Academic literature on the topic 'Trees – social aspects'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Trees – social aspects.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Trees – social aspects"
1
van Damme, Patrick. "Sociological and Organizational aspects of Fuel Wood Growing in Traditional Communities: The Case of Northern Togo." Afrika Focus 4, no. 1-2 (January 15, 1988): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-0040102003.
Full textAbstract:
As in many other African countries, wood is the most important source of energy for the rural and urban populations of Togo. Traditional attitudes towards trees and prohibitive laws explain why trees are not planted “spontaneously” by local communities even though they are facing serious woodfuel shortage problems. Promotion of tree planting has recently been taken up by government agencies and foreign funded projects. Most of them try to get local communities to plant trees, but their efforts are not always very successful. The reasons are manyfold: - the lack of tradition where tree planting is concerned; - the lack of familiarity with the proposed tree species; - the “delayed reward” when trees have been planted; - the abscence of a fuelwood problem, according to the local population; - the location of the newly planted trees: near the house? at the roadside? round the field? - the social organization of the community, and the traditional land tenure system; - the lack of certainty about the ultimate rights to the tree and the possibilities to cut it; - abscence of protection of the stands by a lack of motivation of the planter; - in some instances: the price of the plants; - the persons who are asked to plant the trees are not necessarily those that will have to cut them and use the fuelwood. Recently, it has become clear that the key to successful reforestation lies within the local communities. Small scale approaches may well be the long term solution to the problem of fuelwood and energy supply, and involving women in the project interventions a further step in a more integrated approach. As it is, the recent “social forestry” approach might well be the long expected solution. To meet the objective of having people plant trees, however, it will be necessary to establish a good extension service which not only starts initiatives but also assures a thorough follow up once the planting has started. The problems that have to be overcome - or bypassed - remain difficult, but recent experience has nevertheless given some insight in how to solve them!
2
Nurfitriana, Annisa. "PENDAMPINGAN KEBERLANGSUNGAN USAHA UMKM GULA AREN DALAM MENDUKUNG PENCAPAIAN SUSTAINABILITY DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs)." Jurnal Berdaya Mandiri 5, no. 2 (July 16, 2023): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31316/jbm.v5i2.4213.
Full textAbstract:
Palm trees are one of the natural resources in Majalengka. its availability needs to be maintained by all parties so that the palm processing business can have an impact on economic, environmental, and social aspects. However, the limited number of trees that are decreasing, decreasing interest in doing business, and limited human resource capabili-ties are obstacles for MSME actors. The implementation method used to carry out the service is by conducting surveys, providing equipment and training, and providing assis-tance and evaluation. The result of this service is that the first palm sugar SMEs in Maja-lengka, processed production is increasing and is of higher quality. In addition, MSME actors can manage finances so that there is an increase in turnover and the sustain-ability of MSMEs is maintained. This supports the achievement of the economic aspect. Second, MSME actors are closer to neighbors and families in supporting efforts to support social aspects. Third, MSME actors are more likely to maximize production amid limited natural resources so that they can support the achievement of SDGs in environmental aspects. Keywords: SMEs, Sustainability Development Goals
3
Sheridan, Michael J. "The Ecology of Fencing." Africa 78, no. 2 (May 2008): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0001972008000119.
Full textAbstract:
In the autumn of 2004, a remarkable gathering of 102 scholars took place at St Antony's College, Oxford: they had come for an interdisciplinary symposium on ‘Trees, rain, and politics in Africa: the dynamics and politics of climatic and environmental change’. Symposium papers were grouped into panels that focused on either particular resources (such as trees and water) or particular aspects of social relationships (such as politics and discourses). This format resulted in a series of dialogues between the natural science and social science paradigms, and this first half of the present issue of Africa takes as its theme just one of those interdisciplinary conversations. Taken together, these authors demonstrate how the hybridization of natural science and social science can benefit understandings of the African past, interpretations of the African present and planning for the African future.1
4
Wojnowska-Heciak, Magdalena, Magdalena Błaszczyk, Marzena Suchocka, and Joanna Kosno-Jończy. "Urban–rural differences in perception of trees described by parents bringing up children in Warsaw and Jedlińsk, Poland." PeerJ 8 (April 8, 2020): e8875. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8875.
Full textAbstract:
Parents’ attitudes to trees and nature are reflected not only in their children’s outdoor activity, but also in the way they perceive, learn and value the environment. One hundred and eleven respondents, divided into two groups by place of residence, assessed statements in a survey questionnaire. Two groups of questions aimed at evaluating tree benefits and disservices as perceived by urban and rural parents, and identifying their preferences concerning outdoor activity of their children. Tree benefits and disadvantages were grouped into five categories (social, economic, environmental, health and aesthetic). Both urban and rural parents presented similar attitudes to trees as well as to their children’s play environments. Among 37 statements concerning tree benefits, only five revealed statistically significant differences. The most important difference appeared in the way urban and rural parents perceived the aspects of danger. Trees were not perceived as posing any risk on playgrounds for city residents, who—unlike villagers—opposed to the removal of trees from playgrounds.
5
Alpan, K., and B. Sekeroglu. "TREE INVENTORY REGISTRATION SYSTEM." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-4/W3-2020 (November 23, 2020): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-4-w3-2020-29-2020.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. As human life develops in all aspects, nature is damaged and faced with the threat of extinction. With the increasing population, cities are expanding. The importance given to greenery and the ecological system is very low in these cities and they look like a concrete forest. However, urban trees are the most important and dominant vegetation materials that make important contributions to the city and the city people in terms of ecology, social, cultural, economic and aesthetics. A tree inventory system that will be created using GIS technologies will be very helpful in terms of both protecting the trees and tracking the forestation. In Nicosia, the capital of Northern Cyprus, the importance of the trees in the city has started to reflect on public awareness. In this study, with the GIS study carried out on the pilot region selected in Nicosia, trees were registered by using a tree registration form and ArcMap and shown on the system according to their types. The tree information stored in the database together with the data collected in 9 categories will make it easier to track trees and prevent them from being cut down. In addition, in the study, it was explained how the system should be converted into a smart city application with use of mobile technology.
6
Hadavi, Sara. "Direct and Indirect Effects of the Physical Aspects of the Environment on Mental Well-Being." Environment and Behavior 49, no. 10 (January 15, 2017): 1071–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916516679876.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated the mediating role of neighborhood satisfaction and use of outdoor spaces in the effects of the physical environment on mental well-being. Four planning/design-related aspects of the environment were examined: perceived proximity of home to green/social spaces, open lawn with trees, and building-dominated spaces as well as perceived barriers to neighborhood use. A random sample of 434 Chicago residents participated in a photo survey. The results of linear regression modeling and mediation analyses support the hypothesis that satisfaction with quality of public space and frequency of use of green/social spaces have a significant mediating role in the relationship between nearby environmental attributes and mental well-being. Perceived barriers were also found to have both direct and indirect effects on mental well-being. Recognition of the differential roles played by environmental attributes, neighborhood satisfaction, and use patterns can help guide planners/designers to create outdoor spaces that enhance urban residents’ mental well-being.
7
Domeneghini, Jennifer, Janaina Macke, and João A. R. Sarate. "Walkability Drivers for Sustainable Cities: a Pedestrian Behavior Survey." Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering 30, no. 1 (June 16, 2022): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.30.1.29756.
Full textAbstract:
The growth of cities often disordered brings several mobility challenges, both in guaranteeing public transport and creating pedestrian-friendly urban spaces. This paper aims to identify the walkability drivers in urban areas and investigate walkability behavior. The survey was carried out in southern Brazil, with a sample of 439 respondents. Data were subject to factorial analysis, regression analysis, and variance analysis. The analysis revealed four walkability drivers that explain pedestrian behavior: (i) infrastructure, (ii) traffic conditions and behavior, (iii) built and natural environments, and (iv) social relations. The results show that built and natural environments and social relations were the most significant aspects in explaining walkability’s overall perception. Concerning socio-demographic aspects, the study points out that (i) men feel safer than women when walking in the neighborhood; (ii) the presence of trees and attractive places along the street increases the walking behavior of non-sedentary people; and (iii) the perception of the neighborhood’s beauty increases with age. The research provides contributions regarding understanding the interrelated aspects of walkability behavior. Finally, the study offers relevant evidence for social researchers and urban planners by identifying walkability drivers and supporting political and academic debate elements.
8
Permadi, Dwiko Budi, Nafiatul Umami, Ananto Triyogo, Rini Pujiarti, Bekti Larasati, and Ratih Madya Septiana. "Socio-technical Aspects of Smallholder Beekeeping Adoption of Apis cerana in Wanagama Teaching Forest, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta." Buletin Peternakan 45, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v45i1.58435.
Full textAbstract:
The successful rehabilitation of Wanagama teaching forests, which began in the late of 1960s, has created a distinctive forest ecosystem. Currently the forests become the habitat of Apis cerana, enterprised by the surrounding villagers to produce natural forest honey as a non-timber forest product. This paper aims to explore the adoption of smallholder beekeeping of A. cerana, the beekeepers’ socio-economic characteristics, the potential and value of forest honey production, the distribution of bee-boxes inside the forests and potential tree sources of nectar and pollen. Data collection was carried out in July - September 2019 with in-depth interview techniques to 38 beekeepers. Field observations and ground checks were carried out on the sites where beekeepers were placing the bee-boxes in the forest. In addition, an analysis of aerial photograph images taken with drone was also carried out to identify the area of trees as sources of nectar and pollen. The results show that between 1982 and 2019 the development of the adoption of the A. cerana beekeeping increased significantly. The total production of honey from 506 bee-boxes reached 658 liters or 894.9 kg in year of 2018/2019. The number of bee-boxes placed in Wanagama was mainly distributed inside Compartment of 13, 17, 14, 16, 5, and 18. Acacia mangium, eucalyptus, cajuput and mahogany were the main types of nectar-producing trees, in addition to the abundance of flowering undergrowth plants. Many of the challenges faced by honey beekeepers included climate change, the shortage of nectar and pollen sources, pests and diseases and human disturbances. This research suggests the need for a social, institutional and technical approaches to increase the forest productivity as sources of nectar and pollen. It is suggested encouraging the smallholders to adopt beekeeping as the main livelihood alternatives in future and planting more trees in Wanagama forests.
9
Rhezandhy Gunawan, Indra Gumay Febryano, Idi Bantara, Slamet Budi Yuwono, Christine Wulandari, Hari Kaskoyo, Samsul Bakri, and Rahmat Safe’i. "Implementation of local superior plant of forest and land rehabilitation based on community perception in Girimulyo Village, East Lampung Regency, Indonesia." Global Forest Journal 2, no. 01 (January 30, 2024): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/gfj.v2i01.14222.
