconazole e epoxiconazole + pyraclostrobin apresentaram 100% de ação curativa quando aplicados até quatro dias após a inoculação. Aplicados após sete dias, apenas azoxystrobin, tebuconazole e epoxiconazole + pyraclostrobin mantiveram o efeito curativo. Aos 10 dias depois da inoculação, os fungicidas reduziram a infecção, mas não controlaram totalmente a doença. Além do efeito curativo, azoxystrobin e triadimenol proporcionaram efeito protetor quando aplicados até 21 dias antes da inoculação de P. psidii. Avaliou-se o tempo mínimo de absorção de azoxystrobin, tebuconazole, triadimenol e trifloxystrobin. Esses quatro fungicidas foram absorvidos pela planta em todos os intervalos testados - 30, 60, 90 e 120 min - e inibiram a infecção de P. psidii em mudas de eucalipto.

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32

González, Miguel, and Evelio García. "Evaluación de fungicidas en el control de la roya del frijol (Uromyces appendiculatus)." Agronomía Mesoamericana 7, no. 1 (June 2, 2016): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/am.v7i1.24795.

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Five trials using a randomized complete block design with four replicates were performed to determine the effectiveness of several fungicide treatments against the bean rust as well as their effect on yields. The chemicals screened were bitertanol, diclobutrazol, diniconazole, hexaconazole, iprodione, metiram, oxycarboxin, penconazole, pyracarbolid, triadimefon, triadimenol and tridemorph + maneb which were compared with sulphur, used as standard and with an untreated check plot. The best results were obtained with Bitertanol 30 EC, Hexaconazole 5 SC and Oxycarboxin 75 WP sprayed at 0.5 kg/ha on a 14 days interval. No significative differences were found among the treatments, which statistically excelled Sulphur 80 WP sprayed weekly at 3 kg/ha and raised the yields significantly inrelation with it.

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Liang, Hongwu, Li Li, Jing Qiu, Wei Li, Shuming Yang, Zhiqiang Zhou, and Lihong Qiu. "Stereoselective transformation of triadimefon to metabolite triadimenol in wheat and soil under field conditions." Journal of Hazardous Materials 260 (September 2013): 929–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.06.046.

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34

Li, Jitong, Yinghuan Wang, Wei Li, Peng Xu, Baoyuan Guo, Jianzhong Li, and Huili Wang. "Tissue distribution and metabolism of triadimefon and triadimenol enantiomers in Chinese lizards ( Eremias argus )." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 142 (August 2017): 284–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.035.

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Kong, Zhiqiang, Minmin Li, Jieying Chen, Yuming Bao, Bei Fan, Frédéric Francis, and Xiaofeng Dai. "Processing factors of triadimefon and triadimenol in barley brewing based on response surface methodology." Food Control 64 (June 2016): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.12.021.

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36

Wu, Yuan S., Hian K. Lee, and Sam F. Y. Li. "Simultaneous chiral separation of triadimefon and triadimenol by sulfated β-cyclodextrin-mediated capillary electrophoresis." Electrophoresis 21, no. 8 (May 1, 2000): 1611–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1522-2683(20000501)21:8<1611::aid-elps1611>3.0.co;2-u.

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37

May De Mio, Louise Larissa, and Lucimeris Ruaro. "Métodos de avaliação da ferrugem do álamo e eficiência de fungicidas no seu controle." Revista Árvore 32, no. 5 (October 2008): 837–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-67622008000500008.

