Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Trees in art'
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Kutscheid, Gloria J. "More than trees." Virtual Press, 1986. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/473196.
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The purpose of this study was to complete a series of photographs utilizing trees as metaphors. This series of photographs is composed into book form for possible publication. It presents the psychological and symbolic impact of trees in different environments and from different perspectives through the development of a unique style of creative composition. The format consists of text and photographs. This project develops a working definition of metaphors and an approach using trees as the medium to convey various symbolic and psychological references. Both associated and inferred types of symbolisms are used. This type of approach is not necessarily unique and has been evidenced in the work of such "populist" poets as Robert Frost and the late photographer-poet Gordon Parks. With the basic inventory of symbols and psychological reference associations, whole trees, parts of trees, and/or groups of trees are identified to illustrate through the photographic medium that metaphors do indeed exist and can be found in trees. Photographs are produced, edited and composed to produce not only pleasing aesthetics, but also to provide continuity throughout the series. Photographs vary in size, shape, contrast, and composition to provide variation in the format.
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Drinkwater, Kara M. "Trees." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1907.
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Walker, Linda Jean Huffman. "Art From Nature." VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1432.
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Seeing beauty in the simplest aspects of nature inspires me to create art as a testament to our world. Being raised on a farm in rural Virginia gave me an appreciation of a reverence for all life. The inherent forms along with color and value establish nature as the master of aesthetics. An early introduction to Japanese art showed me that all nature was worthy and significant as subjects for art. Using materials derived from nature, cotton, linen, wool, silk, adds a tactile quality that I believe elevates the enjoyment of art.
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Cakan, Ali. "Determining the importance of nationality on the outcome of battles using classification trees." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Jun%5FCakan.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2003.Thesis advisor(s): Thomas W. Lucas, Samuel E. Buttrey. Includes bibliographical references (p. 73). Also available online.
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Tolley, Rebecca. "Review of Ceramic Trees of Life: Popular Art from Mexico, by Mary Hoag Mulryan." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2004. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5725.
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McComas, Magers Robyn. "Interactions in the space of one tree /." View thesis View thesis, 2002. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030331.152733/index.html.
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McComas, Magers Robyn. "Interactions in the space of one tree." Thesis, View thesis View thesis, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/25847.
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This exegesis forms part of a cycle in the author's ongoing journey into the space of one tree, Eucalyptus gummifera. Many previously unchartered zones of experience give rise to experiences which are perceived slowly, with an open mind, in order to communicate an assemblage of experiences, objects and data which have come together to represent a reading of elements of the landscape of the Sydney Basin, one place where Eucalyptus gummifera grows. Each element has a niche within a specific grid of interaction that takes place in this lived environment. The work surveys fields of physical objects and relationships, inspiring new readings and translations of the landscape of one's own discoveries. Here the world acquires perspective and significance which enables fresh understandings and the deeper accquisition of knowledge. Thus the interactions in this sequence of the author's journeys into the space of one tree reveal further elements of the spatial landscape of Eucalyptus gummifera.
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Katz, Leah Jennifer. "Glacier." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-08252007-105159/.
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Swanson, Karrie. "Natural synthesis /." Online version of thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11987.
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Browning, Robin Eileen. "Evolution of roots." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-08282008-142232/.
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Burdine, Michelle Marie. "Burdine's Law of Intersecting Forces." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555579147996953.
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Liegey, Edith. "Ecomorphisme(s), vers une culture du vivant : formes et évolution d'une symbolique de l'écologie dans l'art contemporain." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MNHN0029.
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L’écomorphisme — oikos/habitat et morphé/forme — est le résultat d’une adaptation d’une espèce vivante suivant son environnement. Appliqué à l’art, récurrence d’œuvres, scénographies et récits d’expositions, l’écomorphisme est ce processus d’adaptation qui change nos perceptions et notre conscience écologique vers une culture du vivant. Comment des artistes réussissent-ils à créer une relation singulière au vivant qui perdure dans le temps ? Par delà un panorama de formes de nature en crise, des artistes fabriquent des points de vue et des liens singuliers en symbiose avec le vivant. Vu(e) des arbres et des nuages, postes d’observation symboliques de notre environnement —plus de 90 expositions expérimentées in situ— nous avons analysé les relations complexes entre création artistique, effets esthétiques expérimentés in situ, scénographies d’installation, récits d’exposition et prise de conscience écologique. Suivons la piste de l’écomorphisme, (r)évolution silencieuse, tel un envahissement artistique de formes de la nature sauvage au musée et autant de possibilités de rencontres du vivant capables de nous trans-former. Formes contemporaines de la nature, (éco)morphogénéalogie Notre premier corpus de formes s’est révélé à 70% européen —174 artistes internationaux—d’après une classification de 800 œuvres en lien avec les principes d’écologie diffusées —et légitimées— dans les musées en France de 2012 à 2016. Un second corpus est extrait sur la symbolique des arbres, figure statistique la plus fréquente, puis des nuages, objet-symbole émergent au 21e siècle. Une esthétique de la complexité confirme la nécessité d’ordonner ses formes. Ainsi, notre création d’(éco)morphogénéalogie en cinq branches principales est liée aux mouvements dans l’histoire de l’art et de l’écologie à partir de 1916. Nous avons classé les branches —et filiations— par ordre d’importance : 1. biomorphisme écologique (sculptures intra-muros) ; 2. l’art environnemental dans l’environnement extérieur ; 3. l’art écosystème technologique en mimèsis de milieux naturels et artificiels ; 4. l’arte povera et l’art du rebut ; 5. bioart lié à la génétique et l’hybridation du vivant. Vu(e) des arbres au musée-ville, « perchoirs » symboliquesLa singularité du musée « perchoir » réside dans sa capacité à conserver la beauté manifeste de la nature dans la ville. Avatar du monde humain de la ville, le musée cultive des forêts symboliques. Les formes de la nature en crise sont un signal visible symbolique de conscience écologique et de culture du vivant au musée. A posteriori, la singularité et l’efficacité d’œuvres et expositions tient d’un processus de création-observation d’un écosystème in vivo et d’une capacité à restituer des liens avec des êtres vivants. Nous qualifions ces voies de passage fécondes d’écologie artistique (éco)poétique cultivée à la fois dans les objets et la littérature des musées. Nous suggérons que les musées et leurs expositions sont devenus des « perchoirs » contemporains. Sorte d’appel de la forêt symbolique à vivre en lien avec le vivant, le musée-perchoir est un observatoire essentiel d’évolution de nos sociétés.Au-dessus des nuages de crise, théorie de l’écorphisme et prospectiveL’ambiguïté du nuage, objet-symbole, réside autant dans l’annonce du danger qu’il prévient que dans celui qu’il occasionne. Le nuage sert d’inducteur théorique à Aristote, Descartes, Howard ou Damisch. Nos analyses démontrent un Homme en recherche d’un renouvellement de positionnement vis-à-vis de la nature. La place de l’humain n’est plus au-dessus de la nature mais au milieu du vivant via un ADN symbolique commun. Des formes à l’écopoétique singulière et sur-réaliste révèlent une autre réalité que nous ne percevons plus. In fine, l’écomorphisme agit comme la conscience d’un patrimoine génétique où se mêlent formes naturelles et artificielles. N’est-il pas temps de reconsidérer ces formes tel un enjeu culturel d’évolution du vivant ?Ecomorphism—from oikos as habitat and morphé as form—is the result of a species’ adaptation to its environment. Applied to the recurrence of artistic works, scenographies and exhibition narratives, ecomorphism is this process of adaptation that pushes our perceptions and ecological consciousness towards a culture of the living. How do artists manage to create over time a unique long term relationship with the living world? Beyond a panorama of forms of nature in crisis, artists create singular point of views and links in symbiosis with the living world. From the point of view of trees and clouds, symbolic observation posts of our environment—more than 90 experienced exhibitions in situ—we have analysed the complex relationships between artistic creation, aesthetic effects experienced in situ, installation scenographies, exhibition narratives and ecological awareness. Let us follow the path of ecomorphism that leads through a silent (r)evolution like an artistic invasion of wild nature forms in a museum and as many opportunities of transformative encounters with the living world.Contemporary forms of nature, (eco)morphogenealogyOur first corpus of forms was revealed to 70% European—174 international artists—according to a classification of 800 works related to the principles of ecology disseminated—and legitimised—in museums in France from 2012 to 2016. A second corpus is extracted on the symbolism of trees, the most common statistical figure, then clouds, object-symbol emerging in the 21st century. An aesthetic of complexity confirms the need to order its forms. Thus, our creation of (eco)morphogenealogy into five main branches is related to the movements in the history of art and ecology from 1916. We have classified the branches—and filiations—in order of importance: 1. ecological biomorphism (intra-muros sculptures); 2. environmental art in the external environment; 3. technological ecosystem art in mimèsis of natural and artificial environments; 4. arte povera and recycling art; 5. bioart related to genetics and hybridization of the living. From trees at city museum, symbolic “perches”The uniqueness of the “perch” museum lies in its ability to preserve the manifest beauty of nature in the city. Avatar of the human world of the city, the museum cultivates symbolic forests. The forms of nature in crisis are a symbolic visible signal of ecological awareness and culture of the living in a museum. Retrospectively, the singularity and effectiveness of works and exhibitions result from a process of creation-observation of in vivo ecosystem and an ability to restore links with living beings. We define these fertile pathways of passage as artistic (eco)poetic ecology cultivated both in objects and in the litterature of museums. We suggest that museums and their exhibitions have become contemporary “perches”. As a call of symbolic wild to live in relation with the living, the perch-museum is an essential observatory on evolution of our society. Above the clouds of crisis, ecomorphism theory and prospective analysisThe ambiguity of the cloud, object-symbol, resides as much in the announcement of the danger it prevents, as in the one it may cause. The cloud serves as a theoretical driver for Aristotle, Descartes, Howard or Damisch. Our analyses show a human in search of a renewal of positioning in relation to nature. The place of human beings is no longer above nature but in the middle of the livings, via a common symbolic DNA. Forms with unique and over-realistic ecopoetics reveal another reality that we no longer perceive. In the end, ecomorphism acts as the consciousness of a genetic heritage where natural and artificial forms mingle. Is it time to reconsider these forms as a cultural challenge of living evolution?