Full textAbstract:
Public perception is important in implementing Forest and Land Rehabilitation (FLR) in forest areas where tenure conflicts are thick. The research aims to analyze community perceptions of the implementation of FLR based on local superior plants in Girimulyo Village, Marga Sekampung District, East Lampung Regency. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire of 30 respondents determined by purposive sampling. The collected data was analyzed descriptively to analyze farmers' perceptions and their relationship to social, economic and ecological aspects. Public perception of FLR activities based on forestry plants (Trees) is included in the medium category. The public's perception of FLR based on the superior Siger avocado crop in terms of social, economic and ecological aspects is in the high category. The community realizes that FLR for local superior plants is more profitable than FLR based on forestry plants. It is necessary to increase human resources in the Mulyo Lestari Agro Forest Farmers Group in order to facilitate the administrative management process
10
Khairul, Khairul Amri. "MENJAGA LINGKUNGAN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI MIS AL ISLAM PARIT JAWAI." Atta'dib Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam 1, no. 1 (June 23, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30863/attadib.v1i1.560.
Full textAbstract:
This research is a qualitative study with a descriptive approach. This research was conducted at MIS Al-Islam Parit Jawai, Bukit Segoler Village, Tebas District, Sambas Province. Data taken in research conducted based on the reults of interviews and observations made. The focus of this research is to find out how the application of Islamic religious education in MIS Al-Islam in protecting the environment. Based on the results of research that Islamic religious education in MIS Al-Islam is not only concerned with cognitive aspects but also aspects of affective and psychomotor aspects. The activities carries out by students in protecting the environment are: Planting trees, taking out the trash, and social services carried out with the community. All activities carried out are the implementation of Islamic religious lessons in MIS Al-Islam namely, Aqidah Akhlak, Fiqh, and Al-Quran Hadits. Keywords: Environment, Learning, Islamic Education
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Trees – social aspects"
1
Marshall, Vincent Timothy. "Social aspects of communication in gray treefrogs : intraspecific and interspecific interactions /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3115569.
Full text
2
Kirkpatrick, Erin Jolene. "Green Mind Gray Yard: Micro Scale Assessment of Ecosystem Services." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/884.
Full textAbstract:
There is a spatial mismatch between the size of the area where people are living and the extent of land needed to ecologically support developed areas. More people are living in urban areas than any time in history, and the resources need to support cities have had to expand to try and meet the demands of increasing urban populations. However, areas of opportunity exist for urban areas to begin to positively contribute towards the available resources in a region. Because a large portion of urban areas is within private control, gaining a baseline understanding of how residents interact with ecosystem services served as basis of this study. Using a survey of residents in the Portland, OR area, correlations between demographic groups and questions regarding their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors as they relate to vegetation proved that the knowledge of environmental relationships is an important first step in creating pro-environmental behavior. Those reporting a high level of knowledge for ecological system and processes were more likely to value the benefits of vegetation for other associated reasons, such as for recreational activities, aesthetic purposes, and air or water quality. Additionally, survey responses were mapped to spatial data to gain an understanding of the spatial characteristics of neighborhoods in the survey area and how they have changed over time. Overall, the results in the study display trends that can help outreach organizations and municipalities to determine plans to strategically engage the public in a way that could create a net gain in urban ecosystem services.
3
Fok, Oi-ming, and 霍靄明. "Representation of effects of social exclusion in children's house-tree-person and human figure drawing tests." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45589021.
Full text
4
García, León Omar. "Tres ensayos sobre la movilidad laboral. Aspectos metodológicos y evidencia empírica." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/386534.
Full textAbstract:
Entender el territorio a partir del funcionamiento de la economía y, en forma particular, a partir del comportamiento espacial del empleo. A través de la formación de áreas geográficas para el reporte de estadísticas laborales. Midiendo y comparando la movilidad y los procesos de articulación y expansión de mercados laborales locales (MLL). Cuantificando el impacto que tiene el capital humano y la estructura laboral en la variación del empleo a nivel regional. Y ubicando geográficamente Distritos Industriales. En el primer ensayo titulado: Áreas de viaje al trabajo en España un análisis estadístico mutivariante. Se investigó como formar grupos de unidades geográficas determinadas a partir de los vínculos laborales compartidos entre municipios. La muestra fue dividida en nueve estratos. Para cada estrato se capturó la vinculación laboral entre municipios en tablas de contingencia bidimensional que muestran la cantidad los viajes al trabajo y los orígenes y destinos de las personas ocupadas en cada municipio del país. Partiendo de aquí se aplicó Análisis de Conglomerados Jerárquicos para conformar Mercados Laborales Locales (MLL). Posteriormente con el fin de medir y comparar la movilidad y los procesos de articulación y expansión de cada MLL, se analizó el comportamiento diferencial entre los años 2001 y 2011 de cuatro variables en cada MLL obtenido: autonomía de la oferta, autonomía de la demanda, empleo y cantidad de trabajadores. Teniendo en cuenta la evolución entre 2001 y 2011 de estas cuatro variables se clasificó cada MLL en cuatro comportamientos diferentes. También se encontró que el la situación de mercados superavitarios en empleos en el 2001 de los estratos hombres, mujeres y trabajadores manuales calificados, paso a ser deficitario en el 2011. El único estrato que mostro un comportamiento superavitario fue el de agricultura. Segundo ensayo titulado: Evaluación del desarrollo económico medido con variables asociadas a educación en zonas comerciales derivadas de economías de aglomeración y de ubicación en España. En este ensayo se modeló con el enfoque de regresión geográficamente ponderada, la variación del empleo en España entre 2001 y 2011 en función del capital humano y la estructura laboral que habitaba en cada municipio de la muestra en el 2001. Al utilizar regresión geográficamente ponderada se obtuvo la respuesta a las influencias geográficamente próximas de los municipios circundantes, dicha información fue resumida en mapas. Con el fin de conocer el comportamiento del empleo en función del capital humano y estructura laboral a través de todo el país. Indicando aquellas zonas con mayores oportunidades de negocio potencial. La heterogeneidad espacial reconocida en los mercados laborales, se debe a que los mercados laborales varían en su estructura, contexto social e historia, características que son particulares de cada mercado laboral, las cuales, es casi imposible que se repitan en dos o más regiones. Se encontró que la estructura del mercado laboral y el capital humano explica un porcentaje importante de la variabilidad del empleo a nivel municipal. Tercer ensayo titulado: Identificación de Distritos Industriales en México. Se utilizó un el modelo de radiación para la movilidad y la migración para estimar los flujos de viajes al trabajo entre municipios en México ante la ausencia de estos datos. Posteriormente se utilizó análisis de clúster jerárquico para determinar MLL. Utilizando como unidad geográfica de referencia los MLL obtenidos se utilizó la metodología propuesta por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística Italiano (ISTAT) para determinar cuáles de los MLL tenían características de Distrito Industrial y cuál era el agregado sectorial de manufactura preponderante en cada Distrito Industrial. Conclusiones. El posible desarrollo de políticas económicas según las circunstancias locales. Investigaciones referentes a la movilidad de los trabajadores son de mayor importancia porque permiten realizar estudios de corte socioeconómico y del comportamiento de los mercados de trabajo, con especial atención al desempleo. Permiten también llevar a cabo estudios comparativos del desempeño económico y pronósticos regionales, evaluar la competitividad y las disparidades entre regiones, e identificar territorios frágiles que requieren apoyos especiales. Las tres aplicaciones distintas se puede ver la potencialidad de las herramientas estadístico-econométricas para definir zonas relacionadas con la actividad laboral y la relevancia de la misma en distintos contextos (España, México). Los resultados obtenidos son útiles para decisores políticos o empresariales.Understand the territory from the functioning of the economy and, in particular, from the spatial behavior of employment. Through the formation of geographical areas for the reporting of labor statistics. By measuring and comparing mobility and coordination processes and expansion of local labor markets (MLL). Quantifying the impact of human capital and the labor structure in the variation of employment at the regional level. And geographically locating Industrial Districts. In the first essay entitled: Areas commutes in Spain for mutivariante statistical analysis. It was investigated as to form groups of certain geographical units from shared working relationships between municipalities. The sample was divided into nine strata. For each stratum the employment relationship between municipalities in two-dimensional contingency tables showing the number of commutes and the origins and destinations of people employed in each municipality was captured. Starting from here Hierarchical Cluster Analysis was applied to form Local Labor Markets (MLL). Later in order to measure and compare the mobility and processes of articulation and expansion of each MLL, the differential behavior between 2001 and 2011 four variables in each MLL obtained was analyzed: autonomy of supply autonomy demand, employment and number of workers. Given the evolution between 2001 and 2011 of these four variables each MLL was classified into four different behaviors. It was also found that the situation of surplus markets in jobs in 2001 Strata men, women and skilled manual workers, step into deficit in 2011. The only stratum showed a surplus behavior was that of agriculture. Second essay entitled: Evaluation of measured variables associated with education in commercial areas derived from economies of agglomeration and economic development location in Spain. In this essay was modeled with the approach of geographically weighted regression, the variation of employment in Spain between 2001 and 2011 in terms of human capital and labor structure that lived in each municipality of the sample in 2001. By using regression geographically weighted is got the answer to the geographic proximity of the surrounding municipalities influences, such information was summarized in maps. In order to understand the behavior of employment in terms of human capital and labor structure throughout the country. Indicating areas with greater potential business opportunities. The spatial heterogeneity recognized in labor markets, is because labor markets vary in their structure, social context and history, characteristics that are particular to each labor market, which is almost impossible to be repeated in two or more regions. It was found that the structure of the labor market and human capital accounts for a significant percentage of the variability of employment at the municipal level. Third essay titled: Identification of Industrial Districts in Mexico. one radiation model for mobility and migration to estimate flows commutes between municipalities in Mexico in the absence of these data was used. Hierarchical cluster analysis subsequently was used to determine MLL. Using as a geographical unit of reference the MLL obtained the methodology proposed by the Italian National Statistics Institute (ISTAT) was used to determine which of the MLL had characteristics of Industrial District and what was the leading manufacturing sector added in each Industrial District. Conclusions. The possible development of economic policies according to local circumstances. Investigations concerning the mobility of workers are most important because they allow cutting and socioeconomic studies of the behavior of labor markets, with special attention to unemployment. Allow also carry out comparative studies of economic performance and regional forecasts, assess competitiveness and disparities between regions, and identify vulnerable areas that require special support. Three different applications can see the potential of econometric statistical-defining work activity related areas and the relevance of it in different contexts (Spain, Mexico) tools. The results are useful for political and business decision-makers.
