Relevant bibliographies by topics / Triacylglycerols

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Triacylglycerols'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Triacylglycerols"

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Osagie, Anthony U., and Maureen E. Bafor. "Triacylglycerols of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis var. dura) mesocarp during fruit maturation." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 68, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o90-043.

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Changes in triacylglycerol pattern in the mesocarp of developing oil palm fruit were studied. The triacylglycerols were isolated by thin-layer chromatography of the neutral lipid fraction on silica gel plates and further resolved by argentation chromatography. The component fatty acids of individual triacylglycerols were analysed and particular distributions and changes were noted. The triacylglycerol content increased with mesocarp age, accounting for over 90% of the mature mesocarp neutral lipids. The immature fruit mesocarp triacylglycerols contained predominantly saturated fatty acids, whereas the major fatty acid component of the mature fruit mesocarp triacylglycerols was monounsaturated. Only one species of triacylglycerol was present in the mesocarp during the first 14 weeks after anthesis. Three triacylglycerol species were present at 16 weeks after anthesis, whereas six triacylglycerol species were identified from 17 weeks on.Key words: Elaeis guineensis, oil palm mesocarp, triacylglycerols, fatty acids, maturation.
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Chen, Z. Y., and S. C. Cunnane. "Preferential retention of linoleic acid-enriched triacylglycerols in liver and serum during fasting." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 263, no. 2 (August 1, 1992): R233—R239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1992.263.2.r233.

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Fasting has been reported to quantitatively increase linoleic and arachidonic acids in liver triacylglycerols, but the origin and mechanism of this change are unknown. The changes in long-chain fatty acids and triacylglycerol species of liver, serum, adipose tissue, and heart were therefore examined during a period of 24- or 48-h fasting in the rat. In liver and serum triacylglycerols, fasting resulted in a quantitative increase in arachidonic, stearic, linoleic, alpha-linolenic, and docosahexaenoic acids but a decrease in oleic, palmitic, and palmitoleic acids. After fasting, oleic acid was depleted the most from liver and serum triacylglycerols followed by palmitoleic and palmitic acids. Triacylglycerol species containing palmitic, palmitoleic, and oleic acids were depleted the most from liver and serum during fasting. Linoleic acid-enriched triacylglycerol species were proportionally and, in some cases, quantitatively increased in liver and serum triacylglycerols during fasting. Net retention of triacylglycerol species with a total acyl carbon number of 56 or 58 in the liver and 60 in serum was also observed during fasting. Selective retention of triacylglycerol species did not occur in the heart or perirenal or epididymal adipose tissue during fasting. Tissue phospholipid fatty acids were largely unaffected by fasting. Our data suggest that during fasting, long-chain fatty acids released from adipose tissue are differentially utilized and hepatic triacylglycerol species are remodeled, permitting optimal tissue composition of essential fatty acids, particularly linoleic acid.
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Calder, P. C., P. Yaqoob, and E. A. Newsholme. "Triacylglycerol metabolism by lymphocytes and the effect of triacylglycerols on lymphocyte proliferation." Biochemical Journal 298, no. 3 (March 15, 1994): 605–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2980605.

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This study investigates the ability of lymphocytes to utilize fatty acids originating from triacylglycerols and the effect of triacylglycerols upon mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation. Lymphocytes isolated from rat lymph nodes, spleen, thymus and lymphatic duct had a lipoprotein lipase activity of approx. 10 units/mg of protein, indicating that the fatty acids of circulating triacylglycerols are accessible to these cells. In culture lymph node lymphocytes hydrolysed triacylglycerols added to the medium as emulsions. Both non-esterified fatty acids and free glycerol appeared in the cell culture medium, but their concentrations indicated that a high proportion of each (65-90% of fatty acids and 60-80% of glycerol) was taken up by the cells. The incorporation and fate of triacylglycerol-fatty acids was studied by culturing the cells in the presence of tri[3H]oleoylglycerol or tri[14C]inoleoylglycerol. Both fatty acids were incorporated into lymphocyte lipids in a time-dependent manner; linoleic acid was incorporated at a significantly greater rate than oleic acid. The majority of oleic acid (greater than 70%) was incorporated into cellular triacylglycerol, while less than 10% was incorporated into phospholipids. In contrast, linoleic acid incorporation into cellular triacylglycerol never exceeded 25%, while up to 45% was incorporated into phospholipids. Triacylglycerols containing polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibited concanavalin A-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner; triacylglycerols containing saturated fatty acids or oleic acid were not inhibitory. Such direct effects of certain triacylglycerols on lymphocyte function may explain why some clinical trials of polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich diets have been successful in improving the condition of patients suffering from inflammatory diseases.
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Yakimovich, I. Yu, D. A. Borodin, I. K. Podrezov, V. V. Ivanov, V. N. Vasiliyev, and M. Yu Kotlovsky. "EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL EXERCISES ON TRIACYLGLYCEROL LEVEL IN SKELETAL MUSCLES IN DIETARY-INDUCED OBESE RATS." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 13, no. 1 (February 28, 2014): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2014-1-92-97.

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The accumulation of triacylglycerol in peripheral tissues is one of mechanisms of insulin resistance. This paper presents the investigation of the influence of aerobic and anaerobic physical exercises on triacylglycerol level in skeletal muscles and on insulin resistance in dietary-induced obese rats. It is estimated that a high-energy (HE) diet causes the accumulation of triacylglycerols in skeletal muscles that leads to high resistance to insulin. Aerobic and anaerobic physical exercises reduce the level of triacylglycerols in skeletal muscles and raise sensitivity to insulin in obese rats. Physical exercises raise the level of triacylglycerols in skeletal muscles in standard-diet rats that probably is the adaptation to high energy expenditure, but does not lead to high insulin resistance.
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Isler, Dorothea, Charistine Moeglen, Nigel Gains, and Marcel K. Meier. "Effect of the lipase inhibitor orlistat and of dietary lipid on the absorption of radiolabelled triolein, tri-γ-linolenin and tripalmitin in mice." British Journal of Nutrition 73, no. 6 (June 1995): 851–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19950090.

