Journal articles on the topic 'Tree tenure'
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1
Luckert, Martin K. "The perceived security of institutional investment environments of some British Columbia forest tenures." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21, no. 3 (March 1, 1991): 318–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x91-039.
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Changes in forest tenure policies may create insecure investment environments for tenure holders, which can result in misallocations of investment capital. A methodology is developed to measure tenure holders' perceived security in their tenure arrangements. The methodology is applied to three types of tenures in British Columbia. Results indicate that tenure holders perceive Tree Farm Licences and Timber Lands as insecure and Taxation Tree Farms as secure.
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Gallahar, Nicole, Kellie Leigh, and David Phalen. "Koala tree selection in a mixed-tenure landscape and post-fire implications." Wildlife Research 48, no. 8 (2021): 737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr20206.
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Abstract ContextThe more frequent and intense bushfires predicted under climate change are likely to heavily impact koalas living inside protected areas and intact forests, which makes koala habitat in asset protection zones more important. Understanding how koalas use different habitats in a mixed-tenure landscape can inform effective conservation management. AimsThe aims of this study were to determine (1) the species and size of trees used by koalas, (2) whether choice of daytime trees was affected by available proportions of tree species and sizes in koala home ranges, and (3) whether developed land was used as frequently as native forest. MethodsTree use by koalas was determined by radio-tracking 10 koalas for an average of 12 months and recording the species and diameter of trees they occupied. To compare the proportions of tree species used by koalas with those available, tree availability was measured using random quadrats in the home ranges of five koalas that used forested areas extensively. The habitats used by 10 koalas were classified as native forest or developed land to investigate the importance of human-modified areas. Key resultsEucalyptus punctata was a preferred tree species, but each individual used four to nine species. Tree species were not chosen solely on the basis of available proportions; some species were selected preferentially. Half of the koalas used more developed land than native forest. Koalas preferentially used trees with larger diameters than the mean of available trees, and selected larger trees in developed areas than in native forest and when re-using trees. ConclusionsDespite the higher availability of trees in protected native forest at the site, 70% of the koalas used developed land in and around asset protection zones. Koalas whose home ranges were geographically close, but had different soil types and vegetation communities, were able to utilise different tree species. ImplicationsKoalas would benefit from protection of remnant native forests containing preferred trees on shale cap soil and conservation of native vegetation corridors along fence lines and in paddocks in developed areas because they are valuable resources and connect patchy landscapes. Protecting koalas on developed land improves their likelihood of surviving bushfires, allowing recolonisation of surrounding protected areas.
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Polinar, Anatolio, and Antonia Cecilia Sandoval. "Factors in the Adoption of Tree Conservation Practices by Upland Farmers in Southern Leyte." Science and Humanities Journal 4 (December 1, 2004): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.47773/shj.1998.041.4.
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This study revealed that upland farmers in Southern Leyte had been practicing tree conservation by planting and protecting trees and implementing local forestry laws within their farm and communities. Farmers also assisted in disseminating informatino to raise people's awareness on the importance of tree conservation. Results also showed that organization affiliation, tenure status, personal contacts and mass media had significant relationship to the adoption of tree conservation practices.
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Otsuka, Keijiro, Agnes R. Quisumbing, Ellen Payongayong, and J. B. Aidoo. "Land tenure and the management of land and trees: the case of customary land tenure areas of Ghana." Environment and Development Economics 8, no. 1 (January 6, 2003): 77–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x03000056.
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This study explores the effects of land tenure institutions on land use and management using household date from cocoa growing areas of Ghana. Various land tenure institutions with different land rights coexist in our sites, such as allocated family land, inherited land, appropriated village land, and land received as gift. While tree planting and the decision to leave land fallow may be affected by land tenure status, there are no significant differences in labor allocation and revenue of both cocoa and food crops among parcels under different land tenure institutions. These results support the hypothesis that management incentives of cocoa fields, but not food crop fields, tend to be equalized due to the incentive-enhancing effects of granting secure land rights after efforts to plant cocoa trees are expended.
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Sanou, Lassina, Jonas Koala, Souleymane Ouédraogo, and Brama Ouattara. "Influence of Land Tenure on Agroforestry Parkland Phyto-Diversity and Stand Structure in Sudanian Zone of Burkina Faso, West Africa." Global Journal of Agricultural Innovation, Research & Development 9 (March 11, 2022): 20–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15377/2409-9813.2022.09.3.
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Savanna Zone of Burkina Faso is characterized by the increasing population growth due to human migration from the north and central regions of the country for cultivating agricultural land and pastures. This situation induced land-use changes, and social reorganization has led to new approaches to natural resources management. Tenure issues in natural resources management limit the adoption of agroforestry systems and effective land use scale. This paper describes the species composition, structure, and diversity of woody species on agroforestry parklands at Tiogo under two types of land tenures. Ecological and structural characteristics of vegetation patches were computed to characterize the species composition. A variety of diversity measures were calculated to determine the heterogeneity for each type of land tenure. A total of 49 woody species belonging to 19 families and 38 genera were identified, of which 44 and 48 species were recorded in non-landowners’ farms and landowners' farms, respectively. Leguminosae, Combretaceae and Anacardiaceae were the most abundant families. The dominant species in agroforestry parklands were Vitellaria paradoxa, Parkia biglobosa, Lannea microcarpa, Piliostigma reticulatum and Piliostigma thonningii. Analyses of variance of the entire woody vegetation of agroforestry parklands revealed no significant differences in terms of all computed indexes but showed that the landowners’ farms were the most diverse than non-landowners farms. The density of stems ≥5 cm dbh and the basal area were higher in landowner’s farms than in non-landowners farms. In both types of farms, the size class distributions of the vegetation produced a reverse J-shaped curve, supporting that agroforestry parkland in Tiogo is dominated by young individuals. The spatial distribution of the seedling was mainly clumped, reflecting the dominance of clonal propagation. Security of land and tree tenure is a necessary condition for any land-based investment (planting and protection of preferred species and soil amendment). The challenge to maintain parklands’ tree biodiversity in “good” condition also needs to consider the flexibility of land tenure and equitability sharing of the benefits from trees.
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Zhu, Xiaojuan, Rapinder Sawhney, and Girish Upreti. "Determinates of Employee Voluntary Turnover and Forecasting in R&D Departments: A Case Study." Studies in Engineering and Technology 3, no. 1 (July 25, 2016): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/set.v3i1.1635.
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employee voluntary turnover factors using logistic regression and forecasts employee tenure using a decision tree for four research and development departments in a large U.S organization. Company job title, gender, ethnicity, age and years of service significantly affect employee voluntary turnover behavior determined by logistic regression. The findings assist managers and human resource departments in specific employee retention strategies to reduce R&D departments’ voluntary turnover rate. The decision tree method built a five-level depth tree model with 17 nodes. This model has the lowest AIC value and the best performance in the validation dataset. Age at hire, jobtitle, division, and race are statistically significant factors to predict employee tenure. The most important variable is age at hire located in the decision tree’s first, third, and fourth nodes. Classification rules assist managers and human resource departments in quickly predicting employee tenure and in making hiring decisions.
