Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tree nuts'
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Hancock, Wayne Mitchell. "Towards a farming systems approach to tree nut research in Malawi /." View thesis, 1992. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030616.121740/index.html.
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Hancock, Wayne Mitchell. "Towards a farming systems approach to tree nut research in Malawi." Thesis, View thesis, 1992. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/413.
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This thesis covers years of field work in Malawi, Africa by the author as a Research Agronomist (Tree Nuts) for the Government of Malawi. The thesis is an action research type with core and thesis projects which are closely linked. The client group are large estate managers who control the tree nut industries in Malawi. The political, economic and historical perspectives are different from those commonly faced by Australian agronomists and the isolated location of the work make this a unique study. The thesis includes sections on plantation or estate agriculture, farming systems approaches to research and problem solving, systems concepts in agricultural settings and action research concepts. These provide a framework for the study within the constraints of the government research system and industry expectations. The body of the thesis is a review paper presented to estate managers and co-researchers after one year's work. Relevant outcomes of the study are presented. The discussion draws together the outcomes through reflection on the process and methods used. Advantages and disadvantages are considered and risks, such as the dangers to the researcher of this type of study, are highlighted.
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Roth, Robert L., Bryant R. Gardner, and Michael W. Kilby. "Fruit and Nut Tree Variety Trial -- Yuma." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215723.
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Hancock, Wayne Mitchell, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, and of Science Technology and Agriculture Faculty. "Towards a farming systems approach to tree nut research in Malawi." THESIS_FSTA_XXX_Hancock_W.xml, 1992. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/413.
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This thesis covers years of field work in Malawi, Africa by the author as a Research Agronomist (Tree Nuts) for the Government of Malawi. The thesis is an action research type with core and thesis projects which are closely linked. The client group are large estate managers who control the tree nut industries in Malawi. The political, economic and historical perspectives are different from those commonly faced by Australian agronomists and the isolated location of the work make this a unique study. The thesis includes sections on plantation or estate agriculture, farming systems approaches to research and problem solving, systems concepts in agricultural settings and action research concepts. These provide a framework for the study within the constraints of the government research system and industry expectations. The body of the thesis is a review paper presented to estate managers and co-researchers after one year's work. Relevant outcomes of the study are presented. The discussion draws together the outcomes through reflection on the process and methods used. Advantages and disadvantages are considered and risks, such as the dangers to the researcher of this type of study, are highlighted.Master of Science (Hons)
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Glaspole, Ian. "The human cellular response to peanut (Arachis hypogaea) and cross-reacting tree-nuts." Monash University, Dept. of Pathology and Immunology, 2004. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9665.
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De, Leon Maria P. "Immunological and molecular characterisation of major peanut allergens and their cross-reactive components in tree nuts." Monash University, Dept. of Pathology and Immunology, 2004. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9673.
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Sullivan, Neal H. "An algorithm for a landscape level model of mast production /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3013030.
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Brookbank, George. "Deciduous Fruit Trees at the Tucson Extension Garden Center." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215748.
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Ghorbani, Mohammad. "Extraction, purification and immunochemical analysis of tree nut proteins." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435781.
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Young, Deborah, and Michael Matheron. "Control of Phytophthrowa Root and Crown Rot of Apple Trees." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215717.
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Matheron, Michael, Deborah Young, and Joe Matejka. "Root and Crown Rot of Apple Trees Caused by Phytophthora." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215738.
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Walworth, James, Andrew Pond, and Michael W. Kilby. "Leaf Sampling Guide with Interpretation and Evaluation for Arizona Pecan Orchards." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146970.
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Walworth, James L., Andrew P. Pond, and Michael W. Kilby. "Leaf Sampling Guide with Interpretation and Evaluation for Arizona Pecan Orchards." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/239608.
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McComas, Magers Robyn. "Interactions in the space of one tree /." View thesis View thesis, 2002. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030331.152733/index.html.
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Gibson, Richard, Linda Nunan, and Michael Kilby. "Pecan yields and nut quality as influenced by soil trenching and tree pruning." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/222518.
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Trenching and pruning applications were placed on mature Wichita pecan trees in Maricopa, Arizona in 1998. Yield and nut quality data from the test are presented. Unfortunately, the cool, favorable growing weather minimized quality degradation during the growing season and confounded the test. Data presented probably do not reflect the true benefits of the treatments.
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Argwings-Kodhek, Clement Gem 1963. "An economic analysis of the desirability of another tree nut marketing order: Pecans." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276789.