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Keller, Kody. "Parallel and Allegory." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4200.
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Parallel and Allegory is a series of four pieces that look deeper into specific Christian beliefs. Most directly addressed those that dealt with specific parallels and allegorical relationships. Specific symbols such as nails, hammers, wood, trees, people, fruit, a cup, knife a rope and a stone were the focus of the pieces in the exhibition. Four combinations of these symbols were created to create dialogue and introspection.
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Viladomiu, Àngels. "BAUMKUNST. L'Arbre com a objecte, subjecte i territori d'experimentació en l'art contemporani." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/1550.
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Baumkunst aglutina un estudi d'investigació entorn el tractament que s'ha donat a l'arbre, principalment com a ésser viu, en el territori de l'art recent. L'arbre és abordat com a objecte i subjecte, però també esdevindrà un espai-territori d'experimentació i investigació en l'art contemporani.Aquesta tesi presenta, documenta i corrobora el vast ventall temàtic, així com la quantia i contemporaneïtat de la temàtica abordada pels artistes; la investigació s'acota dins d'un tipus d'intervencions artístiques, instal·lacions, accions, obres o treballs que prenen la presència de l'arbre en diferents intensitats i nivells, tant objectualment com conceptual.
L'anàlisi que s'ha portat a terme a Baumkunst s'entén, principalment, des d'una visió contemporània immersa dins del món del nostre temps. La relació entre Art i Natura en la contemporaneïtat, no pot ser entesa només a partir de conceptes com contemplació, expressió o assimilació, sinó sota aquelles estratègies d'hibridació i contaminació de disciplines, fruit de la complexa trama d'un món que es caracteritza per les transformacions contínuament canviants, mòbils i en procés. Un món, marcat pels vertiginosos canvis provocats pel minvament dels seus recursos naturals i els fluxos migratoris humans. L'art també esdevindrà un reflex d'aquest món.
L'ús de la paraula composta alemanya Baumkunst (Art arbori), representa el territori d'investigació de la tesi i constata la revellància dels arbres en la cultura germànica. L'estructura de Baumkunst s'identifica a la d'un arbre genealògic, que dóna forma, estructura i aglutina el cos d'estudi.
La tesi s'estructura en tres grans blocs temàtics: l'arbre-objecte, l'arbre-subjecte, i l'arbre-espai-territori.
El primer bloc l'arbre-objecte està desenvolupat en els tres primers capítols:
1. L'arbre-ready-made: viu i mort,
2. L'arbre i les coses
3. L'arbre-llibre.
El segon bloc l'arbre-subjecte s'acota al quart i cinquè capítol:
4. Subjecte-Arbre: l'arbre i el cos humà
5. Accions i Artefactes perceptius
I l'últim bloc l'arbre-espai-territori es desenvolupa en els següents capítols:
6. Arbre-Columna.
7. Arbre-Hàbitat.
8. Escenaris Arboris.
9. Plantacions.
En els exemples analitzats s'estableix un diàleg entre els arbres i els elements del nostre entorn, els objectes, les coses, els llibres, el propi cos de l'artista, fins i tot amb el cos de l'espectador. L'arbre esdevindrà un suport/espai escenari per explicar algun fet o situar alguna cosa. Tanmateix, l'arbre serà abordat com a indicador d'un lloc, amb una identitat i una història i, fins i tot, les seves propietats constructives el fan mereixedor d'un lloc en el qual els artistes projecten espais habitables, utòpics i reivindicadors.
L'art recent, farà un ús de l'arbre viu o mort, arrelat o desarrelat, de planter o in situ, en la seva integritat o sotmès a una fragmentació, de manera parcial o unitària, sol o dins d'un conjunt, en plantacions o zones boscoses. L'arbre viu in situ serà escollit per les seves particularitats i propietats, tant botàniques, com espaials, formals... L'arbre viu de planter permetrà la possibilitat de crear obres d'art autònomes en qualsevol context i ubicació.
Aquesta tesi posa en imatges i comentaris el testimoni d'una gran varietat d'artistes i d'actituds que, en la diversitat i hibridisme disciplinar, posen la seva mirada en aquest element vegetal i n'exploren les seves possibilitats expressives, filosòfiques, ecològiques, ètiques i estètiques. Els artistes i creadors, davant d'una evident consciència ecològica, projectaran la seva mirada cap a la degradació del mediambient, la desforestació, la contaminació, l'entropia del territori, els canvis climàtics, les catàstrofes .. Baumkunst pretén demostrar el perquè els arbres tot sovint han estat escollits pel seu estatus com la major icona global de la conservació i destrucció de la natura terrestre.
"BAUMKUNST. The tree as an object, subject and experimental territory of contemporary art"
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Baumkunst brings together a research study focusing on the treatment that artists have given to the tree, especially as a living organism in the territory of the recent art. The tree is contemplated as an object and subject, but will also form part of a spatial-territorial experiment and research in contemporary art.
This thesis presents, documents and corroborates the vast thematic, as well as the cost and contemporariness of the presented thematic desenvoluped by the artists; the reserche focuses on these types of artistic interventions, installations, performance, actions or masterworks that represents the presence of the tree in varying intensities and levels, both objectively and conceptually.
The use of the German compound word Baumkunst (arboreal Art) represents the research field of the thesis.
The thesis is divided into three large thematic sections: the tree-object, the tree-subject, and the tree-space-territory developed in the different chapters. In the examples analyzed by the chapters, is established a dialogue between the trees and the elements of our environment, the objects, the things, the books, the own body of the artist, even the body of the spectator. The tree will become a support/space scenario to explain some facts or to locate something. The tree will be focussed as an indicator of place, with an identity and a history, and even its constructive properties will make it deserving of a place where the artists project habitable spaces, utopias and vindications.
Baumkunst conveys in both images and comments of testimony from a great variety of artists and attitudes that, in the diversity and disciplined hybridisms, they place their own views onto this plant element and they explore their expressive, philosophical, ecological, ethnical and aesthetic possibilities. The artists and creators, ahead of evident ecologic conscience, project their view towards environmental degradation, deforestation, pollution, the entropy of the territory, climate changes, catastrophes . This thesis attempts to show how the trees have often been selected for their status as the major global icon of the conservation and destruction of terrestrial nature.
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Fitzgerald, Peter. "Growth." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1789.
