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Journal articles on the topic 'Tri-delivery'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Zhao, Yinan, Shubiao Zhang, Yuan Zhang, Shaohui Cui, Huiying Chen, Defu Zhi, Yuhong Zhen, Shufen Zhang, and Leaf Huang. "Tri-peptide cationic lipids for gene delivery." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 3, no. 1 (2015): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tb01312c.

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2

Norris, Debra A., Joy P. Burke, and Anna L. Speer. "Tri-level service delivery: An alternative consultation model." School Psychology Quarterly 5, no. 2 (1990): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0090605.

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3

Mondal, Pravakar, Hemant H. Alur, and Thomas P. Johnston. "Evaluation of TRI-726 as a drug delivery matrix." Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 37, no. 8 (March 21, 2011): 995–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03639045.2011.555913.

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4

Rao, Shasha, Yunmei Song, Frank Peddie, and Allan M. Evans. "A novel tri-layered buccal mucoadhesive patch for drug delivery: assessment of nicotine delivery." Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 63, no. 6 (May 3, 2011): 794–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01283.x.

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5

Zaw Thin, May, Helen Allan, Robin Bofinger, Tomas D. Kostelec, Simon Guillaume, John J. Connell, P. Stephen Patrick, et al. "Multi-modal imaging probe for assessing the efficiency of stem cell delivery to orthotopic breast tumours." Nanoscale 12, no. 31 (2020): 16570–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr03237a.

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6

Zhao, Y. N., Y. Z. Piao, C. M. Zhang, Y. M. Jiang, A. Liu, S. H. Cui, D. F. Zhi, Y. H. Zhen, and S. B. Zhang. "Replacement of quaternary ammonium headgroups by tri-ornithine in cationic lipids for the improvement of gene delivery in vitro and in vivo." J. Mater. Chem. B 5, no. 39 (2017): 7963–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tb01915g.

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7

Gamache, Raymond F., Kirstin A. Zettlitz, Wen-Ting K. Tsai, Jeffrey Collins, Anna M. Wu, and Jennifer M. Murphy. "Tri-functional platform for construction of modular antibody fragments for in vivo18F-PET or NIRF molecular imaging." Chemical Science 11, no. 7 (2020): 1832–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sc05007h.

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To provide a universal approach towards the targeted delivery of PET and optical imaging agents, we have developed a tri-functional platform (TFP) for the facile construction of modular, target-specific tracers.

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8

Gajendiran, M., and S. Balasubramanian. "Biodegradable Amphiphilic Tri-Block Copolymeric Nanoparticles for Controlled MTB Drug Delivery." Advanced Materials Research 584 (October 2012): 460–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.584.460.

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. A series of biodegradable amphiphilic tri-block copolymers (PLGA–PEG–PLGA) have been derived from the diblock copolymer poly (lactic–co–glycolic acid (PLGA)) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) drug pyrazinamide (PZA) loaded polymer nanoparticles (NPs) have been prepared by probe-sonication followed by w/o/w double emulsification technique. The copolymers have been characterized by FTIR and 1HNMR spectroscopic techniques, TG-DTA analysis, GPC analysis and powder XRD pattern. The MTB drug loaded polymeric NPs have been characterized by FESEM, powder XRD, HRTEM and XPS analysis. The drug loading efficiency, drug content and in vitro drug release studies have been carried out by spectrophotometry. The drug loading efficiency and drug content of triblock copolymeric NPs were higher than these of diblock copolymeric microparticles (MPs). The in vitro drug release studies indicate that the NPs exhibit initial burst release followed by controlled release of PZA for longer durations. The drug release kinetics mechanism has been evaluated by zero order, first order, Korsemeyer-Peppas (KP) and Higuchi models.

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Newby, Gemma E., Erik B. Watkins, Daniel Hermida Merino, Paul A. Staniec, and Oier Bikondoa. "In situ Rheo-GISANS of triblock copolymers: gelation and shear effects on quasi-crystalline structures at interfaces." RSC Advances 5, no. 126 (2015): 104164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra20215a.

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The behaviour of polymeric systems at surfaces and under flow is very important in many applications, from drug delivery to lubrication. Here, we have studied the thermotropic phases formed by a model tri-block copolymer using in situ Rheo-GISANS.

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10

Megawari, Megawari, Djoni Djoni, and Culita Culita. "Analisis dan Perancangan Sistem Pembelian dan Pengolahan TBS pada PT. Tri Bahtera Srikandi." remik 6, no. 1 (November 30, 2021): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33395/remik.v6i1.11223.