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Orlistat, a selective inhibitor of gastrointestinal lipases, was used to investigate triacylglycerol absorption. Using mice and a variety of emulsified dietary lipids we found that the absorption of radiolabelled tripalmitin (containing the fatty acid 16:0), but not of triolein (18: 1n−9) or tri-γ-linolenin (18:3n−6), was incomplete from meals rich in esterified palmitate. Further, the absorption of radiolabelled tri-γ-linolenin, from both saturated and unsaturated dietary triacylglycerols, was 1·3- to 2-fold more potently inhibited by orlistat than that of triolein and tripalmitin. These radiolabelled triacylglycerols, which have the same fatty acid in all three positions, may not always be accurate markers of the absorption of dietary triacylglycerols. Orlistat was more effective at inhibiting the absorption of radiolabelled triacylglycerols with which it was codissolved than those added separately, which indicates that equilibration between lipid phases in the stomach may not always be complete. The saturation of the dietary lipid had little or no effect on the potency of orlistat. Orlistat provides a novel approach for studying the role of triacylglycerol hydrolysis in the overall process of triacylglycerol absorption.
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Zárubová, M., V. Filip, J. Šmidrkal, T. Kůtek, and I. Piska. "The separation of triacylglycerols using unpolar and medium polar capillary columns." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 22, SI - Chem. Reactions in Foods V (January 1, 2004): S123—S126. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10633-cjfs.

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Commercial by supplied triacylglycerols and synthesized triacylglycerols were used in this project. Analysed triacylglycerols with the range of carbon number (CN) 24–54 consisted of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Two capillary columns were used in the analyses of triacylglycerols, namely non-polar (Optima<sup>®</sup>-1-TG) and medium polar (Optima<sup>®</sup>-17-TG) types. In this study the effectiveness of separation (A) of triacylglycerols with different carbon number values, (B) of triacylglycerols with different unsaturation degree, (C) of positional isomers were determined and further possibilities to separate another lipid compounds were analysed. The column Optima<sup>®</sup>-17-TG separates TAG according to the degree of unsaturation while the column Optima<sup>®</sup>-1-TG separates saturated and unsaturated TAG. High temperature capillary gas chromatography was used to determine changes in triacylglycerol composition during the transesterification of structured fats.
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Christie, W. W., and M. L. Hunter. "Metabolism of the diacetyl derivatives of stereoisomeric monoacyl-sn-glycerols by rat adipocytes in vitro." Biochemical Journal 235, no. 3 (May 1, 1986): 833–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2350833.

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Diacetyl long-chain 1(3)- and 2-acyl-sn-glycerols containing either [9,10-3H]oleic acid or [1-14C]palmitic acid were synthesized by partial hydrolysis of the corresponding labelled triacylglycerols and acetylation. They were obtained in a high degree of stereochemical purity by preparative h.p.l.c. on a column containing a diol bonded phase. Each compound was rapidly metabolized by adipocyte preparations in vitro, and a high proportion of the label was recovered in the unesterified fatty acid and triacylglycerol fractions. Negligible amounts of intermediate products of hydrolysis were detected. Triacylglycerols were formed from [9,10-3H]oleic acid and from diacetyl-1(3)-[9,10-3H]oleoyl glycerol precursors at about the same rate, but the 2-isomer was metabolized rather more slowly. The results were consistent with the hypothesis that essentially complete hydrolysis occurred in the medium or at the plasma membrane, through the actions of lipoprotein lipase and monoacylglycerol lipase, and that subsequent esterification took place within the cell. To confirm that no putative intermediate monoacylglycerols were utilized for triacylglycerol biosynthesis via the monacylglycerol pathway, the positional distributions of fatty acids in triacylglycerols from each substrate were determined. No positional selectivity was observed. It was concluded that monoacylglycerols, of an origin exogenous to the tissue, e.g. those derived from plasma triacylglycerols, were not utilized to a significant degree for triacylglycerol biosynthesis in adipose tissue. The diacetyl derivatives of monoacylglycerols may serve as useful stereochemical probes in studies of triacylglycerol biosynthesis via the monoacylglycerol pathway in other tissues.
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Karpe, F., A. S. Bickerton, L. Hodson, B. A. Fielding, G. D. Tan, and K. N. Frayn. "Removal of triacylglycerols from chylomicrons and VLDL by capillary beds: the basis of lipoprotein remnant formation." Biochemical Society Transactions 35, no. 3 (May 22, 2007): 472–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0350472.

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The triacylglycerol content of chylomicrons and VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein) compete for the same lipolytic pathway in the capillary beds. Although chylomicron triacylglycerols appear to be the favoured substrate for lipoprotein lipase, VLDL particles compete in numbers. Methods to quantify the specific triacylglycerol removal from VLDL and chylomicrons may involve endogenous labelling of the triacylglycerol substrate with stable isotopes in combination with arteriovenous blood sampling in humans. Arteriovenous quantification of remnant lipoproteins suggests that adipose tissue with its high lipoprotein lipase activity is a principal site for generation of remnant lipoproteins. Under circumstances of reduced efficiency in the removal of triacylglycerols from lipoproteins, there is accumulation of remnant lipoproteins, which are potentially atherogenic.
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Field, F. J., E. Born, H. Chen, S. Murthy, and S. N. Mathur. "Lysophosphatidylcholine increases the secretion of cholesteryl ester-poor triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins by CaCo-2 cells." Biochemical Journal 304, no. 1 (November 15, 1994): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3040035.

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To address the effect of lysophosphatidylcholine on triacylglycerol transport in intestine, CaCo-2 cells, grown on semipermeable supports, were incubated with lysophosphatidylcholine solubilized in 1 mM taurocholate. [14C]Palmitoyllysophosphatidylcholine was readily taken up and incorporated predominantly into cellular phospholipids, particularly phosphatidylcholine. Twenty-five percent of the label was found in triacylglycerols. Compared with labelled cellular phospholipids, labelled triacylglycerols were preferentially secreted. Lysophosphatidylcholine caused a profound decrease in cholesteryl ester synthesis and secretion, whereas cellular triacylglycerol mass and triacylglycerol synthesis and secretion were increased. The effect was more pronounced with oleoyllysophosphatidylcholine than with either palmitoyl- or stearyl-lysophosphatidylcholine. Lysophosphatidylcholine increased the secretion of immunoreactive and newly-synthesized apoprotein B (apoB) without altering the rate of apoB synthesis. Thus, luminal lysophosphatidylcholine and/or its uptake decreases cholesterol esterification and secretion, but increases triacylglycerol synthesis and secretion, triacylglycerol mass accumulation and the secretion of apoB by CaCo-2 cells.
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Schieferle, Sebastian, Beeke Tappe, Pamela Korte, Martin J. Mueller, and Susanne Berger. "Pathogens and Elicitors Induce Local and Systemic Changes in Triacylglycerol Metabolism in Roots and in Leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana." Biology 10, no. 9 (September 16, 2021): 920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10090920.