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Persson, Alexandra. "Metoder för att undersöka effekterna av naturvårdshänsynen i skogsbruket, efter den senaste skogsvårdslagenMetoder för att undersöka effekterna av naturvårdshänsynen i skogsbruket, efter den senaste skogsvårdslagen." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-59287.
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In 1994 a new Forestry Act was accepted in Sweden. One of the aims of the law is to raise consideration forpreservation of biodiversity. Since the new law got accepted and some time has passed, there now lie someinterest in examining whether the law has been effective towards its purpose. Methods suitable for analysishave been examined during this study. The content of this pilot study is based around five parameters whichcan be used to validate the effects of the new law. The field study were executed in Orsa, Dalarna, Sweden ina managed forest where last clearcut was performed after 1994. The work consisted of measuring theparameters specified and comparing the results to reference data from before 1994. The parameters benefit tothe preservation of biodiversity is discussed in the report aswell as the differences between the Forestry Actfrom 1994 and the previous one. The parameters examined in this study were standing dead wood, treespecies, thick big trees, trees with cavities/cavernous trees and smaller areas saved for preservation. All ofthese plus a few other variables are being considered in the 30 § of the Forestry Act of 1994. The reportimplied that the variables had a positive effect on the preservation of biodiversity, and possible to beinvestigated within the restrictions of this study, seemed to have increased. Due to the size of the forest beingsmall and reference data for some parameters missing or covering larger areas, one must be careful wheninterpreting the results.In 1994 a new Forestry Act was accepted in Sweden. One of the aims of the law is to raise consideration forpreservation of biodiversity. Since the new law got accepted and some time has passed, there now lie someinterest in examining whether the law has been effective towards its purpose. Methods suitable for analysishave been examined during this study. The content of this pilot study is based around five parameters whichcan be used to validate the effects of the new law. The field study were executed in Orsa, Dalarna, Sweden ina managed forest where last clearcut was performed after 1994. The work consisted of measuring theparameters specified and comparing the results to reference data from before 1994. The parameters benefit tothe preservation of biodiversity is discussed in the report aswell as the differences between the Forestry Actfrom 1994 and the previous one. The parameters examined in this study were standing dead wood, treespecies, thick big trees, trees with cavities/cavernous trees and smaller areas saved for preservation. All ofthese plus a few other variables are being considered in the 30 § of the Forestry Act of 1994. The reportimplied that the variables had a positive effect on the preservation of biodiversity, and possible to beinvestigated within the restrictions of this study, seemed to have increased. Due to the size of the forest beingsmall and reference data for some parameters missing or covering larger areas, one must be careful wheninterpreting the results.
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Krasniqi, Shemsi. "Croyances et pratiques rituelles albanaises du Kosovo : réflexions sur une écoculture." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAG003.
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L’idée principale de la thèse est l’écoculture, c'est-à-dire une réflexion plus approfondie sur la relation entre l’homme et la nature. Afin d’expliquer cette idée, nous avons analysé certains éléments caractéristiques de la culture traditionnelle, comme : le châtiment, la malédiction, la bénédiction, le serment, la métamorphose, l’empathie, la révérence, la sacralisation etc. Ces éléments culturels ne concernent pas seulement les mœurs et pratiques morales humaines dans la vie sociale, mais aussi bien les relations entre l’homme et la nature. Dans son sens véridique, en dehors de pensée, des symboles et des valeurs, l’écoculture sous-entend également les comportements, les actions concrètes et les autres routines de la vie quotidienne. L’une des conclusions de cette thèse est que les mouvements écologiques au Kosovo, et tout ceux qui prétendent créer une culture environnementale ou bien une conscience écologiques, afin de changer des comportements et des habitudes par rapport à l’environnement, pourraient prendre pour référence l’écoculture traditionnelle albanaise, parce qu’on y trouve beaucoup d’éléments communs avec des éthiques environnementales contemporaines, comme : écologie profonde, écoféminisme, spiritualisme écologique, dark-green religionThe main idea of the thesis is the eco-culture, that is to say, a deep reflection on the spiritual relationship between human and nature. To explain this idea, I analyze some characteristic elements of the traditional culture, such as punishment, curse, blessing, oath, metamorphosis, empathy, reverence, sacredness, etc. These cultural elements do not concern only the mores and ethical human practices in social life, but also the relationship between human and nature. Nowadays, in everyday life, these values are sometimes expressed openly and concretely, and other times latently and not obviously. In addition to thinking, symbols and values, the eco-culture also manifests itself through behavior, concrete actions, and other routines of daily life. Amongst the conclusions of this thesis is that the environmental movements in Kosovo, aiming at changing the habits related to the environment by means of creating the environmental culture and raising ecological consciousness, must refer to the traditional Albanian eco-culture, since the latter has many common elements with contemporary environmental ethics, such as deep ecology, eco-feminism, ecological spiritualism, dark-green religion, etc
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Forrester, David Ian. "Mixed-species plantations of nitrogen-fixing and non-nitrogen-fixing trees." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20050202.164252/.
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ROCHA, RENATO SAYAO CRYSTALLINO DA. "A DEPENDENCY TREE ARC FILTER." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35858@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
A tarefa de Processamento de Linguagem Natural consiste em analisar linguagens naturais de forma computacional, facilitando o desenvolvimento de programas capazes de utilizar dados falados ou escritos. Uma das tarefas mais importantes deste campo é a Análise de Dependência. Tal tarefa consiste em analisar a estrutura gramatical de frases visando extrair aprender dados sobre suas relações de dependência. Em uma sentença, essas relações se apresentam em formato de árvore, onde todas as palavras são interdependentes. Devido ao seu uso em uma grande variedade de aplicações como Tradução Automática e Identificação de Papéis Semânticos, diversas pesquisas com diferentes abordagens são feitas nessa área visando melhorar a acurácia das árvores previstas. Uma das abordagens em questão consiste em encarar o problema como uma tarefa de classificação de tokens e dividi-la em três classificadores diferentes, um para cada sub-tarefa, e depois juntar seus resultados de forma incremental. As sub-tarefas consistem em classificar, para cada par de palavras que possuam relação paidependente, a classe gramatical do pai, a posição relativa entre os dois e a distância relativa entre as palavras. Porém, observando pesquisas anteriores nessa abordagem, notamos que o gargalo está na terceira sub-tarefa, a predição da distância entre os tokens. Redes Neurais Recorrentes são modelos que nos permitem trabalhar utilizando sequências de vetores, tornando viáveis problemas de classificação onde tanto a entrada quanto a saída do problema são sequenciais, fazendo delas uma escolha natural para o problema. Esse trabalho utiliza-se de Redes Neurais Recorrentes, em específico Long Short-Term Memory, para realizar a tarefa de predição da distância entre palavras que possuam relações de dependência como um problema de classificação sequence-to-sequence. Para sua avaliação empírica, este trabalho segue a linha de pesquisas anteriores e utiliza os dados do corpus em português disponibilizado pela Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning 2006 Shared Task. O modelo resultante alcança 95.27 por cento de precisão, resultado que é melhor do que o obtido por pesquisas feitas anteriormente para o modelo incremental.
The Natural Language Processing task consists of analyzing the grammatical structure of a sentence written in natural language aiming to learn, identify and extract information related to its dependency structure. This data can be structured like a tree, since every word in a sentence has a head-dependent relation to another word from the same sentence. Since Dependency Parsing is used in many applications like Machine Translation, Semantic Role Labeling and Part-Of-Speech Tagging, researchers aiming to improve the accuracy on their models are approaching this task in many different ways. One of the approaches consists in looking at this task as a token classification problem, using different classifiers for each sub-task and joining them in an incremental way. These sub-tasks consist in classifying, for each head-dependent pair, the Part-Of-Speech tag of the head, the relative position between the two words and the distance between them. However, previous researches using this approach show that the bottleneck lies in the distance classifier. Recurrent Neural Networks are a kind of Neural Network that allows us to work using sequences of vectors, allowing for classification problems where both our input and output are sequences, making them a great choice for the problem at hand. This work studies the use of Recurrent Neural Networks, in specific Long Short-Term Memory networks, for the head-dependent distance classifier sub-task as a sequence-to-sequence classification problem. To evaluate its efficiency, this work follows the line of previous researches and makes use of the Portuguese corpus of the Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning 2006 Shared Task. The resulting model attains 95.27 percent precision, which is better than the previous results obtained using incremental models.