5
Nogueira, Eliete Jussara. "Rede de relações sociais : um estudo transversal com homens e mulheres pertencentes a tres grupos etarios." [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/253597.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Anita Liberalesso NeriTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-29T05:58:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nogueira_ElieteJussara_D.pdf: 353161 bytes, checksum: 4fcd558b26ccb141e1fde0aae6ade39e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001
Doutorado
6
Nilsson, Lannerstedt Katarina. "Location decisions regarding forest plantations in Brazil : Which aspects are important to actors in the Brazilian tree industry?" Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-266973.
Full textAbstract:
Brazilian productive forest plantations and sustainability is a continuous subject of debate, since such forest plantations constitute an increasing proportion of the Brazilian forest cover, and because of documented instances where some establishments have resulted in negative impacts on local ecosystems and communities. Meanwhile, balancing economic, environmental and social sustainability is becoming an important concern in industrial decision-making given the increasing importance of the global sustainability goals. The aim of this study is to investigate the contemporary decision context in which companies in the Brazilian tree industry select locations for forest plantations in Brazil. Special focus is devoted to how sustainability aspects are included in such decisions, as well as the roles assigned to possible mechanisms for sustainable development, such as Brazilian policy, legislation and independent forest certification. A qualitative research strategy is employed, which encompasses a literature review and semi-structured interviews with industry practitioners in two segments of the industry, whose perceptions are triangulated with perspectives of relevant non-industry actors. Grounded theory is used to analyse the qualitative data. The findings from the literature and the qualitative data are synthesised, and several hypotheses are consequently developed regarding forest plantation location decisions and sustainability in Brazil. The hypotheses evolve around the finding that strategic, economic, environmental and social perspectives are perceived as present in contemporary decision-making, in certified pulp and paper companies. Moreover, a hypothesis of general character is developed based on the synthesised findings, which is that forest plantations can be the subject of integrated location and sustainability analyses, where the problem can be formulated as finding an optimal location for a forest plantation from a three-dimensional sustainability perspective. Finally, some prospects for further integrated research about forest plantation location and sustainability are presented.Denna studie handlar om brasilianska skogsplanteringar och expansionen av planteringar som ägs av företag i landets, så kallade ”trädindustri”. Studien fokuserar på produktiva skogsplanteringar av introducerade arter, för vilka intresset har vuxit parallellt med att de har expanderat till yta under de senaste decennierna. Intresset har även vuxit eftersom federala beslutsfattare har lyft fram skogsplanteringar som ett verktyg för att minska landets koldioxidutsläpp och stimulera ekonomisk utveckling. Produktiva brasilianska skogsplanteringar och hållbarhet är ett kontinuerligt föremål för debatt. Den befintliga litteraturen om expansionen av sådana planteringar indikerar att företag i landets trädindustri inte alltid har balanserat de ekonomiska, miljömässiga och sociala hållbarhetsdimensionerna i sina beslut gällande var planteringar ska anläggas. I vissa fall har besluten resulterat i negativa följder för lokala ekosystem och samhällen. Vidare finns det, såvitt författaren vet, inga studier som behandlar lokaliseringsbeslut gällande sådana brasilianska skogsplanteringar och alla de tre hållbarhetsdimensionerna. Därför syftar denna studie till att förbättra förståelsen för det samtida beslutssammanhang i vilket företag i den brasilianska trädindustrin väljer platser för sina skogsplanteringar, samt hur hållbarhetsaspekter omfattas i sådana beslut. Som ett led i denna strävan undersöks möjliga platsfaktorer, rumsliga begränsningar och andra beslutsaspekter, liksom vilken roll företag tilldelar specifika mekanismer för hållbar utveckling, såsom brasiliansk policy, lagstiftning och oberoende skogscertifiering. En kvalitativ forskningsstrategi antas för att genomföra undersökningen. En litteraturöversikt kombineras med semistrukturerade intervjuer med branschutövare i två segment av den brasilianska trädindustrin. Deras uppfattningar trianguleras med perspektiv från relevanta aktörer utanför branschen. Urvalet av deltagarna för studien genomfördes på plats i Brasilien 2015 till 2016 och resulterade i 13 brasilianska intervjudeltagare. Intervjuerna genomfördes sedan på olika platser i Brasilien under 2016. Grundad teori används som forskningsmetod för att analysera insamlad kvalitativ data. Två huvudteman, flera sekundära teman och ett koncept härleds från de kvalitativa data som samlades in, vilka främst grundar sig i uppfattningar gällande brasilianska massa- och pappersföretag. Flera beslutsfaktorer och begränsningar som kan påverka placeringen av brasilianska skogsplanteringar identifieras också. Det kan konstateras att aktörerna i urvalet i studien uppfattar det som att strategiska, ekonomiska, miljömässiga och sociala perspektiv är närvarande i dagens lokaliseringsbeslut, utförda av certifierade, brasilianska massa- och pappersföretag. En viktig begränsning i studien är att dess utforskande karaktär hindrar författaren från att presentera några ”sanningar” om ämnet som undersöks, eller att dra slutsatser om företagens verkliga handlingar. Därför presenteras istället ett antal hypoteser som gäller Brasilien, men även en hypotes av generell karaktär. Den generella hypotesen är att skogsplanteringar kan vara föremål för integrerad lokaliserings- och hållbarhetsanalys, där problemet kan formuleras som att hitta optimala platser för skogsplanteringar ur ett tredimensionellt hållbarhetsperspektiv. Med tanke på begränsningarna i studien, samt associerade osäkerheter som hypoteserna gällande det brasilianska fallet är befästa med, är rekommendationen att fortsatta studier först koncentrerar sig på att testa den allmänna hypotesen. Om fortsatta studier på nationell nivå visar sig vara fördelaktiga efter sådana tester, uppmuntras forskare att återvända till sammanfattningen av branschperspektiv, återstående frågor och hypoteser som tillgängliggörs för fortsatt forskning om Brasilien genom denna studie.
Este estudo trata das florestas plantadas brasileiras, e da expansão de plantios pertencentes a empresas da indústria brasileira de árvores plantadas. O estudo tem foco nas florestas plantadas produtivas de espécies introduzidas, pelas quais se teve um aumento no interesse paralelamente à sua expansão geográfica nas últimas décadas. O interesse também aumentou ao destaque dado aos plantios florestais pelo governo federal como uma ferramenta para reduzir as emissões de dióxido de carbono do país, e estimular o desenvolvimento econômico. As florestas plantadas produtivas brasileiras e a sustentabilidade são constantemente temas de debate. A literatura existente sobre essa expansão indica que as empresas da indústria brasileira de árvores plantadas nem sempre equilibram as três dimensões de sustentabilidade ao decidir onde plantar suas florestas. Em alguns casos as decisões resultam em impactos negativos nos ecossistemas e comunidades locais. Além disso, com base no conhecimento da autora, não existem estudos que tratem das decisões de localização das florestas plantadas brasileiras e de todas essas três dimensões da sustentabilidade. Por tanto, este estudo tem como objetivo melhorar a compreensão do contexto atual de tomada de decisões em que as empresas na indústria brasileira de árvores plantadas escolhem os locais para suas florestas plantadas, e como os aspectos de sustentabilidade são incluídos em tais decisões. Como parte desse empenho, são examinadas possíveis limitações e outros aspectos de tomada de decisão, bem como o papel que as empresas atribuem à certos mecanismos para o desenvolvimento sustentável, como a política brasileira, a legislação e a certificação florestal. Uma estratégia de pesquisa qualitativa é adotada para conduzir a pesquisa. Uma revisão de literatura é combinada com entrevistas semiestruturadas com profissionais em dois segmentos da indústria brasileira de árvores plantadas. Suas percepções são trianguladas com perspectivas de atores relevantes de fora da indústria. A amostra de participantes do estudo foi realizada no Brasil entre 2015 e 2016 e resultou em 13 participantes. As entrevistas foram então realizadas em diversos locais no Brasil em 2016. É utilizada a teoria fundamentada nos dados como método de pesquisa para analisar os dados qualitativos coletados. São extraídos dois temas principais, diversos temas secundários e um conceito a partir dos dados qualitativos coletados, baseados principalmente nas percepções das empresas brasileiras de papel e celulose. Vários fatores de decisão que podem influenciar a localização das plantações florestais também são identificados. Observa-se que os participantes da amostra do estudo percebem que perspectivas estratégicas, econômicas, ambientais e sociais estão presentes nas decisões atuais de localização, realizadas por empresas certificadas de celulose e papel. Uma importante limitação do estudo é que sua característica exploratória impede que a pesquisadora apresente “verdades” sobre o assunto investigado, ou tire conclusões sobre os atos das empresas. Portanto, são apresentadas várias hipóteses aplicáveis ao Brasil, mas também uma hipótese de caráter geral. A hipótese geral é que as plantações florestais podem estar sujeitas a análises integradas de localização e sustentabilidade, onde o problema pode ser formulado como encontrar um local ideal para uma plantação florestal a partir de uma perspectiva tridimensional de sustentabilidade. Dadas as limitações do estudo, bem como as incertezas associadas às quais as hipóteses do Brasil estão relacionadas, a recomendação é que novos estudos se concentrem primeiro em testar a hipótese geral. Caso novos estudos em nível nacional forem benéficos após esses testes, os pesquisadores são incentivados a retornar ao resumo das perspectivas da indústria, das questões remanescentes e das hipóteses disponibilizadas para futuras pesquisas sobre o Brasil por meio deste estudo.
7
Macassi, Lavander Sandro. "El tratamiento informativo según el ciclo de vida de los conflictos socioambientales : un estudio comparativo de tres casos en medios regionales y nacionales." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/4529.
Full textAbstract:
La tesis trata sobre cómo los medios de comunicación regionales y nacionales abordan los
conflictos socioambientales. Es un estudio exploratorio cuantitativo basado en una muestra
de 12 medios, de cuatro regiones. Se seleccionaron las noticias de tres conflictos: El
proyecto minero Conga en Cajamarca, el Proyecto Minero Tía María en Arequipa y la
Ampliación de la Concentradora Toquepala en Tacna. Las noticias estudiadas
correspondieron al ciclo de vida de cada conflicto, es decir las fases de: Latencia,
escalamiento, crisis, desescalamiento y la de relatencia, abarcando 167 días de análisis y un
total de 1080 noticias publicadas.