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Interaction of plants with the environment affects lipid metabolism. Changes in the pattern of phospholipids have been reported in response to abiotic stress, particularly accumulation of triacylglycerols, but less is known about the alteration of lipid metabolism in response to biotic stress and leaves have been more intensively studied than roots. This work investigates the levels of lipids in roots as well as leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana in response to pathogens and elicitor molecules by UPLC-TOF-MS. Triacylglycerol levels increased in roots and systemically in leaves upon treatment of roots with the fungus Verticillium longisporum. Upon spray infection of leaves with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, triacylglycerols accumulated locally in leaves but not in roots. Treatment of roots with a bacterial lipopolysaccharide elicitor induced a strong triacylglycerol accumulation in roots and leaves. Induction of the expression of the bacterial effector AVRRPM1 resulted in a dramatic increase of triacylglycerol levels in leaves, indicating that elicitor molecules are sufficient to induce accumulation of triacylglycerols. These results give insight into local and systemic changes to lipid metabolism in roots and leaves in response to biotic stresses.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Triacylglycerols"

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Liu, Qintao. "Conversion of triacylglycerols into monoacylglycerols by penicillium roquefortii." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1998. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/3098/.

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The synthesis and use of monoacylglycerols in food systems havc been reviewed. The use of monoacylglycerols alone or in combination with free fatty acids as food preservatives has been discussed. Model systems have been devised to produce monoacylglycerols (MAGs) from butter and Shea oils with two strains of Penicillium roquefortii, FRR 2456 (isolated from a spoilt melon) and Wisbey PJ (a commercial dairy strain) A semi-micro method was developed using Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography (PTLC) and Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) of the MAG trimethylsilyl ether derivatives to determine the identification, fatty acid composition and structural isomers of the individual MAG. The main monoacylglycerols produced by spores and emerging mycelium were 1(3)-monoacylsn-lycerols (in suspension culture). Monopalmitin was the major MAG from butter and Shea oils. Monoacylglycerols produced by fungal mycelium (in solid-state culture) were mainly the 1 (3 )-monoacyl-sn-glycerols although approximately 30% were present as 2-monoacyl-snglycerols. Again the main MAG was monopalmitin. It suggested that P. roquefortii produced two lipases, one during germination with specificity to the sn-2 position in the original triacylglycerols (TAGs) and one L3-specific during growth of the fungal mycelium. In addition, flavour compounds, methyl ketones and y-lactones, were found in solid-state culture. The composition of the MAGs formed by lipolysis using a commercial lipase (E.C.3.1.1.3) with 1,3- specificity gave the expected 2-isomers when butter oil was the substrate but gave 1 (3)monostearin rather than the expected 2-monoolein when Shea oil was the substrate. It suggested that acyl migration occurred due to the reactive nature of the original oleate group at the sn-2 position in the Shea oil TAGs. There were no significant differences with fungal strain or temperature of incubation (10 °C and 25°C) on the composition of the MAGs. The mechanism of formation of MAGs from butter and Shea oils has been discussed. It has been suggested that l(3)-MAGs together with free fatty acids may be part of a natural antimicrobial system in high pH foods such as blue mould-ripened cheese where growth of foodborne pathogens such as Listeria monoGytogcnes can be a problem from time to time
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Griffiths, David John. "The synthesis and physical properties of selected triacylglycerols." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14171.

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The study of triacylglycerol interactions in the solid phase and their behaviour during crystallisation requires the availability of individual triacylglycerols of proven positional and structural purity. The aim of this work was to prepare some specific triacylglycerols and to examine their crystallisation behaviour as individual samples and in binary mixtures with each other. The first part of this thesis details the synthesis of glycerol 1-stearate 2-caprate 3-palmitate, glycerol 1-stearate 2-oleate 3-palmitate, glycerol 1-stearate 2-elaidate 3-palmitate, glycerol 1-stearate 2,3-dimyristate and glycerol 1,3-dipalmitate 2-laurate. The unsaturated acids used were isolated from olive oil and modified where required. Methods of analysis for quantitative purity determination are given. The second part of the thesis involves the examination of the selected triacylglycerols by methods of X-ray powder diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The triacylglycerols prepared as described were supplemented by lipid samples from other sources [glycerol 1-stearate 2-laurate 3-myristate, glycerol 1-stearate 2-myristate 3-laurate, glycerol 1-palmitate 2-stearate 3-oleate, glycerol 1-palmitate 2,3-dielaidate, glycerol 1,2,3-triarachidate, glycerol 1,2,3-triplamitate, glycerol 1, 2,3-tristearate and cocoa butter]. The polymorphic forms of samples prepared from solvent and from thermal conditioning were obtained. Five pairs of the triacylglycerols were chosen for examination as binary mixtures. The preparation methods and result detailed and summarised in temperature vs. composition (phase) diagrams.
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Hishamuddin, Elina. "Partitioning of triacylglycerols in the fractional crystallisation of palm oil." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14091.