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Lyons, Renée Kathleen. "A Chorus of Trees." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30485/.
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This two-part thesis includes a critical preface and a collection of my poems. Using three poems-Louise Glück's "Lullaby," Bob Hicok's "Poem for My Mother's Hysterectomy," and Nick Flynn's "Memento Mori"-the critical preface examines how, in poetry, the transformation of a body negotiates trauma and triggers a conceptual shift, the creation and revision of identity, and the release of the duende's inspirational force. The collection of poetry that follows seeks to transfigure the body as a way to explore the nuanced traumas of human experience.
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Botes, Frans Hendrik. "Ant tree miner amyntas for intrusion detection." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2865.
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Thesis (MTech (Information Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.With the constant evolution of information systems, companies have to acclimatise to the vast increase of data flowing through their networks. Business processes rely heavily on information technology and operate within a framework of little to no space for interruptions. Cyber attacks aimed at interrupting business operations, false intrusion detections and leaked information burden companies with large monetary and reputational costs. Intrusion detection systems analyse network traffic to identify suspicious patterns that intent to compromise the system. Classifiers (algorithms) are used to classify the data within different categories e.g. malicious or normal network traffic. Recent surveys within intrusion detection highlight the need for improved detection techniques and warrant further experimentation for improvement. This experimental research project focuses on implementing swarm intelligence techniques within the intrusion detection domain. The Ant Tree Miner algorithm induces decision trees by using ant colony optimisation techniques. The Ant Tree Miner poses high accuracy with efficient results. However, limited research has been performed on this classifier in other domains such as intrusion detection. The research provides the intrusion detection domain with a new algorithm that improves upon results of decision trees and ant colony optimisation techniques when applied to the domain. The research has led to valuable insights into the Ant Tree Miner classifier within a previously unknown domain and created an intrusion detection benchmark for future researchers.
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Mahonski, Christopher. "A TLAPALIZQUIXOCHITL TREE." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1838.
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Wood, Toni A. "The Tornado Tree: Drawing on Stories and Storybooks." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3187.
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Storytelling has been used by many cultures to record events, research genealogy, and to teach moral lessons. Some cultures passed on their histories and important events through oral narration, papyrus, or cathedral stained glass windows. More modern cultures write personal histories, and use modern technology to communicate with each other. This study is an arts based project based on writing a storybook. It is an exploration of why storytelling is important from a cultural point of view using my experiences to write a storybook based on a true event from my family history.
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Fleischman, Kimberly Ann. "Sheep Hill Community Tree." VCU Scholars Compass, 2004. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1357.
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An urban community is a fusion of new and old that is constantly changing. We understand better the plight of a community through raising awareness of its unique history and visual character. Linking individual and community experiences offers an opportunity for dialogue, especially as long-time residents and their new neighbors learn about their different pasts and explore their common future. Community building happens from within, when many individuals sharing common values create positive change.
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au, A. Bremner@murdoch edu, and Alexandra Bremner. "Localised splitting criteria for classification and regression trees." Murdoch University, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040606.142949.
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This thesis presents a modification of existing entropy-based splitting criteria for classification and regression trees. Trees are typically grown using splitting criteria that choose optimal splits without taking future splits into account. This thesis examines localised splitting criteria that are based on local averaging in regression trees or local proportions in classification trees. The use of a localised criterion is motivated by the fact that future splits result in leaves that contain local observations, and hence local deviances provide a better approximation of the deviance of the fully grown tree. While most recent research has focussed on tree-averaging techniques that are aimed at taking a moderately successful splitting criterion and improving its predictive power, this thesis concentrates on improving the splitting criterion.
Use of a localised splitting criterion captures local structures and enables later splits to capitalise on the placement of earlier splits when growing a tree. Using the localised splitting criterion results in much simpler trees for pure interaction data (data with no main effects) and can produce trees with fewer errors and lower residual mean deviances than those produced using a global splitting criterion when applied to real data sets with strong interaction effects.
The superiority of the localised splitting criterion can persist when multiple trees are grown and averaged using simple methods. Although a single tree grown using the localised splitting criterion can outperform tree averaging using the global criterion, generally improvements in predictive performance are achieved by utilising the localised splitting criterion's property of detecting local discontinuities and averaging over sets of trees grown by placing splits where the deviance is locally minimal. Predictive performance improves further when the degree of localisation of the splitting criterion is randomly selected and weighted randomisation is used with locally minimal deviances to produce sets of trees to average over. Although state of the art methods quickly average very large numbers of trees, thus making the performance of the splitting criterion less critical, predictive performance when the localised criterion is used in bagging indicates that different splitting methods warrant investigation.
The localised splitting criterion is most useful for growing one tree or a small number of trees to examine structure in the data. Structurally different trees can be obtained by simply splitting the data where the localised splitting criterion is locally optimal.
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Bremner, Alexandra P. "Localised splitting criteria for classification and regression trees /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040606.142949.
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Chavez, Jose. "Results on Non-Club Isomorphic Aronszajn Trees." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1707408/.
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In this dissertation we prove some results about the existence of families of Aronszajn trees on successors of regular cardinals which are pairwise not club isomorphic. The history of this topic begins with a theorem of Gaifman and Specker in the 1960s which asserts the existence from ZFC of many pairwise not isomorphic Aronszajn trees. Since that result was proven, the focus has turned to comparing Aronszajn trees with respect to isomorphisms on a club of levels, instead of on the entire tree. In the 1980s Abraham and Shelah proved that the Proper Forcing Axiom implies that any two Aronszajn trees on the first uncountable cardinal are club isomorphic. This theorem was generalized to higher cardinals in recent work of Krueger. Abraham and Shelah also proved that the opposite holds under diamond principles. In this dissertation we address the existence of pairwise not club isomorphic Aronszajn trees on higher cardinals from a variety of cardinal arithmetic and diamond principle assumptions. For example, on the successor of a regular cardinal, assuming GCH and the diamond principle on the critical cofinality, there exists a large collection of special Aronszajn trees such that any two of them do not contain club isomorphic subtrees.
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Wallace, Richard Paul, and n/a. "Effects of trees on temperate native pasture productivity." University of Canberra. Applied Science, 1999. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061113.160245.
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The goal of this work was to quantify the effects of eucalypt woodland blocks on the
productivity of native pastures. This research was conducted on the Southern Tablelands
of New South Wales. Tree planting or retention is seen by many as an important tool in
addressing the problems of soil degradation resulting from clearing and pasture
improvement that threaten the sustainability of pasture systems. In particular these are
dry land salinity and erosion, both of which affect large areas of agricultural lands in the
south east of Australia. Whilst native tree cover remains over substantial portions of
Australian pasture lands, mainly on steeper slopes and poorer soils, little has been done
to measure the effects of trees on pasture productivity and soil fertility on the Southern
Tablelands. Previous studies in other areas have shown a range of effects�from
facilitation to inhibition�of pasture growth in the presence of trees. Soil fertility
beneath trees has been shown by a number of workers to be elevated in comparison with
situations in the open. Given that the range of effects may be highly site dependent,
application of results from one area to another may not be valid. Thus it is necessary to
measure tree effects on a regional scale if results are to be reliable.
Pasture productivity was assessed over a two year period on four sites in the vicinity of
Bungendore, New South Wales. A pair of plots was selected on each site, one plot in a
block of eucalypt woodland, and the other nearby in an exposed, open situation. Plots
were chosen to be as similar to each other as possible with the exception of tree cover.
Treed plots had a tree basal area of between 10 and 20 m2 ha-1 and plots had an area of
900 m2. Two of the sites were on granitic soils and had a tree cover consisting
predominantly of Eucalyptus pauciflora. The remaining two sites were on soil derived
from sedimentary rocks with tree cover consisting mainly of E. mannifera, E. dives and
E. melliodora. Perennial native pasture species present were similar across all sites,
although their relative contributions to standing biomass varied between sites. As the
plots were grazed during the period of measurement, productivity and offtake were
measured seasonally using exclosure cages on each plot. Pasture standing biomass was
assessed using the comparative yield technique.