Se realizó una amplia revisión teórica de la literatura internacional sobre los conflictos y la
transformación de los mismos, Así mismo se realizó una revisión de la agenda mediática, la
visibilidad de problemáticas en medios, los emarcamientos mediáticos, discutiendo la
confluencia de ambas disciplinas, la comunicación para el desarrollo y la transformación de
conflictos, sobre la capacidad que los medios tienen para incidir en las dinámicas, en los
procesos y en la construcción social de los conflictos y su contribución a su transformación.
Los resultados muestran que la cobertura de conflictos se concentra en la fase de crisis y en
los hechos de violencia. Además, recurre como fuentes principales al gobierno nacional y
los líderes de las protestas, centrándose en las élites políticas y dejando de lado a la
población. Así mismo, los medios al escenificar los conflictos generan un espacio donde se
reproduce y amplía la conflictividad, presentando noticias sin una pluralidad, con
enmarques de confrontación, desarrollando roles parcializados en contra de los actores de
las protestas. Así mismo se agrega una segunda capa de politización al conflicto, dejando
de lado discusión sobre las necesidades y el acceso a los recursos cuyo abordaje es necesario para la transformación del conflicto.Tesis
8
Tafur, Puente Rosa María. "Las competencias directivas en la gestión de tres instituciones educativas escolares de Lima." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/13588.
Full textAbstract:
Ante la preocupación de las instituciones educativas escolares así como del Ministerio
de Educación por el desempeño de los directores en su gestión, y considerando que el
perfil profesional y personal para el cargo pasa por el desarrollo de competencias
relacionadas con las funciones que realiza un director en su puesto, la presente
investigación relaciona las competencias directivas reconocidas como importantes por
las directoras de tres instituciones educativas escolares de Lima, con las competencias
que ejercen en su gestión. Para ello se plantea la siguiente pregunta:
¿Cómo las directoras de tres instituciones educativas particulares de Lima
ejercen en la gestión escolar, las competencias que reconocen como
importantes?. En la medida que se conozcan las formas en que las directoras aplican
competencias profesionales en las tareas directivas, se pueden generalizar desde las
políticas públicas sociales correspondientes.
Los objetivos de la investigación son: 1.Describir las competencias que las directoras
de tres instituciones educativas de gestión privada de Lima reconocen como importantes
en su gestión escolar, 2.Analizar las competencias que las directoras ejercen en su
gestión escolar y 3.Analizar el interés que tienen las directoras por el trabajo que realizan
y sus aspiraciones en el cargo.
Es una investigación aplicada, diagnóstica, de tipo descriptivo que pretende analizar una
situación específica delimitada temporalmente e inscrita dentro de un contexto
determinado. Se desarrolla con una metodología mixta. Para recoger la información se
emplean los siguientes instrumentos: cuestionario, orientaciones para juego de roles,
guía de observación, guía de entrevista semiestructurada y ficha de revisión
documental. Se recoge la información de las diferentes fuentes, la misma que es
triangulada para su análisis e interpretación.
La investigación es un aporte al campo de la Gerencia Social por cuanto sus resultados
pueden constituirse en insumos para el desarrollo de estrategias incluidas en los
programas destinados a mejorar la calidad de atención educativa escolar. Asimismo, la
investigación colabora en “la gerencia de servicios, programas y proyectos sociales”
(PUCP, 2014: s/p) en la medida que brinda características
3
específicas para mejorar el perfil real del director escolar y que pueden servir como
referentes para el diseño de un perfil ideal de competencias directivas escolares que
formen parte de políticas públicas destinadas al mejoramiento de la gestión escolar y
por ende de la enseñanza y del aprendizaje.
Una política social sobre el desarrollo de competencias profesionales y personales en
la formación de los docentes, tanto inicial como continua sería el primer paso para que
los futuros directivos escolares cuenten con un perfil adecuado que les sirva en el
cumplimiento de sus funciones. De esa manera se podría disminuir la variable
institucional como factor importante del fracaso y deserción escolar.
La investigación constituye un aporte al conocimiento en la Gerencia Social puesto que
sus resultados brindan información sobre las distintas formas como los actores sociales
(directoras) interactúan en y con el proceso educativo desde su función de gestoras de
instituciones educativas escolares de Lima. Asimismo, la investigación analiza las
competencias que las directoras reconocen como importantes en su gestión escolar y
las que ejercen durante el desarrollo de la misma. Además, se indican los distintos
espacios de interacción de las directoras en el proceso de gestión escolar y los niveles
de participación generados desde los cargos que desempeñan.
Entre los resultados más resaltantes se evidencia que las directoras de las tres
instituciones educativas de gestión privada de Lima reconocen competencias
importantes en la gestión escolar. Sin embargo, a pesar de la valoración que hacen de
ellas y de la percepción que tienen sobre su ejercicio en la gestión que dirigen, en la
práctica cumplen con algunas competencias referidas a la atención de los docentes,
dejando de lado la ejecución de las demás porque les demanda bastante tiempo el
realizar actividades de monitoreo y de acompañamiento a los profesores. Asimismo,
descuidan las necesidades, intereses y demandas de los estudiantes debido a que no
los escuchan directamente, no tienen tiempo para visitarlos en las aulas con regularidad,
ni tampoco para interesarse en sus proyectos. La gestión de las directoras se ve limitada
por la falta de autonomía en la planificación de los procesos. Ejercen de distintas
maneras las competencias que reconocen como importantes en su gestión escolar.The concern of educational institutions as well as the Ministry of Education for the performance of the directors in their management, and considering that the professional and personal profile for the position goes through the development of competencies related to the functions performed by a director in her position, the present investigation relates the managerial competences recognized as important by the directors of three educational institutions of Lima, with the competences that they exert in their management. To this end, the following question arises: How do the directors of three private educational institutions in Lima exercise in school management the competences they recognize as important? Insofar as it is known the ways in which the directors apply professional competences in the managerial tasks, they can be generalized from the corresponding social public policies. The objectives of the research are: 1. To describe the competences that the directors of three privately-run educational institutions in Lima recognize as important in their school management; 2. Analyze the competencies that the directors exercise in their school management; and 3. Analyze the Interest that the directors have for the work they carry out and their aspirations in the position. It is an applied research, diagnostic, of descriptive type that tries to analyze a specific situation delimited temporally and inscribed within a determined context. It is developed with a mixed methodology. To collect the information, the following instruments are used: questionnaire, focus group guide, observation guide, semi-structured interview guide and document review sheet. Information from different sources is collected, which is triangulated for analysis and interpretation. The research is a contribution to the field of Social Management because its results can constitute inputs for the development of strategies included in the programs aimed at improving the quality of school education. The research also collaborates in "the management of services, programs and social projects" (PUCP, 2014: s/p) to the extent that it offers specific characteristics to improve the real profile of the school director and that can serve as references for The design of an ideal profile of school leadership competencies that are part of public policies aimed at improving school management and therefore teaching and learning. 5 A social policy on the development of professional and personal skills in teacher training, both initial and continuous, would be the first step for future school managers to have an adequate profile that will serve them in the fulfillment of their functions. In this way, the institutional variable can be reduced as an important factor of school failure and dropout. The research is a contribution to knowledge in Social Management since its results provide information on the different ways in which social actors (directors) interact in and with the educational process from their role as managers of educational institutions in Lima. In addition, the research analyzes the competencies that the principals recognize as important in their school management and those that they exert during the development of the same. In addition, they indicate the different spaces of interaction of the directors in the process of school management and the levels of participation generated from the positions they play. Among the most noteworthy results, it is evident that the directors of Lima's three privately run educational institutions recognize important competencies in school management. However, in spite of the assessment they make of them and the perception they have of their exercise in the management they lead, in practice they fulfill some competences related to the attention of teachers, leaving aside the execution of the others because it takes them enough time to carry out monitoring and accompaniment activities for teachers. They also neglect the needs, interests and demands of students because they do not listen directly, do not have time to visit them in the classroom on a regular basis, nor to take an interest in their projects. The management of the directors is limited by the lack of autonomy in the planning of the processes. They exercise in different ways the competences that they recognize as important in their school management.
Tesis
9
Carrió, Arumí Joan. "Catalunya en l'estructura militar de la monarquia hispànica (1556-1640). Tres aspectes: les fortificacions, els soldats i els allotjaments." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2077.
Full textAbstract:
El contingut d'aquesta tesi es divideix en tres aspectes: les fortificacions, els soldats i els allotjaments. El primer es centra en primer lloc a conèixer de quina forma van acusar les fortificacions catalanes la introducció a principis de l'Edat Moderna dels mètodes de construcció derivats del conjunt de novetats introduïdes per el que es coneix com la Revolució Militar, el més sobresortint dels quals va ser sens dubte l'edificació de perímetres de muralles poligonals flanquejades pels baluards. Una altra qüestió del capítol és l'aprofundiment en les repercussions financeres a Catalunya d'aquesta nova forma construir les fortaleses, abraçant des d'aquesta perspectiva a partir de la construcció del nou castell de Salses (1497-1503) fins a les fortificacions dels anys immediats a la guerra dels Segadors. Al capdavall es troben evidències suficients que permeten afirmar que Catalunya va assumir en la seva major part el cost de la construcció i manteniment de les seves fortificacions al llarg de tot el període abans indicat. Malgrat tot hi va haver alguna excepció a aquest autofinançament, la més notable de les quals va ser la fortalesa nova de Salses, que es va fer amb diners procedents de la hisenda castellana.Pel que fa al segon aspecte sobre els soldats s'exposa en primer lloc un nou model de classificació de les tropes presents a Catalunya abans de la guerra dels Segadors, atès que els que ha plantejat la historiografia fins al moment no reeixien a donar una imatge global del conjunt d'efectius militars en servei. Un altre aspecte que es desenvolupa és l'evolució del model d'administració militar descrit per I.A. Thompson per al conjunt de la Monarquia Hispànica, el qual ha pogut ser constatat amb les dades ofertes per la documentació consultada. És així que es presta una especial atenció a la descripció dels sistemes de mobilització i mètodes de lleva, així com a les competències que al llarg de l'Edat Moderna va tenir i desenvolupar la Diputació del General i altres institucions locals en aquesta qüestió.
També es fa una aproximació al servei d'armes dels catalans als exèrcits de la Monarquia Hispànica fora de Catalunya. Es comprova que van ser presents a les conquestes i accions de defensa de les places nord africanes, en les tropes permanents als estats italians, i fins i tot a Flandes.
Finalment també es tracten en el aquest capítol els mitjans militars utilitzats en la lluita contra el bandolerisme, a més de la relació entre aquest fenomen i l'exèrcit a través de les remissions de bandolers a canvi del servei en el segon.