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Perkembangan teknologi informasi yang pesat mendorong pelaku usaha untuk mengadopsinya sebagai bagian dalam aktivitas operasionalnya. Salah satunya adalah dengan menerapkan sistem informasi dalam mendukung operasional bisnis dan menghasilkan informasi untuk mendukung pengambilan keputusan. PT. Tri Bahtera Srikandi merupakan salah satu perusahaan di Tandikek yang bergerak dibidang perkebunan dan industri pengolahan tandan buah segar (TBS) menjadi Crude Palm Oil (CPO) yang memiliki pabrik di Desa Tandikek, Kecamatan Ranto Baek, Kabupaten Mandailing Natal. Saat ini, proses pembelian pada PT. Tri Bahtera Srikandi masih dilakukan secara manual dan belum memiliki sistem yang terkomputerisasi. Aktivitas pembelian mulai dari pembuatan kontrak, pembelian dan penerimaan barang masih menggunakan metode konvensional. Hal ini menimbulkan banyak masalah seperti kesalahan pencatatan, data yang duplikat ataupun tidak valid serta kesulitan mengetahui informasi terkait pembelian, penerimaan dan pembayaran. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dan merancang sistem informasi pembelian dan pengolahan data Tandan Buah Segar (TBS) pada PT. Tri Bahtera Srikandi. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah System Development Life Cycle (SDLC). Sistem informasi ini dirancang dengan menggunakan Microsoft Visual Studio 2012 dan Microsoft SQL 2012. Untuk rancangan proses dan alur data dikembangkan dengan menggunakan Data Flow Diagram (DFD). Dari hasil penelitian diperolah rancangan sistem usulan yang dapat memberikan kemudahan dalam mengetahui delivery order dari supplier, menyesuaikan penomoran delivery order dengan kontrak, pengelolaan pembelian, menyajikan laporan yang dibutuhkan dan mempermudah dalam melihat pembayaran. Diharapkan hasil dari analisis dan perancangan sistem informasi ini dapat dijadikan referensi untuk pengembangan sistem informasi pembelian Tandan Buah Segar (TBS) bagi PT. Tri Bahtera Srikandi.

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11

Zhang, Kun, Hangrong Chen, Faqi Li, Qi Wang, Shuguang Zheng, Huixiong Xu, Ming Ma, et al. "A continuous tri-phase transition effect for HIFU-mediated intravenous drug delivery." Biomaterials 35, no. 22 (July 2014): 5875–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.03.043.

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12

Xiao, Y. H., Bin Liu, and Qing Hui Liu. "Research into the New Process and Machine for Auto-Bending of Mine-Used Tri-Ring Chains." Key Engineering Materials 392-394 (October 2008): 387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.392-394.387.

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Mine-used tri-ring chains have been bent by hand in some machine-mining enterprises. However, this type of process is old-fashioned. The labor intensity of operating workers is high and production efficiency is low. At the same time, the production quality is also unstable. This type of process has not adapted itself to the manufacture of the product. So, for the mine-used tri-ring chains, a novel and simple auto-bending ring machine has been designed. The machine has the advantage of a simple frame, convenient mould-removal, production efficiency, steady production quality, and so on. The machine can be used for medium and small manufacturing. The machine can also be adapted for auto-bending of tri-ring chains if it is equipped with a delivery device, heating device and the appropriate controlling circuit.

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13

Tebaldi, M. L. D. S., T. C. Chaparro, and A. M. Santos. "Tri-Block Copolymers Obtained by RAFT Polymerization: A Promising Material for Drug-Delivery Systems." Materials Science Forum 636-637 (January 2010): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.636-637.76.

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Tri-block copolymer with pH- and thermo-responsive consisting of poly(t-butylacrylate) and poly(vinylcaprolactam), (PtBA/PVCL) were prepared by RAFT polymerization and characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and 1H NMR. PtBA and PVCL were used as macro chain-transfer agents (MCTA) to synthesize PtBA-b-PVCL-b-PtBA and/or PVCL-b-PtBA-b-PVCL, which after partial hydrolysis led to amphiphilic tri-block copolymers P(tBA-co-AA)-b-PVCL-b-P(tBA-co-AA) and/or PVCL-b-P(tBA-co-AA)-b-PVCL.

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14

Emamgholizadeh Minaei, Soraya, Samideh Khoei, Sepideh Khoee, and Mohammad Reza karimi. "Tri-block copolymer nanoparticles modified with folic acid for temozolomide delivery in glioblastoma." International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology 108 (March 2019): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2019.01.010.

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15

Shelgunov, A. V. "Comparative analysis of stand-alone co-generation and tri-generation energy centres." Power and Autonomous equipment 2, no. 3 (October 30, 2019): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32464/2618-8716-2019-2-3-129-140.

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Introduction: presently, versatile stand-alone sources of electric energy serve as vehicles used to solve the problem of electric energy delivery to remote customers and to reduce substantial energy losses in the process of its delivery. The main principles underlying energy centres encompass generation, co-generation, and tri-generation.Methods: the author has performed a comparative analysis of the energy centres in operation on different principles. As for electric energy generation, the author has analyzed gas-reciprocating units consuming natural gas as the most economical fuel. The process of electric energy and heat co-generation is exemplified by four types of co-generators. The analysis of energy centres that comprise tri-generators consuming thermal energy, generated by the co-generator to produce cooled water (cold), is based on research into vapour compression refrigerating machines, consuming electric energy, and absorption refrigerating machines, consuming thermal energy. The comparative analysis of performance efficiency demonstrated by versatile energy centres (a co-generation gasreciprocating unit and a tri-generation energy centre, having an absorption refrigerating machine) is based on an annual energy consumption chart of a shopping centre located in central Russia.Results and discussion: the author has identified the strengths and weaknesses of energy generators, using different principles of energy generation; the author has analyzed their process charts and identified their application areas.Conclusion: the author stresses the importance of analytics and comparisons to be applied as part of the energy equipment selection procedure to assure high-quality operation of energy consumers.

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16

Simioni, Andreza R., Marcelo M. M. Pelisson, Milton Beltrame, and Antonio C. Tedesco. "Photophysical and Photobiological Studies of a Silicon Tribenzonaphthoporphyrazinato Incorporated into Liposomes for Photodynamic Therapy Use." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 6 (June 1, 2008): 3208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.108.