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Gebreegziabher, Zenebe, Alemu Mekonnen, Menale Kassie, and Gunnar Köhlin. "Household Tree Planting in Tigrai, Northern Ethiopia: Tree Species, Purposes, and Tenure Security." Land Use Policy 96 (July 2020): 104635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104635.
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Dewees, Peter A. "Trees and farm boundaries: farm forestry, land tenure and reform in Kenya." Africa 65, no. 2 (April 1995): 217–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1161191.
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Tree cultivation and management are a common form of land use in high-potential areas of Kenya. While some of these practices are related to economic considerations, such as markets and prices for specific tree products, others were derived from or developed in parallel with customary practices. This article traces the origins of contemporary demarcation practices in Kikuyu areas of Kenya, involving the planting of trees in hedges and windrows, from their customary antecedents. Customary law prescribed clear mechanisms for demarcating land to which rights of use had been acquired. These mechanisms, characterised principally by the planting of particular trees on the boundaries of land holdings, were given limited recognition by the colonial administration, and were subsequently incorporated (without any clear awareness of their customary role) in the contemporary body of land law which emerged as a result of the land reforms of the early 1960s. Land reforms tended to obscure customary distinctions between rights of control to trees and rights of use and access, by equating rights of control with rights of ownership. The result has been that rights of use and access, which had been guaranteed to the landless under customary law, were, for the most part, eliminated.
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Place, Frank, and Keijiro Otsuka. "Population Pressure, Land Tenure, and Tree Resource Management in Uganda." Land Economics 76, no. 2 (May 2000): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3147226.
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Summit, Joshua, and E. Gregory McPherson. "Residential Tree Planting and Care: A Study of Attitudes and Behavior in Sacramento, California." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 24, no. 2 (March 1, 1998): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1998.012.
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Site surveys were conducted on residential properties in Sacramento, California, and residents were given questionnaires about whether they had added trees to their properties, their motivations for planting trees, and the extent and frequency of their maintenance of the trees on their properties. These surveys indicate that most residents (68% of the sample) plant trees on their properties; that residential areas are relatively densely planted (with room for about 9% more trees than are already in place); that issues of comfort (shade) and appearance play more of a role in the decision to plant trees than do concerns about energy savings, environmental benefit, or privacy; that tree planting tends to be greatest early in a resident's tenure in a home; and that convenience is a strong predictor of the types of tree maintenance provided by residents relative to that provided by contractors.
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Stave, J., G. Oba, and N. C. Stenseth. "Temporal changes in woody-plant use and the ekwar indigenous tree management system along the Turkwel River, Kenya." Environmental Conservation 28, no. 2 (June 2001): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892901000157.
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Indigenous systems of management for regulating extraction of non-timber forest products (NTFP) have not been well documented in arid zone grazing lands. Conservation projects have therefore lacked information on customary rights to trees, while they have enforced systems of tree resource management that often conflicted with the indigenous system. This study focused on the indigenous tree tenure system of the Turkana pastoralists called ekwar (plural ngikwarin). The indigenous tree management system in 15.4 km2 of the Turkwel River floodplain woodlands near Lodwar, Kenya was investigated. The study began in 1990 after impoundment of the Turkwel Gorge Dam. In 1990 and 1998, Turkana pastoralists were interviewed about the ekwar. In individual ngikwarin woody cover, wood volume and woody-plant density were measured, and wood extraction assessed in terms of stems and twigs removed by the pastoralists and the urban population of Lodwar. Intensity of charcoal burning was assessed in terms of the density of earthen kilns, and livestock impact in terms of browsing frequency on woody plants. Potential Acacia tortilis litter production was estimated and an ekwar quality index developed to describe woodland productivity conditions. Tree produce was shared with and leased to friends and relatives. Woody cover showed no significant changes, while woody-plant density and volume declined, over the 8-year period. The Turkana usually do not cut live trees, but use dead trees and dry tree-parts for making charcoal. Increased kiln density and increased extraction of tree-parts were considered to be indicative of increased pressure on the riverine woodlands. Livestock browsing did not seem to contribute to woodland degradation. However, decline in woody-plant density and volume might have contributed to the reduction of litter production of A. tortilis. Trends in woodlands in the floodplain might be associated with damming of the Turkwel River and local anthropogenic pressures. Also, the ekwar system of tree tenure seemed to be threatened by the official forestry policy that it be ignored. Incorporating the ekwar system into the forestry conservation policy may achieve sustainable use and improve conservation of the Turkwel River floodplain woodlands.
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Olivero-Lora, Sofia, Elvia Meléndez-Ackerman, Luis Santiago, Raúl Santiago-Bartolomei, and Diana García-Montiel. "Attitudes toward Residential Trees and Awareness of Tree Services and Disservices in a Tropical City." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (December 22, 2019): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010117.
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Attitudes toward urban residential trees and awareness of their ecosystem services and disservices may play an important role in management decisions of private residential green spaces with important consequences to urban sustainability. In 2011, 397 household surveys were conducted in six locations of the Río Piedras Watershed (San Juan, Puerto Rico) to evaluate residents’ attitudes toward residential and neighborhood trees and their association with household socio-demographic factors, how awareness of services and disservices relate to the spatial proximity of trees (home versus neighborhood), and whether attitudes are associated with yard management (tree abundance). Most residents self-reported positive attitudes toward trees in general and these appeared to be more frequent than self-reported negative attitudes. Respondents recognized more tree services (emphasizing shade, lower temperature, food, and ornamental/aesthetics) and fewer disservices (emphasizing maintenance hardship, property damage, and power line obstruction). Not all tree services and disservices were equally recognized, and differences in the spatial context of trees and residents may contribute to the variation in residents’ awareness of tree ecosystem services or disservices. Variation in positive attitudes partially explained the current variation in yard tree abundance, along with residents’ age, housing tenure, yard size, and watershed location. Results have direct implications for urban forest planning and management in residential contexts.
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Rath, Subhani, Subham Banerjee, and Robert John. "Greater tree community structure complexity in sacred forest compared to reserve forest land tenure systems in eastern India." Environmental Conservation 47, no. 1 (January 17, 2020): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892919000390.