L'exposició del tercer aspecte dels allotjaments es fa de forma cronològica des dels inicis de l'Edat Moderna fins a la guerra dels Segadors. Igualment s'aprofundeix en el significat fiscal del fenomen a partir del plantejament que en va fer Eva Serra, autora que va considerar els allotjaments un expedient fiscal de la corona a Catalunya gens menyspreable si se li afegien altres com la tala de llenya per a la fàbrica reial de galeres, els carretatges fins a les Drassanes de Barcelona i els bagatges o transport de pertrets militars i de soldats pel territori. També se'n fa l'anàlisi de les implicacions polítiques, tant des d'un punt de vista legal com institucional.
La suma dels tres aspectes permet establir un marc de referència per a situar el paper de Catalunya en l'estructura militar de la Monarquia Hispànica des de principis de l'Edat Moderna fins a la guerra dels Segadors de forma més precisa que la que fins ara era possible fer.
The content of this thesis is divided into three aspects: the fortifications, soldiers and troops accommodations. The aproach to the first aspect begins to know how the Catalan fortifications accused the introduction in early modern age of construction methods derived from the set of innovations wich is known as the Military Revolution. Another issue that is discussed is the deepening of the financial implications of this new form in Catalonia in order to build strengths from 1497 until the immediate war of the Reapers (Segadors).
Regarding the second aspect of the soldiers it is made a new classification model of troops present in Catalonia before the war of the Reapers. Then it's possible to see the evolution of military administration model described by Ian A. Thompson set for the monarchy, paying special attention to the description of systems and methods of mobilization leads to Catalonia. It also describes the competencies throughout the modern age had developed the Diputació del General and other local government institutions on this issue.
About the Catalans weapon service in the armies of Hispanic Monarchy outside Catalonia checks that they were present in all battle theatres where that fought. Finally this chapter focuses in the military units used against banditry.
The approach to the third aspect of the troops accommodations is chronologically made along the period treated. But also deepens the meaning of the fiscal phenomenon, as well as analysis of its political implications, both from a legal standpoint and institutional.
In short the sum of the three aspects can establish a framework to place better than has been done untill now the role of Catalonia in the military structure of the Hispanic Monarchy since the beginning of the Modern Age to the war of the Reapers.
10
Drut-Hours, Marie François Étienne Wahl Alfred. "CONTRIBUTION A L'HISTOIRE DE L'AUFKLARUNG : ETUDE COMPARATIVE DU PROCESSUS DANS LES MILIEUX CATHOLIQUES ET PROTESTANTS. L'EXEMPLE DES COMMUNAUTES DE DEUX-PONTS ET DE TREVES /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1999. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1999/Drut_Hours.Marie.LMZ9903_1.pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "Trees – social aspects"
1
Dewees, Peter A. An economic and social history of trees and factor processes in Murang'a District, Kenya : a draft report. [Oxford, England]: Oxford Forestry Institute, 1989.
Find full text
2
Hrušková, Marie. Kult stromů v zemích Koruny české. Praha: Abonent ND [i.e. Národní divadlo], 2005.
Find full text
3
Kaza, Stephanie. The attentive heart: Conversations with trees. Boston: Shambhala, 1996.
Find full text
4
Kaza, Stephanie. The attentive heart: Conversations with trees. New York: Fawcett Columbine, 1993.
Find full text
5
Nadkarni, Nalini. Between earth and sky: Our intimate connections to trees. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008.
Find full text
6
Hayman, Richard. Trees: Woodlands and Western civilization. London: Hambledon and London, 2003.
Find full text
7
Utting, Peter. Trees, people, and power. London: Earthscan, 2009.
Find full text
8
Daily, Gretchen C. The power of trees. San Antonio, Tex: Trinity University Press, 2012.
Find full text
9
McDonald, Roger. The tree in changing light. Milsons Point, NSW: Vintage, 2002.
Find full text
10
Sullivan, William C. Do trees strengthen urban communities, reduce domestic violence? Atlanta, GA: USDA Forest Service, Southern Region, Urban & Community Forestry Assistance Program, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Trees – social aspects"
1
Moen, Kåre, Elia John Mmbaga, Alexander Mwijage Ishungisa, and Melkizedeck Thomas Leshabari. "Hardship, Public Health, Heshima, Lube and Problem Trees: Forces Shaping Grassroots Organizing Against HIV Among Same-Sex Attracted Men in Dar es Salaam." In Social Aspects of HIV, 93–115. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73726-9_5.
Full text
2
Bosselmann, Aske Skovmand, Sylvester Afram Boadi, Mette Fog Olwig, and Richard Asare. "Social Challenges and Opportunities in Agroforestry: Cocoa Farmers’ Perspectives." In Agroforestry as Climate Change Adaptation, 93–119. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45635-0_4.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractAgroforestry practices in cocoa cultivation have historical roots going back to the Mayan sacred groves in Mesoamerica. Today, agroforestry cocoa, i.e., the integration of shade trees, plants and crops in cocoa systems, is promoted as a climate smart practice by public and private institutions. Shaded cocoa can sustain or even increase cocoa yields and the agroforestry systems may provide additional output for household consumption and sale as well as improve the microclimate and soil conditions on the farm. Despite these promising features, cocoa agroforestry systems are far from the norm in producing countries like Ghana. Based on discussions with groups of farmers across the Ghanaian cocoa belt, this chapter shows that while farmers are well aware of the positive aspects of shaded cocoa systems, traditional cocoa practices, village chiefs’ command of local land uses, land and tree tenure systems, alternative land uses and inability to access inputs and extension services limit the adoption and constrain the management of shade trees. As still more policies are developed to improve the Ghanaian cocoa sector, policymakers must consider these often overlooked social and institutional factors that prevent cocoa farmers from engaging in longer-term agroforestry practices and thereby benefiting from the opportunities they present.
3
Ruckdeschel, Mattes, Ringo Baumann, and Gregor Wiedemann. "Argument Mining of Attack and Support Patterns in Dialogical Conversations with Sequential Pattern Mining." In Robust Argumentation Machines, 39–56. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-63536-6_3.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractArgument mining usually operates on short, decontextualized argumentative units such as main and subordinate clauses, or full sentences as proxies for arguments. Argumentation in digital media environments, however, is embedded in larger contexts. Especially on social media platforms, argumentation unfolds in dialog threads or tree structures where users interact with each other. To reveal patterns of such interactions, we transform 2.5 million tweets from 38k German Twitter conversations concerning nuclear energy from 2017, 2019, and 2021 into an abstract representation encoding their stance, and aspects. We then apply Sequential Pattern Mining, a common method for finding patterns in large databases, and explore its capabilities to investigate typical argumentation schemes in user debates. The approach reveals distinct patterns of support and attack relations between pro and contra arguments about nuclear energy in conversational threads when comparing different time slices of our corpus. For example, we are seeing an increasing relevance of the climate aspect in attacks on anti-nuclear arguments. However, the pro arguments are increasingly being countered by cost aspects. Analyzing this diachronic change of patterns allows us to describe the discursive processes of argumentation on a macro level that drive the slow but steady transformation of a society’s social and political convictions.
4
Ghiandelli, Enno. "Il socialismo liberale: Carlo Rosselli." In Studi e saggi, 149–69. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-455-7.06.
Full textAbstract:
In order to investigate issues somehow neglected, the paper tries to carefully outline both the economic and institutional aspect and the origins and development of the Florentine anti-fascist thought. Much has been written about Carlo Rosselli's liberal socialism; still interpretations are often based more on subjective views than on in-depth studies, and this is especially true when it is the current political situation which tries to interpret Rosselli’s thought. Several scholars approached Carlo Rosselli’s thought assuming that the adjective ‘liberal’ can be translated as ‘liberalistic’, that the noun ‘socialist’ can be replaced with ‘welfare’ (of a moderate sort in addition), and finally that the State he theorized proves little interventionist in social and economic life; but this does not seem to be a correct interpretative key.
5
Rametta, Gaetano. "La concezione del lavoro in Fichte." In Idee di lavoro e di ozio per la nostra civiltà, 617–25. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0319-7.71.
Full textAbstract:
The following paper tries to show the different aspects of Fichte’s conception of labour. First of all, labour means the activity of appropriation through which man makes the world his own property. It is also a fundamental right of man as a free subject and as a citizen of the State. Finally it is necessary for man’s self-development and education. In this sense, Fichte stresses the importance of multiplying labour’s productivity, in order to free a large amount of time to be dedicated to the intellectual and creative activities of man’s spirit. That implies that all the members of society have to give their contribution to the well-being of their community and that the social wealth has to be equally distributed among all members of the State.
6
Chen, Huai, Shan Wang, Suning Huang, Lei Zhang, Nairu Wang, and Lijun Zhu. "Shoreline Carrying Capacity Assessment Based on Satellite Remote Sensing Image: A Case Study of the Nanjing Reach of the Yangtze River." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 1236–47. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_108.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractResearch on shoreline carrying capacity is of great practical significance to promote the sustainable development of shoreline. Taking into account five aspects of shoreline health, resource supply, environmental pollution, ecological service and social service, the evaluation index system of shoreline carrying capacity was systematically established. Taking the Nanjing reach of the Yangtze River as a typical case, the variation trend of shoreline carrying capacity in recent 40 years was analyzed. The Landsat satellite remote sensing images from 1984 to 2020 were collected. The classification regression tree (CART) algorithm was used to classify the land use types in the remote sensing images, and then evaluation indexes of shoreline carrying capacity were calculated. The results show that the shoreline carrying capacity of the Nanjing reach was basically stable from 1984 to 2003. With the large-scale development and utilization of the shoreline since 2003, the carrying capacity of the Nanjing reach gradually decreased and approached the warning line. Due to the implementation of restrictive measures such as “action to clear the four chaos” and “the operation of responsibility system on river/lake leaders” by Chinese government after 2018, the carrying capacity of the Nanjing reach has rebounded rapidly. With the help of Mann-Kendall (MK) mutation analysis method, the mutation point of the time series of the shoreline carrying capacity of the Nanjing reach was found to occur in 1991, 2012 and 2018. The research results can help to discover unsustainably social and economic activities, put forward the productivity layout adjustment, and guide corresponding management measures in the reach.
7
Serafim, Paulo Bruno, Pierluigi Crescenzi, Gizem Gezici, Eleonora Cappuccio, Salvatore Rinzivillo, and Fosca Giannotti. "Exploring Large Language Models Capabilities to Explain Decision Trees." In HHAI 2024: Hybrid Human AI Systems for the Social Good. IOS Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia240183.