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Nanostructured drug delivery systems (NDDS), such as liposomes, represent a growing area in biomedical research. These microheterogeneous media can be used in many biological systems to provide appropriate drug levels with a specific biodistribution. The photophysical properties of a silicon derivative of tribenzonaphthoporphyrazinato (Si-tri-PcNc) incorporated into liposome were studied by steady-state techniques, time-resolved fluorescence and laser flash photolysis. All the spectroscopy measurements performed allowed us to conclude that Si-tri-PcNc in liposome is a promising NDDS for PDT. The in vitro experiments with liposomal NDDS showed that the system is not cytotoxic in darkness, but exhibits a substantial phototoxicity at 1 μM of photosensitizer concentration and 10.0 J/cm2 of light. These conditions are sufficient to kill about 80% of the cells.

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17

Pandey, Sunil, Mukeshchand Thakur, Ashmi Mewada, Dhanashree Anjarlekar, Neeraj Mishra, and Madhuri Sharon. "Carbon dots functionalized gold nanorod mediated delivery of doxorubicin: tri-functional nano-worms for drug delivery, photothermal therapy and bioimaging." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 1, no. 38 (2013): 4972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3tb20761g.

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18

Wei, Jianxu, Xiaomeng Zhang, Yuan Li, Xinxin Ding, Yi Zhang, Xue Jiang, Hongchang Lai, and Junyu Shi. "Novel application of bergapten and quercetin with anti-bacterial, osteogenesis-potentiating, and anti-inflammation tri-effects." Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 53, no. 6 (March 27, 2021): 683–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/abbs/gmab037.

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Abstract The bacteria-mediated inflammatory conditions adversely affect the osseointegration process of endosseous implants, which can even lead to implant malfunction or failure. Local drug delivery has been designed to exert anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities, but whether this strategy has an effect on the compromised osseointegration under inflammation has rarely been studied. The present study focused on the osteoinductive efficacy of two known phytoestrogens [bergapten (BP) and quercetin (QE)] on implant sites under multiple bacteria-infected conditions in situ. Furthermore, the gene expression profiles of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) treated with BP and QE in the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis–derived lipopolysaccharide were identified. The results showed that both drugs, especially QE, had significant potentiating effects on promoting osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs, resisting multiple pathogens, and reducing inflammatory activity. Meanwhile, RNA sequencing analysis highlighted the enriched gene ontology terms and the differentially expressed genes (Vps25, Il1r2, Csf3, Efemp1, and Ccl20) that might play essential roles in regulating the above tri-effects, which provided the basis for the drug delivery system to be used as a novel therapeutic strategy for integrating peri-implant health. Overall, our study confirmed that QE appeared to outperform BP in osteogenesis and bacterial killing but not in anti-inflammation. Moreover, both drugs possess favorable tri-effects and can serve as the pivotal agents for the drug delivery system to boost osseointegration at inflammatory implant sites.

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Khodaverdi, Elham, Melika Javan, Sayyed A. Sajadi Tabassi, Bahman Khameneh, Hossein Kamali, and Farzin Hadizadeh. "Sustained drug delivery system for insulin using supramolecular hydrogels composed of tri-block copolymers." Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation 47, no. 3 (December 5, 2016): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40005-016-0290-8.

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20

Gou, Si, Michel Monod, Denis Salomon, and Yogeshvar N. Kalia. "Simultaneous Delivery of Econazole, Terbinafine and Amorolfine with Improved Cutaneous Bioavailability: A Novel Micelle-Based Antifungal “Tri-Therapy”." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 2 (January 24, 2022): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14020271.

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Lack of accurate diagnosis and the use of formulations designed to address the poor aqueous solubility of antifungal agents, but not optimized for delivery, contribute to unsatisfactory outcomes for topical treatment of cutaneous mycoses. The objective of this study was to develop a micelle-based antifungal formulation containing econazole (ECZ), terbinafine (TBF) and amorolfine (AMF) using D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) for simultaneous cutaneous delivery of three agents with complementary mechanisms of action. The antifungal “tri-therapy” micelle-based formulation containing 0.1% ECZ, 0.1% TBF and 0.025% AMF had a drug loading 10-fold lower than the “reference” marketed formulations (Pevaryl®, 1% ECZ; Lamisil®, 1% TBF; Loceryl®, 0.25% AMF). Finite dose application of the micelle-based formulation for 6 h resulted in a statistically equivalent deposition of ECZ (p > 0.05) and TBF (p > 0.05) from the 2 systems, and a 2-fold higher accumulation of AMF (p = 0.017). Antifungal concentrations above MIC80 against Trichophyton rubrum were achieved in each skin layer with the “tri-therapy”, which also exhibited a preferential deposition of each antifungal agent in pilosebaceous unit (PSU)-containing biopsies as compared with PSU-free biopsies (p < 0.05). A planned clinical study will test whether these promising results translate to improved therapeutic outcomes in vivo.

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21

Rosenblad, Carl, Qin Li, Elsa Y. Pioli, Sandra Dovero, André SLM Antunes, Leticia Agúndez, Martino Bardelli, et al. "Vector-mediated l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine delivery reverses motor impairments in a primate model of Parkinson’s disease." Brain 142, no. 8 (June 26, 2019): 2402–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awz176.