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SummarySacred forests are small patches of forest that are preserved and protected from human exploitation. Although they are identified primarily for spiritual or religious purposes, their contribution to biodiversity conservation has been widely debated. Sacred sites are known to harbour greater biodiversity compared to exploited forests, but the patterns are not well known. We studied tree diversity in a remote forested location in eastern India where sacred forests and reserve forests used by people are present. Tree data from eight sacred forest sites and nine reserve forest sites showed that species richness was significantly greater in sacred forests; species diversity and evenness tended to be greater, but these were not statistically significant. Basal area (a measure of aboveground biomass) was significantly greater, mainly due to the greater density of large trees. There were significant departures from the theoretical expectation of stem size density distributions under pure asymmetric competition for both land tenures, which indicated that extraneous mortality increased death rates of large trees under both regimes, but sacred forests had a greater range of stem sizes. Our results suggest that sacred forests can contribute to biodiversity conservation by preserving greater tree diversity than forests subject to human use.
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Fortman, Louise. "The tree tenure factor in agroforestry with particular reference to Africa." Agroforestry Systems 2, no. 4 (December 1985): 229–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00147036.
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Francis, P. A., and A. N. Atta-Krah. "Sociological and Ecological Factors in Technology Adoption: Fodder Trees in Southeast Nigeria." Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 1 (January 1989): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700016380.
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SUMMARYFarmer-managed trials with browse trees were undertaken at two locations in southeast Nigeria. The fast-growing tree species Leucaena leucocephala and Gliricidia sepium were either inter-planted with crops as alley farms or planted in pure stands as intensive feed gardens. At both locations, most of the trees established successfully under farmer management. However, the quality of establishment was uneven, and the rate of utilization generally poor, especially at one site. The limited success of the trials is traced to a number of related sociological, institutional and edaphic factors. These include poor soil fertility; the incompatibility of established cropping patterns and rotation practices with the planting of trees on farms; the division of labour and organization of decision-making within the household; and land and tree tenure rules. It is argued that farmer-managed trials are necessary to reveal the importance of sociological and institutional factors in farmers' decision making, and that such trials require a high level of farmer autonomy in their management.
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Meuche, Ivonne, and T. Ulmar Grafe. "Chorus tenure and estimates of population size of male European tree frogs Hyla arborea: implications for conservation." Amphibia-Reptilia 26, no. 4 (2005): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853805774806269.
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AbstractChorusing male anurans typically spend only a part of the breeding season calling although chorus tenure is often the best predictor of mating success. We determined the number of nights males attended a chorus (chorus tenure) and its influence on mating success in the European tree frog, Hyla arborea. The median chorus tenure was 7.5 nights out of a study season of 38 nights. Males that spent more than two nights in the chorus were present for an average of 47% of the nights between their first and last night in the chorus. Minimum daily temperature, ambient temperature at initiation of calling, and daily rainfall explained 37.8% of the variance in male attendance. Twenty-five males were calling on the night of peak activity, a fraction of the 44 males marked. This suggests that estimates of male population size based on peak activity, widely used by conservation biologists, are inaccurate. We suggest that, when mark-recapture methods cannot be used, male population size be calculated by using a regression model based on the peak number of calling males that can be further developed as more data accumulates.
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Mengesha, Ayelech Kidie, Reinfried Mansberger, Doris Damyanovic, and Gernot Stoeglehner. "Impact of Land Certification on Sustainable Land Use Practices: Case of Gozamin District, Ethiopia." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 9, 2019): 5551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205551.
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Agroforestry is attracting considerable attention in Ethiopia because of its potential for sustainable land use practices. As land tenure insecurity is a major limiting factor for sustainable land use practices in Ethiopia and developing countries in general, the Ethiopian government launched a rural land certification program to secure land tenure. There are limited empirical studies about the impacts of land certification on sustainable land use practices. To fill this knowledge gap, this study was outlined for an area in the Ethiopian Gozamen district. It investigates the impact of land certification on sustainable land use practices and is focused on factors affecting tree plantation based on a household survey, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and field observations. The results of the study showed that the majority of the respondents practiced sustainable land use practices after their land was certified. Therefore, land certification has a great contribution on sustainable land use practices. In addition, age, consultancy, land size, education, and nurseries proved as significant factors for tree plantation. As access to land is a basic socio-economic precondition for sustainable agriculture and forestry in developing countries, tenure security is a key pathway for the development of the poor and it contributes essentially to achieve sustainable development goals.
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Martial, Tri, and Mhd Asaad. "The Land and Tree Tenure-Based Dalihan Natolu Customs for Tree Management in South Tapanuli, North Sumatra." International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology 6, no. 2 (March 7, 2016): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.6.2.696.
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Numbisi, Frederick N., Dieudonne Alemagi, Ann Degrande, and Frieke Van Coillie. "Farm Rejuvenation-Induced Changes in Tree Spatial Pattern and Live Biomass Species of Cocoa Agroforests in Central Cameroon: Insights for Tree Conservation Incentives in Cocoa Landscapes." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 29, 2021): 8483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158483.
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Cocoa agroforests sustain ecosystem services (ESs) to varying degrees. These services are otherwise mostly provided by other non-cocoa shade or companion trees. However, the density of shade trees is associated with services and/or disservices that drive farm-specific tree management successions. Considering the growing impacts of climate crisis on farm productivity and the need for adaptation strategies, the ESs are increasingly provisional and contingent on the prevailing vegetation, land tenure, and management successions, amongst others social and ecological factors. To assess the temporal changes in shade management, we surveyed an age gradient of “family farms” in cocoa agroforests created from forest (fCAFS) and savannah (sCAFS) land cover. We evaluated the temporal changes in farm structure, relative tree abundance, and live aboveground biomass of the major canopy strata. We used a spatial point process and linear mixed effect analysis to assess the contributions of associated perennial trees (AsT) on farm rejuvenation patterns. The density of cocoa trees was inconsistent with farm age; this was significantly high on farms in sCAFS (1544 trees ha−1) with spatially random configuration across farm age. On farms in fCAFS, we observed a transition of the cocoa tree configuration in the order regular, random, and clustering from young (with highest density of 1114 trees ha−1) to old farms. On a temporal scale, there is no clear distinction of farm structure and biomass between fCAFS and sCAFS. However, the cycle of tree species and structural composition of the canopy strata are dissimilar; the live biomass allocation for the considered use groups of tree species was different with farm age. The observed dynamics in canopy tree structure and live biomass provide insights into farmers’ temporal allocation of uses and prioritization of different tree species with farm age. We recommend the consideration of such landscape-specific, tree management dynamics in proposing on-farm tree conservation incentives. Our results are also conducive to reliable estimates of the ecosystem services from CAFS in the national implementation of conservation mechanisms such as REDD+.
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Rao, Fangping, Max Spoor, Xianlei Ma, and Xiaoping Shi. "Land tenure (in)security and crop-tree intercropping in rural Xinjiang, China." Land Use Policy 50 (January 2016): 102–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.09.001.
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Okiror, Paul, Jacob Godfrey Agea, Clement Akais Okia, and John Bosco Lamoris Okullo. "On-Farm Management ofVitellaria paradoxaC. F. Gaertn. in Amuria District, Eastern Uganda." International Journal of Forestry Research 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/768946.