Full textAbstract:
Decision trees are widely adopted in Machine Learning tasks due to their operation simplicity and interpretability aspects. However, following the decision process path taken by trees can be difficult in a complex scenario or in a case where a user has no familiarity with them. Prior research showed that converting outcomes to natural language is an accessible way to facilitate understanding for non-expert users in several tasks. More recently, there has been a growing effort to use Large Language Models (LLMs) as a tool for providing natural language texts. In this paper, we examine the proficiency of LLMs to explain decision tree predictions in simple terms through the generation of natural language explanations. By exploring different textual representations and prompt engineering strategies, we identify capabilities that strengthen LLMs as a competent explainer as well as highlight potential challenges and limitations, opening further research possibilities on natural language explanations for decision trees.
8
Osinska, Veslava, and Grzegorz Osinski. "Shapes and Patterns in Visualizing Human Knowledge." In Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology, 17–31. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4990-1.ch002.
Full textAbstract:
Excel or similar statistical software offers a lot of possibilities to generate different kinds of charts and diagrams. Throughout the variety of graphical representations, one can find common features among elementary patterns they consist of. Circles (spheres in 3D information space) and trees as effective and ergonomic shapes are the base of known historical and contemporary visualization techniques. The chapter introduces the most popular and ergonomic methods for visualizing large-scale data. The authors strive to find common visual properties in relation to their historical archetypes. The discussion about a series of both technical and aesthetical issues is also included.
9
Narang, Gopi Chand. "The Rhetorical Aspects of the Urdu Ghazal." In The Urdu Ghazal, translated by Surinder Deol, 197–232. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190120795.003.0005.
Full textAbstract:
The Urdu ghazal is truly an Indian invention. Although initially it borrowed themes and legendary references from the Persian and Arab cultures, with the passage of time it became the mirror-image of blended Indian culture. The chapter explains how the ghazal incorporates Indian mythologies like the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, social and geographical features like rivers, festivals, customs and rituals, flowers and flowering trees, birds and animals, seasons and climate, cities and places, and finally music and ragas.
10
Lumsden, Linda F., and Andrew F. Bennett. "Flexibility and Specificity in the Roosting Ecology of the Lesser Long-Eared Bat, Nyctophilus geoffroyi: A Common and Widespread Australian Species." In Functionaland Evolutionary Ecology of Bats, 290–307. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195154726.003.0016.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract An increasing body of literature suggests that tree-cavity roosting bats are selective in their use of roosts. By comparing aspects of roosting ecology for which there is a high level of specificity with those where roost use appears more flexible, we may gain a better understanding of the key influences on roost selection. Here we review eight studies on the roosting ecology of the lesser long-eared bat, Nyctophilus geoffroyi, a common and widespread vespertilionid in Australia. Nyctophilus geoffroyi is flexible in the distribution of roost sites, with roosts occurring in urban, rural, and a wide range of natural environments. While predominantly roosting in tree cavities, individuals (especially males) also use other natural and artificial roost sites. Tree roosts include a range of forms and orientations, but roosts located under bark and in fissures are common, frequently with a northerly orientation. A strong preference is shown by both sexes for roosts in dead trees, and entrance dimensions of roosts are consistently narrow (2.5–2.8 cm). Males predominantly roost solitarily, while females form larger colonies, especially while breeding. In some studies, females displayed a significant preference for roosts in larger trees, especially for maternity roosts, but this pattern was not consistent in all areas. In all studies, individuals shifted roosts frequently (every 1–2 days), and these roosts occurred within restricted areas. We suggest that key influences on roosting ecology for this species are the thermal requirements of roosts, the risk of predation, social organization within populations, and the pattern of roost availability in the landscape.
Conference papers on the topic "Trees – social aspects"
1
Bullee, Jan-Willem H., Lorena Montoya, Wolter Pieters, Marianne Junger, and Pieter H. Hartel. "Regression nodes: extending attack trees with data from social sciences." In 2015 Workshop on Socio-Technical Aspects in Security and Trust (STAST). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/stast.2015.11.
Full text
2
Kodors, Sergejs, Imants Zarembo, Ginta Majore, Edgars Rubauskis, and Lienite Litavniece. "Digital twin modelling for smart fruit-growing: eco-cyber-physical system 4+1 architecture." In 22nd International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2023.22.tf140.
Full textAbstract:
The continuous evolution of technology and industrial revolutions provides new horizons for the application of smart solutions in every aspect of human lives. At the same time, it causes new social and engineering challenges, which require appropriate methodologies and solutions to overcome them. A smart orchard is an example of an eco-cyber-physical system. Modelling of an eco-cyber-physical system is more complex than simple software development because the complexity quickly grows together with the amount of interconnected components. The difficulties come together with various fruit tree species (in our case apples, pears, and cherries), related technologies and orchard systems. Such systems differ even in the frame of one species like apple trees (rootstocks effect on the tree size; planting density; tree canopy training systems, etc.) and some production risk-reducing technologies (rain and hail, against birds and insects protecting covering systems), as well as agricultural machinery movement in the site. An additional accelerator of complexity growth is the development of eco-cyber-physical and data-driven decision-making paradigms, which propose business-driven development considering ecological and technical aspects together within cyberspace. As a result, the product of synergy is a digital twin paradigm, which provides digital mirrors for artificial intelligence to monitor and manipulate the physical world considering environmental aspects. This article presents the digital twin “4 + 1” model of a smart orchard, which is described using modern visual notations like 4EM for project view, ARTSS for logical view, OPM for process view, IoT-adapted UML component diagram for physical view and spatial map for deployment view. The proposed methodology offers a roadmap for design and development of smart solutions in fruit-growing to predict the yield and potential of income generation in the early stages of the season.
3
Simovski, Bojan, and Jane Acevski. "Some Dendrological Phenomena in Mavrovo National Park, North Macedonia." In 3rd International Congress on Engineering and Life Science. Prensip Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61326/icelis.2023.30.
Full textAbstract:
This research relates to occurrence of some morphological and ecological features of native woody plants in Mavrovo National Park situated in north-western Republic of North Macedonia on an area of about 73,000 ha. The Park represents more than 45% of the dendroflora and nearly 19% of the forest communities in the country. The observations were done during the past fifteen years covering different aspects of both individual and social life of the dendroflora, and various ecological conditions. In this context, dozen dendrological phenomena were found to be important to note. Namely, very old individual trees of the Balkan endemic species and Arcto-Tertiary relic of horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) thriving as riparian population were found; old European hop-hornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia) individuals on remote sites; old Austrian pine (Pinus nigra), and sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) trees; old groves of common ash (Fraxinus excelsior), and of Austrian pine; firs (Abies borisii-regis and A. alba) with form of smooth or rough bark and aggressive territorial expansion on thermo-mesophilic sites. European beech (Fagus sylvatica) with oak-bark form (‘quercoides’) also was found. Furthermore, the occurrence of the hemiparasite juniper dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium oxycedri) on savin juniper (Juniperus sabina) was identified. In addition, finding site of Cotoneaster parnassicus was found. A few phenomena were observed concerning the spruce-fir forest community (ass. Abieti-Piceetum scardicum): dieback of Norway spruce individuals (Picea abies), emergence of Balkan pine (Pinus peuce) initial population in the vicinity and presence of barberry (Berberis vulgaris) as steppe floral element together with expressed mesophilic species.
4
Bodei, Silvia. "La Fábrica verde de la Ciudad lineal industrial: una propuesta de Le Corbusier para el trabajo del hombre en la “época maquinista”." In LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.1128.
Full textAbstract:
Resumen: En Les trois établissements humains (1945) Le Corbusier, junto con el grupo ASCORAL, describe la fábrica verde como un establecimiento industrial organizado según “una biología de las circulaciones, de la composición de los edificios y de la eficiencia”, que “reinstala de nuevo las condiciones de la naturaleza alrededor del trabajo”. Son palabras importantes, que destacan algunos de los temas cruciales del pensamiento social de principios del siglo XX y sobre los cuales Le Corbusier reflexionó para crear nuevas soluciones arquitectónicas y urbanísticas. El artículo recorre sintéticamente estos aspectos del pensamiento de Le Corbusier a través de sus diferentes modelos urbanos, para detenerse en particular sobre la idea de Fábrica verde de la Ciudad lineal industrial, puesta en práctica en el proyecto de la fábrica de armas en Aubusson (1940), donde el verde, el paisaje, la circulación y los espacios están pensados con una idea de funcionamiento alternativa a la organización del trabajo, alejada de los ritmos mecánicos de la cadena de montaje. Esta concepción es alimentada por referencias culturales y arquitectónicas, entre las cuales figura el pensamiento del sindicalista obrero Hyacinthe Dubreuil, que Le Corbusier traduce en un proyecto para una fábrica que quiere conciliar el maquinismo funcional con la naturaleza a través de soluciones y relaciones compositivas “orgánicas” más que mecánicas. Abstract: In Les trois établissements humains (1945) Le Corbusier, with the ASCORAL group, describes the Green Factory as an industrial establishment organised according to « a biology of circulation, a composition of buildings and efficiency », that « newly reintroduces natural conditions around the workplace ». These are important words that highlight some crucial themes of the social thought of the XX century on which Le Corbusier had reflected a long time in order to create new architectural and urban solutions. The article traces and summarises these particular aspects of the architect's thought process through the different urban models of his studies, to then dwell especially on the idea of the Green Factory and the “linear industrial city ”, applied to the project for the arms factory in Aubusson (1940). Here trees, landscape, circulation and spaces give work a different and alternative meaning that is very distant to the mechanical rhythms of the production line. This concept is nurtured by cultural and architectural references, amongst which figures that of the trade unionist and factory worker Hyacinthe Dubreuil. Le Corbusier translates Dubreuil's thought in a project for a factory that wishes to conciliate functional machinism with nature, by using "organic" compositive solutions and relationships rather than mechanical ones. Palabras clave: establecimiento industrial, modelos urbanos, paisaje, espacios de trabajo. Keywords: industrial establishment, urban models, landscape, workspaces. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.1128
5
Elinbaum, Pablo. "Los sistemas de planeamiento como emprendimientos sociales: tres enfoques para la investigación empírica y la reflexión desde la práctica." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Facultad de Arquitectura. Universidad de la República, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6201.