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Abstract Ever since its introduction 40 years ago l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) therapy has retained its role as the leading standard medication for patients with Parkinson’s disease. With time, however, the shortcomings of oral l-DOPA treatment have become apparent, particularly the motor fluctuations and troublesome dyskinetic side effects. These side effects, which are caused by the excessive swings in striatal dopamine caused by intermittent oral delivery, can be avoided by delivering l-DOPA in a more continuous manner. Local gene delivery of the l-DOPA synthesizing enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase and guanosine-tri-phosphate-cyclohydrolase-1, offers a new approach to a more refined dopaminergic therapy where l-DOPA is delivered continuously at the site where it is needed i.e. the striatum. In this study we have explored the therapeutic efficacy of adeno-associated viral vector-mediated l-DOPA delivery to the putamen in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated rhesus monkeys, the standard non-human primate model of Parkinson’s disease. Viral vector delivery of the two enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase and guanosine-5’-tri-phosphate-cyclohydrolase-1, bilaterally into the dopamine-depleted putamen, induced a significant, dose-dependent improvement of motor behaviour up to a level identical to that obtained with the optimal dose of peripheral l-DOPA. Importantly, this improvement in motor function was obtained without any adverse dyskinetic effects. These results provide proof-of-principle for continuous vector-mediated l-DOPA synthesis as a novel therapeutic strategy for Parkinson’s disease. The constant, local supply of l-DOPA obtained with this approach holds promise as an efficient one-time treatment that can provide long-lasting clinical improvement and at the same time prevent the appearance of motor fluctuations and dyskinetic side effects associated with standard oral dopaminergic medication.

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22

Warren, D. Alan, Thomas G. Reigle, and Cham E. Dallas. "Effect of Single Versus Repeated Exposure to 1,1,1-Trichloroethane on Rat Operant Behavior." International Journal of Toxicology 16, no. 6 (November 1997): 585–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/109158197226900.

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A design feature of most dose-response studies involving schedule-controlled operant behavior is the repeated administration of different doses of the test substance to the same experimental animal. Repeated dosing raises the question of whether or not an animal's initial exposure to a chemical agent alters its behavioral response to subsequent exposures. To address this question, a dose-response curve for the effect of inhaled 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TRI) on the rate of lever-pressing for milk delivery was generated with repeatedly exposed rats (i.e., a within-subject design) and compared to dose-response data obtained from rats receiving a single inhalation exposure to TRI (i.e., a between-group design). Relative to that generated with singly exposed rats, the dose-response curve generated by repeated exposure was shifted to the left. This suggests that the behavioral effects of rate-decreasing concentrations of TRI are augmented by previous exposures. This residual effect is apparently not due to the accumulation of pharmacologically active substances or to the development of an aversion to responding, since TRI is rapidly eliminated following exposure and solvent-free responding was unaffected 24 h postexposure. Instead, the results of this study support the well-established belief that an animal's response to a drug or chemical agent can be modified by its prior behavioral and exposure history. Thus, comparisons of single and repeated exposures may be necessary for fully accurate interpretations of the behavioral consequences of solvent exposure.

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23

Khodaverdi, E., A. Akbari, F. S. M. Tekie, S. A. Mohajeri, G. Zohuri, and F. Hadizadeh. "Sustained Delivery of Amphotericin B and Vancomycin Hydrochloride by an Injectable Thermogelling Tri-Block Copolymer." PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology 67, no. 2 (March 1, 2013): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5731/pdajpst.2013.00908.

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24

Yang, De-Juan, Cheng-Dong Xiong, Thirumala Govender, and Yu-Zhong Wang. "Preparation and Drug-Delivery Potential of Metronidazole-Loaded PELA Tri-block Co-polymeric Electrospun Membranes." Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition 20, no. 9 (January 2009): 1321–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156856209x453024.

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25

Kawaguchi, Yoshiko, Ahmad M. Sayed, Alliya Shafi, Sengchanh Kounnavong, Tiengkham Pongvongsa, Angkhana Lasaphonh, Khamsamay Xaylovong, et al. "Factors affecting the choice of delivery place in a rural area in Laos: A qualitative analysis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 2, 2021): e0255193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255193.

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Background Home delivery (HD) without skilled birth attendants (SBAs) are considered crucial risk factors increasing maternal and child mortality rates in Loa PDR. While a few studies in the literature discuss the choice of delivery in remote areas of minority ethnic groups; our work aims to identify factors that indicated their delivery place, at home or in the health facilities. Methods A community-based qualitative study was conducted between February and March 2020. Three types of interviews were implemented, In-depth interviews with 16 women of eight rural villages who delivered in the last 12 months in Xepon District, Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR. Also, three focus group discussions (FGDs) with nine HCPs and key-informant interviews of ten VHVs were managed. Factors affecting the choice of the delivery place were categorized according to the social-ecological model. Results Our sample included five Tri women and two Mangkong women in the HD group, while the FD group included three Tri women, two Mangkong women, one Phoutai woman, two Laolung women and one Vietnamese. Our investigation inside the targeted minority showed that both positive perceptions of home delivery (HD) and low-risk perception minorities were the main reasons for the choice of HD, on the individual level. On the other hand, fear of complication, the experience of stillbirth, and prolonged labour pain during HD were reasons for facility-based delivery (FD). Notably, the women in our minority reported no link between their preference and their language, while the HCPs dated the low knowledge to the language barrier. On the interpersonal level, the FD women had better communication with their families, and better preparation for delivery compared to the HD group. The FD family prepared cash and transportation using their social network. At the community level, the trend of the delivery place had shifted from HD to FD. Improved accessibility and increased knowledge through community health education were the factors of the trend. At the societal (national policy) level, the free delivery policy and limitation of HCPs’ assisted childbirth only in health facilities were the factors of increasing FD, while the absence of other incentives like transportation and food allowance was the factor of remaining of HD. Conclusions Based on the main findings of this study, we urge the enhancement of family communication on birth preparedness and birthplace. Furthermore, our findings support the need to educate mothers, especially those of younger ages, about their best options regarding the place of delivery. We propose implementing secondary services of HD to minimize the emergency risks of HD. We encourage local authorities to be aware of the medical needs of the community especially those of pregnant females and their right for a free delivery policy.