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The Agricultural Marketing Agreements Act of 1937 allows groups of specialty crop producers to form marketing orders to affect various aspects of the market in which they sell. Two of the three major tree nuts--almonds and walnuts--operate under marketing orders. This study examined the question of whether or not the third major tree nut industry--pecans--should follow suit. An econometric model of the demand side of the tree nut industries was developed and used in simulations to see how prices and total revenues in the pecan industry would change under different assumptions as to the existence, or form, of a marketing order. The results showed that over the simulation period--1988 to 1992--the industry would benefit from the formation of a marketing order that limited quantities reaching the primary market, and used the surplus for developing new markets.
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Trozzo, Katie Ellen. "Potential Adoption of Native Fruit and Nut Tree Riparian Buffers on Private Land in Western Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77000.
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Riparian corridors are often farmed or grazed because they are typically productive and offer a low cost water supply for livestock. These areas are also critical in terms of water quality, soil retention, and aquatic and terrestrial wildlife habitat. Conservation of riparian areas can be conflicting due to loss of productive land for other uses. Agroforestry riparian buffers planted with native fruit and nut trees could help integrate conservation and production in this valuable space by giving landowners the opportunity to provide beneficial environmental services, while enhancing their opportunities for revenue. In order to realize potential use of this type of system, it is important to understand how to communicate benefits and improve prediction of adoption. With this in mind, we conducted a mail survey of creek side owners within three Virginia subwatersheds to 1) create typologies of underlying groups of landowners in order to develop relevant communication strategies for native fruit and nut tree ripairan buffers and 2) test the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) singularly and with additional agroforestry concepts to predict intention to adopt native fruit and nut tree ripairan buffers. Three landowner types were identified within the larger population of creek owners and exhibit differences that merit tailored communication strategies. Both models predict a noteworthy amount of intention to plant native fruit and nut tree riparian buffers. However, when agroforestry measures were added they explained a notable portion of variance.Master of Science
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Kawai, Takashi. "Virus-induced gene silencing in Prunus fruit and nut tree species by Apple latent spherical virus vector." Kyoto University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/217995.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・論文博士
博士(農学)
乙第13073号
論農博第2843号
新制||農||1046(附属図書館)
学位論文||H29||N5029(農学部図書室)
33224
京都大学大学院農学研究科農学専攻
(主査)教授 北島 宣, 教授 土井 元章, 教授 田尾 龍太郎
学位規則第4条第2項該当
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Eliasson, Hanna. "Development of immunological methods and Real-Time PCR for detection of Macadamia nut (Macadamia spp.)." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6150.
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A new European labeling directive (2003/89/EC) states that certain foods and products derived thereof must always be declared. Among the tree nuts specified is Macadamia nut (Macadamia spp.). During the last few years, cases of IgE-allergic reactions, even severe anaphylaxes, have been reported. Reliable methods for the detection of this nut are needed.
Protein from Macadamia nuts was isolated. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in SDS revealed two main protein bands of about 20 and 50kDa. These protein bands were cut and extracted from the gel and rabbits were immunized with each protein.
Immunoblotting showed dominant reactivity with the respective antigens. The antisera were further tested for specificity in immunodiffusion and in rocket immunoelectrophoresis.
In addition, a specific DNA-method was developed, based on Real-Time PCR using Macadamia vicilin as target sequence. Two different primer pairs were tested. Specificity was tested against potentially related nuts. Optimisation of primer and probe concentrations was performed. The limit of detection was 2-4 pg DNA, corresponding to a macadamia nut concentration of 50 to 100 μg per g. In a background of soybean DNA, down to 0,01 % macadamia DNA could be detected.
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Bourogâa, Farouk [Verfasser], Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Vidal, Klaus [Gutachter] Becker, and Bernd [Gutachter] Ulber. "Insecticidal properties of the physic nut tree Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae) and potential use in pest management / Farouk Bourogâa ; Gutachter: Klaus Becker, Bernd Ulber ; Betreuer: Stefan Vidal." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1176189492/34.
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Commender, Katie Elene. "Factors Affecting the Adoption and Retention of Conservation Buffers." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80485.