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The population of shea butter tree (Vitellaria paradoxaC. F. Gaertn.)—a priority tree with enormous economic and cultural values to the parkland communities in Uganda, is rapidly declining due to rapid human population growth, increasing land fragmentation, and high demand for woodfuel especially charcoal. Reversing this trend will depend on the rural community involvement in the planting, facilitating natural regeneration, and tending of shea trees on farm. As such a survey was conducted in Amuria district, eastern Uganda, to assess local strategies and constraints to on-farm management of shea trees, and document socio-demographic factors influencing the on-farm conservation. About 93% of the households protected naturally regeneratedV. paradoxatrees mainly on farms.V. paradoxawas mostly propagated through coppices and seedlings. Although insecure land tenure, insecurity, pests, disease, and shortage of planting materials were reported as major hindrances, farmsize, family size, and gender significantly (P≤0.05) influenced people’s willingness to conserveV. paradoxa. Byelaws and policies on shea conservation need to be properly enforced, and further propagation research is required especially towards shortening the juvenile period ofV. paradoxaso that more farmers can start propagating the tree other than relying on its natural regeneration.
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Musa, Frank, Judith Kamoto, Charles Jumbe, and Leo Zulu. "Adoption and the Role of Fertilizer Trees and Shrubs as a Climate Smart Agriculture Practice: The Case of Salima District in Malawi." Environments 5, no. 11 (November 10, 2018): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments5110122.
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Fertilizer trees and shrubs can improve degraded soil and avert the impacts of climate change on smallholder farmers in Malawi. This paper analyses the roles of fertilizer trees and shrubs and factors that determine adoption, as well as the intensity of use of fertilizer on trees and shrubs in maize-based farming systems using the Tobit model. A household survey involving 250 smallholder farmers was conducted in Salima district, Malawi. The analysis shows that adopters of fertilizer trees and shrubs considered fertility improvement, shade, source of food and erosion control as main roles of fertilizer trees and shrubs. The Tobit model shows that households with relatively more land are more likely to adopt fertilizer trees and shrubs than those with small land sizes. Adoption is higher among farmers who had been exposed to fertilizer trees and shrubs for longer periods than others had. Land tenure, education and availability of labor also influence the adoption of fertilizer trees and shrubs. Results further show that household and farm characteristics and availability of extension services explain the current adoption rates of tree-fertilizer technologies. Our findings can guide effective targeting of farmers to ensure higher adoption and sustainability of fertilizer-tree and shrub technology for climate-smart agriculture among the smallholder farmers.
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Magaju, Christine, Leigh Ann Winowiecki, Mary Crossland, Aymen Frija, Hassen Ouerghemmi, Niguse Hagazi, Phosiso Sola, et al. "Assessing Context-Specific Factors to Increase Tree Survival for Scaling Ecosystem Restoration Efforts in East Africa." Land 9, no. 12 (December 4, 2020): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9120494.
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Increasing tree cover in agricultural lands can contribute to achieving global and national restoration goals, more so in the drylands where trees play a key role in enhancing both ecosystem and livelihood resilience of the communities that depend on them. Despite this, drylands are characterized by low tree survival especially for tree species preferred by local communities. We conducted a study in arid and semi-arid areas of Kenya and Ethiopia with 1773 households to assess how different tree planting and management practices influence seedling survival. Using on-farm planned comparisons, farmers experimented and compared tree survival under different planting and management practices as well as under varying socioeconomic and biophysical contexts in the two countries. Seedling survival was monitored at least six months after planting. Results show that watering, manure application, seedling protection by fencing and planting in a small hole (30 cm diameter and 45 cm depth) had a significant effect on tree seedling survival in Kenya, while in Ethiopia, mulching, watering and planting niche were significant to tree survival. Household socioeconomics and farms’ biophysical characteristics such as farm size, education level of the household head, land tenure, age of the household head had significant effects on seedling survival in both Ethiopia and Kenya while presence of soil erosion on the farm had a significant effect in Kenya. Soil quality ranking was positively correlated with tree survival in Ethiopia, regardless of species assessed. Current findings have confirmed effects of context specific variables some involving intrahousehold socioeconomic status such education level of the household head, and farm size that influence survival.
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Unruh, Jon D. "Agroforestry, reforestry, and the carbon problem The role of land and tree tenure." Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 20, no. 3 (August 1, 1995): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/030801895794080639.
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Lin, Ying, Mei Qu, Can Liu, and Shunbo Yao. "Land tenure, logging rights, and tree planting: Empirical evidence from smallholders in China." China Economic Review 60 (April 2020): 101215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2018.08.011.
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Gbadeboa, Ogunniyi, and Osuolale Timothy Oluwoye. "Tenure implication and property right on adoption of cocoa rehabilitation techniques in osun state of nigeria." Journal of Management and Science 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2015.6.
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In an effort to achieve increased cocoa production in Nigeria, a number of initiatives were introduced towards increasing yields with the aim of reviving the old glory of cocoa and make it an engine of Nigerian economy. Despite this, farmers still produce below expected cocoa production figure due to conditions associated with their farmland. Tenure insecurity hindered acceptability of the established initiatives since majority of the farmers in the cocoa industries areholding the farmland in possession through different arrangements which provide the legal and normative framework within which all agricultural as well as other economic activities are conducted. On this note, this study aims to investigate the effects of tenure arrangement on adoptionof CRTs. Result shows that respondents were mostly males, Christians, members of CFAN with mean age of 59.0+10.18 with average household size of 8 people, cultivating an average farm size of 17.38 acres, obtained mostly through different tenural patterns and scattered in different locations.Findings further reveals that age, membership to CFAN and tenure arrangement had significant relationship with adoption of cocoa rehabilitation techniques. And also, there was significant, difference in the perception, as well as adoption of selective tree replanting, planting under old cocoa trees, chupon regeneration, coppicing, gapping up between tenant farmers and farm owners at p=0.05. Cocoa industry is mostly populated with tenant farmers who had unfavourable perception about cocoa rehabilitation resulting in low adoption rate due to challenge of insecurity of tenure.Thus, there is need for development of technological packages that meet the need of different categories of farmers based on their respective tenure. Also there is the need for securing land-use rights through improved tenancy arrangements to better meet the interests of small, tenant.
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Valette, Michel, Barbara Vinceti, Daouda Traoré, Alain Touta Traoré, Emma Lucie Yago-Ouattara, and Franziska Kaguembèga-Müller. "How Diverse is Tree Planting in the Central Plateau of Burkina Faso? Comparing Small-Scale Restoration with Other Planting Initiatives." Forests 10, no. 3 (March 4, 2019): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10030227.