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Palm oil is industrially fractionated on a large scale to yield a liquid olein (OL) product composed primarily of low melting triacylglycerols (TAGs) and a solid stearin (ST) product primarily of high melting TAGs. The physical and chemical properties of these fractionated products differ greatly from the original oil, and have added value. The aim of the work presented in this thesis is to study the partitioning of TAGs during the fractional crystallisation of palm oil and how this relates to their theoretical thermodynamic driving forces for crystallisation. Palm oil was studied under isothermal, non-isothermal and postcrystallisation stepwise remelting conditions. Filtered OL and ST products from the experiments were analysed for their TAG compositions by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Raw composition results showed fully saturated TAGs partitioning significantly to the ST phase, but little difference was observed in the compositions of the more unsaturated TAGs between the OL and ST (it would be expected that these would naturally concentrate in the OL). These observations are attributed to high levels of entrained liquid in the filter retentate, which has also been previously reported in the literature. A correction method based on the assumption that no triunsaturated TAGs should be able to crystallise to any significant extent was proposed to recalculate "true" ST compositions. These calculations indicated very high levels of entrainment (with the retentate possessing more liquid than solid), with typically only about 10% of palm oil TAGs crystallising despite forming a thick slurry. Although this assumption has not been directly verified, the corrected compositions showed behaviour that was very consistent with that which would be expected from thermodynamic driving force considerations. In the isothermal and non-isothermal studies conducted, the corrected ST composition revealed that PPP and other saturated TAGs showed the fastest transformation into the ST phase, followed by POP and other monounsaturated TAGs which predominated only once the saturated TAGs had been depleted from the OL phase. Slightly higher concentrations of PPP were achieved at higher isothermal temperatures (in isothermal studies) and lower cooling rates (in non-isothermal studies). Remelting studies on palm oil revealed that the melting process was largely dominated by trisaturated TAGs. This work has also demonstrated that the Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement (FBRM) technique was capable of detecting particle size and population numbers within the crystallising palm oil system and is a useful probe for detecting multiple events occuring in the crystalliser such as nucleation, melting, agglomeration and deagglomeration.
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Lacey, Dominic Jamie. "Synthesis of triacylglycerols in developing seeds of Brassica napus L." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338217.

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Bayés-García, Laura. "Polymorphism and Solid State Miscibility of Triacylglycerols. Application to Food Authentication." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129313.

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Esta tesis se basa fundamentalmente en el estudio in situ del polimorfismo de triacilgliceroles (TAGs) mayoritarios de aceites y grasas alimentarios, la determinación del comportamiento de fases de algunas de sus mezclas binarias, y la aplicación del polimorfismo como herramienta para la autentificación de productos alimentarios. Se ha llevado a cabo la caracterización polimórfica de los TAGs POP, OPO, POO, POL, SOO, OOO y OOL, básicamente utilizando una combinación de calorimetría diferencial de barrido y difracción de rayos X con radiación sincrotrón (SAXD y WAXD). Así, se han podido monitorizar los procesos dinámicos de cristalización y las transiciones polimórficas cuando las muestras se sometían a diferentes velocidades de enfriamiento y calentamiento. Los resultados obtenidos son directamente aplicables a procesos de cristalización de aceites y grasas alimentarios, con la finalidad de obtener las propiedades deseadas del producto final, utilizando los tratamientos térmicos más eficientes. Para comprender las interacciones intermoleculares que tienen lugar entre TAGs, se ha determinado los diagramas de fases de las mezclas PPO-OPO, PPO-POO y POO-OPO. Se ha observado un comportamiento eutéctico para el sistema PPO-OPO, mientras que en los sistemas PPO-POO y POO-OPO se formaba un compuesto molecular (co-cristal) metaestable, que tendía a separarse en los componentes de origen. Mediante el uso de difracción de rayos X con micro-haz de radiación sincrotrón, se han analizado las microestructuras heterogenias de mezclas de POP-OPO. El estudio de estos agregados cristalinos esferulíticos es directamente aplicable a procesos de fraccionamiento del aceite de palma. Con la finalidad de comprender muestras grasas más complejas, se ha caracterizado el complejo comportamiento polimórfico de mezclas multi-componente de 3 a 6 TAGs. Para el caso particular del aceite de oliva, el comportamiento polimórfico viene básicamente determinado por los TAGs mayoritarios, mientras que los componentes minoritarios parecen desarrollar un papel menos crucial. Finalmente, se ha aplicado el comportamiento polimórfico como herramienta para la autentificación y detección de fraudes en productos alimentarios. Ha sido posible determinar adiciones fraudulentas de aceite de avellana en aceite de oliva virgen extra en concentraciones inferiores al 5%, y se han podido establecer diferencias muy significativas en grasas de jamones Ibéricos de las categorías cebo y bellota.
Lipids, together with proteins and carbohydrates are major nutrients and also employed as lipophilic materials in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Alimentary and industrial fats and oils (such as vegetable oils, margarine, chocolate, and confectionery fats) mainly consist of triacylglycerols (TAGs), whose molecules involve different types of fatty acid moieties. TAGs show a complicated crystallization behavior. The physicochemical properties of a TAG molecule are determined by the nature and compositions of the three fatty acid moieties. These properties must be studied not only in their pure systems but also in mixed systems. In particular, studies on binary mixture systems provide valuable information about molecular interactions among different lipid materials. This PhD thesis is based on the study of the in situ polymorphic characterization of the main TAGs of some vegetable and animal fats and oils, some of their mixtures and the use of the polymorphic behavior of edible fats and oils as a tool to determine their authentication. The polymorphic study of the triacylglycerols POP, OPO, POO, POL, SOO, OOO and OOL was in situ characterized by mainly using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction (SR-XRD) with SAXD and WAXD simultaneous measurement. The combined usage of DSC and SR-XRD or laboratory-scale X-ray diffraction enabled us to monitor the occurrence and transformation behavior at different rates of cooling and heating. The results obtained are closely related to actual crystallization processes of edible fats and oils, in which most functional polymorphic forms can be obtained by applying the most efficient thermal treatments. We also determined the phase behavior of binary mixtures of mixed-acid TAGs containing palmitic and oleic fatty acids (i.e. PPO-OPO, PPO-POO and POO-OPO). PPO-OPO system revealed an eutectic behavior, whereas PPO-POO and POO-OPO were molecular compound-forming. Long incubation periods were needed in order to thermodynamically stabilize the binary mixtures, and the results demonstrated that molecular compounds of PPO-POO and POO-OPO were metastable and tended to separate into the pure TAG components. On the other hand, microstructures of spherulites of POP-OPO binary mixtures were analyzed in neat liquid and solution (n-dodecane) systems by using synchrotron radiation microbeam X-ray diffraction (SR-mu-XRD). Due to a molecular compound formation at the 50:50 concentration ratio, 75POP:25OPO and 25POP:75OPO compositions were characterized to study how the microstructures of spherulites of the TAGs mixtures are determined when the molecular compound crystals and POP or OPO component crystals can be formed competitively. Studies of these heterogeneous microstructures in neat liquid and solution are applicable to palm oil fractionation processes by dry and solvent methods. In an attempt to make an approach to complex natural fatty samples, such as olive oil, the polymorphism of multicomponent mixtures (from 3 to 6 TAG components) was analyzed and discussed. Thus, we observed that the polymorphic behavior of an extra virgin olive oil from the Arbequina olive variety was mainly influenced by its main TAGs, whereas apparently minor components did not develop a crucial role. Furthermore, we also used the polymorphic behavior of natural fat and oils (virgin and extra virgin olive oil, and Iberian ham fat) as a tool to determine authenticity (different ham categories depending on the fattening system used) and detection of adulterations (fraudulent additions of hazelnut oil in olive oil). The combined use of DSC and preliminary chemometric calculations permitted determining fraudulent additions of raw hazelnut oil in an extra virgin olive oil (Arbequina) at concentrations below 5%. On the other hand, highly significant differences were detected in the polymorphic behavior of Iberian ham fat from the bellota and cebo categories.
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Dudd, Stephanie Noelle. "Molecular and isotopic characterisation of animal fats in archaeological pottery." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/2253912b-90e0-4d49-b045-959a53719dc8.