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Despite the numerous environmental benefits of conservation buffers and incentives offered by cost-share programs, adoption remains low. Typical buffer designs often take arable land out of production. Multifunctional conservation buffers (MCBs) offer an alternative that supports rather than excludes production. By incorporating non-timber forest products (NTFPs), edible or ornamental crops can be harvested for profit or home use, while retaining key environmental services. Beyond low adoption rates, little is known about the long-term retention of conservation buffers due in part to limited program evaluation funding. However, implementation of evaluation recommendations is imperative for buffer retention. With this in mind, we administered a mail survey to conservation buffer adopters throughout Virginia. The first objective was to evaluate post-adoption experiences with conservation buffers. We identified four landowner clusters with distinct differences in buffer perceptions and intentions to retain. Insights can help conservation agencies enhance programming to reduce negative buffer experiences and increase long-term retention. The second objective was to determine interest in and preferences for MCBs. We found respondents were somewhat to very interested in MCBs, and increases in this interest were influenced most by the buffer's potential to decrease soil loss. Respondents who found MCBs more appealing than traditional designs had supportive peers and higher expectations of MCB performance. Lastly, respondents preferred MCBs designed with nut or fruit producing trees that grow naturally. Findings can help inform future outreach and programming aimed at merging conservation and production in buffer zones.Master of Science
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Uribe, Jorge Luis Ferrer. "Ação do estado e a exploração de um recurso de acesso comum, a castanha do Brasil (Bertholletia excelsa): estudo de caso na comunidade amazônica de Tres Islas, na Região de Madre de Dios, Peru." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-14032012-103208/.
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Ao longo da história da humanidade duas características se destacam: a crescente capacidade de captar energia e informação por parte das populações humanas, especialmente exponencial nos últimos 300 anos, e o aumento da complexidade na organização das suas sociedades em razão notadamente do crescimento das teias de interdependência humana. As pressões políticas e econômicas por satisfazer as necessidades do mercado mundial colocam em risco a reprodução social das populações amazônicas com seus meios tradicionais de sobrevivência, o que implica em ameaça à estabilidade política do país. O olhar investigativo deste trabalho se volta para os contextos sócio-históricos como base de uma análise das instituições em torno do uso de um recurso de acesso comum, considerando as múltiplas funções (sociais, ambientais, culturais) destas práticas sociais, particularmente relacionadas ao manejo e exploração coletiva da castanha do Brasil (Bertholletia excelsa). Neste quadro, este estudo teve como objetivo examinar em que medida o uso deste recurso de acesso comum, a castanha do Brasil, regido por normas locais, é afetado por medidas governamentais. As instituições relacionadas aos recursos de acesso comum participam e se desenvolvem na propriedade comunal, num processo de longo tempo. Elas podem se reforçar ou se fragilizar em razão de medidas governamentais. Estas últimas serão o objeto de análise, constituindo parte do quebra-cabeça necessário para nos aproximar de uma realidade complexa. Os resultados deste trabalho visam também contribuir com a reflexão sobre o papel do Estado na promoção e reconhecimento ou, ao contrário, na erosão - de funções associadas às atividades extrativas florestais, neste caso em torno da exploração comunitária da castanha do Brasil em Tres Islas. Para desenvolver este objetivo, procura-se resgatar e analisar a história da Amazônia peruana, destacando processos socioculturais da comunidade de Tres Islas. Ademais, procura-se caracterizar o sistema de exploração da castanha em seu ecossistema específico e identificar as múltiplas funções associadas a esta atividade extrativa. Posteriormente, são analisadas as políticas públicas que afetam o manejo da castanha do Brasil na comunidade de Tres Islas, análise fundada nos referenciais que orientam a ação do Estado. A abordagem metodológica desta pesquisa se fundamenta, sobretudo, na análise de entrevistas com coletores de castanha, o que permite apresentar as características de manejo coletivo da terra, discutir como as políticas, em escala regional e nacional, e como padrões culturais ou forças sócio-econômicas se relacionam com a tomada de decisões dos atores individuais e coletivos sobre suas estratégias de reprodução social. Como conclusão observou-se que as regras usadas na comunidade de Tres Islas para a atividade castanheira configuram, em grande medida, um sistema de gestão robusto, favorável a preservação da auto-gestão comunitária da atividade extrativa florestal, com benefício econômico às famílias de Tres Islas e fortalecimento das relações sociais ao interior da comunidade. Ao mesmo tempo, este sistema rege uma exploração extrativista que contribui com conservação da floresta, quando comparada com outras atividades. No entanto, este sistema de manejo autogestionário encontra-se sob risco: as medidas governamentais são concebidas e implementadas sem um maior reconhecimento das múltiplas funções associadas a esta atividade extrativa.There are two remarkable characteristics during mankind history: the increasing capacity of human populations, exponentially in the last 