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In the Sahelian region, different approaches are being used to halt environmental degradation and restore tree cover, with varying degrees of success. Initiatives vary according to projects’ objectives, type of land to restore, and technical practices used (natural regeneration, farmer-managed assisted regeneration, enrichment planting, etc.). This study investigates tree planting choices and selection of tree seed sources in some villages of the Central region of Burkina Faso. The study targeted 96 farmers and compared planting practices adopted by farmers involved in small-scale forest restoration using fences, with those not involved in this initiative. The objective was to understand what portfolio of tree species were planted, what factors influenced tree species selection, what tree seed sources were used, what collection practices were generally adopted, and whether there were significant differences between types of farmers. The results showed that the use of fencing to promote forest restoration support the planting of a more diverse portfolio of tree species than other small scale efforts and includes a greater representation of indigenous trees. Fenced plots have therefore a conservation value in landscapes where the diversity of tree species is progressively declining. In addition to the use of fences, some other key factors affect tree planting, mainly land tenure, availability of diverse tree seed sources, and availability of land. Farmers tend to collect directly most of the planting material they need, but in the majority of cases they do not follow recommended best practices. In light of the ambitious forest restoration targets of Burkina Faso and the need to provide diverse options to rural communities to enhance their resilience vis-à-vis increasing environmental challenges, strengthening the capacity of farmers in tree planting and establishing a robust tree seed systems are crucial targets.
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Derkyi, M. "Farm Level Tree Planting in Ghana: Potential for Reducing Vulnerability and Mitigating Climate Change." Journal of Energy and Natural Resource Management 1, no. 1 (February 21, 2018): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26796/jenrm.v1i0.13.
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Improvement in tree tenure and benefit sharing mechanisms has encouraged farmers with or without land to invest in economictree planting in Ghana. This has been influenced by a policy reform which gives right of ownership to individuals who engagein tree planting coupled with a national reforestation programme. However, little is known regarding the contributions ofsmall-scale tree planting in mitigating climate change at farm level. This study therefore explores the views of smallholderfarmers in six villages in the Sefwi Wiaso, Asankrangwa and Offinso Forest Districts on how tree planting at farm levelcan reduce vulnerability and mitigate climate change. The study employed a household survey among 106 smallholderfarmers, interviews of informants and validation meeting. Results revealed that farmers involved in tree planting have adoptedagroforestry models that have the potential to generate significant carbon stores. The study also revealed that institutionalpartnership and benefit sharing mechanism are crucial for the success of farm level tree planting. The paper concludes byrecommending public actor partnership with wide range of stakeholders to make small scaled farm level tree planting a realityin reducing vulnerability and mitigating climate change as well as serving as financial incentive to famers.
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Mekonnen, A. "Tenure Security, Resource Endowments, and Tree Growing: Evidence from the Amhara Region of Ethiopia." Land Economics 85, no. 2 (March 31, 2009): 292–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/le.85.2.292.
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Paudel, Shankar, and K. Freerk Wiersum. "Tenure arrangements and management intensity of Butter tree (Diploknema butyracea) in Makawanpur district, Nepal." International Forestry Review 4, no. 3 (September 1, 2002): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/ifor.4.3.223.17394.
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Hansen, J. D., M. K. Luckert, S. Minae, and F. Place. "Tree planting under customary tenure systems in malawi: impacts of marriage and inheritance patterns." Agricultural Systems 84, no. 1 (April 2005): 99–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2004.05.003.
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van Damme, Patrick. "Sociological and Organizational aspects of Fuel Wood Growing in Traditional Communities: The Case of Northern Togo." Afrika Focus 4, no. 1-2 (January 15, 1988): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-0040102003.
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As in many other African countries, wood is the most important source of energy for the rural and urban populations of Togo. Traditional attitudes towards trees and prohibitive laws explain why trees are not planted “spontaneously” by local communities even though they are facing serious woodfuel shortage problems. Promotion of tree planting has recently been taken up by government agencies and foreign funded projects. Most of them try to get local communities to plant trees, but their efforts are not always very successful. The reasons are manyfold: - the lack of tradition where tree planting is concerned; - the lack of familiarity with the proposed tree species; - the “delayed reward” when trees have been planted; - the abscence of a fuelwood problem, according to the local population; - the location of the newly planted trees: near the house? at the roadside? round the field? - the social organization of the community, and the traditional land tenure system; - the lack of certainty about the ultimate rights to the tree and the possibilities to cut it; - abscence of protection of the stands by a lack of motivation of the planter; - in some instances: the price of the plants; - the persons who are asked to plant the trees are not necessarily those that will have to cut them and use the fuelwood. Recently, it has become clear that the key to successful reforestation lies within the local communities. Small scale approaches may well be the long term solution to the problem of fuelwood and energy supply, and involving women in the project interventions a further step in a more integrated approach. As it is, the recent “social forestry” approach might well be the long expected solution. To meet the objective of having people plant trees, however, it will be necessary to establish a good extension service which not only starts initiatives but also assures a thorough follow up once the planting has started. The problems that have to be overcome - or bypassed - remain difficult, but recent experience has nevertheless given some insight in how to solve them!
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Amatya, Swoyambhu M., and Prakash Lamsal. "Private Forests in Nepal: Status and Policy Analysis." Journal of Forest and Livelihood 15, no. 1 (September 4, 2017): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v15i1.23094.
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This paper reviews and analyses the present status of private forests and tenure administration in light of existing legal, policy, and regulatory frameworks in Nepal. Additionally, the present status of private forests, as well as the scenarios of timber harvesting, transportation, marketing, and their administration are thoroughly revised. Provisions regarding forests and trees on private land and their basis are examined and implications are articulated for potential policy improvements for enhanced tenure security. It is shown that robust national-level policies and legal frameworks exist, and that there is an increasing trend of timber flows to markets from private forests over the past five years. However, there is still skepticism, mistrust and fear amongst private forest owners, saw millers, and forest administration that prevents the full use of the bundle of rights that legal and policy provisions have promised. An unusually slow pace of private forest registration, lengthy and multi stage processes for obtaining harvesting and transportation permits, and official bans on important commercial species, among others, are found to be the factors that most hinder the private forest owners’ and tree growers’ interests, and their rights and obligations with respect to the management and use of their private forest resources. It is concluded that a simplified permitting process along with programmatic support would promote and help to grow private forestry and that Nepal’s experience and lessons learned from community forest implementation would be a great asset to move towards this end. Connecting community forest user groups for organised and cooperative action, and mobilising their institutional strength and accumulated funds for pro-farmer technical and regulatory support would allow farmers to intensify tree plantations and forest management. Further steps are required to convince policymakers and secure necessary budgetary support to this end..
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Gessesse, B., W. Bewket, and A. Bräuning. "Determinants of farmers' tree planting investment decision as a degraded landscape management strategy in the central highlands of Ethiopia." Solid Earth Discussions 7, no. 4 (November 13, 2015): 3245–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-7-3245-2015.