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Dziubajlo, Maria. "Factors affecting the composition and physical properties of pig adipose tissue triacylglycerols." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46754.

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Acheampong, Akwasi. "Development of lc-ms method to identify triacylglycerols in resinous seed oils." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112083.

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Cette thèse a consisté à développer une nouvelle stratégie analytique en utilisant le couplage chromatographie liquide - spectrométrie de masse (LC-MSn) afin d’identifier dans les huiles et corps gras, les triglycérides (TAGs) et leur régio-spécificité. Cette méthodologie analytique générale a été appliquée à 8 huiles de graine de résineux en particulier, à l’huile de pignon de Pinus Koraiensis car ses TAGs sont constitués d’acides gras, possédant une double liaison en position Δ5, non-méthylène alternée, susceptibles de jouer un rôle anti-cholestérol chez l’homme.La thèse se décompose en quatre chapitres: les deux premiers, bibliographiques, traitent respectivement de la taxonomie des 8 résineux étudiés, de la composition en acide gras (AG) de leur graine et des techniques analytiques déjà décrites pour caractériser les TAGs. Le troisième chapitre, expérimental, est dédié au développement de nouvelles stratégies analytiques NARP-LC-MSn mises en place pour identifier les TAGs présents dans les huiles et plus particulièrement à l’huile de pignon de Pinus Koraiensis. Grâce à l’ajout post colonne de sel d’argent, il a été possible de déterminer de manière non ambigüe la structure de tous les TAGs d’un lipide, même ceux présents en faible quantité, par Ag+-NARP-LC-MS mais aussi de déterminer la structure de chaque AG constitutif d’un TAG par fragmentation de l’adduit moléculaire par Ag+-NARP-LC-MS2. Le problème de la distinction des TAGs ayant la même masse moléculaire, les mêmes longueurs de chaine mais des positions de double liaisons différentes, a été résolu en développant une méthode d’identification des TAGs à partir des lois de rétention chromatographiques qui relient linéairement le logarithme du facteur de rétention de chaque TAG soit au nombre total de carbone soit au nombre total de double liaisons. Cette étude a permis d’identifier 22 nouveaux TAGs parmi un nombre total de 58 TAGs caractérisés. Elle a amené la preuve que le résidu AG saturé à 17 atomes de carbone est ramifié et non linéaire. Elle a mis en évidence la présence de trois AGs constitutifs qui n’ont jamais été décrit: 19:1, 19:2 et 24:0 dans l’huile de pignon de Pinus Koraiensis. Le quatrième chapitre porte sur le développement de trois méthodes de détermination de la régiospécificité des TAGs, grâce à la seule SM: (1) une méthode Ag+-NARP-LC-ESI-MS2 utilisant les rapports des ions diglycériques des TAGs. Il en ressort que cette méthode n’est pas assez fiable pour déterminer la structure des TAGs. (2) la seconde méthode fait appel à des expériences MS4/ MS5 sur les adduits argent des TAGs. Elle s’avère pertinente à condition d’avoir à disposition les couples de TAGs standards. (3) enfin une troisième méthode, utilisant la MS2, s’appuie sur le principe de la méthode de dissociation compétitive d’une paire [TAGref – Li -TAG]+. En utilisant la méthode des ajouts dosés il est montré qu’elle ne nécessite que de la disponibilité d’un seul des deux TAGs stéréoisomères comme standard.Ces méthodes originales ont permis, malgré leurs limites respectives de caractériser la régiospécificité d’un certain nombre de TAGs présents dans l’huile de graine de Pinus Koraiensis
This thesis consisted of developing a new analytical strategy using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MSn) to identify in oils and fats, triglycerides (TAGs) and their regio-specificity. The general analytical methodology was applied to 8 conifers seed oils, in particular, the seed oil of Pinus koraiensis. These conifer seed oils differ from common edible vegetable oils by having a series of unusual polyunsaturated fatty acids (UPIFA) with a polymethylene-interrupted (PMI) double bond system and a double bond at the 5 position which may have anti-cholesterol properties. This thesis is composed of four chapters: the two first chapters, literature review, are devoted respectively to TAGs of the 8 resinous seed oils studied and analytical techniques already used. The third chapter is dedicated to the development of a new analytical strategy combining HPLC with mass spectrometry method to identify TAGs in Pinus Koraiensis seed oil. Thanks to post column addition of silver salt, it was possible to determine the TAGs present by Ag+-NARP-LC-MS and also the fatty acids composition of the TAGs by Ag+-NARP-LC-MS2. Concerning the distinction between TAGs with the same mass, same chain length but differing positions of double bond on fatty acid chain, it was determined by chromatographic retention rules which link linearly the logarithm of retention factor of each TAG to the total carbon number or the total number of double bonds. This study has identified 22 new TAGs from a total of 58 TAGs characterized. It confirmed the knowledge that the saturated fatty acid with 17 carbon atoms is branched, not linear. It highlighted the presence of three constituent fatty acids that have never been described: 19:1, 19:2 and 24:0 in the seed oil of Pinus koraiensis. The last experimental part is devoted to the regiospecificity determination of TAGs. Three methodologies were developed. The first one used the ratios of diacylglycerol ions of TAGs but was not reliable enough. The second method used the LC-MS4 experiments (It is relevant if they have available couples of TAG standards). Finally, a third method, using MS2, based on the principle of the method of competitive dissociation of a pair [TAGref - Li-TAG] +. Using the method of standard additions it has been shown that it requires the availability of one of the two stereoisomers TAGs as a standard.These methods provide a significantly different approach to regioisomer characterization of TAGs and overcome most of the shortcomings of existing methodologies
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Lopez, Christelle. "Contribution à l'étude de la cristallisation des triacylglycerols : application aux émulsions laitières." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066453.