300 years, to obtain energy and information and the increase in the complexity of the organization of their societies based especially on human interdependence. Economical and political pressures to satisfy the needs of the worldwide market put at risk the social reproduction of the Amazonian populations with their traditional ways of survival. This implies a threat to the political stability of the country. The research approach of this project focuses on the social-historical context to analyze institutions regarding the use of a common-pool resource. We have considered multiple functions (social, environmental, cultural) of these social practices, particularly, regarding the management and collective exploration of the Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa). In this scenario, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the extent of use of the commonpool resource, the Brazil nut, governed by local laws and affected by governmental measures. The institutions related with the common-pool resources participate in the common property in a very long process. They can become stronger or more fragile depending on the governmental measures. These measures will be analyzed, constituting part of the puzzle necessary to be closer to a complex reality. The results of this project also propose to contribute with a reflection about the role of the State in the promotion and acknowledgment, or on the contrary, in the erosion on associated functions to forest extraction activities. In this particular case, about the communal exploration of the Brazil nut in Tres Islas. To develop the objective, we pursued to rescue and analyze the history of the Peruvian Amazon. We emphasized social-cultural processes of the community Tres Islas. Also, we pursued to characterize the exploration system of the Brazil nut in its specific ecosystem and identify the multiple functions associated to this extractive activity. After the analysis of the public policies affecting the management of the Brazil nut, in the community Tres Islas, it reported that everything is dependent on a States action. The methodological approximation of this research focuses, overall, in the analysis of interviews with harvesters of Brazil nuts. This allows us to present the characteristics of collective management of the land, discuss policies at regional and national level, and how cultural patterns or social-economical forces are related with decisions taken by individual and collective stakeholders about their social reproduction strategies. In conclusion, we observed that the rules used in the community Tres Islas for the activity of Brazil nut harvest, lead to a strong management system favorable to the preservation of the self-community management in forest activities. This also brings an economical advantage to the families and the strengthening of the social relations inside the community. At the same time, this system guides an extractive exploration contributing with the forest preservation in comparison with other activities. However, this self-managed system is under risk, governmental measures are thought and implemented without the corresponding acknowledgment of the multiple functions associated to this extractive activity.
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Shih, Jen-Cheng, and 施仁政. "Development and improvement of burglarproof implement for betel nuts tree." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72136625319710284968.
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Pereira, Cátia Liliana Morais. "Characterization of allergens from several tree nuts and their role in plant food allergy." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/11516.
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Tese de mestrado, Controlo da Qualidade e Toxicologia dos Alimentos, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2014Food allergies are a common issue in western countries. In the last decade, these diseases has increased significantly, and nowadays it is estimated that affects 2-8% of the population. Within the food allergies, plant food is the most frequent in adult population and the most part of the plant food allergens belong to protein families with defense or storage functions. Among plant food allergies there is a special interest in tree nut allergy. In the course of history, nuts have been part of the diet around the world. Tree nuts have a high nutritional value and they are very important in the human diet. However, in the developed world, the allergic reactions caused by tree nuts represent one of the first causes of food allergies in children and the first in adults. Understanding the mechanism by which a harmless protein to the organism is capable of inducing an allergic response is the basis to prevent and treat this type of disease. Until now, in food allergy, the only possible treatment is avoiding the consumption of the culprit food. Although, the existence of cross-reactivity between allergens and the specific sensitization profiles of each patient, makes it difficult to know which foods are related and which ones the patient should avoid. In order to develop safe and effective immunotherapy, it is necessary to characterize the allergens involved both at molecular and immunological level. The major allergens described in tree nuts are 7S vicilins, 11S legumins, 2S albumins, lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) and thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs). In this thesis, the allergenic molecular basis of these proteins was studied in order to try to understand the possible mechanisms that are mediating sensitization and cross-reactivity and the prevalence of these proteins in a Spanish population, with the use of protein microarrays.