Microclimate was monitored in each plot by automatic weather stations. Soil moisture
to a depth of 45 cm was measured by time domain reflectometry using permanent
probes in each plot. Ten additional survey plots on each site, covering the range of tree
basal area from 0 - 30 m2 ha-1, were assessed each season in the second year for standing
biomass, soil fertility and pasture quality; expressed by nitrogen content and dry matter
digestibility. Pasture floristics were measured using the dry-weight-rank method. These
additional plots were chosen to be as representative of the paddocks as possible.
Over the two years that productivity was measured, it was found to be higher under
trees than in the open. This was predominantly due to higher winter and spring growth
within treed plots. Grazing offtake was also found to be higher under trees, partly
accounting for lower standing biomass found in the treed plots.
Wind run, evapotranspiration and photosynthetically active radiation were all reduced
by the presence of trees. Beneficial effects of shelter from winds may largely explain
the higher productivity observed in the treed plots, and could outweigh negative effects
of below ground competition and radiation interception by tree canopies at low to
moderate tree densities. Soil moisture was not affected by the presence of trees. Soil
fertility also did not differ between treed and open plots nor was there any difference in
pasture nitrogen content or dry matter digestibility.
On the sites where soils were derived from sedimentary rocks, pasture floristics were
found to be related to tree basal area. Themeda ausfralis biomass was negatively related
to tree basal area, and was partially replaced by large tussock species such as Poa
sieberiana and Chionochloa pallida. A reduction of pasture quality resulted, particularly
as the latter species is not grazed to any significant extent.
Given the desirability of having deep rooted perennial components in grazing lands, the
results of this study indicate that it may be possible to utilise trees to assist in preventing
or reducing a range of adverse environmental consequences arising from agricultural
activities, without unduly compromising pasture productivity. Additionally, the wide
range of environmental conditions provided by a mix of treed and open pasture
promotes a higher degree of heterogeneity of the herbaceous layer. This may assist in
maintaining productivity over a greater range of climatic conditions than would be the
case with a more homogeneous pasture.
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Massaro, Martina <1977>. "Giacomo Treves dei Bonfili collezionista e mecenate (1788-1885) : la raccolta di un filantropo patriota." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/6537.
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Questa ricerca è la messa a fuoco su di un personaggio di spicco dell’Ottocento veneziano, un banchiere di origine ebraica, grande ‘speculatore’ delle cose del suo tempo sia sul piano economico che culturale, il quale mette insieme un’importante collezione di artisti a lui contemporanei. La fatalità della storia fa di Giacomo Treves dei Bonfili una figura emblematica per descrivere la rivoluzione modale avvenuta per i possidenti ebrei grazie ai provvedimenti napoleonici (1806-1814) nell’ambito dei diritti civili. Il nodo storico intorno al quale ruotano le vicende di Treves è “l’uscita” degli ebrei dal ghetto”, ovvero, il momento d’innesco di una campagna di investimento immobiliare e fondiaria distribuita sul territorio del Lombardo Veneto, strategicamente accentrata dai Treves dei Bonfili sulle Provincie di Padova e Venezia. Queste due città dove sono aperte le due case a uso dominicale, sedi ufficiali degli affari della famiglia, portano i segni nella ‘forma’ e nella ‘facies’ di un ridisegno strategico su larga scala territoriale voluto e finanziato dai Treves insieme alla leardership politico-economica. L’analisi dell’attività imprenditoriale di Giacomo Treves diviene così il termine di riferimento per commisurare il suo impegno collezionistico.
Il contributo sostanziale di questa ricerca sta nell’aver portato alla luce una ricca documentazione che, giovandosi di un diverso punto di osservazione ha permesso di mettere in evidenza molti aspetti inediti di uno spaccato socio-economico e culturale al quale presero parte attiva figure chiave dell’Ottocento veneto come Cicognara e Jappelli. Uno studio tutto giocato sulla committenza, infatti, ha permesso di dar meglio conto di alcuni elementi rilevanti che vanno a integrare gli studi sulla committenza artistica e architettonica dell’Ottocento. L’apporto innovativo sta nell’aver restituito grazie all’uso delle nuove tecnologie una consistenza seppur virtuale a un patrimonio culturale andato in parte disperso.
La tesi è ancorata sul piano metodologico all’area di ricerca storico-artistica e architettonica, si apre e si sviluppa giovandosi dell’intreccio tra diverse aree disciplinari. Il campo d’indagine di riferimento è la storia del collezionismo, una materia per sua natura aperta alle contaminazioni tra i saperi. Data la poliedrica personalità del protagonista di questo studio, il lavoro che è di impronta biografica si è naturalmente sviluppato in un quadro multidisciplinare con affondi in ambiti quali la storia dell’architettura e della città, la storia economica, sociale e culturale.
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Brandt, Christian. "A, B, SEE — 1, 2, TREE : om konsten att se det som är osynligt för andra." Thesis, Konstfack, Grafisk Design & Illustration, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-29.
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Pearce, Stewart 1954. "Effects of computer administration upon a tree drawing projective technique." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277283.
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Projective tree drawing techniques are used by clinicians and therapists to assess the personality and emotional state of patients. This study compares the results of administering a computerized projective tree drawing technique with the results obtained by a pencil and paper counterpart. Both techniques are based upon the tree drawing component of the House-Tree-Person technique and related tests. With Compute-A-Tree, subjects created tree pictures from a menu of preselected imagery while subjects taking the conventional form of the technique produced spontaneous tree drawings. A post-drawing questionnaire (PDQ) employing a Likert scale was used to measure subjects attitudes regarding their tree images. The mean score for computer rendered trees was higher than the mean score for conventionally rendered images. Similarities were found between responses to the images obtained through the two forms of administration.
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Chen, Calvin Ching-Yuen. "Efficient Parallel Algorithms and Data Structures Related to Trees." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332626/.
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The main contribution of this dissertation proposes a new paradigm, called the parentheses matching paradigm. It claims that this paradigm is well suited for designing efficient parallel algorithms for a broad class of nonnumeric problems. To demonstrate its applicability, we present three cost-optimal parallel algorithms for breadth-first traversal of general trees, sorting a special class of integers, and coloring an interval graph with the minimum number of colors.
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Thuesen, Kevin (Kevin Andrew). "The Effects of Organic Surface Amendments on Soil Nutrients and Initial Tree Establishment." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277585/.
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This study examined the effects of replicating woodland soil surface horizonation on the nutrient status of underlying soils and the initial establishment and growth of trees. A total of 283 container grown trees were planted in a bufferzone around a future landfill site. Control amendments consisted of an 8 cm layer (0.5 m3) of wood chips applied in a circular area of 4.6 m2 around the trees' planting pit. For the treatment, a 2.5 cm layer of composted biosolids (0.15 m3 or 80 Mg/ha) was applied in a circular area of 4.6 m2 around the trees' planting pit followed by an 8 cm layer (0.5 m3) of wood chips. The results indicate that the replication of woodland soil surface attributes using composted biosolids can significantly improve the nutrient status of underlying soil. Some significant effects were seen under control conditions, too. However, the effects on tree establishment and growth parameters were, for the most part, not statistically significant.
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Neves, Molly Robertson. "It Will Always Be My Tree: An A/r/tographic Study of Place and Identity in an Elementary School Classroom." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4005.
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This a/r/tographic research study examines how explorations of identity and place influence a sense of self. An elementary art educator investigated the roles of artist, researcher and teacher by having students create artwork individually and as a class. These pieces reflected their understanding of place and how it contributed to a sense of self. Using the methodology of a/r/tography, this teacher separated her identities of artist, teacher and researcher, and explored the complications and implications of all three in relation to her place as an elementary art specialist and her identity in the classroom. Several important understandings were drawn from this research study, specifically the idea of using art making as a learning tool to uncover identities in relation to place in an elementary classroom, the complications of working with elementary students on a deeper level due to the amount of students and the schedule of an art specialist, and the difficulties of coping with the demands placed on an art specialist.
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Krasauskienė, Laura. "Medis lietuvių vaizduojamajame mene nuo pagonybės iki šių dienų." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100906_184614-29538.