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Abstract. Land degradation due to lack of sustainable land management practices are one of the critical challenges in many developing countries including Ethiopia. This study explores the major determinants of farm level tree planting decision as a land management strategy in a typical framing and degraded landscape of the Modjo watershed, Ethiopia. The main data were generated from household surveys and analysed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression model. The model significantly predicted farmers' tree planting decision (Chi-square = 37.29, df = 15, P<0.001). Besides, the computed significant value of the model suggests that all the considered predictor variables jointly influenced the farmers' decision to plant trees as a land management strategy. In this regard, the finding of the study show that local land-users' willingness to adopt tree growing decision is a function of a wide range of biophysical, institutional, socioeconomic and household level factors, however, the likelihood of household size, productive labour force availability, the disparity of schooling age, level of perception of the process of deforestation and the current land tenure system have positively and significantly influence on tree growing investment decisions in the study watershed. Eventually, the processes of land use conversion and land degradation are serious which in turn have had adverse effects on agricultural productivity, local food security and poverty trap nexus. Hence, devising sustainable and integrated land management policy options and implementing them would enhance ecological restoration and livelihood sustainability in the study watershed.
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Gessesse, Berhan, Woldeamlak Bewket, and Achim Bräuning. "Determinants of farmers' tree-planting investment decisions as a degraded landscape management strategy in the central highlands of Ethiopia." Solid Earth 7, no. 2 (April 20, 2016): 639–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-7-639-2016.
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Abstract. Land degradation due to lack of sustainable land management practices is one of the critical challenges in many developing countries including Ethiopia. This study explored the major determinants of farm-level tree-planting decisions as a land management strategy in a typical farming and degraded landscape of the Modjo watershed, Ethiopia. The main data were generated from household surveys and analysed using descriptive statistics and a binary logistic regression model. The model significantly predicted farmers' tree-planting decisions (χ2 = 37.29, df = 15, P < 0.001). Besides, the computed significant value of the model revealed that all the considered predictor variables jointly influenced the farmers' decisions to plant trees as a land management strategy. The findings of the study demonstrated that the adoption of tree-growing decisions by local land users was a function of a wide range of biophysical, institutional, socioeconomic and household-level factors. In this regard, the likelihood of household size, productive labour force availability, the disparity of schooling age, level of perception of the process of deforestation and the current land tenure system had a critical influence on tree-growing investment decisions in the study watershed. Eventually, the processes of land-use conversion and land degradation were serious, which in turn have had adverse effects on agricultural productivity, local food security and poverty trap nexus. Hence, the study recommended that devising and implementing sustainable land management policy options would enhance ecological restoration and livelihood sustainability in the study watershed.
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Bhattarai, S., B. Pant, H. K. Laudari, N. Timalsina, and R. K. Rai. "Restoring landscapes through Trees Outside Forests: a case from Nepal's Terai Region." International Forestry Review 22, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554820828671562.
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Deforestation and forest degradation due to unsustainable forest products harvesting and encroachment has adverse socio-ecological impacts in the Southern part of Nepal, the Terai. Urbanization and migration from the hill region is increasing the demand for forest products. Despite the communities' involvement in forest management, the gap between demand and supply of forest products remains huge. In this context, growing trees outside the forests particularly in public and institutional land could be an appropriate strategy both to reduce the pressure on natural forests and bridge the demand and supply gap of forest products. This study assesses how and to what extent Trees Outside Forests addresses these issues. Data were collected through focus group discussion, key informant interview and household survey. The results suggest that Tree Outside Forests have provided access to forest products, improved institutional capacity and increased income of local communities. However, insecure land tenure and unclear legal provisions are drawbacks of growing trees in public lands.
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SCHLEYER, CHRISTIAN, and TOBIAS PLIENINGER. "Obstacles and options for the design and implementation of payment schemes for ecosystem services provided through farm trees in Saxony, Germany." Environmental Conservation 38, no. 4 (August 15, 2011): 454–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892911000361.
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SUMMARYAgricultural crops and pasturelands cover 24–38% of the global land area, and thus the ecological services that agricultural systems provide are of utmost societal importance. An important determinant of ecosystem services provision from European farmland is the amount and spatial arrangement of trees, shrubs and woodlands that are integrated into the respective land-use systems. This paper uses an institutional economics framework for the analysis of payment schemes for ecosystem services (PES schemes) that enhance the establishment, conservation and management of farm trees and woodlands, elaborating on the reasons for the often very reluctant participation of farmers in these schemes. PES schemes in Saxony (Germany) were selected as a typical example. Obstacles identified included high production costs and opportunity costs for land use, contractual uncertainties, land-tenure implications and heterogeneous societal preferences for ecosystem services of farm trees. Further, since scheme adoption has been relatively low compared with the total area covered by the respective farm tree types in Saxony, the PES schemes alone could not explain the substantial increase in number and size of some farm-tree types, in particular hedgerows. Regionalized premiums, result-oriented remuneration and cooperative approaches are options to improve participation in PES schemes for farm trees. The example of PES schemes for farm trees highlights one of the major challenges for the protection and preservation of cultural landscapes: they are man-made and thus need to be preserved, managed and maintained continuously.
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Lutfiya, Indah, Novelia Qothrunnada, and Selvy Nur Amalia. "ANALYSIS CLASIFICATION FACTORS OF WORK PRODUCTIVITY AMONG TEACHERS DURING WFH (WORK FROM HOME) BASED ON DECISION TREE." Medical Technology and Public Health Journal 5, no. 2 (September 30, 2021): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33086/mtphj.v5i2.2590.
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The COVID-19 pandemic since its inception at the end of December in China and entering Indonesia in March 2020 has had many impacts on the world of employment, including in the realm of education. The COVID-19 pandemic has also had a strong impact on work productivity. Various different backgrounds ranging from work tenure, latest education level and emotional intelligence make the level of work productivity at SMPN 1 Tembelang quite varied. This research aims to analyze the classification factors that affect teacher work productivity during WFH. The type of research used is analytic observational with a cross-sectional approach. This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 1 Tembelang Jombang with a sample of 45 people. Data analysis is done by Decision Tree. The results of the accuracy of the model testing generated from the training data to the testing data show that the accuracy value is 65.67%. The classification of high productivity levels is found in the group of teachers who have a long work tenure, mature age and high emotional intelligence. While the classification of medium productivity is dominated by groups of teachers of medium and adult age. It is recommended to conduct training and mentoring of online learning programs to improve skills and expertise for teachers, especially those who have and are classified as elderly.
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Mack, Michelle C., Xanthe J. Walker, Jill F. Johnstone, Heather D. Alexander, April M. Melvin, Mélanie Jean, and Samantha N. Miller. "Carbon loss from boreal forest wildfires offset by increased dominance of deciduous trees." Science 372, no. 6539 (April 15, 2021): 280–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abf3903.