Full textAbstract:
El objetivo de esta comunicación es realizar un recorrido crítico por la literatura mayoritariamente anglosajona que en los últimos años se ha centrado en la idea de “construcción social del planeamiento”. Se pretende desarrollar un marco conceptual que vaya más allá del simple dualismo entre “instrumentos” y “contexto social” e identificar las variables analíticas claves para evaluar el contenido socio-político del planeamiento. El artículo se centra en tres enfoques complementarios –la aproximación institucionalista, la teoría comunicativa y el enfoque estratégico-relacional– que enfatizan las posibles consecuencias para la investigación empírica y la práctica del planeamiento. Más allá de los enfoques tecnocráticos y pretendidamente neutrales, argumentamos que los intentos para transformar o para introducir aspectos innovadores en los sistemas de planeamiento no provienen solo de los cuerpos técnicos, sino de actores con diferentes valores, organizados en grupos de poder que desafían, compiten, reforman o invalidan los marcos institucionales dominantes. This article conducts a critical review of the recent Anglo-Saxon-based literature focused on the idea of "social construction of planning". The aim is to develop a conceptual framework that goes beyond simplistic dualism between "instruments" and "social context" and to identify key analytical variables to assess the socio-political content of planning. The paper focuses on three complementary approaches –the institutionalist perspective, the communicative theory and the strategic-relational approach– that emphasize the possible consequences for empirical research and planning practice. Beyond progressivism and the supposedly neutral and technocratic approaches, we argue that attempts to transform or to introduce innovative aspects in the planning systems come not only from technical bodies but from actors with different values, organized into influential social groups that challenge, compete, reform or invalidate dominant institutional frameworks.
6
Lolakapuri, Phani Raj, Umang Bhaskar, Ramasuri Narayanam, Gyana R. Parija, and Pankaj S. Dayama. "Computational Aspects of Equilibria in Discrete Preference Games." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/67.
Full textAbstract:
We study the complexity of equilibrium computation in discrete preference games. These games were introduced by Chierichetti, Kleinberg, and Oren (EC '13, JCSS '18) to model decision-making by agents in a social network that choose a strategy from a finite, discrete set, balancing between their intrinsic preferences for the strategies and their desire to choose a strategy that is `similar' to their neighbours. There are thus two components: a social network with the agents as vertices, and a metric space of strategies. These games are potential games, and hence pure Nash equilibria exist. Since their introduction, a number of papers have studied various aspects of this model, including the social cost at equilibria, and arrival at a consensus. We show that in general, equilibrium computation in discrete preference games is PLS-complete, even in the simple case where each agent has a constant number of neighbours. If the edges in the social network are weighted, then the problem is PLS-complete even if each agent has a constant number of neighbours, the metric space has constant size, and every pair of strategies is at distance 1 or 2. Further, if the social network is directed, modelling asymmetric influence, an equilibrium may not even exist. On the positive side, we show that if the metric space is a tree metric, or is the product of path metrics, then the equilibrium can be computed in polynomial time.
7
Li, Chengzhe, Hongfeng Zhu, and Tianhua Liu. "An Improved Tree-Based Distribution Group Key Agreement Protocol." In 2010 International Conference on Computational Aspects of Social Networks (CASoN 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cason.2010.27.
Full text
8
Liguo, Duan, Chen Junjie, Li Haifang, and Li Aiping. "A Chinese Synonyms Reduced Algorithm Based on Sememe Tree." In 2010 International Conference on Computational Aspects of Social Networks (CASoN 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cason.2010.82.
Full text
9
Platos, Jan, Pavel Kromer, Vaclav Snasel, and Ajith Abraham. "Searching similar images — Vector quantization with S-tree." In 2012 Fourth International Conference on Computational Aspects of Social Networks (CASoN). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cason.2012.6412433.
Full text
10
Quiroga Berazaín, Marko. "Indicador de sustentabilidad con enfoque de tercera generación: para regiones metropolitanas latinoamericanas: Bogotá, México, Santiago." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6332.
Full textAbstract:
Analizando tres megaciudades latinoamericanas —Bogotá, Ciudad de México y Santiago de Chile— y los enfoques contemporáneos más utilizados en el estudio de la sustentabilidad, se propone una metodología de evaluación de la sustentabilidad incorporando el enfoque de indicadores de tercera generación (G3°). Construye un Índice de Sustentabilidad Urbana Metropolitana (ÍSUM) que incluye aspectos sociales (agrupados en el término de equidad), económicos (competitividad), ambientales (habitabilidad) e institucionales (gobernanza).
El ÍSUM reveló ser fiable y suficientemente sensible como para dar cuenta de la dinámica de los problemas de sustentabilidad en las metrópolis. Su aplicación permite apreciar diferencias entre las tres ciudades: un mayor énfasis en la gobernanza y menos éxito en la equidad social, en el caso de Santiago; mayor esfuerzo en la equidad y menos éxito en la habitabilidad y la gobernanza, en Bogotá; una relación más equilibrada pero levemente más débil en equidad y gobernanza, en la Ciudad de México. Analyzing three Latin American megacities -Bogotá, Mexico City and Santiago de Chile and more contemporary approaches used in the study of sustainability assessment methodology proposed sustainability indicators approach incorporating third generation (G3 °). Build a Metropolitan Urban Sustainability Index (ISUM) including social aspects (grouped under the term of equity), economic (competitiveness), environmental (habitability) and institutional (Governance).
The ISUM proved to be reliable and sensitive enough to account for the dynamics of sustainability issues in the metropolis. Its application allows to appreciate differences between the three cities: a greater emphasis on governance and less successful social equity, in the case of Santiago; greater effort on equity and less successful in livability and governance, in Bogota; more balanced but slightly weaker in equity and governance in Mexico City for a relationship.
Reports on the topic "Trees – social aspects"
1
Collins, Andrew, Tara Cornelisse, Suzanne Macey, and Mark Weckel. Community Buzz: Conservation of Trees and Native Bees in Urban Areas. American Museum of Natural History, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5531/cbc.ncep.0146.
Full textAbstract:
The world is increasingly urbanized and yet, even in urban areas, humans remain dependent on the ecosystem services that nature provides. This case study-exercise explores selected aspects of the dynamic between humans and urban ecology in three parts. First, we briefly discuss urban ecosystems and the context of biodiversity conservation in urban areas. Then, through a case study of the Million Trees program in New York City, we provide evidence and start a discussion about the possible benefits—as well as potential negative social, ecological, and economic consequences—of urban trees. And finally, we introduce biodiversity conservation in urban green spaces through an exercise on native bees. After reading about the importance of, and threats to, native bees, students take on stakeholder roles to decide if their neighborhood should accept a grant to create and maintain bee habitat in an urban park. Students are tasked with conducting additional research and participating in a classroom town hall meeting to present and support their argument for or against the creation of native bee habitat.
2
Bedoya García, Victor Daniel, and Marleny Torres Zamudio. Gestión de la información y la responsabilidad social empresarial. Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22490/ecacen.4694.
Full textAbstract:
El objetivo de la investigación que da origen a este documento es determinar la incidencia de la gestión de la información en la toma de decisiones empresariales y en la generación de conocimiento al interior de las organizaciones, en el marco de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial. Se realizó una investigación descriptiva, mediante un ejercicio de revisión documental, con la consideración de tres categorías de análisis: la gestión de la información organizacional, la gestión del conocimiento, y una categoría conjunta que analiza la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE) y gestión de la información. La discusión y resultados parciales que se presentan aquí describen el proceso de toma de decisiones fundados en la gestión de la información, dentro de ello, su incidencia en la toma de decisiones relativas a los aspectos económicos, sociales y ambientales en el marco de la RSE, que viabilizan la creación de círculos virtuosos y aportan al desarrollo competitivo de las organizaciones, al bienestar de las comunidades, y a la sustentabilidad ambiental.
3
Baptista, Dulce, and Jose Gregorio Roberto Flores Lima. Mercados de trabajo y seguridad social en Panamá. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009590.
Full textAbstract:
El rápido crecimiento económico de Panamá de los últimos años se ha basado en la acumulación de factores y no en el crecimiento de la productividad. Si bien se han registrado avances relevantes en el aumento de la escolaridad, la reducción del desempleo, el incremento del salario mínimo y la cobertura de la seguridad social, otros indicadores muestran que el crecimiento económico no ha sido suficiente para disminuir sustancialmente las tasas de pobreza,desigualdad y precariedad del empleo de altos porcentajes de la población ocupada ni tampoco para mejorar la calidad de la educación, elevar la capacitación de la fuerza laboral o reducir el desigual acceso a la seguridad social. Estos tres últimos aspectos son importantes en la medida en que: i) limitan la igualdad de oportunidades (al dejar a una buena parte de la población fuera del proceso de crecimiento); ii) restringen el potencial de crecimiento (al reducir el número de personas que aportan al producto interno bruto (PIB) e inhibir el aumento de la productividad); y iii) disminuyen el bienestar y la protección ante riesgos de salud, vejez, accidentes o desempleo para una buena parte de la población que trabaja en condiciones de precariedad e informalidad.
4
Sosa, Luis, Elizabeth Ochoa, and Jorge Coj-Sam. BIDEconomics Guatemala: panorama de oportunidades. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005143.
Full textAbstract:
Guatemala no ha logrado atraer suficiente inversión para impulsar una sociedad más próspera e inclusiva, pese a contar con abundantes recursos e indicadores económicos positivos. El país destaca entre las economías de la región por tener crecimiento económico sostenido, cuentas fiscales balanceadas, una política monetaria creíble y una sólida posición externa. Sin embargo, pocos han sido los avances en la reducción de brechas sociales. La falta de inversión social y productiva ha sido uno de los aspectos clave para este resultado, pues ha afectado el acceso a servicios básicos y limitado el crecimiento de las empresas. Este documento identifica las oportunidades más significativas para el desarrollo de Guatemala y propone tres pilares de inversión: la gente, el tejido empresarial y las instituciones.
5
Engel, Wanda, Ricardo Paes De Barros, Mirela de Carvalho, Carlos Alberto Ramos, Ana Lucia Lobato, Gabriel Ferrato dos Santos, Fabio Sánchez Torres, Luz Magdalena Salas Bahamón, and Carlos Lacayo. Políticas efectivas para erradicar la pobreza: Desafíos institucionales, de diseño y de monitoreo. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012088.
Full textAbstract:
El presente documento forma parte de una serie de estudios comisionados por el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo para el Diálogo Regional de Política. La publicación recoge una selección de trabajos discutidos durante la quinta y sexta reuniones de la Red de Pobreza y Protección Social (2003 y 2004). Este volumen cubre tres temas principales, relativos a la efectividad de las políticas encaminadas a reducir la pobreza y la desigualdad: i) Diseño e implementación de programas, ii) aspectos institucionales, y iii) diagnóstico, monitoreo y evaluación de programas.