As alergias alimentares são um problema comum nos países ocidentais. Na última década, estas doenças têm aumentado significativamente e actualmente é estimado que afectem 2-8% da população. Nas alergias alimentares, a alergia a alimentos vegetais é a mais frequente na população adulta e a maioria dos alergenos de alimentos vegetais pertencem a famílias de proteínas com funções de defesa e armazenamento. Entre as alergias a alimentos vegetais, há um interesse especial na alergia a frutos secos. No decurso da história, os frutos secos têm feito parte da dieta em todo o mundo. Os frutos secos têm um elevado valor nutricional e são muito importantes na dieta humana. Contudo, no mundo desenvolvido, as reacções alérgicas causadas pelos frutos secos, representam uma das primeiras causas de alergia alimentar em crianças e a primeira em adultos. Conhecer o mecanismo pelo qual uma proteína inofensiva ao organismo é capaz de induzir uma resposta alérgica, é a base para prevenir e tratar este tipo de doença. Até agora, na alergia alimentar, o único tratamento possível é evitar o consumo do alimento culpado pela alergia. Todavia, a existência de reactividade-cruzada entre alergenos e os perfis especifícos de sensibilização dos patientes, torna difícil saber que alimentos estão relacionados e quais os alimentos que o paciente deve evitar. De modo a desenvolver imunoterapia segura e eficaz é necessário caracterizar os alergenos envolvidos, tanto a nível molecular como a nível imunológico. Os alergenos maioritários descritos nos frutos secos são vicilinas 7S, leguminas 11S, albuminas 2S, proteínas de transferência de lípidos (LTPs) e proteínas similares a taumatinas (TLPs). Nesta tese, a base molecular alergénica destas proteínas foi estudada de modo a perceber os possíveis mecanismos que medeiam a sensibilização e a reactividade-cruzada e a prevalência destas proteínas numa população Espanhola, com a utilização de microarrays de proteínas
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Ahrens, Susan Ellen Sathe Shridhar K. "Antigenicity of the low molecular weight proteins, polypeptides, and peptides in selected tree nuts, oilseeds, legumes and cereals." 2004. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07092004-110123.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2004.Advisor: Dr. Shridhar K. Sathe, Florida State University, College of Human Sciences, Dept. of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Science. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 23, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.
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Barreira, Lília Maria Teixeira. "Fatores de Risco para Alergia a Frutos de Casca Rija e Leguminosas em Crianças com Alergia ao Amendoim." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/98343.
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Trabalho Final do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina apresentado à Faculdade de MedicinaINTRODUÇÃO: A alergia ao amendoim está frequentemente associada a alergia a frutos de casca rija (FCR) e outras leguminosas devido a fenómenos de reatividade cruzada entre alergénios destes dois grupos alimentares. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o perfil alergológico e identificar fatores de risco para alergia a FCR e outras leguminosas em crianças com alergia ao amendoim, recorrendo a análise de clusters. MÉTODOS: Conduzimos um estudo observacional transversal incluindo todas as crianças com alergia ao amendoim e rastreio para alergia a FCR e leguminosas observadas na consulta de Alergologia Pediátrica de um Hospital Pediátrico Universitário nos últimos 5 anos. A identificação de fatores de risco para alergia cruzada foi feita recorrendo ao coeficiente de correlação de Kendall (τ) e a análise de clusters foi conduzida com recurso ao método Two-Step. RESULTADOS: Dos 42 doentes incluídos no estudo, verificámos que 45,2% (n=19) eram alérgicos a pelo menos um FCR e/ou leguminosa. O único fator de risco encontrado para alergia cruzada foi o eczema atópico (τ=0.34; p=0.03). Verificou-se uma forte correlação positiva entre a alergia à amêndoa e avelã (τ=0.57; p<0.01). Nos doentes que realizaram estudo alergológico molecular, identificaram-se dois clusters: o cluster 1 (n=8) apresentava, na sua maioria, eczema atópico, alergia à noz, à avelã e à amêndoa, níveis mais elevados de IgE específica para Ara h 1, 2, 3, 6 e 9 e ausência de IgE específica para Ara h 8. O cluster 2 (n=7) não apresentava, na sua maioria, alergia a FCR e estava sensibilizado à avelã; caracterizava-se por taxas mais altas de asma e rinite e menores de eczema atópico; apresentava um nível médio mais alto de IgE específica para Ara h 8 e baixo para os restantes componentes alergénicos do amendoim. DISCUSSÃO: A identificação do eczema atópico como fator de risco reforça a hipótese de implicação desta patologia na génese da alergia alimentar. Os resultados da análise de clusters sugerem dois padrões distintos de doença alérgica ao amendoim: o doente com eczema atópico e predisposição para alergia cruzada a FCR e leguminosas e, por outro lado, o doente sensibilizado à avelã, com níveis médios elevados de IgE para Ara h 8 e patologia da via aérea de etiologia alérgica, sem predisposição para alergia cruzada a FCR e leguminosas. CONCLUSÃO: Doentes alérgicos ao amendoim com eczema atópico e níveis mais elevados de IgE sérica específica para Ara h 1, 2, 3, 6 e 9 têm maior risco de alergia cruzada a FCR e/ou outras leguminosas.