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A ferrugem do álamo (Melampsora medusae Thuem.) causa sérios prejuízos no viveiro, e seu controle é fundamental para a obtenção de muda de boa qualidade. Este trabalho teve como objetivos: i) testar a eficiência de fungicidas de contato (mancozebe, cartap e oxicloreto de cobre) e sistêmicos (triadimenol, tebuconazole e difenoconazole) no controle da ferrugem; ii) comparar métodos de avaliação para discriminar a eficiência entre os tratamentos; iii) relacionar desfolha com dados de doença; e iv) verificar a influência do controle da ferrugem nos parâmetros de crescimento da árvore em viveiro. O experimento foi montado em São Mateus do Sul, PR, delineado inteiramente ao acaso com 10 tratamentos (testemunha, triadimenol, mancozebe, tebuconazole, difenoconazole, cartap, oxicloreto de cobre, triadimenol-mancozebe, tebuconazole-mancozebe e triadimenol aplicados com o dobro do intervalo dos anteriores) e 11 repetições. Com parcelas experimentais de 10 m de largura com quatro linhas de plantio (espaçamento entre linhas de 2,5 e entre plantas de 0,50 m), totalizando 110 parcelas com o clone Latorre. Durante dois ciclos consecutivos foram avaliados: o número de pústulas em meia folha, a % visual de doença, a severidade por parcela, a % visual de desfolha, o diâmetro à altura do peito e a altura de plantas ao final do experimento. Os produtos sistêmicos (triadimenol, tebuconazole e difenoconazole) aplicados puros ou intercalados com mancozebe foram eficientes no controle da ferrugem, reduzindo o número de pústulas sobre a folha e a desfolha, o que resultou em ganho significativo no volume final das plantas. O mancozebe aplicado isoladamente também reduziu a epidemia e aumentou o volume da árvore em 42%. O produto cúprico proporcionou aumento de volume em 27%. Os métodos de avaliação utilizados diferenciaram dos tratamentos e houve correlação da doença com os danos na cultura.

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38

Loughman, R., and TN Khan. "Effect of fungicide seed dressings on leaf stripe of barley caused by Pyrenophora graminea S. Ito Kuribay." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 4 (1993): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930465.

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Eight fungicide seed dressings were evaluated in the southern cereal belt of Western Australia for control of barley leaf stripe caused by Pyrenophora graminea. Flutriafol (100 �g/g seed) and triadimenol plus imazalil (225 + 75 �g/g seed) were most effective. Control of leaf stripe with other fungicides depended on location. Imazalil appeared to be the ingredient most active against leaf stripe. Flutriafol and triadimenol plus imazalil offer effective control of leaf stripe and other endemic diseases (loose smut, powdery mildew, and scald) in the southern cereal belt.

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Peever, Tobin L. "Inheritance of Triadimenol Resistance inPyrenophora teres." Phytopathology 82, no. 8 (1992): 821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-82-821.

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40

Kenneke, John F., Christopher S. Mazur, Susan E. Ritger, and Thomas J. Sack. "Mechanistic Investigation of the Noncytochrome P450-Mediated Metabolism of Triadimefon to Triadimenol in Hepatic Microsomes." Chemical Research in Toxicology 21, no. 10 (October 20, 2008): 1997–2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/tx800211t.

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41

Groppelli, Silvia, Roberta Pennati, Fiorenza De Bernardi, Elena Menegola, Erminio Giavini, and Cristina Sotgia. "Teratogenic effects of two antifungal triazoles, triadimefon and triadimenol, on Xenopus laevis development: Craniofacial defects." Aquatic Toxicology 73, no. 4 (July 2005): 370–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.04.004.

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42

Colcol, Jeneylyne F., Lynn Esther Rallos, and Anton B. Baudoin. "Sensitivity of Erysiphe necator to Demethylation Inhibitor Fungicides in Virginia." Plant Disease 96, no. 1 (January 2012): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-10-0883.

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Grape powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) isolates were collected from 2005 to 2007 from vineyards mostly in Virginia but also some in Maryland, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania. Using a leaf disc assay, the isolates were tested against five demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides. Most isolates exhibited reduced sensitivity to the five DMIs when compared with a sensitive group (n = 12) and compared with unexposed populations reported from other areas. The median resistance factor (RF) was highest for tebuconazole (RF = 399) and myclobutanil (RF = 378), followed by triflumizole (RF = 70), triadimefon (RF = 62), and fenarimol (RF = 44). The sensitive group used as the basis for comparison appears to have been more sensitive than unexposed isolates in New York and California. Our finding that the greatest resistance shift occurred with tebuconazole and myclobutanil contrasts with earlier reports from New York and California, where the greatest resistance shift was observed with triadimefon or triadimenol. Sensitivities to all five DMI fungicides were strongly correlated (pairwise r values of 0.70 to 0.87) but our data suggest that some may retain greater utility than others.