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Vijay. R. Mahajan and Roshan P. Goikane. "Formulation and evaluation of herbal anti-inflammatory Emulgel prepared from Vitex neugondo leaves extract." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 12, no. 3 (December 30, 2022): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2022.12.3.0226.

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Topical drug delivery system is dosage forms which are applied directly to skin to cure various disease. In comparison with the other semisolid formulation the use of gel seen to be more advantages both in cosmetics and pharmaceutical preparation. Emulgel have emerged as a promising drug delivery system for the delivery of hydrophobic drugs. The objective of the study was to prepare from the leaves of Vitex negundo plant using Carbopol 940 as a gelling agent. Eucalyptus oil and menthe oil were used as penetration enhancers. Propylene glycol amount of distilled water. The skin pH was maintained by addition of tri-ethanolamine. The formulation was evaluated for spread ability, Viscosity, in vitro release drug content pH, physical stability etc. On this experimental work prevalent that the herbal gel of leaves extract from leaves of Vitex negundo found good gelling property and it will be useful as anti-inflammatory gel as per the literature.

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27

Rezk, Abdelrahman I., Jeesoo Park, Joon Yeon Moon, Sunny Lee, Chan Hee Park, and Cheol Sang Kim. "A Novel Design of Tri-Layer Membrane with Controlled Delivery of Paclitaxel and Anti-Biofilm Effect for Biliary Stent Applications." Nanomaterials 11, no. 2 (February 14, 2021): 486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11020486.

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Here, we developed a novel biliary stent coating material that is composed of tri-layer membrane with dual function of sustained release of paclitaxel (PTX) anticancer drug and antibacterial effect. The advantages of using electrospinning technique were considered for the even distribution of PTX and controlled release profile from the nanofiber mat. Furthermore, film cast method was utilized to fabricate AgNPs-immobilized PU film to direct the release towards the tumor site and suppress the biofilm formation. The in vitro antibacterial test conducted against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria species showed excellent antibacterial effect. The in vitro drug release study confirmed the sustained release of PTX from the tri-layer membrane and the release profile fitted first order with correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.98. Furthermore, the release mechanism was studied using Korsmeyer–Peppas model, revealing that the release mechanism follows Fickian diffusion. Based on the results, this novel tri-layer membrane shows curative potential in clinical development.

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28

Rey-Rico, Ana, and Magali Cucchiarini. "PEO-PPO-PEO Tri-Block Copolymers for Gene Delivery Applications in Human Regenerative Medicine—An Overview." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 3 (March 8, 2018): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19030775.

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29

Ghahremankhani, Ali Afshar, Farid Dorkoosh, and Rassoul Dinarvand. "PLGA-PEG-PLGA tri-block copolymers as an in-situ gel forming system for calcitonin delivery." Polymer Bulletin 59, no. 5 (July 10, 2007): 637–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00289-007-0807-4.

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Wu, Tianyuan, Yu Cai, Xia Zhao, Chai K. Ngai, Benjamin Chu, Benjamin Hsiao, Michael Hadjiargyrou, and Robert B. Grubbs. "Synthesis and characterization of poly(ethylene oxide)/polylactide/polylysine tri-arm star copolymers for gene delivery." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 56, no. 6 (December 26, 2017): 635–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.28938.

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Du, Lili, Changrong Wang, Lingwei Meng, Qiang Cheng, Junhui Zhou, Xiaoxia Wang, Deyao Zhao, et al. "The study of relationships between pKa value and siRNA delivery efficiency based on tri-block copolymers." Biomaterials 176 (September 2018): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.05.046.

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Gutiérrez-Vega, Sebastián, Axel Armella, Daniela Mennickent, Marco Loyola, Ambart Covarrubias, Bernel Ortega-Contreras, Carlos Escudero, et al. "High levels of maternal total tri-iodothyronine, and low levels of fetal free L-thyroxine and total tri-iodothyronine, are associated with altered deiodinase expression and activity in placenta with gestational diabetes mellitus." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 24, 2020): e0242743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242743.