INTRODUCTION: Peanut allergy is frequently associated with tree nut (TN) and legume allergy due to cross-reactivity phenomena between allergens belonging to these food groups. The aim of this study was to examine the allergic profile of children with peanut allergy and identify risk factors for TN and legume allergy in these patients, using cluster analysis. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study including all peanut-allergic children with a workup for TN and legume allergy evaluated at a pediatric allergology department in a regional referral hospital in the last 5 years. We identified risk factors for cross-allergy to TN and/or legumes using Kendall’s rank correlation coefficient and the cluster analysis was conducted using the Two-Step method. RESULTS: 42 patients were included in the study, of which 45,2% (n=19) were allergic to at least one TN and/or legume. Atopic dermatitis was the only risk factor we identified for cross-allergy (τ=0.34; p=0.03). A strong positive correlation was found between almond and hazelnut allergy (τ=0.57; p<0.01). Among patients with a complete molecular allergy diagnosis, two clusters were identified: cluster 1 (n=8) was characterized by higher rates of walnut, hazelnut, and almond allergy as well as atopic dermatitis, higher average levels of sIgE for Ara h 1, 2, 3, 6 and 9 and a lack of sIgE for Ara h 8; cluster 2 (n=7) was characterized by a lower proportion of cross-allergy to TN and a high sensitization rate to hazelnut, as well as higher rates of allergic asthma and rhinitis and lower rates of atopic dermatitis; sIgE levels for Ara h 8 were higher and sIgE levels for the remaining peanut allergic components were lower in this group. DISCUSSION: The strong correlation found between atopic dermatitis and cross-allergy risk reinforces the emerging theory regarding its role in food allergy etiology. The results from the cluster analysis suggest two different patterns of allergic disease to peanut: the average patient from cluster 1, suffering from atopic dermatitis, with higher sIgE levels for all peanut allergens except Ara h 8, and a predisposition towards cross-allergy to TN and legumes; and the average patient from cluster 2, with higher average levels of sIge for Ara h 8 and allergic respiratory disease, sensitized to hazelnut and without a tendency for cross-allergy to TN and legumes. CONCLUSIONS: Peanut allergic children with atopic dermatitis and higher sIgE levels for Ara h 1, 2, 3, 6 and 9 have a higher risk for developing cross-allergy to TN and/or legumes.
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Gregory, Davina. "The development of a genetic linkage map for almond based on molecular and agronomic markers." 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/59630.
Full textAbstract:
Title page, table of contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University of Adelaide Library.Almond, Prunus dulcis, is a tree nut crop that originated in central Asia and is now grown commercially worldwide. Within Australia there exists huge potential gain from optimisation of almond cultivars better suited to Australian conditions. This is the ultimate goal of the Australian Almond Breeding Program, which was established in 1997 at the University of Adelaide. As part of this breeding program a unique hybrid population was developed from a cross between the American self-incompatible cultivar 'Nonpareil' (NP) and European self-compatible cultivar 'Lauranne' (LA). The F₁ population derived from this cross is the focus of this study, the population consisted of 181 individuals, of which 93 were selected for use in the mapping study. Investigation of a number of DNA extraction techniques was performed in order to optimise DNA extraction quality and integrity from almond leaves for future applications in molecular work. To determine if the purported F₁ hybrids were true hybrids, derived from a cross between the cultivars NP and LA, both DNA fingerprinting with cluster analysis and S-allele identification was performed, and the majority of F₁ putative hybrids clustered between the two parents when analysed using the simple matching coefficient and UPGMA. The genetic similarity between individuals comprising the mapping population ranged from 70% to 93% while the parents were 72% similar in comparison to each other. This indicated high genetic variability available for studying heritabilities and for production of a genetic map. Analysing the S-allele complement of all the F₁ hybrids was also performed to offer a more robust method for hybrid determination, since individuals in a breeding population with aberrant S-allele inheritance can be considered non-related. The inheritance of the self-fertility gene is important in breeding programs, since the majority of almond cultivars are self-incompatible, tracking the inheritance of this allele in breeding programs is therefore highly desirable. A detailed morphological study was performed on the whole population over three growing seasons, 2001, 2002, and 2003. In 2001 tree characters such as disease prevalence, bare branches, close internodes, level of upright branches, leaf size and colour were measured. For all the seasons a number of other traits were also measured including: yield, bloom time, self-compatibility, percentage of double kernels, shell hardness, kernel weight, shape, taste, pubescence, and colour. The heritability, genetic variance, segregation and raw correlations between traits were calculated and used to establish a mode of inheritance for these traits. Rainfall and temperature maximum, minimum and monthly averages were collected and used to compare trends in the collected morphological data with these climatic data. A preliminary investigation was undertaken to determine if the cellular structure of the kernel testa epidermis was responsible for the pubescent versus smooth mouth feel of the F₁ hybrids. Light and scanning electron microscopy identified the presence of cellular protuberances arising from the epidermis