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Books on the topic 'Trend monitoring systém'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Hawaii. Family Health Services Division. Hawaiʻi pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system (PRAMS): Trend report 2000-2008. Honolulu: Hawaii State Dept. of Health, Family Health Services Division, 2010.

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2

Deraemaeker, Arnaud. New Trends in Vibration Based Structural Health Monitoring. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2011.

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3

Flewwelling, P. Recent trends in monitoring control and surveillance systems for capture fisheries. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2003.

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4

Nursing into the 21st century. Springhouse, Pa: Springhouse Corp., 1996.

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5

Pedersen, Trond Einar, and Aris Kaloudis. Sectoral innovation systems in Europe: Monitoring, analysing trends and identifying challenges : the energy sector--final report. Oslo: NIFU STEP, 2008.

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6

National Seminar, Large Power Transformers - Modern Trends in Aplication, Testing, and Condition Monitoring (2002 New Delhi, India). National Seminar, Large Power Transformers - Modern Trends in Application, Testing, and Condition Monitoring, 14-15 November, 2002, New Delhi: Proceedings. Edited by Mathur G. N, Narasimhan S. L, Prasher V. K, and India. Central Board of Irrigation and Power. New Delhi: Central Board of Irrigation and Power, 2002.

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7

Financial Trend Monitoring System, 1987. Intl City County Management Assn, 1987.

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8

Lei, Yuan. Ventilator Monitoring. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784975.003.0011.

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‘Ventilator Monitoring’ describes that group of functions that enables us to understand the functional status of a ventilator system and the ventilated patient. This chapter begins by introducing general monitoring concepts, describing the operation of the flow sensors and oxygen sensors that make the measurements, which are displayed as numerical monitoring parameters, waveforms, dynamic loops, and trend curves. The chapter details common monitoring parameters for pressure, flow, volume, time, and oxygen concentration. Examples of normal and abnormal ventilator graphics are shown. Finally, the chapter details each typical monitoring parameter and gives background information about its significance.

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9

Worden, Keith, and Arnaud Deraemaeker. New Trends in Vibration Based Structural Health Monitoring. Springer, 2014.

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10

L, Johnson Barry, Hagerty Karen H, and Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (Environmental Management Program), eds. Status and trends of selected resources of the Upper Mississippi River system: A synthesis report of the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program. La Crosse, Wis: U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, 2008.

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11

L, Johnson Barry, Hagerty Karen H, and Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (Environmental Management Program), eds. Status and trends of selected resources of the Upper Mississippi River system: A synthesis report of the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program. La Crosse, Wis: U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, 2008.

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12

L, Johnson Barry, Hagerty Karen H, and Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (Environmental Management Program), eds. Status and trends of selected resources of the Upper Mississippi River system: A synthesis report of the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program. La Crosse, Wis: U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, 2008.

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13

Lindenmayer, David, Emma Burns, Nicole Thurgate, and Andrew Lowe, eds. Biodiversity and Environmental Change. CSIRO Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643108578.

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This data-rich book demonstrates the value of existing national long-term ecological research in Australia for monitoring environmental change and biodiversity. Long-term ecological data are critical for informing trends in biodiversity and environmental change. The Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN) is a major initiative of the Australian Government and one of its key areas of investment is to provide funding for a network of long-term ecological research plots around Australia (LTERN). LTERN researchers and other authors in this book have maintained monitoring sites, often for one or more decades, in an array of different ecosystems across the Australian continent – ranging from tropical rainforests, wet eucalypt forests and alpine regions through to rangelands and deserts. This book highlights some of the temporal changes in the environment that have occurred in the various systems in which dedicated field-based ecologists have worked. Many important trends and changes are documented and they often provide new insights that were previously poorly understood or unknown. These data are precisely the kinds of data so desperately needed to better quantify the temporal trajectories in the environment in Australia. By presenting trend patterns (and often also the associated data) the authors aim to catalyse governments and other organisations to better recognise the importance of long-term data collection and monitoring as a fundamental part of ecologically-effective and cost-effective management of the environment and biodiversity.

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14

Gonzalez, Martin L. Practice Patterns of General Internal Medicine 1994. Amer Medical Assn, 1994.

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15

Corporation, Springhouse, ed. Providing cardiovascular care. Springhouse, Pa: Springhouse Corp., 1996.

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16

L, Gonzalez Martin, and Center for Health Policy Research (American Medical Association), eds. Practice patterns of general internal medicine, 1994. Chicago: American Medical Association, Center for Health Policy Research, 1994.

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17

Spatial, temporal, and environmental trends of fish assemblages within six reaches of the Upper Mississippi River System. La Crosse, Wis: Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 2005.

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18

Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center (Geological Survey) and Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (Environmental Management Program), eds. Ecological status and trends of the Upper Mississippi River system, 1998: A report of the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program. La Crosse, WI: U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, 1999.

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19

FINMONICA: Monitoring trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease in Finland : Finnish part of the WHO co-ordinated MONICA project : protocol and manual. Helsinki, Finland: National Public Health Institute, 1986.