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Šiame bakalauro darbe išanalizuotas medžio fenomenas vaizduojamajame mene įvairiais laikotarpiais. Vaizduojamasis menas – tai šiuolaikinis pranešimas, įeinantis į medijos sąvoką. Medija apima fotografiją, kinematografiją, videografiją bei žiniasklaidą. Senovės lietuvių simboliai, ornamentai, raštai – visa tai taip pat yra vaizduojamasis menas. Šiai temai atskleisti buvo išnagrinėtas medžio vaizdavimas lietuvių liaudies mene ir mitologijoje. Taip pat buvo išnagrinėta medžio samprata bei funkcijos šiuolaikinių medijų perspektyvoje. Išanalizuotas medžio vaizdavimas ir svarba šiuolaikinių menininkų darbuose. Sukurtas animacinis filmukas „Medis”.This movie, presented as the final work for the Bachelor’s degree in visual arts, analyses the phenomenon of a tree. Visual art – is a contemporary message, embraced in the “woody” concept. Wood resides in various artistic means: photography, cinematography, videography as well as media. Therefore, ancient Lithuanian symbols, ornaments and scripts also are forms of visual art. This animation reveals “tree” representation in Lithuanian folk art and mythology. It depicts not only the meaning of a tree but also a function in the contemporary perspective of “woodyness”, analyzing it’s visualization and importance in the works of the modern artists. Stop motion animation “Tree”.
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Forrester, David Ian, and davidif@unimelb edu au. "Mixed-species plantations of nitrogen-fixing and non-nitrogen-fixing trees." The Australian National University. Faculty of Science, 2005. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20050202.164252.
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Mixed-species plantations of eucalypts and acacias have the potential to improve stand productivity over that of respective monocultures through the facilitative effect of nitrogen-fixation by acacias, and increased resource capture through above- and belowground stratification. However, growth in mixed-species plantations may not be improved compared to that of monocultures when competitive interactions outweigh the effects of improved nutrient availability and resource capture. Careful selection of sites and species is therefore critical to successfully improving stand productivity using mixed-species plantations. This study set out to examine some of the processes and interactions that occur in mixed-species plantations, and the effect nutrient and water availability can have on the growth of mixtures.
In three out of four mixed-species field trials examined in this study, growth was not increased in mixtures compared to monocultures. However, in the fourth field trial, heights, diameters, stand volume and aboveground biomass were higher in mixtures of E. globulus and A. mearnsii from 3-4 years after planting.
The range in outcomes from mixing species in these four trials shows that a fundamental understanding of the underlying processes is required to enable a greater predictive capacity for the circumstances under which mixtures will be successful. Therefore the growth dynamics, processes and interactions were examined in the mixtures of E. globulus and A. mearnsii. The difference in productivity between mixtures and monocultures in this trial increased with time up to age 11 years, when 1:1 mixtures contained twice the aboveground biomass of E. globulus monocultures. The positive growth response of trees in mixture compared to monocultures was the result of accelerated rates of nutrient cycling, a shift in C allocation and reductions in light competition through canopy stratification.
Nitrogen contents of foliage and soil clearly showed that A. mearnsii influenced the N dynamics in this trial. If these changes in N contents were due to N fixation by A. mearnsii, then about 51 and 86 kg N ha-1 yr-1 was fixed in the 1:1 mixtures and A. mearnsii monocultures, respectively. Nitrogen fixation was also examined using the natural abundance method. The delta15N values of foliage collected at 10 years were grouped according to the mycorrhizal status of the host plant. Therefore the discrimination of 15N during transfer from mycorrhizae to the host plant appeared to vary with mycorrhizal status, and the natural abundance of 15N was not used to quantify N fixation.
Rates of N and P cycling in litterfall were significantly higher in stands containing at least 25% A. mearnsii (more than 31 kg N ha-1 yr-1 and more than 0.68 kg P ha-1 yr-1) compared to E. globulus monocultures (24 kg N ha-1 yr-1 and 0.45 kg P ha-1 yr-1). Rates of litter decomposition and N and P release were about twice as high in 1:1 mixtures compared to E. globulus monocultures and were even higher in A. mearnsii monocultures. It is therefore important to select N-fixing species that are capable of cycling nutrients quickly between the plant and soil, and that have readily decomposable litter.
The total belowground C allocation was not significantly different between mixtures and monocultures (14 to 16 Mg C ha-1 yr-1). However, since aboveground net primary production was greater in 1:1 mixtures, the changes in nutrient availability appears to have increased total productivity (both above- and belowground), and reduced the proportion of C allocated belowground in mixtures compared to E. globulus monocultures.
In a pot trial containing mixtures of E. globulus and A. mearnsii both species grew larger in mixture than in monoculture at low N levels, and mixtures were more productive than monocultures. However, at high N levels, E. globulus suppressed A. mearnsii and mixtures were less productive than E. globulus monocultures. Similar effects were found for high and low levels of P.
Therefore resource availability can have a strong influence on the interactions and growth of mixtures. The productivity of mixtures may only be increased on sites where the resource for which competition is reduced in mixture is a major limiting growth resource. For example, if N is not a limiting growth factor then an increase in N availability from N-fixation may not increase growth, and the N-fixing species may compete for other resources such as soil P, moisture or light.
This study has shown that mixtures containing a N-fixing trees and a non-N-fixing trees can be more productive than monocultures, but that this increase in productivity will only occur on certain sites. Examination of the growth, interactions and processes that occurred in mixtures in this study provide useful information that can aid the selection of species combinations and sites.
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Boe, Brian Jeffrey. "Evaluating Tree Seedling Survival and Growth in a Bottomland Old-field Site: Implications for Ecological Restoration." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3998/.
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In order to assess the enhancement of seedling survival and growth during drought conditions, five-hundred bare-root seedlings each of Shumard oak (Quercus shumardii Buckl.) and green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) were planted each with four soil amendments at a Wildlife Management Area in Lewisville, Texas. The treatments were a mycorrhizal inoculant, mulch fabric, and two superabsorbent gels (TerraSorb® and DRiWATER®). Survival and growth measurements were assessed periodically for two years. Research was conducted on vegetation, soil, and site history for baseline data. Both superabsorbent gels gave significant results for Shumard oak survival, and one increased green ash diameter. For overall growth, significant results were found among DRiWATER®, mycorrhizae, and mulch treatments.
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Bassas, Assumpta. "La trayectoria de tres artistas en el pasaje del conceptualismo en Cataluña: Silvia Gubern, Àngels Ribé y Eulàlia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/387112.
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Este trabajo de investigación reconstruye y comenta la trayectoria artística de Silvia Gubern, Àngels Ribé y Eulàlia (Grau Donada), principalmente en la etapa de las llamadas “prácticas conceptuales”, a partir de fuentes primeras y documentales e introduciendo la voz y el relato de las artistas. Estas tres monografías incorporan también la recepción crítica y la valoración de la prensa especializada. La autora propone lecturas y reflexiones de estas prácticas artísticas y de la concepción de la creatividad de las artistas, vinculándolas a partir de las orientaciones que asume como guías teóricas del pensamiento de la diferencia sexual sobre la libertad de las mujeres en los 60 y 70. Mas allá de los marcos interpretativos “neutrales” que se ha utilizado para clasificar a estas artistas como conceptuales en la historia “modernista” del arte catalán y español, este trabajo de investigación pone las bases para leerlas a partir de genealogías de la creación y la creatividad orientadas por la sexuación del conocimiento en femenino.This research builds and discusses the artistic career of Silvia Gubern, Àngels Ribé and Eulàlia (Grau), mainly in the stage called "conceptual practices" from documentary sources and introducing the voice of the artists and biographic facts. These three monographs also incorporate critical reception and evaluation of the press and the art critics. The author points out the importance of reading those careers taking into account the perspective of the Italian and Spanish feminism of sexual difference. Beyond the "neutral" interpretive framework that has been used to classify them as conceptual artists in the modernist history of catalan avantgarde art, this thesis lays the foundation for reading women genealogies of creativity oriented by the female sexuation of knowledge and to explore women's freedom in history. Thus, conceptualism would not be a single framework to assess their contribution to the history of art. It is defined as a living moment in a much longer and complex creative itinerary, a stage in which many issues intersect, focusing on some core aspects such as sexual politics in the history of women in the 60s and 70s in Catalonia (Spain).
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Ficin, Marsile Favret Gilles. "De vita libri tres /." [S.l. : s.n], 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb366585655.
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Griebling, Susan Joan Ubbing. "Designs for Making a Tree: An Ethnographic Study of Young Children's Work in the Visual Arts." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1241802700.