as a potential cause of the pubescent mouthfeel in almonds. Bulked segregant analysis using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers identified a potential marker linked to the pubescent trait which was converted to a sequence characterised amplified region (SCAR), which was also used to screen twelve almond cultivars for this trait. In addition to the use of BSA for the development of markers linked to traits of interest, the development of genetic linkage maps has the potential to greatly enhance current and future breeding programs by MAS. This study produced a genetic linkage map for this population, constructed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), ISSR, and simple sequence repeats (SSR), with the mapping program Joinmap 3.0. Two parental maps were constructed, which coalesced into seven linkage groups for the female parent and eight linkage groups for the male parent, corresponding to the chromosome number of eight for almond. The marker density was 9.4 cM/marker for NP and 9.6 cM/marker for LA, covering 65% for the female and male parental maps in compalison to the highly saturated peach x almond map produced by the European Prunus Mapping Program (EPMP). Fourteen markers segregating in both parents were used to produce an integrated parental map for this cross, which coalesced into six linkage groups with a marker density of 11.6 cM/marker. The presence of anchor loci common to the EPMP map allowed homologolls linkage groups to be established between the two populations. This study has contributed to the understanding of key morphological traits important in almond breeding programs. The expression and influence of biotic factors on the expression of these traits was also investigated. Understanding factors responsible for kernel taste is also an important objective and this study has contributed to this knowledge. The development of a genetic linkage map will serve as a permanent and practical resource for almond breeders in Australia, and contribute important data to the EPMP. This has significant benefit for Prunus breeders worldwide, and further enhances knowledge on an economically important nut crop
http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1141951
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture and Wine, 2004
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Gregory, Davina. "The development of a genetic linkage map for almond based on molecular and agronomic markers." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/59630.
Full textAbstract:
Almond, Prunus dulcis, is a tree nut crop that originated in central Asia and is now grown commercially worldwide. Within Australia there exists huge potential gain from optimisation of almond cultivars better suited to Australian conditions. This is the ultimate goal of the Australian Almond Breeding Program, which was established in 1997 at the University of Adelaide. As part of this breeding program a unique hybrid population was developed from a cross between the American self-incompatible cultivar 'Nonpareil' (NP) and European self-compatible cultivar 'Lauranne' (LA). The F₁ population derived from this cross is the focus of this study, the population consisted of 181 individuals, of which 93 were selected for use in the mapping study.
Investigation of a number of DNA extraction techniques was performed in order to optimise DNA extraction quality and integrity from almond leaves for future applications in molecular work.
To determine if the purported F₁ hybrids were true hybrids, derived from a cross between the cultivars NP and LA, both DNA fingerprinting with cluster analysis and S-allele identification was performed, and the majority of F₁ putative hybrids clustered between the two parents when analysed using the simple matching coefficient and UPGMA. The genetic similarity between individuals comprising the mapping population ranged from 70% to 93% while the parents were 72% similar in comparison to each other. This indicated high genetic variability available for studying heritabilities and for production of a genetic map. Analysing the S-allele complement of all the F₁ hybrids was also performed to offer a more robust method for hybrid determination, since individuals in a breeding population with aberrant S-allele inheritance can be considered non-related. The inheritance of the self-fertility gene is important in breeding programs, since the majority of almond cultivars are self-incompatible, tracking the inheritance of this allele in breeding programs is therefore highly desirable.
A detailed morphological study was performed on the whole population over three growing seasons, 2001, 2002, and 2003. In 2001 tree characters such as disease prevalence, bare branches, close internodes, level of upright branches, leaf size and colour were measured. For all the seasons a number of other traits were also measured including: yield, bloom time, self-compatibility, percentage of double kernels, shell hardness, kernel weight, shape, taste, pubescence, and colour. The heritability, genetic variance, segregation and raw correlations between traits were calculated and used to establish a mode of inheritance for these traits. Rainfall and temperature maximum, minimum and monthly averages were collected and used to compare trends in the collected morphological data with these climatic data.
A preliminary investigation was undertaken to determine if the cellular structure of the kernel testa epidermis was responsible for the pubescent versus smooth mouth feel of the F₁ hybrids. Light and scanning electron microscopy identified the presence of cellular protuberances arising from the epidermis as a potential cause of the pubescent mouthfeel in almonds. Bulked segregant analysis using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers identified a potential marker linked to the pubescent trait which was converted to a sequence characterised amplified region (SCAR), which was also used to screen twelve almond cultivars for this trait.