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20

J, Friedman Daniel, and National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.), eds. Assessing the potential of national strategies for electronic health records for population health monitoring and research. Hyattsville, Md: U.S. Department of Health And Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, 2006.

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21

Co-Operative and Energy Efficient Body Area and Wireless Sensor Networks for Healthcare Applications. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2014.

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22

Omstedt, Anders. The Development of Climate Science of the Baltic Sea Region. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.654.

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Dramatic climate changes have occurred in the Baltic Sea region caused by changes in orbital movement in the earth–sun system and the melting of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet. Added to these longer-term changes, changes have occurred at all timescales, caused mainly by variations in large-scale atmospheric pressure systems due to competition between the meandering midlatitude low-pressure systems and high-pressure systems. Here we follow the development of climate science of the Baltic Sea from when observations began in the 18th century to the early 21st century. The question of why the water level is sinking around the Baltic Sea coasts could not be answered until the ideas of postglacial uplift and the thermal history of the earth were better understood in the 19th century and periodic behavior in climate related time series attracted scientific interest. Herring and sardine fishing successes and failures have led to investigations of fishery and climate change and to the realization that fisheries themselves have strongly negative effects on the marine environment, calling for international assessment efforts. Scientists later introduced the concept of regime shifts when interpreting their data, attributing these to various causes. The increasing amount of anoxic deep water in the Baltic Sea and eutrophication have prompted debate about what is natural and what is anthropogenic, and the scientific outcome of these debates now forms the basis of international management efforts to reduce nutrient leakage from land. The observed increase in atmospheric CO2 and its effects on global warming have focused the climate debate on trends and generated a series of international and regional assessments and research programs that have greatly improved our understanding of climate and environmental changes, bolstering the efforts of earth system science, in which both climate and environmental factors are analyzed together.Major achievements of past centuries have included developing and organizing regular observation and monitoring programs. The free availability of data sets has supported the development of more accurate forcing functions for Baltic Sea models and made it possible to better understand and model the Baltic Sea–North Sea system, including the development of coupled land–sea–atmosphere models. Most indirect and direct observations of the climate find great variability and stochastic behavior, so conclusions based on short time series are problematic, leading to qualifications about periodicity, trends, and regime shifts. Starting in the 1980s, systematic research into climate change has considerably improved our understanding of regional warming and multiple threats to the Baltic Sea. Several aspects of regional climate and environmental changes and how they interact are, however, unknown and merit future research.

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23

Hamada, Yukihiko, and Khushbu Agrawal. Political Finance Reforms: How to respond to today’s policy challenges? International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31752/idea.2020.68.

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Money is a necessary component of any democracy: it enables political participation, campaigning and representation. However, if it is not effectively regulated, it can undermine the integrity of political processes and institutions, and jeopardize the quality of democracy. Therefore, regulations related to the funding of political parties and election campaigns, commonly known as political finance, are a critical way to promote integrity, transparency and accountability in any democracy. Political finance regulations must adapt and adjust to political, economic and societal changes. This report contributes to the discussion of the future of political finance by exploring the following trends, opportunities and challenges related to money in politics that need to be taken into consideration when improving political finance systems: • mainstreaming political finance regulations into an overall anti-corruption framework; • supporting the implementation of existing political finance regulations and monitoring their performance; • harnessing digital technologies to ensure transparency and accountability in political finance; and • designing targeted political finance measures to encourage the inclusion of underrepresented groups in politics.

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24

Capel, Paul D., Lisa H. Nowell, and Peter D. Dileanis. Pesticides in Stream Sediment and Aquatic Biota: Distribution, Trends, and Governing Factors (Pesticides in the Hydrologic System, V. 4). CRC, 1999.

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25

The Operating Room for the 21st Century. American Association of Neurological Surgeons, 2003.

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26

Liu, Xiaodong, and Libin Yan. Elevation-Dependent Climate Change in the Tibetan Plateau. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.593.