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In boreal forests, climate warming is shifting the wildfire disturbance regime to more frequent fires that burn more deeply into organic soils, releasing sequestered carbon to the atmosphere. To understand the destabilization of carbon storage, it is necessary to consider these effects in the context of long-term ecological change. In Alaskan boreal forests, we found that shifts in dominant plant species catalyzed by severe fire compensated for greater combustion of soil carbon over decadal time scales. Severe burning of organic soils shifted tree dominance from slow-growing black spruce to fast-growing deciduous broadleaf trees, resulting in a net increase in carbon storage by a factor of 5 over the disturbance cycle. Reduced fire activity in future deciduous-dominated boreal forests could increase the tenure of this carbon on the landscape, thereby mitigating the feedback to climate warming.
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Danquah, Jones Abrefa, and Ari Pappinen . "Analyses of Socioeconomic Factors influencing on-farm Conservation of Remnant Forest Tree Species: Evidence from Ghana." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 5, no. 9 (September 25, 2013): 588–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v5i9.433.
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The contribution of remnant trees in traditional agro forestry systems in recent times has attracted significant attention from policy makers, stakeholders, and academicians due to their important role in conserving biodiversity within agricultural systems, reserves of genetic resources and provision of other important environmental services. The study seeks to determine socioeconomic factors influencing farmers’ decision to maintain remnant trees in agricultural landscape. Data was solicited from 220 households in three rural communities through structured interviews and on farm visitations. We employed Poison and Negative Binomial Regressions to determine factors influencing rural farm households’ decision to retain remnants forest tree species in agro ecosystem. The regression results indicated that the key factors strongly affecting farmers’ on-farm conservation decision to retain remnant forest trees in agricultural landscape were age, gender, years of schooling, religion, land tenure, farmers’ perceptions to current environmental problems, distance to farm land, erosion and the size of the landholdings. The study recommends that forest governance with focus on collaborative forest resource management and equitable distribution of benefits generated from extraction of forest resources should be given high impetus in policy formulation. The needs and concerns of forest fringe communities should feature paramount in this regard.
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Larson, Evan R., Lane B. Johnson, Thomas C. Wilding, Kalina M. Hildebrandt, Kurt F. Kipfmueller, and Lee R. Johnson. "Faces in the Wilderness: a New Network of Crossdated Culturally-Modified Red Pine in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness of Northern Minnesota, USA." Human Ecology 47, no. 5 (October 2019): 747–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10745-019-00109-4.
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Abstract New dates from culturally modified red pine rediscovered in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness in northern Minnesota provide an opportunity to merge tree-ring records of human land use with archaeological records, historical travel accounts, and traditional knowledge to enhance understanding of Anishinaabeg land tenure in the Wilderness. Records from 244 culturally modified trees (CMTs) demonstrate varying intensities of human use along historical water routes, notably the Border Route that connected Grand Portage to Rainy Lake and Lake of the Woods during the North American fur trade. Crossdated modification years from 119 CMTs provide direct evidence of human-landscape interaction along historical travel routes utilized by Anishinaabeg and Euro-American traders from the mid-1700s to the early 1900s. This CMT network preserves a fading biological record of fur-trade-era cultural history that contributes to a growing cross-cultural conversation on the storied traditional use of a cultural landscape that is now the most visited federal wilderness area in the United States.
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Mufandaedza, Edward, Doreen Z. Moyo, and Paul Makoni. "Effect of Soil Type and Foliar Factors on the Distribution of Imbrasia belina in the Southeastern Lowveld of Zimbabwe." Scientifica 2018 (October 1, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9273184.
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The aims of this study were to find out whether soil parameters (i.e., soil texture, soil pH, and available nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)) and level of tannins in the bark of tree as measured by total amount of N & P in the droppings significantly influenced Imbrasia belina distribution in the Southeastern Lowveld of Zimbabwe. The samples were collected in February-March 2013. Standard methods were employed on 80 samples across the four tenure regimes studied. Soil pH, percentage clay, silt, and sand were randomly measured across the four tenure regimes. The study results revealed that soil pH (p=0.475), % silt (p=0.172), % sand (p=0.907), available nitrogen (p=0.192), available phosphorus (p=0.247), and the mean tannin level (p=0.999) influenced the distribution of Imbrasia belina in the study area. Multiple comparison analysis showed that there were significant differences in percentage clay (p=0.044) between Gonakudzingwa Small-Scale Farms (GSSCF) and Chikombedzi Communal Area (CCA). However, Mwenezi Resettlement Area (MRA) and Gonarezhou National Park (GNP) results were insignificant for percentage silt (p=0.172) and percentage sand (p=0.907), respectively. The soil and foliar factors discussed are critical in determining Imbrasia belina distribution, forest health, and vitality.
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Kelly, Clint D. "Resource quality or harem size: what influences male tenure at refuge sites in tree weta (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae)?" Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 60, no. 2 (March 15, 2006): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-005-0154-0.
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Tonye, J., C. Meke-Me-Ze, and P. Titi-Nwel. "Implications of national land legislation and customary land and tree tenure on the adoption of alley farming." Agroforestry Systems 22, no. 2 (May 1993): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00705144.
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MPANDA, MATHEW M., EMMANUEL J. LUOGA, GEORGE C. KAJEMBE, and TRON EID. "IMPACT OF FORESTLAND TENURE CHANGES ON FOREST COVER, STOCKING AND TREE SPECIES DIVERSITY IN AMANI NATURE RESERVE, TANZANIA." Forests, Trees and Livelihoods 20, no. 4 (January 2011): 215–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2011.9756710.
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Musyoki, Josephine Kamene, Jayne Mugwe, Kennedy Mutundu, and Mbae Muchiri. "Determinants of Household Decision to Join Community Forest Associations: A Case Study of Kenya." ISRN Forestry 2013 (January 10, 2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/902325.
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Forests contribute significantly to the livelihoods of forest adjacent communities. Under the Kenya's new Forest Act (2005), community participation in forest conservation is provided for through formation of Community Forest Associations (CFAs). This study focused on Ontukigo and Ngare Ndare CFAs involved in participatory management of Ontulili and Ngare Ndare forests in North Central Kenya. It aimed at identifying household factors associated with decision to participate in PFM and the differences between CFA and non-CFA members in their participation in forest conservation activities. Semi structured questionnaires were administered to randomly selected 80 CFA and 80 non-CFA members. Factors influencing household decision to join CFA included household size (, ), age (, ), number of cows (, ) and sheep (, ) owned by CFA (6.6) and non-CFA (4.2), farm size (, ) and forms of land tenure. Other factors included distance of homestead from forest (, ), sources of fodder (, ), access to forest products (, ), crop land (, ), and awareness of Forest Act 2005 (, ). Participation in forest conservation was positively influenced by CFA membership (, ). Majority of CFA members (80%) participated highly in forest patrol, fire control, tree nurseries, and tree planting activities.