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Filippou, Androulla. "The acute and chronic effects of palmitic acid-rich triacylglycerols on cardiovascular risk." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2012. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-acute-and-chronic-effects-of-palmitic-acidrich-triacylglycerols-on-cardiovascular-risk(34c8ae7a-5aea-47df-88a4-0c77a566db15).html.

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The thesis investigated the hypothesis that differences in the triacylglycerol structure of palmitic acid-rich fats influence lipid metabolism and glucose/insulin homeostasis. A review of the literature and acute test meal and chronic feeding studies were conducted in human subjects. Postprandial changes in plasma lipids, apolipoprotein-B48, glucose, C-peptide, insulin, and glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) were compared in healthy men (n=25) and women (n=25) following meals providing 50g fat as high-oleic sunflower oil (HOS; control), palm olein (PO), interesterified palm olein (IPO), and lard (0.6, 9.2, 39.1, and 70.5 mol% 16:0 respectively at sn-2) using a randomized crossover design. The sn-2-rich meals elicited lower triacylglycerol concentrations up to 3 h and a lower incremental area under the curve after lard vs. HOS and PO meals. GIP concentrations were lower following the lard and IPO meals vs. HOS and IPO but there were no significant changes in insulin, C-peptide and glucose. The effects of consuming PO (control) vs. IPO vs. HOS on insulin release (measured as increases in C-peptide in response to a test meal) were investigated in healthy Malaysian men (n=10) and women (n=31). Test fats (45g/d) were incorporated into daily meals, and following a 2-week run-in period on the PO diet (30% energy fat; 20% energy PO), participants were randomly allocated to the PO or IPO or HOS diets for three consecutive 6-week periods. No differences between diets in C-peptide secretion, insulin sensitivity or postprandial glucose were observed. The HOS diet lowered total- and LDL-cholesterol, and apolipoprotein-B100 compared with the IPO and PO diets. The work described does not support the assertion that palmitic acid in the sn-2 position has adverse effects on lipid metabolism or glucose/insulin homeostasis compared to that in the sn-1 and sn-3 position. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the food industry.
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Books on the topic "Triacylglycerols"

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Rainer, Huopalahti, Kallio H, Lapveteläinen Anja, Turun yliopisto Elintarvikekemian laboratorio, Turun yliopisto. Central Hospital. Dept. of Pediatrics., and Symposium on Food Chemistry (10th : 1990 : University of Turku), eds. Triacylglycerols and nutrition: Research status and future : University of Turku, 4-5 January, 1990. [Turku: The University, 1990.

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Paul, Woolley, Petersen Steffen B, and Nordisk industrifond, eds. Lipases: Their structure, biochemistry, and application. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

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Koman, Václav. Štruktúry lipidov: Príspevok ku komplexnému štúdiu izomérov mastných kyselín a triacylglycerolov. Bratislava: Veda, 1986.

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Sandager, Line. Genes and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of triacylglycerol in plants and yeast. Alnarp: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2001.

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Triacylglycerol metabolism in rat skeletal muscle following exercise. 1989.

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Gill, Jason Martin Regnald. Postprandial studies of moderate exercise and triacylglycerol metabolism. 1999.

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Triacylglycerol metabolism in rat skeletal muscle following exercise. 1989.

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Lipases: Their Structure, Biochemistry and Application. Cambridge University Press, 1994.

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Yang, Lu Ying *. A comparative study of triacylglycerol biosynthesis via the monocylglyerol and phosphatidic acid pathways in rat small intestine. 1991.

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Vogt, Janet Anne. An evaluation of the effects of the colonic fermentation of L-rhamnose and lactulose on biosynthesis and serum concentrations of cholesterol and triacylglycerol-fatty acids and serum short-chain fatty acids in humans. 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Triacylglycerols"

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Bayés-García, L., M. À. Cuevas-Diarte, and T. Calvet. "Triacylglycerols." In Physical Chemistry in Action, 269–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68727-4_11.

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Calvo, María V., Manuela Juárez, and Javier Fontecha. "Triacylglycerols in Dairy Foods." In Handbook of Dairy Foods Analysis, 171–93. 2nd ed. Second edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429342967-9.

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Řezanka, Tomáš, Michal Řezanka, and Karel Sigler. "Regioisomeric Analysis of Triacylglycerols." In Encyclopedia of Lipidomics, 1–11. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7864-1_113-1.

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Kuksis, Arnis, and Richard Lehner. "Intestinal Synthesis of Triacylglycerols." In Intestinal Lipid Metabolism, 185–213. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1195-3_11.

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Bryant, John A. "Fatty Acids, Triacylglycerols and Biodiesel." In Biofuels and Bioenergy, 105–18. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118350553.ch6.

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DeMichele, Stephen J., and Bruce R. Bistrian. "Structured Triacylglycerols in Clinical Nutrition." In Intestinal Lipid Metabolism, 403–19. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1195-3_22.

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Byrdwell, William Craig. "Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry of Triacylglycerols." In Encyclopedia of Lipidomics, 1–11. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7864-1_80-1.

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Cvačka, Josef, and Edita Kofroňová. "Computer-Assisted Interpretation of Triacylglycerols Mass Spectra." In Lipidomics, 295–316. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-325-1_17.

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Raffournier, C., M. Ollivon, P. Couvreur, and C. Dubernet. "Solubility of triacylglycerols or stearylamine in phospholipid vesicles." In Trends in Colloid and Interface Science XVII, 6–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b93988.

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Alvarez, H. M., O. M. Herrero, M. P. Lanfranconi, R. A. Silva, and M. S. Villalba. "Biotechnological Production and Significance of Triacylglycerols and Wax Esters." In Consequences of Microbial Interactions with Hydrocarbons, Oils, and Lipids: Production of Fuels and Chemicals, 1–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31421-1_222-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Triacylglycerols"

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Mazzanti, Gianfranco. "Prenucleation Structuring in Liquid Triacylglycerols: Navigating a Non-ideal Landscape." In Virtual 2021 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/am21.189.