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As a unique and high gigantic plateau, the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is sensitive and vulnerable to global climate change, and its climate change tendencies and the corresponding impact on regional ecosystems and water resources can provide an early alarm for global and mid-latitude climate changes. Growing evidence suggests that the TP has experienced more significant warming than its surrounding areas during past decades, especially at elevations higher than 4 km. Greater warming at higher elevations than at lower elevations has been reported in several major mountainous regions on earth, and this interesting phenomenon is known as elevation-dependent climate change, or elevation-dependent warming (EDW).At the beginning of the 21st century, Chinese scholars first noticed that the TP had experienced significant warming since the mid-1950s, especially in winter, and that the latest warming period in the TP occurred earlier than enhanced global warming since the 1970s. The Chinese also first reported that the warming rates increased with the elevation in the TP and its neighborhood, and the TP was one of the most sensitive areas to global climate change. Later, additional studies, using more and longer observations from meteorological stations and satellites, shed light on the detailed characteristics of EDW in terms of mean, minimum, and maximum temperatures and in different seasons. For example, it was found that the daily minimum temperature showed the most evident EDW in comparison to the mean and daily maximum temperatures, and EDW is more significant in winter than in other seasons. The mean daily minimum and maximum temperatures also maintained increasing trends in the context of EDW. Despite a global warming hiatus since the turn of the 21st century, the TP exhibited persistent warming from 2001 to 2012.Although EDW has been demonstrated by more and more observations and modeling studies, the underlying mechanisms for EDW are not entirely clear owing to sparse, discontinuous, and insufficient observations of climate change processes. Based on limited observations and model simulations, several factors and their combinations have been proposed to be responsible for EDW, including the snow-albedo feedback, cloud-radiation effects, water vapor and radiative fluxes, and aerosols forcing. At present, however, various explanations of the mechanisms for EDW are mainly derived from model-based research, lacking more solid observational evidence. Therefore, to comprehensively understand the mechanisms of EDW, a more extensive and multiple-perspective climate monitoring system is urgently needed in the areas of the TP with high elevations and complex terrains.High-elevation climate change may have resulted in a series of environmental consequences, such as vegetation changes, permafrost melting, and glacier shrinkage, in mountainous areas. In particular, the glacial retreat could alter the headwater environments on the TP and the hydrometeorological characteristics of several major rivers in Asia, threatening the water supply for the people living in the adjacent countries. Taking into account the climate-model projections that the warming trend will continue over the TP in the coming decades, this region’s climate change and the relevant environmental consequences should be of great concern to both scientists and the general public.

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27

Benestad, Rasmus. Climate in the Barents Region. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.655.

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The Barents Sea is a region of the Arctic Ocean named after one of its first known explorers (1594–1597), Willem Barentsz from the Netherlands, although there are accounts of earlier explorations: the Norwegian seafarer Ottar rounded the northern tip of Europe and explored the Barents and White Seas between 870 and 890 ce, a journey followed by a number of Norsemen; Pomors hunted seals and walruses in the region; and Novgorodian merchants engaged in the fur trade. These seafarers were probably the first to accumulate knowledge about the nature of sea ice in the Barents region; however, scientific expeditions and the exploration of the climate of the region had to wait until the invention and employment of scientific instruments such as the thermometer and barometer. Most of the early exploration involved mapping the land and the sea ice and making geographical observations. There were also many unsuccessful attempts to use the Northeast Passage to reach the Bering Strait. The first scientific expeditions involved F. P. Litke (1821±1824), P. K. Pakhtusov (1834±1835), A. K. Tsivol’ka (1837±1839), and Henrik Mohn (1876–1878), who recorded oceanographic, ice, and meteorological conditions.The scientific study of the Barents region and its climate has been spearheaded by a number of campaigns. There were four generations of the International Polar Year (IPY): 1882–1883, 1932–1933, 1957–1958, and 2007–2008. A British polar campaign was launched in July 1945 with Antarctic operations administered by the Colonial Office, renamed as the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS); it included a scientific bureau by 1950. It was rebranded as the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) in 1962 (British Antarctic Survey History leaflet). While BAS had its initial emphasis on the Antarctic, it has also been involved in science projects in the Barents region. The most dedicated mission to the Arctic and the Barents region has been the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), which has commissioned a series of reports on the Arctic climate: the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA) report, the Snow Water Ice and Permafrost in the Arctic (SWIPA) report, and the Adaptive Actions in a Changing Arctic (AACA) report.The climate of the Barents Sea is strongly influenced by the warm waters from the Norwegian current bringing heat from the subtropical North Atlantic. The region is 10°C–15°C warmer than the average temperature on the same latitude, and a large part of the Barents Sea is open water even in winter. It is roughly bounded by the Svalbard archipelago, northern Fennoscandia, the Kanin Peninsula, Kolguyev Island, Novaya Zemlya, and Franz Josef Land, and is a shallow ocean basin which constrains physical processes such as currents and convection. To the west, the Greenland Sea forms a buffer region with some of the strongest temperature gradients on earth between Iceland and Greenland. The combination of a strong temperature gradient and westerlies influences air pressure, wind patterns, and storm tracks. The strong temperature contrast between sea ice and open water in the northern part sets the stage for polar lows, as well as heat and moisture exchange between ocean and atmosphere. Glaciers on the Arctic islands generate icebergs, which may drift in the Barents Sea subject to wind and ocean currents.The land encircling the Barents Sea includes regions with permafrost and tundra. Precipitation comes mainly from synoptic storms and weather fronts; it falls as snow in the winter and rain in the summer. The land area is snow-covered in winter, and rivers in the region drain the rainwater and meltwater into the Barents Sea. Pronounced natural variations in the seasonal weather statistics can be linked to variations in the polar jet stream and Rossby waves, which result in a clustering of storm activity, blocking high-pressure systems. The Barents region is subject to rapid climate change due to a “polar amplification,” and observations from Svalbard suggest that the past warming trend ranks among the strongest recorded on earth. The regional change is reinforced by a number of feedback effects, such as receding sea-ice cover and influx of mild moist air from the south.

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