6
Vega-Araújo, José, Miquel Muñoz Cabré, Yismary Ramirez, and Reinaldo Lerma. Factores habilitantes de la aceptación social de los proyectos eólicos en La Guajira. Stockholm Environment Institute, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2023.060.
Full textAbstract:
La creciente demanda energética y los evidentes efectos negativos del uso de combustibles fósiles reflejan la necesidad de un cambio profundo en los sistemas energéticos globales, incluyendo un aumento exponencial de la capacidad instalada de energía renovable. Generar electricidad a través de fuentes como la eólica y solar es más competitivo que con fuentes convencionales (IEA 2022), lo que contribuye a un mayor desarrollo de las energías renovables. Sin embargo, el escalamiento de las energías renovables no es simplemente una cuestión de viabilidad técnica o económica sino también una cuestión de aceptación social (Energy Transitions Commission 2023; GWEC 2022; Muñoz Cabré y Vega-Araújo 2022; Sovacool et al. 2022). En Colombia, el aumento de la generación con energías renovables tiene un énfasis especial en el departamento de La Guajira por su recurso eólico de talla mundial. Según la Unidad de Planeación Minero Energética (UPME), en La Guajira se buscan implementar hasta 45 parques eólicos hasta el 2034 (SIEL s. f.) la mayoría en territorio colectivo del pueblo indígena Wayuu. Sin embargo, como en muchas partes del mundo (Sovacool et al. 2022), la implementación de proyectos eólicos en La Guajira enfrenta una alta conflictividad social basada en preocupaciones de justicia y equidad alrededor de aspectos como el manejo de impactos sociales y culturales, la distribución de beneficios, conflictos por el uso de la tierra, la legitimidad de los procesos de consulta, entre otros, que han llevado a diversos bloqueos y protestas generando retrasos en los proyectos (Barney 2023; Guerra 2022; Monsalve 2023; SER Colombia 2023; Vega-Araújo et al. 2023; Vega-Araújo y Heffron 2022). El gobierno nacional apuesta por continuar con el desarrollo de la energía eólica en La Guajira, buscando alcanzar acuerdos que permitan avanzar con los proyectos (Ministerio de Minas y Energía, 2023a). En este contexto, además de los aspectos tecno-económicos, es necesario comprender qué factores influyen en la aceptación social por parte de las personas cuyas vidas cotidianas y medios de sustento se verían afectadas debido a la expansión de la energía eólica. Este reporte se propone identificar los factores sociales habilitantes de dicha aceptación social y, de manera más amplia, de una transición justa en La Guajira. Los resultados representan las visiones obtenidas durante actividades realizadas durante 2023, concretamente un taller llevado a cabo Factores habilitantes de la aceptación social de los proyectos eólicos en La Guajira 5 en el municipio de Uribia, La Guajira, por SEI y la Universidad de La Guajira con la participación de miembros del pueblo Wayuu y representantes del sector público municipal. También incluye un extensivo trabajo de campo en comunidades aledañas a locaciones de parques eólicos e infraestructura asociada, como líneas de transmisión,1 y un total de 45 entrevistas semiestructuradas con diversos actores relevantes incluyendo empresas desarrolladoras, academia, sociedad civil y el sector público nacional y regional. Este reporte está estructurado así: el capítulo 2 expone el contexto relevante, incluyendo aspectos del sector eléctrico Colombiano, del departamento de La Guajira, y del derecho a la Consulta Previa Libre e Informada (CPLI). El capítulo tres describe ocho factores habilitantes para la aceptación social de la energía eólica en La Guajira identificados durante nuestra investigación y, por último, en la última sección ofrecemos las principales conclusiones.
7
Godenau, Dirk, Daniel Buraschi, and Vicente M. Zapata Hernández. Evolución reciente de la inmigración marítima irregular en Canarias. Observatorio de la Inmigración de Tenerife. Departamento de Geografía e Historia. Universidad de La Laguna. Tenerife, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/r.obitfact.2020.05.
Full textAbstract:
La reciente intensificación de las migraciones marítimas irregulares que protagonizan la ruta atlántica a través de Canarias, con el fin de acceder al continente europeo desde el africano, coincide en el tiempo con el desarrollo de la pandemia por coronavirus e incorpora algunas novedades en relación con una corriente que viene estando presente en el devenir del archipiélago desde hace casi tres décadas. También ofrece muchas similitudes con la permanente manifestación de esta afluencia, pese a que la escasa planificación y debilidad de la respuesta articulada inicialmente para abordar su gestión integral, ha situado el fenómeno en el primer plano de la actualidad y el debate en la región. Y de esta manera, un contexto social de enorme incertidumbre debido a la crisis sanitaria y económica, el conocimiento directo y casi en directo del desenlace de muchas expediciones a través de las redes sociales, junto al desconcierto que transmite la gestión de esta movilidad pese a que sus cifras no son comparables a las de la década anterior, entre otros aspectos, plantean la necesidad de retomar su análisis con el objetivo de desentrañar sus actuales características y claves para su comprensión.
8
Godenau, Dirk, Daniel Buraschi, and Vicente M. Zapata Hernández. Evolución reciente de la inmigración marítima irregular en Canarias. Observatorio de la Inmigración de Tenerife. Departamento de Geografía e Historia. Universidad de La Laguna. Tenerife, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/r.obitfact.2020.05.
Full textAbstract:
La reciente intensificación de las migraciones marítimas irregulares que protagonizan la ruta atlántica a través de Canarias, con el fin de acceder al continente europeo desde el africano, coincide en el tiempo con el desarrollo de la pandemia por coronavirus e incorpora algunas novedades en relación con una corriente que viene estando presente en el devenir del archipiélago desde hace casi tres décadas. También ofrece muchas similitudes con la permanente manifestación de esta afluencia, pese a que la escasa planificación y debilidad de la respuesta articulada inicialmente para abordar su gestión integral, ha situado el fenómeno en el primer plano de la actualidad y el debate en la región. Y de esta manera, un contexto social de enorme incertidumbre debido a la crisis sanitaria y económica, el conocimiento directo y casi en directo del desenlace de muchas expediciones a través de las redes sociales, junto al desconcierto que transmite la gestión de esta movilidad pese a que sus cifras no son comparables a las de la década anterior, entre otros aspectos, plantean la necesidad de retomar su análisis con el objetivo de desentrañar sus actuales características y claves para su comprensión.
9
Dos Santos Rocha, Wilson. Estudio de caso del sistema integrado de saneamiento rural (SISAR) en el Brasil. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010702.
Full textAbstract:
El estudio del caso evaluó tres experiencias del modelo de prestación de servicios denominado SISAR (Sistema Integrado de Saneamiento Rural), de las cuales, dos fueron en el Ceará y otra en Piauí. Este modelo fue organizado como una Federación de Asociaciones Comunitarias responsable de garantizar la manutención de los sistemas y apoyar las operaciones locales realizadas por las asociaciones afiliadas. La metodología se basó en un trabajo de campo realizado tanto en las sedes de las federaciones como en las diversas localidades. El trabajo de campo incluyó entrevistas con el equipo ejecutivo y con los dirigentes de la federación. En las localidades se visitaron las instalaciones del sistema y se entrevistaron a los obreros y a los dirigentes de las asociaciones afiliadas. Cuando fue posible, se organizaron reuniones con participación de la comunidad. La presente investigación aborda el proceso histórico del modelo y su contexto de conformación, evaluando así, la ampliación en la cobertura del atendimiento y su evolución a lo largo del tiempo. Se describe el modelo en sus aspectos organizacionales, sus objetivos y las actividades de las partes implicadas, así como sus fuentes de financiamiento (distribución de los costos y las tarifas). También se detallan las tipologías de los sistemas y las condiciones en las cuales son operados y mantenidos. Se concluye que se trata de un modelo exitoso, sustentable tanto en el aspecto financiero como en su dimensión operacional y social; hecho que queda demostrado a través de los indicadores de gestión y los resultados de las encuestas de satisfacción realizadas por las unidades. Finalmente, respecto a la ampliación del modelo, el estudio considera que es recomendable un mayor apoyo institucional, tanto a nivel federal como a nivel de los estados y municipios.
10
Cattani, Yan, and Rafael Igrejas. Casos de estudio en la gestión pública y privada de residuos: un enfoque en la sostenibilidad financiera. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0013004.
Full textAbstract:
La sostenibilidad financiera en la gestión de residuos sólidos hace referencia a la necesidad de asegurar la viabilidad económica a largo plazo de los sistemas de manejo de residuos. Esto implica generar ingresos suficientes para cubrir los costos operativos y de capital, así como la búsqueda de fuentes de financiamiento sostenibles para la implementación de nuevas tecnologías y programas de gestión. Esta perspectiva pretende garantizar que la gestión de residuos sólidos sea ambientalmente sostenible, socialmente justa y económicamente viable a largo plazo (Hoornweg, 2012). De acuerdo con el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente, los modelos de financiación de la gestión de residuos que recaudan los ingresos indirectamente, como parte de otros impuestos, o directamente, a través de tasas al consumidor pueden funcionar, siempre que el sistema sea transparente y responda al comportamiento de sus usuarios (UNEP, 2015). Además, el uso de instrumentos de financiación innovadores, como la Responsabilidad Extendida del Productor (REP) y las tasas de subproductos de valorización, puede aumentar la eficacia de los fondos destinados a la gestión de residuos. Esta publicación presenta cinco casos de esquemas de manejo de residuos sólidos que buscaron soluciones para asegurar la sostenibilidad financiera. La selección de estos casos se realizó basándose en estudios de mercado y bibliografía, considerando criterios específicos como la existencia de un marco normativo, acuerdos contractuales vigentes, claridad en la gobernanza; y la ya mencionada sostenibilidad financiera. Los casos elegidos provienen de tres países de América Latina (Brasil, Colombia y Panamá) y un país de Europa (Portugal). En Brasil se eligieron el Consorcio Intermunicipal del Médio Vale do Itajaí (CIMVI) y la empresa Ambiental Participações S.A.; en Colombia, se analizó el caso del modelo tarifario empleado en el Distrito Capital de Bogotá; en Panamá, se estudió el caso de Veolia en La Chorrera; y en Portugal se eligió la operación de LIPOR (Serviço Intermunicipalizado de Gestão de Resíduos do Grande Porto). La metodología utilizada para este estudio combinó un conjunto de métodos cualitativos, que incluyeron una revisión de la literatura, entrevistas realizadas con un guion semiestructurado y un análisis (Wengraf, 2001; Bardin, 1979) dividido en tres áreas: aspectos normativos e institucionales; aspectos tecnológicos, sociales y ambientales y aspectos económico-financieros.