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Wright, Amanda. "Crystallinity of Emulsified Triacylglycerols Modulates Lipemic Response in Healthy Male Participants." In Virtual 2021 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/am21.227.

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Golodnizky, Daniel, Carlos E. S. Bernardes, Maya Davidovich-Pinhas, Ronit Bitton, and Yulia Shmidov. "Isotropic liquid state of triacylglycerols: The starting point of fats and oils crystallization." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/ggfh1118.

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Over the years, several models of triacylglycerol (TAG) molecular conformations and bulk arrangements in isotropic liquid state have been proposed and are still up for debate. This organization is the starting state, from which the molecules self-assemble and form the initial stable nucleus, which then grows to form the solid crystal. The current research aims to explore the isotropic liquid state, while focusing on its impact on nucleation and crystal formation. This aim was addressed by implementing experimental methods, such as X-ray diffraction and small-angle X-ray scattering coupled with a computational method, such as molecular dynamics simulation. These techniques were used to study tristearin and triolein as models for saturated and unsaturated TAGs, respectively. Four different conformations were suggested for the two TAGs, and the results showed conformation abundancy in the order: trident (Tr) > chair (Ch) > propeller (Pr) > tuning-fork (Tf). The existence of clusters was demonstrated, each of which exhibited a heterogeneous distribution of conformations. The preferability to find a specific pair of conformations next to each other was analyzed and, surprisingly, it was found that Tf will preferably pair only with Tr although Tf is the preferable conformation in most crystal polymorphs. High general conversion rates from any conformation to another, and high specific conversion rates from and to the Tf conformation were calculated. It is proposed that the high conversion rates observed enable the crystallization process, despite the low proportion of Tf molecules. Overall, the results confirm the formation of specific structures in the liquid state, which combine all previously suggested models and further expand the knowledge using experimental and computational tools.
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Bukowski, Michael, and Matthew Picklo. "Simple, Rapid Lipidomic Analysis of Triacylglycerols in Bovine Milk by Infusion-electrospray mass Spectrometry." In Virtual 2021 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists’ Society (AOCS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/am21.17.

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Mawarni, Ruli Retno, Indriana Purwaningsih, Nur Huda, Juwari, and Setiyo Gunawan. "Simulation of triacylglycerols separation from crude Calophyllum inophyllum oil with batchwise solvent extraction method." In 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGETICS, CIVIL AND AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING 2021 (ICECAE 2021). AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0110992.

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Kandrac, Morgan, and Karen Schaich. "Epoxides are major products in oxidation of methyl oleate and linoleate and their triacylglycerols." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/wbbv6226.

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Lipid autoxidation poses a significant problem for stabilizing sensory quality, nutritional value, and chemical safety of lipid containing foods. Peroxide value and volatile carbonyls are the most measured markers to assess oxidation, but products such as epoxides and alcohols are now being identified and quantified in foods. The mechanisms and conditions under which other products form are poorly understood, particularly how lipid structure and oxidation conditions affect reaction pathways, products, and rates. This research paper aims to show how number of double bonds affects oxidation product formation, how oxidation temperature affects reaction rates and product formation and decomposition, and how open or closed packaging systems affect reaction rates.Methyl oleate and methyl linoleate were autoxidized neat and incubated at 25, 40, or 60 °C for various incubation periods. Class assays for quantification of oxidation products included the following: conjugated dienes by UV absorbance at 233 nm; peroxide value by reaction with TPP; epoxide value by reaction with diethydithiocarbamate; soluble carbonyls by reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. Direct separation of oxidation products was performed using NP-HPLC with detection and quantitation by UV and Corona Charged Aerosol (CAD) detection. Alternate autoxidation products competed with the formation of hydroperoxides in both autoxidizing oleate and linoleate. Epoxides were found to be the dominant product in oleate autoxidized at 25 C, reaching a maximum value of 69.2 mmol/mol lipid, while peroxide value reached a maximum of 23.71 mmol/mol lipid. Epoxides were also found to be a major product in linoleate autoxidation reaching a maximum value of 357.5 mmol/mol lipid at 25 C, while peroxide value reached a maximum of 357.1 mmol/mol lipid. For both oxidized oleate and linoleate, rate of epoxide formation competed with that of hydroperoxides, demonstrating that alternate reactions are active and important in directing the reaction rates and product distributions of autoxidizing lipids.
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Alkotami, Linah, Brice Jarvis, Chaofu Lu, Doug Allen, Jianhui Zhang, John Sedbrook, Kathleen Schuler, Somnath Koley, and Timothy Durrett. "Targeted genome editing of industrial oilseed crops to enhance synthesis of functional lipids." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/orfd6797.

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Acetyl-triacylglycerols (acetyl-TAG) produced in the seeds of different Euonymus species are triacylglycerols (TAG) that possess an sn-3 acetate group instead of a long chain fatty acid. This unusual structure confers useful properties to acetyl-TAG, including reduced kinematic viscosity and improved cold temperature performance. Acetyl-TAG are synthesized by unique diacylglycerol acetyltransferases (DAcTs), expressed in the endosperm of Euonymus seeds, that use acetyl-CoA to acetylate the sn-3 position of diacylglycerol (DAG) molecules. Isolation and expression of DAcT enzymes from different Euonymus species has resulted in the successful accumulation of high levels of acetyl-TAG in different oil seed crops. For example, expression of EfDAcT isolated from E. fortunei caused acetyl-TAG levels of 81 mol% in camelina seeds and 51 mol% in pennycress. To increase acetyl-CoA supply for EfDAcT, CRISPR-based genome editing was used to generate mutations in FATTY ACID ELONGASE1 (FAE1) genes in both camelina and pennycress. FAE1 is a component of the fatty acid elongase complex that uses acetyl-CoA to produce the very long-chain fatty acids found in the seed oil of Brassicaceae species. Consistent with the hypothesis that eliminating FAE1 function results in more acetyl-CoA availability for acetyl-TAG synthesis, expression of EfDAcT in fae1 mutants resulted in very high levels of acetyl-TAG accumulation. This was particularly evident in pennycress fae1 lines where acetyl-TAG levels exceeded 95 mol% in the best transgenic lines. These results demonstrate the usefulness of genome editing to modify the genetic background of oilseed crops to enhance production of a targeted product.
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Holcapek, Michal. "Comprehensive analysis of lipids: From plant oil analysis towards lipidomic cancer screening." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/wqnw2781.