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Dahal, Koshal Raj. "Trees and Ordinal Indices in C(K) Spaces for K Countable Compact." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc804883/.
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In the dissertation we study the C(K) spaces focusing on the case when K is countable compact and more specifically, the structure of C() spaces for < ω1 via special type of trees that they contain. The dissertation is composed of three major sections. In the first section we give a detailed proof of the theorem of Bessaga and Pelczynski on the isomorphic classification of C() spaces. In due time, we describe the standard bases for C(ω) and prove that the bases are monotone. In the second section we consider the lattice-trees introduced by Bourgain, Rosenthal and Schechtman in C() spaces, and define rerooting and restriction of trees. The last section is devoted to the main results. We give some lower estimates of the ordinal-indices in C(ω). We prove that if the tree in C(ω) has large order with small constant then each function in the root must have infinitely many big coordinates. Along the way we deduce some upper estimates for c0 and C(ω), and give a simple proof of Cambern's result that the Banach-Mazur distance between c0 and c = C(ω) is equal to 3.
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Demuynck, Marie-Anne. "Performance Study of Concurrent Search Trees and Hash Algorithms on Multiprocessors Systems." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332828/.
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This study examines the performance of concurrent algorithms for B-trees and linear hashing. B-trees are widely used as an access method for large, single key, database files, stored in lexicographic order on secondary storage devices. Linear hashing is a fast and reliable hash algorithm, suitable for accessing records stored unordered in buckets. This dissertation presents performance results on implementations of concurrent Bunk-tree and linear hashing algorithms, using lock-based, partitioned and distributed methods on the Sequent Symmetry shared memory multiprocessor system and on a network of distributed processors created with PVM (Parallel Virtual Machine) software. Initial experiments, which started with empty data structures, show good results for the partitioned implementations and lock-based linear hashing, but poor ones for lock-based Blink-trees. A subsequent test, which started with loaded data structures, shows similar results, but with much improved performances for locked Blink- trees. The data also highlighted the high cost of split operations, which reached up to 70% of the total insert time.
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Young, Theresa L. "Living tools: an environmental history of afforestation and the shifting image of trees." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15674.
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Master of ArtsDepartment of History
Bonnie Lynn-Sherow
In the second half of the nineteenth century, the Timber Culture Act (1873) and the development of the field of scientific forestry shifted the social conception of trees from a cultural icon, into living technological tools. Beginning with the antebellum publications of George Perkins Marsh, who argued for the preservation and restoration of forests for the benefit of all, scientists, railroad developers, and plains settlers advocated for the cultural importance of trees as a living tool. Assured by railroad-boosters, the budding Forestry Bureau, and pro-tree legislators that rainfall would follow their planting efforts, waves of emigrants who relocated to the grasslands from the eastern forested areas planted millions of trees in an attempt to afforest the open prairies, creating traceable environmental and social changes over time. Environmental historian Elliott West asserts, “Only people have tried on a massive scale to move imagined environments out of their heads and to duplicate them in the world where others live,” and the grasslands of Kansas is one of these environments. This thesis argues that the scientific field of forestry developed a system of prairie tree planting (afforestation) aimed at altering the environment of the Great Plains with artificial forests and created a technological construction of the Kansas environment. The enactment of the Timber Culture Act was a watershed moment because it elevated the social conceptions of trees to that of a living tool and created the need for a national Forestry Bureau. Primary source documents reveal that the general perception held in the nineteenth century was that the natural environment and climate was malleable. The development of profit-centered tree farms furthered the idea that forests were like any other manageable crop. The changes over time in the forest cover of Kansas resulted in an altered ecology and the introduction of invasive species, but most importantly, it altered the cultural perception of how Kansas should look.
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Kilaru, Aruna, Lihang H. Xie, Qingyu Zhang, and Yanlong Zhang. "Tree Peony Species Are a Novel Resource for Production of α-Linolenic Acid." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7739.
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Tree peony is known worldwide for its excellent ornamental and medical values, but recent reports that their seeds contain over 40% α-linolenic acid (ALA), an essential fatty acid for humans drew additional interest of biochemists. To understand the key factors that contribute to this rich accumulation of ALA, we carried out a comprehensive study of oil accumulation in developing seeds of nine wild tree peony species. The fatty acid content and composition was highly variable among the nine species; however, we selected a high- (P. rockii) and low-oil (P. lutea) accumulating species for a comparative transcriptome analysis. Similar to other oilseed transcriptomic studies, upregulation of select genes involved in plastidial fatty acid synthesis, and acyl editing, desaturation and triacylglycerol assembly in the endoplasmic reticulum was noted in seeds of P. rockii relative to P. lutea. Also, in association with the ALA content, transcript levels for fatty acid desaturases (SAD, FAD2 and FAD3), which encode for enzymes necessary for polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis were higher in P. rockii compared to P. lutea. We further showed that the overexpression of PrFAD2 and PrFAD3 in Arabidopsis increased linoleic and α-linolenic acid content, respectively and modulated their final ratio in the seed oil. In conclusion, we identified the key steps that contribute to efficient ALA synthesis and validated the necessary desaturases in P. rockii that are responsible for not only increasing oil content but also modulating 18:2/18:3 ratio in seeds. Together, these results will aid to improve essential fatty acid content in seeds of tree peonies and other crops of agronomic interest.
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Eneland, Anna. "Metoder för att undersöka effekterna av naturvårdshänsynen i skogsbruket efter den nya skogsvårdslagen." Thesis, Linköping University, Ecology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-58998.
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Detta arbete har undersökt skillnaderna mellan den nuvarande skogsvårdslagen och den föregående. Undersökningen har bestått av två delar, där ena delen är en litteraturstudie av lagarna och den andra är en fältstudie av metoder för att mäta naturhänsynsförändring. Som komplement till fältstudien har en litteraturstudie av undersökningsparametranas naturvårdsnytta. Litteraturstudien av lagarna gick till på följande sätt, inledningen av båda lagarna och hänsynsparagraferna har lästs och jämförts. Fältstudie har gjorts efter metoder som har arbetats fram och sedan testats i fält. De undersökningsområden som har testats är stående död ved med undergruppen konstgjorda högstubbar, grova träd, hänsynsytor, trädslagsfördelning och boträd. Testningen skedde i trakterna kring Orsa i Dalarnas län. Resultatet blev att hälften av undersökningsområdena skulle kunna användas i en större studie efter några modifikationer. Andra hälften av undersökningsområdena kan det inte på grund av att referensdata saknas. Lagstudien visade att den största skillnaden mellan de båda lagarna ligger i att i den nuvarande har man jämställt miljömålet med produktionsmålet. Det finns även en attitydförändring till en större öppenhet mot naturvård i den nya lagen.
This work has examined the difference between the new forestry actand the previous one. The research has been divided in two parts, one is a literature study of the law and the other is a field study of methods for measuring the change in consideration of nature. As compliment too the field study a literature study of the research parameters nature conservation benefits. The examine of the laws were done in this way, the introduction of the laws and the nature conservation paragraphs were read and compared. For the field study methods have been worked out and tested in the field. The research parameters that have been tested are standing dead wood with subgroup man made snags, thick trees, consideration of nature areas, distribution of tree species and nesting trees. The field testing were made in the neighboring forest of the city Orsa in the administrative province of Dalarna.The results of the field methods are that half of the methods have a possible use in a larger study with some modifications. The other half are missing references data to be useful.The biggest differences between the laws are that in new law the goals for production and environment care are equal. There is also an change in attitude towards greater consideration of nature.
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Grimes, Jodi Elisabeth. "Rhetorical Transformations of Trees in Medieval England: From Material Culture to Literary Representation." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12130/.