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Stepanovic, Milos, Emil Rekanovic, Svetlana Milijasevic-Marcic, Ivana Potocnik, Biljana Todorovic, and Jelena Stepanovic. "Field efficacy of different fungicide mixtures in control of net blotch on barley." Pesticidi i fitomedicina 31, no. 1-2 (2016): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pif1602051s.

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Seven fungicide mixtures (epoxiconazol + metconazole, boscalid + epoxiconazole, pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole, prothioconazole + tebuconazole, picoxistrobin + cyproconazole, azoxystrobin + cyproconazole and spiroxamine + tebuconazole + triadimenol) were evaluated for control of net blotch of barley caused by Drechslera teres, as well as yield losses, over the 2010 and 2011 growing seasons. Two applications of the fungicide combination pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole at the rate of 1.0 l ha-1 were the most effective treatment in controlling the disease and improving yield in both experimental years. Treatments with the fungicide mixtures epoxiconazol + metconazole and spiroxamine + tebuconazole + triadimenol showed the least effectiveness in disease control, as well as yield increase.

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Anderson, CR, and TJ Wicks. "Reduced control of powdery mildew (Uncinula necator Schw.) when sterol demethylation inhibiting fungicides are mixed with cupric hydroxide." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 4 (1993): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930503.

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The efficacy of myclobutanil, triadimenol, and propiconazole was significantly reduced when recommended rates were mixed with cupric hydroxide and applied to control powdery mildew (Uncinula necator) on grape. In 6 field experiments conducted over 2 growing seasons and on 4 grape cultivars, the incidence and severity of powdery mildew on bunches increased following addition of copper to the sterol demethylation inhibiting fungicides. On Rhine Riesling, 4 applications of either 31.25 mg myclobutanil/L or 25 mg triadimenol/L controlled powdery mildew, whereas, 1.25 g cupric hydroxide/L with these fungicides resulted in 53 and 62% of bunches infected, respectively.

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45

Delon, R., and MN Pululu. "The Chemical Control of Tobacco Black Root Rot." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 14, no. 3 (January 1, 1989): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0599.

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AbstractWith the development of flue-cured and Burley tobacco culture in France, black root rot, caused by Chalaraelegans (Thielaviopsisbasicola), is becoming a problem. Since 1981 the Bergerac Tobacco Institute has studied the efficacy of new endotherapeutic fungicides of the triazole family. Among these, triadimenol was found to be the most effective. The treatment method consists of spraying tobacco plants with a triadimenolsolution 48 to 72 hours before transplanting. This method appears to be an economic and efficient means to control tobacco black root rot in the field. Treatment of young tobacco plants with triadimenol strongly stimulates rhizogenesis and this favours strengthening of the tobacco plants in the field.

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46

Joyce, DC, AJ Shorter, and PN Jones. "A triazole compound extends the vase life of Geraldton waxflower." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 1 (1996): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9960117.

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A triazole compound, triadimenol, and metluidide were evaluated as vase solution ingredients for Geraldton waxflower. It was anticipated, on the basis of published literature, that these chemicals might induce endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation and associated stomatal closure, thereby providing an improved water balance. Triadimenol (10 mg/L) generally extended both foliage and flower vase life for the 3 cultivars of Geraldton waxflower studied. However, the increased longevity was associated with greater, rather than less, vase solution usage. Therefore, stomatal closure was not induced, and the beneficial effect was evidently not a function of significantly increased endogenous ABA levels. Mefluidide did not extend the vase life of Geraldton waxflower.

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47

Zhao, Liuwei, Fengmao Liu, Liming Wu, Xiaofeng Xue, and Fan Hou. "Fate of triadimefon and its metabolite triadimenol in jujube samples during jujube wine and vinegar processing." Food Control 73 (March 2017): 468–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.08.039.