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Kouassi, Jean-Luc, Allegra Kouassi, Yeboi Bene, Dieudonné Konan, Ebagnerin J. Tondoh, and Christophe Kouame. "Exploring Barriers to Agroforestry Adoption by Cocoa Farmers in South-Western Côte d’Ivoire." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (November 25, 2021): 13075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313075.
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Agroforestry is part of the package of good agricultural practices (GAPs) referred to as a reference to basic environmental and operational conditions necessary for the safe, healthy, and sustainable production of cocoa. Furthermore, cocoa agroforestry is one of the most effective nature-based solutions to address global change including land degradation, nutrient depletion, climate change, biodiversity loss, food and nutrition insecurity, and rural poverty and current cocoa supply chain issues. This study was carried out in South-Western Côte d’Ivoire through a household survey to assess the willingness of cocoa farmers to adopt cocoa agroforestry, a key step towards achieving sustainability in the cocoa supply chain markedly threatened by all types of biophysical and socio-economic challenges. In total, 910 cocoa households were randomly selected and individually interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Findings revealed that from the overwhelming proportion of farmers practicing full-sun cocoa farming with little or no companion trees associated, 50.2 to 82.1% were willing to plant and to keep fewer than 20 trees per ha in their farms for more than 20 years after planting. The most preferred trees provide a range of ecosystem services, including timber and food production, as well as shade regulation. More than half of the interviewed households considered keeping in their trees in their plantations for more than 20 years subject to the existence of a formal contract to protect their rights and tree ownership. This opinion is significantly affected by age, gender, access to seedlings of companion trees and financial resources. A bold step forward towards transitioning to cocoa agroforestry and thereby agroecological intensification lies in (i) solving the issue of land tenure and tree ownership by raising awareness about the new forest code and, particularly, the understanding of cocoa agroforestry, (ii) highlighting the added value of trees in cocoa lands, and (iii) facilitating access to improved cocoa companion tree materials and incentives. Trends emerged from this six-year-old study about potential obstacles likely to impede the adoption of agroforestry by cocoa farmers meet the conclusions of several studies recently rolled out in the same region for a sustainable cocoa sector, thereby confirming that not only the relevance of this work but also its contribution to paving the way for the promotion of agroecological transition in cocoa farming.
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Mohiuddin, M., and AK Paul. "Buddha Bihar (Kiyang) based traditional model for tree diversity conservation in Rangamati Hills, Bangladesh." Journal of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Management 4, no. 1 (August 18, 2018): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcbm.v4i1.37874.
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This paper describes Buddha Bihar (Kiyang) based biodiversity conservation of Nirbanpur in Rangamati Hill District of Bangladesh. Rangamati is the native of the tribal people specially the Chakma and they are the followers of the Bhudda religion. This Bihar comprised of 300 acres of hilly land and maintaining natural patches having 76 indigenous tree species. Most of the tribal people of this district belong to Buddha religion and they strongly believe in the biodiversity conservation around their religious institute and most of them are situated at hill top of the deep forest areas. This institution is maintained by the religious leaders locally called as Bantheya and the local community people have great respect for them. Most of the Bantheyas are conserving biodiversity in traditional way which is unique model for local level biodiversity conservation and local people also consider these plants as taboos or secrete trees. Bihar management committee maintains some traditional rules in plant conservation, but now they are leaned towards commercial plantation. BFRI scientists try to motivate them towards plantation indigenous species by awareness meeting. The seedlings of 32 indigenous tree species were planted in the Bihar area which has enhanced the diversity of flora and fauna. A biodiversity conservation model having four pillars has been developed on consultation with the community and religion leaders. The theme of pillars are land tenure, traditional knowledge, awareness and support. Bihar based biodiversity conservation effort has created a new avenue for wildlife and bird conservation. A list of existing plants species around Nirbanpur Bihararea has been given.J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2018, 4(1): 27-34
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Cochard, Roland, Bien Thanh Vu, and Dung Tri Ngo. "Acacia Plantation Development and the Configuration of Tree Farmers’ Agricultural Assets and Land Management—A Survey in Central Vietnam." Land 10, no. 12 (November 26, 2021): 1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10121304.
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Since 1990 acacia-based tree plantations have fast expanded in Vietnam, now supporting a multi-billion-dollar export-oriented wood industry which is transforming from woodchip production to value-added products. Within this dynamic context, tree farmer associations have started to produce sawlogs under FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) certification. In this paper, we retrace the development of plantation assets, investigating farmers’ current livelihoods and land management, specifically considering various aspects of sustainability. We interviewed 180 tree farmers in three districts (lowland–upland regions) of Thừa Thiên Huế Province, including sawlog producers with and without FSC and smallholder producers of woodchips. Acacia planting in ‘barren lands’ was initiated through state programs in the 1990s (low-/midlands) and 2010s (uplands). Farmers now producing FSC sawlogs were among the first to gain forestland tenure; they now own large plantations (on good terrain), are in tune with policies and maintain resources/capacities to adopt management in line with FSC standards. Yet, most farmers also retain plots for easy-to-manage and low-risk woodchip production. Soil/vegetation conservation depends on farmers’ status/capacities and environmental awareness; FSC membership added economic-political benefits. Findings are discussed within a regional historic context. Plantations contribute to economic development, but issues persist/emerged in terms of land equity and environmental governance, risks (e.g., plant pathogens), and spaces/impetus for farm-based innovation and adaptiveness.
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Rofii, Kriswoyo. "Tenure Conflicts Resolution Of Colol Custom Community In Ruteng Recreation Park, Nusa Tenggara Timur." KOMUNITAS: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDONESIAN SOCIETY AND CULTURE 11, no. 1 (April 23, 2019): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/komunitas.v11i1.15853.
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AbstractDetermination of the Ruteng Recreation Nature Park had caused conflicts over tenure for Colol custom community have been in and around the area since before the establishment. Conflict was due for access to agricultural land use and timber had closed by the management. The conflict resolution involves three elements, namely the government, customs and religion which are called the three pillars. This study aims to understand the stages of the tenure conflict, relevant stakeholders and the conflict resolution. The study was conducted Colol village in April to May 2016. Acquisition of data using observation, in-depth interviews with a purposive and snowball and secondary data. Analysis of data using conflict tree analysis, stakeholders and mapping conflicts. The results showed that the cause of the conflict is the difference in value systems that implicates disagreement land status and boundaries as well as the uncertainty of access due to rights issues and access. Conflict resolution is required is to build trust between the parties, improve communication to reduce the differences in perception, increased involvement of indigenous peoples in the management of Ruteng Recreation Park, reconstruction of recreation park boundaries involving the parties, especially the major stakeholders and optimizing the coordination and communication between the parties.Colol Custom Community determine their traditional territory option to pull out of the Ruteng Recreation Park.