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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is characterized by abnormal maternal D-glucose metabolism and altered insulin signaling. Dysregulation of thyroid hormones (TH) tri-iodethyronine (T3) and L-thyroxine (T4) Hormones had been associated with GDM, but the physiopathological meaning of these alterations is still unclear. Maternal TH cross the placenta through TH Transporters and their Deiodinases metabolize them to regulate fetal TH levels. Currently, the metabolism of TH in placentas with GDM is unknown, and there are no other studies that evaluate the fetal TH from pregnancies with GDM. Therefore, we evaluated the levels of maternal TH during pregnancy, and fetal TH at delivery, and the expression and activity of placental deiodinases from GDM pregnancies. Pregnant women were followed through pregnancy until delivery. We collected blood samples during 10–14, 24–28, and 36–40 weeks of gestation for measure Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), Free T4 (FT4), Total T4 (TT4), and Total T3 (TT3) concentrations from Normal Glucose Tolerance (NGT) and GDM mothers. Moreover, we measure fetal TSH, FT4, TT4, and TT3 in total blood cord at the delivery. Also, we measured the placental expression of Deiodinases by RT-PCR, western-blotting, and immunohistochemistry. The activity of Deiodinases was estimated quantified rT3 and T3 using T4 as a substrate. Mothers with GDM showed higher levels of TT3 during all pregnancy, and an increased in TSH during second and third trimester, while lower concentrations of neonatal TT4, FT4, and TT3; and an increased TSH level in umbilical cord blood from GDM. Placentae from GDM mothers have a higher expression and activity of Deiodinase 3, but lower Deiodinase 2, than NGT mothers. In conclusion, GDM favors high levels of TT3 during all gestation in the mother, low levels in TT4, FT4 and TT3 at the delivery in neonates, and increases deiodinase 3, but reduce deiodinase 2 expression and activity in the placenta.

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Bian, Ruixin, Tingting Wang, Lingyu Zhang, Lu Li, and Chungang Wang. "A combination of tri-modal cancer imaging and in vivo drug delivery by metal–organic framework based composite nanoparticles." Biomaterials Science 3, no. 9 (2015): 1270–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5bm00186b.

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A facile method was developed for the synthesis of multifunctional Fe₃O₄@PAA/AuNCs/ZIF-8 NPs. Furthermore, the obtained NPs with ultrahigh drug storage capacity and dual pH-responsive drug release properties were applicable in simultaneous tri-modal.

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Kim, Bieong-Kil. "Transfection Property of a New Cholesterol-Based Cationic Lipid Containing Tri-2-Hydroxyethylamine as Gene Delivery Vehicle." Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 22, no. 6 (June 28, 2012): 866–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1111.11010.

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Nielsen, C., and B. Brodin. "Di / tri-Peptide Transporters as Drug Delivery Targets: Regulation of Transport Under Physiological and Patho-physiological Conditions." Current Drug Targets 4, no. 5 (July 1, 2003): 373–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450033491028.

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Raut Desai, Shilpa, and Bhagwan D. Rohera. "Formulation,in vitroevaluation and study of variables on tri-layered gastro-retentive delivery system of diltiazem HCl." Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 40, no. 3 (February 2013): 380–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03639045.2012.763138.

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Sayed, Sinar, Basant A. Habib, and Ghada M. Elsayed. "Tri-block co-polymer nanocarriers for enhancement of oral delivery of felodipine: preparation,in vitrocharacterization andex vivopermeation." Journal of Liposome Research 28, no. 3 (May 25, 2017): 182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08982104.2017.1327541.

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Reffitt, DM, RSJ Harvey, JJ Powell, and RPH Thompson. "Ferric tri-maltol gives effective iron delivery with low side effects in patients intolerant of ferrous preparations." Gastroenterology 114 (April 1998): A905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(98)83687-1.

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Zhang, Rui-Qian, Zhan-Qing Liu, Yan-Ling Luo, Feng Xu, and Ya-Shao Chen. "Tri-stimuli responsive carbon nanotubes covered by mesoporous silica graft copolymer multifunctional materials for intracellular drug delivery." Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 80 (December 2019): 431–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2019.08.023.

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Singleton, Will, Andy Collins, Ali Bienemann, Clare Killick-Cole, Daniel Asby, Harry Haynes, Marcella Wyatt, Lisa Boulter, and Steven Gill. "Convection enhanced delivery of tri-block copolymer nano-micelles: a method of direct intraparenchymal water-insoluble drug delivery for the treatment of high-grade glioma." Neuro-Oncology 20, suppl_1 (January 2018): i19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/nox238.084.

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Xiao, Yin, Hui Peng, Xueli Mao, Andrew K. Whittaker, and Ross Crawford. "Novel Synthetic Bio-Mimic Polymers for Cell Delivery." Advanced Materials Research 32 (February 2008): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.32.215.

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Cell-based therapy is one of the major potential therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular, neuronal and degenerative diseases in recent years. The aims of this study is to develop a novel biomimic polymeric materials which will facilitate the delivery cells, control cell bioactivities and enhance the focal integration of graft cells with host tissues. We synthesized a novel tri-block copolymer, methoxy-terminated poly (ethylene glycol) (MPEG)-polyL-lactide (PLLA)-polylysine (PLL) via sequential polymerization of PLLA onto MPEG, followed by ring opening polymerization of PLL onto the functionalized chain end. The triblock copolymer (5%) was then mixed with high molecular weight PLLA (95%) to form cell-delivery membranes. The spectra of copolymers were determined by NMR and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Human osteoblasts were used for testing biocompatibility and initial cellular reaction. It was noted that no cytotoxicity was detectable in our synthesized copolymers. Compared with pure PLLA and diblock copolymers, the triblock copolymers showed significantly better cell adhesion and proliferation. Interestingly we identified that cellular activity (attachment, proliferation and differentiation) could be regulated by the molecular weight and composition of the triblock copolymers. In conclusion controllable synthetic copolymers can be designed and synthesized to modulate cellular function in facilitating tissue repair and regeneration.