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Literary texts of medieval England feature trees as essential to the individual and communal identity as it intersects with nature, and the compelling qualities and organic processes associated with trees help vernacular writers interrogate the changing nature of this character. The early depiction of trees demonstrates an intimacy with nature that wanes after the tenth-century monastic revival, when the representation of trees as living, physical entities shifts toward their portrayal as allegorical vehicles for the Church's didactic use. With the emergence of new social categories in the late Middle Ages, the rhetoric of trees moves beyond what it means to forge a Christian identity to consider the role of a ruler and his subjects, the relationship between humans and nature, and the place of women in society. Taking as its fundamental premise that people in wooded regions develop a deep-rooted connection to trees, this dissertation connects medieval culture and the physical world to consider the variety of ways in which Anglo-Saxon and post-Norman vernacular manuscripts depict trees. A personal identification with trees, a desire for harmony between society and the environment, and a sympathy for the work of trees lead to the narrator's transformation in the Dream of the Rood. The Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil in the Junius 11 manuscript, illustrated in Genesis A, Genesis B, and manuscript images, scrutinizes the Anglo-Saxon Christian's relationship and responsibility to God in the aftermath of the Fall. As writers transform trees into allegories in works like Genesis B and Geoffrey Chaucer's Parson's Tale, the symbolic representations retain their spontaneous, organic processes to offer readers a visual picture of the Christian interior-the heart. Whereas the Parson's Tale promotes personal and radical change through a horticultural narrative starring the Tree of Penitence and Tree of Vices, Chaucer's Knight's Tale appraises the role of autonomous subjects in a tyrannical system. Forest laws of the post-Norman period engender a bitter polemic about the extent of royal power to appropriate nature, and the royal grove of the Knight's Tale exposes the limitations of monarchical structures and masculine control and shapes a pragmatic response to human failures.
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Grimes, Jodi Elisabeth Upchurch Robert K. "Rhetorical transformations of trees in medieval England from material culture to literary representation /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12130.
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O'Brien, Eleanor K. "Local adaptation and genetic variation in south-western Australian forest trees : implications for restoration." University of Western Australia. School of Animal Biology, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0132.
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[Truncated abstract] Spatial structuring of genetic variation is commonly observed in plant species due to limited dispersal and local adaptation. Intraspecific genetic variation has significant implications for ecological restoration because the source of seed or plants influences patterns of gene flow, and may affect performance if there is adaptive divergence among source populations. This study assessed quantitative trait variation, local adaptation and molecular variation within three common, widespread, long-lived forest tree species from south-western Australia to understand the distribution of intraspecific genetic variation and predict the consequences of seed transfer for restoration. The geographic distribution of quantitative trait variation of jarrah Eucalyptus marginata was assessed through measurement of 15-year-old trees grown in a provenance trial. Survival of trees from the northern jarrah forest was significantly higher than that of trees from southern jarrah forest provenances, where mean annual rainfall is much higher, but stem diameter at breast height (d.b.h.) of southern jarrah forest trees was greater, implying faster growth. D.b.h. of trees from within the northern jarrah forest also exhibited a positive relationship with mean annual rainfall, with maximum d.b.h. observed in trees from provenances in the high rainfall zone. These patterns may reflect selection for faster growth under high rainfall conditions or environmentally-induced parental effects. The percentage of trees bearing buds and flowers varied among latitudinal divisions. ... Neither genetic variation within nor among populations of any species could explain variation of emergence and establishment in reciprocal transplant trials. Collectively, the findings of this study suggest structuring of genetic variation in these species at a broad, rather than a very local, scale. This is expected for widespread, long-lived species, where extensive gene flow and temporal variation are likely to favour high within, relative to among, population genetic variation. However, there is evidence that the source of seed may have a significant influence on the success of restoration of these species, whether as a result of genetic variation among populations or due to other factors affecting seed quality. These results highlight the importance of integrating studies of molecular and adaptive trait variation when seeking to understand the causes and consequences of genetic variation within plant species and contribute to the development of seed sourcing practices for improved restoration success.
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Wells-Green, James Harold, and n/a. "Contrivance, artifice, and art: satire and parody in the novels of Patrick White." University of Canberra. Creative Communication, 2005. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060418.131055.
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This study arose out of what I saw as a gap in the criticism of Patrick White's
fiction in which satire and its related subversive forms are largely overlooked. It
consequently reads five of White's post-1948 novels from the standpoint of satire.
It discusses the history and various theories of satire to develop an analytic
framework appropriate to his satire and it conducts a comprehensive review of the
critical literature to account for the development of the dominant orthodox
religious approach to his fiction. It compares aspects of White's satire to aspects
of the satire produced by some of the notable exemplars of the English and
American traditions and it takes issue with a number of the readings produced by
the religious and other established approaches to White's fiction.
I initially establish White as a satirist by elaborating the social satire that
emerges incidentally in The Tree of Man and rather more episodically in Voss. I
investigate White's sources for Voss to shed light on the extent of his engagement
with history, on his commitment to historical accuracy, and on the extent to which
this is a serious high-minded historical work in which he seeks to teach us more
about our selves, particularly about our history and identity. The way White
expands his satire in Voss given that it is an eminently historical novel is
instructive in terms of his purposes. I illustrate White's burgeoning use of satire
by elaborating the extended and sometimes extravagant satire that he develops in
Riders in the Chariot, by investigating the turn inwards upon his own creative
activity that occurs when he experiments with a variant subversive form, satire by
parody, in The Eye of the Storm, and by examining his use of the devices, tropes,
and strategies of post-modem grotesque satire in The Twyborn Affair.
My reading of White's novels from the standpoint of satire enables me to
identify an important development within his oeuvre that involves a shift away
from the symbolic realism of The Aunt's Story (1948) and the two novels that
precede it to a mode of writing that is initially historical in The Tree of Man and
Voss but which becomes increasingly satirical as White expands his satire and
experiments with such related forms as burlesque, parody, parodic satire, and
grotesque satire in his subsequent novels. I thus chart a change in the nature of
his satire that reflects a dramatic movement away from the ontological concerns
of modernism to the epistemological concerns of post-modernism. Consequent
upon this, I pinpoint the changes in the philosophy that his satire bears as its
ultimate meaning.
I examine the links between the five novels and White's own period to
establish the socio-historical referentiality of his satire. I argue that because his
engagement with Australian history, society, and culture, is ongoing and
thorough, then these five novels together comprise a subjective history of the
period, serving to complement our knowledge in these areas. This study
demonstrates that White's writing, because of the ongoing development of his
satire, is never static but ever-changing. He is not simply or exclusively a
religious or otherwise metaphysical novelist, or a symbolist-allegorist, or a
psychological realist, or any other kind of generic writer. Finally, I demonstrate
that White exceeds the categories that his critics have tried to impose upon him.
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Collins, Reiko Goto. "Ecology and environmental art in public place : talking tree : won't you take a minute and listen to the plight of nature?" Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/788.
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My research started with a question: Is it possible to create change if we understand life is interdependent and interrelated with nature in our environment? I researched this question from the perspective of a practising artist in the field of environmental art in the context of ecology. I chose trees as the focal point of my enquiry as trees represent the largest living thing we encounter in our day-to-day activities. Empathy, particularly as defined in the work of Edith Stein, emerged as a significant critical construct which I used to examine the inter-dependence and interrelation of humans and trees as dynamic and diverse communities on earth. Empathy is related to metaphor, particularly Donald Schön’s idea of a generative metaphor and George Lakoff and Mark Johnson’s 'empathic projection'. These metaphorical conceptions can be relied upon to talk about trees without falling into anthropomorphising nature. The research was also informed by positions in the aesthetics of art. First Emily Brady positions human imagination as aesthetic mediation between human perceptions and scientific understanding of nature. Secondly Grant Kester’s dialogical aesthetics that are informed by conversation, inter-subjective exchange and empathic relationship. I then sought to understand how empathy had been embedded in practices of art over the last thirty years. Particular artworks are selected because they are internationally relevant examples of work that intended to create change in a specific public sphere: Time Landscape (1978) by Alan Sonfist, 7000 Oaks (1982) by Joseph Beuys and Serpentine Lattice (1993) by Helen Mayer Harrison and Newton Harrison. My interest in these works is focused on the potential for an empathic relationship with trees as living things that are embedded in specific environments. To meet this goal in my aesthetic practice, I have developed a discrete relational artwork in collaboration with a plant physiologist, a computer programmer and other artists to create the means to experience how trees ‘breathe’. This is accomplished by translating the plant physiological processes - photosynthesis and transpiration - to sound using, and extending, a custom software system. I also invented Plein Air, an easel that not only holds the plant's physiological system and the sound system but also becomes a small portable station to observe various trees in different places. In my conclusion I examined the implication of ecological and symbolic meanings that go beyond an artist’s authorship, which is created through this empathydriven enquiry and shared experience between people, place and trees in public places.