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Kong, Zhiqiang, Rui Quan, Bei Fan, Yonghong Liao, Jieyin Chen, Minmin Li, and Xiaofeng Dai. "Stereoselective behaviors of the fungicide triadimefon and its metabolite triadimenol during malt storage and beer brewing." Journal of Hazardous Materials 400 (December 2020): 123238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123238.

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Chitarra, Luiz Gonzaga, Augusto César Pereira Goulart, and Maria de Fátima Zorato. "Tratamento de sementes de algodoeiro com fungicidas no controle de patógenos causadores de tombamento de plântulas." Revista Brasileira de Sementes 31, no. 1 (2009): 168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-31222009000100019.

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Dentre as doenças que incidem sobre o algodoeiro, o "tombamento" é considerado uma das principais, sendo causado por um complexo de fungos de solo e da semente, os quais, ocorrendo separadamente ou em combinação, podem ocasionar o tombamento de pré e pós-emergência das plântulas. Os principais agentes etiológicos do tombamento são Rhizoctonia solani Khun, Colletotrichum gossypii South e Colletotrichum gossypii South var. cephalosporioides Costa. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diversos fungicidas, utilizados em tratamento de sementes de algodão, no controle de patógenos associados às sementes e/ou presentes no solo. Sementes livres de patógenos, não-inoculadas e inoculadas com Colletotrichum gossypii var. cephalosporioides(Cgc)), foram tratadas com tolylfluanid + pencycuron + triadimenol, carboxin + thiram e fluazinam + tiofanato metílico. No teste de emergência em areia, o tratamento testemunha inoculada com Cgc apresentou o menor índice de emergência. O maior índice de emergência ocorreu em sementes sem inoculação e tratadas com tolylfluanid + pencycuron + triadimenol. O tratamento mais eficiente no controle do tombamento de pós-emergência do algodoeiro, em substratos contendo Rhizoctonia solani, foi a mistura tolylfluanid + pencycuron + triadimenol. No campo, a maior incidência e severidade da ramulose, causada por Cgc, ocorreu em plantas provenientes de sementes não tratadas com fungicidas e inoculadas com Cgc. Nenhum dos fungicidas testados foi fitotóxico ao algodão.

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Rampim, Leandro, Andréia Cristina Peres Rodrigues-Costa, Herbert Nacke, Jeferson Klein, and Vandeir Francisco Guimarães. "Qualidade fisiológica de sementes de três cultivares de trigo submetidas à inoculação e diferentes tratamentos." Revista Brasileira de Sementes 34, no. 4 (2012): 678–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-31222012000400020.

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Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de trigo submetidas aos tratamentos com bioestimulante, triadimenol e Azospirillum brasilense. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, quatro repetições, esquema fatorial 3x8, três cultivares de trigo e oito tratamentos de sementes. As cultivares foram CD-150, CD-116 e CD-104, e os tratamentos foram obtidos da combinação entre: 150 g.L-1 de triadimenol (TRI); 90 mg.L-1 de cinetina + 50 mg.L-1 de ácido giberélico + 50 mg.L-1 de ácido indolbutírico (CGA) e estirpes Ab-V5 e Ab-V6 de A. brasilense na concentração de 2,0 x 10(8) células viáveis mL-1 (AZO), organizados da seguinte forma: testemunha; TRI; CGA; AZO; TRI+CGA; TRI+AZO; CGA+AZO e TRI+CGA+AZO. Foi avaliada a germinação e plântulas anormais (%); comprimento da parte aérea, hipocótilo e raiz; diâmetro do hipocótilo; número de raiz; massa seca da parte aérea e raiz, e a relação raiz/parte aérea. Os resultados evidenciaram que: os tratamentos não influenciaram a germinação; o bioestimulante e Azospirillum brasilense isolados ou em associação proporcionaram incrementos no desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas de trigo, e o triadimenol isolado ou associado com bioestimulante ou A. brasilense proporcionou menores valores de comprimento da parte aérea, hipocótilo, raiz e número de raiz, independente da cultivar testada.

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