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Lv, Jing, Meiqiang Xie, Shufen Zhao, Wensheng Qiu, Shasha Wang, and Manming Cao. "Synergetic fabrication of hybrid drug formulation using biodegradable tri-block copolymeric liquid nanoparticle delivery for gastric cancer chemotherapy." Journal of Molecular Liquids 340 (October 2021): 117066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117066.

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Kundu, Biswanath, Samit Kumar Nandi, Subhasis Roy, Nandadulal Dandapat, Chidambaram Soundrapandian, Someswar Datta, Prasenjit Mukherjee, Tapan Kumar Mandal, Sudip Dasgupta, and Debabrata Basu. "Systematic approach to treat chronic osteomyelitis through ceftriaxone–sulbactam impregnated porous β-tri calcium phosphate localized delivery system." Ceramics International 38, no. 2 (March 2012): 1533–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2011.09.038.

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Yamada, Asako, Asako Mitsueda, Mahadi Hasan, Miho Ueda, Susumu Hama, Shota Warashina, Takashi Nakamura, Hideyoshi Harashima, and Kentaro Kogure. "Tri-membrane nanoparticles produced by combining liposome fusion and a novel patchwork of bicelles to overcome endosomal and nuclear membrane barriers to cargo delivery." Biomaterials Science 4, no. 3 (2016): 439–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5bm00327j.

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Chung, Tze-Wen, Der-Zen Liu, Jui-Hsiang Hsieh, Xian-Chan Fan, Jean-Dean Yang, and Jui-Hsiang Chen. "Characterizing Poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-Chitooligosaccharide-b-Poly(ethylene glycol) (PCP) Copolymer Micelles for Doxorubicin (DOX) Delivery: Effects of Crosslinked of Amine Groups." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 6, no. 9 (September 1, 2006): 2902–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2006.450.

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New amine-groups containing tri-block copolymers and micelles that consisting of poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-chitooligosaccharide-b-poly(ethylene glycol) (PCL-b-COS-b-PEG, PCP), were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for delivering doxorubicin (DOX) with or without crosslinked amine groups by genipin. The characteristics of the PCP copolymers of Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) verify the amine and ester groups of the COS and the PCL of the copolymers, respectively. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectra verify the structures of the PCP copolymers consisting two PCL and PEG polymers reacted onto the COS block. In addition, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) determines the number average molecular weight of the triblock copolymers (Mn) of approximately 11340 Da/mole. The PCP copolymers can self-assemble to form polymeric micelles at the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 1.0 μM as determined by the UV-VIS absorption spectra. The mean diameter of the PCP micelles is 90 nm, as determined using a dynamic light-scattering (DLS) analyzer. Moreover, the zeta potentials of PCP micelles change from neutral to cationic state when pH of suspension mediums varied from 7.4 to 3.0. For evaluating delivery characteristics of hydrophobic DOX, it was loaded into PCP micelles with or without crosslinked by genipin. The burst release and release period of DOX for the crosslinked micelles are significantly reduced (P < 0.003, n = 3, for pH = 7.4) and sustained (e.g., 8 days), respectively, than those non-crosslinked ones (e.g., 4 days). In conclusion, new tri-block amine groups containing PCP copolymers are synthesized that can self-assemble as PCP micelles. After post-crosslinked amine groups of DOX loaded the micelles, they can effectively reduce the burst release and sustain the release of DOX at different pH dissolution mediums. Further applications of PCP copolymers and micelles for drug delivery can be explored in future.

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McDonald, Malcolm, Anwar Hossain, Eric Momin, Irtiza Hasan, Sanjay Singh, Satoshi Adachi, Joy Gumin, et al. "EXTH-18. ENGINEERED EXOSOMES AS GENE DELIVERY TOOLS FOR THE TREATMENT OF GLIOBLASTOMA." Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_2 (November 2020): ii90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa215.372.

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Abstract Although we previously showed that exosomes are capable of delivering anti-glioma microRNAs (miRs) to brain tumors (Lang et al. 2018), our studies revealed significant opportunity to 1) improve packaging and delivery efficiency of exosomes and 2) expand the repertoire of anti-glioma miRs. We hypothesized that incorporation of viral proteins into exosomes would enhance miR packaging and cell entry. To test this hypothesis, we engineered exosomes that express retroviral Gag and VSVg proteins (eExos). Specifically, HEK293T cells were transfected with Gag, VSVg, and with Cre-recombinase containing plasmid (pCre) to generate eExos-pCre. After 48hrs eExos-pCre were isolated by differential ultracentrifugation. Western analyses verified Gag and VSVg in eExos-pCre, and PCR documented pCre in these exosomes. Next, U87 cells harboring a dsRed-eGFP-loxP reporter-gene were treated with eExos-pCre or control exosomes. Flow cytometry demonstrated that eExos-pCre resulted in 82% conversion of red cells to green, compared with controls (2% conversion), verifying the effectiveness of eExos to deliver plasmids containing anti-glioma agents. To identify effective anti-glioma miRs, we conducted a high-throughput screen of 539 miRs against 7 glioma stem cell lines (GSCs) and identified miR-124-2, miR-135-a-2, and Let7i as the most potent anti-glioma miRs. We then studied the ability of eExos to package and deliver plasmids of these miRs either singly (eExos-miR-124, eExos-miR-135, eExos-miRLet7i) or as a tri-cistronic plasmid (eExos-miR-124-135-Let7i). Although eExos-miR-124, eExos-miR-135, and eExos-miRLet7i significantly decreased in vitro proliferation in all three GSCs (p< 0.01), eExos-miR-124-135-Let7i were most effective (p< 0.001). In in vivo studies, mice harboring GSC231 gliomas were injected with each of the eExos-miRs. Most significant improvement in survival was seen with eExos-miR-124-135-Let7i (median 75 versus 32.5 days for controls, p< 0.001). We conclude that eExos are a novel delivery strategy for human gliomas and that a tri-cistronic plasmid of miR-124-135-Let7i is highly effective against GBM and worthy of clinical translation.