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The analysis of lipids as biomolecules involved in numerous metabolic pathways has attracted my attention since the beginning of my scientific carrier. My first article was published in 1999 on the monitoring of biodiesel production by LC/MS [1] and then continued with further work on the detailed characterization of triacylglycerols in plant oils and animal fats. We developed various LC/MS methods for the analysis of all existing types of triacylglycerol isomers, including regioisomers, double bond (DB) positional isomers [2], DB geometrical isomers [3] up to enantiomers [4]. Later, we moved towards comprehensive lipidomic analysis of multiple lipid classes of phospholipid, sphingolipid, glycerolipid, fatty acyl, and sterol categories with the emphasis on validated quantitative workflows applicable in clinical analysis [5]. The development of LipidQuant 1.0 tool for automated processing of lipidomic data [6] was essential for high-throughput analysis of large clinical cohorts. Finally, the lipidomic profiling of human serum enabled the early detection of pancreatic cancer patients [7]. A similar pattern of lipid dysregulation was observed for other types of cancer [8]. References [1] Holčapek, M. et al., Anal. Chem., 858, 13–31. [2] Lísa, M.; Holčapek, M., Anal. Chem. 2008, 1998–1999, 115–130. [3] Lísa, M.; Velínská, H.; Holčapek, M. Anal. Chem., 81, 3903–3910. [4] Lísa, M.; Holčapek, M. Anal. Chem. 2013, 85, 1852–1859. [5] Holčapek, M.; Liebisch, G.; Ekroos, K. Anal. Chem. 2018, 90, 4249–4257. [6] Wolrab D. et al., Bioinformatics 2021, in press. DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btab644. [7] Wolrab D. et al., Nat. Com. 2021, final revision. Preprint at medRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.22.21249767. [8] Wolrab D., 11, 20322.
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Hojilla-Evangelista, Mila. "Production of Protein Isolate and Mucilage from Camelina Engineered to Produce Acetyl-triacylglycerols (Camelina Acetyl-TAG)." In Virtual 2020 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/am20.233.

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Green, Hilary, and Selina Wang. "Avocado oil chemical composition varies with harvest time, growing region, and fruit quality, demonstrating important considerations for standard development." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/xako6609.

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Avocado oil currently does not have standards in place to regulate its purity or quality. To set appropriate standards, factors that impact the chemical composition of avocado oil need to be better understood. To help address this, fruits from different regions were harvested throughout the year and processed using lab-scale equipment into oil. The oils’ purity (fatty acid profile, sterols, and triacylglycerols) and quality (free fatty acidity, peroxide value, and specific extinction in UV) were determined in addition to minor components such as tocopherols. It was discovered that growing region and harvest time had a greater impact on fatty acid and sterols profiles than using whole fruit verses only flesh to process the oil. The same standards are set for all avocado oils regardless of the country of origin, this finding indicates it will be important to ensure standards can accommodate oils from different regions. In addition, using poor quality fruit to make oil caused a significant increase in the free fatty acidity compared to using good quality fruit at the time of processing. This work determined a baseline for avocado oil quality parameters by extracting oil from ripe, good quality fruit, which can in turn can inform reasonable limits for avocado oil quality standards.
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Reports on the topic "Triacylglycerols"

1

Márquez-Ruiz, Gloria. Determination of Oxidized Monomeric, Dimeric and Oligomeric Triacylglycerols; Diacylglycerols and Free Fatty Acids. AOCS, September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/lipidlibrary.39199.

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Sukenik, Assaf, Paul Roessler, and John Ohlrogge. Biochemical and Physiological Regulation of Lipid Synthesis in Unicellular Algae with Special Emphasis on W-3 Very Long Chain Lipids. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604932.bard.

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Various unicellular algae produce omega-3 (w3) very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFA), which are rarely found in higher plants. In this research and other studies from our laboratories, it has been demonstrated that the marine unicellular alga Nannochloropsis (Eustigmatophyceae) can be used as a reliable and high quality source for the w3 VLC-PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). This alga is widely used in mariculture systems as the primary component of the artificial food chain in fish larvae production, mainly due to its high EPA content. Furthermore, w3 fatty acids are essential for humans as dietary supplements and may have therapeutic benefits. The goal of this research proposal was to understand the physiological and biochemical mechanisms which regulate the synthesis and accumulation of glycerolipids enriched with w3 VLC-PUFA in Nannochloropsis. The results of our studies demonstrate various aspects of lipid synthesis and its regulation in the alga: 1. Variations in lipid class composition imposed by various environmental conditions were determined with special emphasis on the relative abundance of the molecular species of triacylglycerol (TAG) and monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG). 2. The relationships between the cellular content of major glycerolipids (TAG and MGDG) and the enzymes involved in their synthesis were studied. The results suggested the importance of UDP-galactose diacylglycerol galactosyl (UDGT) in regulation of the cellular level of MGDG. In a current effort we have purified UDGT several hundredfold from Nannochloropsis. It is our aim to purify this enzyme to near homogeneity and to produce antibodies against this enzyme in order to provide the tools for elucidation of the biochemical mechanisms that regulate this enzyme and carbon allocation into galactolipids. 3. Our in vitro and in vivo labeling studies indicated the possibility that phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) are associated with desaturation of the structural lipids, whereas shorter chain saturated fatty acids are more likely to be incorporated into TAG. 4. Isolation of several putative mutants of Nannochloropsis which appear to have different lipid and fatty acid compositions than the wild type; a mutant of a special importance that is devoid of EPA was fully characterized. In addition, we could demonstrate the feasibility of Nannochloropsis biomass production for aquaculture and human health: 1) We demonstrated in semi-industrial scale the feasibility of mass production of Nannochloropsis biomass in collaboration with the algae plant NBT in Eilat; 2) Nutritional studies verified the importance algal w3 fatty acids for the development of rats and demonstrated that Nannochloropsis biomass fed to pregnant and lactating rats can benefit their offspring.
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Control of triacylglycerol biosynthesis in plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5745525.

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Control of triacylglycerol biosynthesis in plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6573166.

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Control of triacylglycerol biosynthesis in plants. Technical progress report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10151571.

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Control of triacylglycerol biosynthesis in plants. Technical progress report, [June 1, 1991--May 31, 1992]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10125737.

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