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Draz, Umar, Sana Yasin, Muhammad Irfan, Tariq Ali, Amjad Ali, Adam Glowacz, Frantisek Brumercik, and Witold Glowacz. "TANVEER: Tri-Angular Nearest Vector-Based Energy Efficient Routing for IoT-Enabled Acoustic Sensor and Actor Networks (I-ASANs)." Sensors 21, no. 11 (May 21, 2021): 3578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113578.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging technology in underwater communication because of its potential to monitor underwater activities. IoT devices enable a variety of applications such as submarine and navy defense systems, pre-disaster prevention, and gas/oil exploration in deep and shallow water. The IoT devices have limited power due to their size. Many routing protocols have been proposed in applications, as mentioned above, in different aspects, but timely action and energy make these a challenging task for marine research. Therefore, this research presents a routing technique with three sub-sections, Tri-Angular Nearest Vector-Based Energy Efficient Routing (TANVEER): Layer-Based Adjustment (LBA-TANVEER), Data Packet Delivery (DPD-TANVEER), and Binary Inter Nodes (BIN-TANVEER). In TANVEER, the path is selected between the source node and sonobuoys by computing the angle three times with horizontal, vertical, and diagonal directions by using the nearest vector-based approach to avoid the empty nodes/region. In order to deploy the nodes, the LBA-TANVEER is used. Furthermore, for successful data delivery, the DPD-TANVEER is responsible for bypassing any empty nodes/region occurrence. BIN-TANVEER works with new watchman nodes that play an essential role in the path/data shifting mechanism. Moreover, achievable empty regions are also calculated by linear programming to minimize energy consumption and throughput maximization. Different evaluation parameters perform extensive simulation, and the coverage area of the proposed scheme is also presented. The simulated results show that the proposed technique outperforms the compared baseline scheme layer-by-layer angle-based flooding (L2-ABF) in terms of energy, throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and a fraction of empty regions.

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Song, Zhongqian, Yuanhong Xu, Wenrong Yang, Liang Cui, Jizhen Zhang, and Jingquan Liu. "Graphene/tri-block copolymer composites prepared via RAFT polymerizations for dual controlled drug delivery via pH stimulation and biodegradation." European Polymer Journal 69 (August 2015): 559–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.02.014.

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Miranda, Catarina S., Ana Francisca G. Silva, Sílvia M. M. A. Pereira-Lima, Susana P. G. Costa, Natália C. Homem, and Helena P. Felgueiras. "Tunable Spun Fiber Constructs in Biomedicine: Influence of Processing Parameters in the Fibers’ Architecture." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 1 (January 11, 2022): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14010164.

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Electrospinning and wet-spinning have been recognized as two of the most efficient and promising techniques for producing polymeric fibrous constructs for a wide range of applications, including optics, electronics, food industry and biomedical applications. They have gained considerable attention in the past few decades because of their unique features and tunable architectures that can mimic desirable biological features, responding more effectively to local demands. In this review, various fiber architectures and configurations, varying from monolayer and core-shell fibers to tri-axial, porous, multilayer, side-by-side and helical fibers, are discussed, highlighting the influence of processing parameters in the final constructs. Additionally, the envisaged biomedical purposes for the examined fiber architectures, mainly focused on drug delivery and tissue engineering applications, are explored at great length.

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Bhupathiraju, N. V. S. Dinesh K., Vijay Gottumukkala, Erhong Hao, Xiaoke Hu, Frank R. Fronczek, David G. Baker, Nobuko Wakamatsu, and M. Graça H. Vicente. "Synthesis and toxicity of cobaltabisdicarbollide-containing porphyrins of high boron content." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 15, no. 09n10 (September 2011): 973–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424611003902.

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Two porphyrins of high boron content (OCP and HCP–PEG) were prepared in high yields from the reaction of the corresponding tri- and tetra-(dihydroxyphenyl)porphyrins with zwitterionic cobaltabisdicarbollide [3,3′-Co(8-C4H8O2-1,2-C2B9H10)(1′,2′-C2B9H11)] . Both porphyrins were found to have low cytotoxicity toward human HEp2 cells, and to localize subcellularly mainly in the cell lysosomes. Animal toxicity investigations using male and female BALB/c mice also revealed low toxicity for both compounds. The determined maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for these boronated porphyrins administered intraperitoneally were 160 mg/kg for OCP and 320 mg/kg for HCP–PEG. Our studies warrant further development of these porphyrins of high boron content, and in particular of HCP–PEG, as boron delivery vehicles for BNCT.

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