In addition to the use of BSA for the development of markers linked to traits of interest, the development of genetic linkage maps has the potential to greatly enhance current and future breeding programs by MAS. This study produced a genetic linkage map for this population, constructed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), ISSR, and simple sequence repeats (SSR), with the mapping program Joinmap 3.0. Two parental maps were constructed, which coalesced into seven linkage groups for the female parent and eight linkage groups for the male parent, corresponding to the chromosome number of eight for almond. The marker density was 9.4 cM/marker for NP and 9.6 cM/marker for LA, covering 65% for the female and male parental maps in compalison to the highly saturated peach x almond map produced by the European Prunus Mapping Program (EPMP). Fourteen markers segregating in both parents were used to produce an integrated parental map for this cross, which coalesced into six linkage groups with a marker density of 11.6 cM/marker. The presence of anchor loci common to the EPMP map allowed homologolls linkage groups to be established between the two populations.
This study has contributed to the understanding of key morphological traits important in almond breeding programs. The expression and influence of biotic factors on the expression of these traits was also investigated. Understanding factors responsible for kernel taste is also an important objective and this study has contributed to this knowledge. The development of a genetic linkage map will serve as a permanent and practical resource for almond breeders in Australia, and contribute important data to the EPMP. This has significant benefit for Prunus breeders worldwide, and further enhances knowledge on an economically important nut cropThesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture and Wine, 2004
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Pauku, Richard Larry. "Domestication of indigenous fruit and nut trees for agroforestry in Solomon Islands." Thesis, 2005. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/22458/1/01front.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In the Solomon Islands subsistence agriculture, monoculture plantations, new settlements and commercial timber extraction have resulted in indiscriminate deforestation. Agroforestry is an approach to sustainable landuse aimed at reversing these land degradation processes worldwide. In recent years, the domestication of indigenous fruit and nut trees has been added to the package of techniques making agroforestry more effective. By improving the livelihood benefits derived from agroforestry, the domestication of agroforestry trees is becoming a tool for the alleviation of the severe ecological and socio-economic problems of many developing countries.
This thesis describes research to develop techniques for the domestication of indigenous nut tree species in the Solomon Islands. The first step was to determine which species the local communities considered to be their top priorities for domestication. Consequently, participatory surveys were undertaken in 155 households from five villages (Ringi, Seusepe, Rei, Poporo and Hunda) around Kolombangara Island. These surveys identified that Barringtonia procera (Cutnut) and Inocarpus fagifer (Tahitian chestnut) were the species that were most important as a source of food and income, while also filling in critical niches in the farming systems. A review of the literature found that very little is known about the biology of either species and that no previous studies had been done to domesticate these species. Farmers, however, confirmed that they were growing seeds from trees with desirable nut characters.
The next step was to quantitatively characterise the phenotypic variation in the dry matter partitioning between different components of fruits and nuts from the five target villages. Whenever possible, 24 fruits were collected from each of 119 trees of B. procera and separated into their components (pulp, nut and kernel) for measurement. Within each population, highly significant (P= 0.001) and continuous intraspecific variation was found in all the measured traits. However, site-to-site variability was not significant. This quantitative data was also used to: (i) identify the market-oriented traits which could be combined to describe the 'ideal tree' or 'ideotype', in which 'Harvest Index' is maximised through the partitioning of dry matter to the commercially and domestically important kernel, (ii) identify the elite trees, which could be vegetatively propagated and (iii) ascertain through an anlaysis of the frequency distribution of the data, the degree to which farmers have already from their own actions initiated the domestication process.
This study was complemented by a molecular study of genetic variation in each population. This molecular study found significant genetic diversity within and between the five populations of Barringtonia procera. It was also used in parallel with the morphological data, to evaluate: (i) the relatedness of three edible species of Barringtonia, and (ii) the relatedness of elite trees within the five populations. The results imply that the field collections failed to accurately distinguish the different species because of overlapping morphological characteristics. There was no conclusive evidence of any hybridisation between these species, it was clear that elite trees were generally unrelated. Further studies are required to elucidate the taxonomy of the three species.
The final section of this thesis examined the factors which affect the rooting ability of both B. procera and I. fagifer stem cuttings. These results are then used to define the most appropriate material and techniques for the development of robust vegetative propagation protocols for village scale nurseries. Both species were found to be easily propagated by single-node, leafy, stem cuttings. Seventeen experiments tested the main factors known to affect the rooting of tropical tree cuttings. It was found that auxin (indole-3-butyric acid) did not significantly increase the rooting percentage, although there were significant differences in the numbers of roots formed, which in both species were maximal with 0.8% IBA. There were no consistent significant differences between cuttings from different nodes. However, the presence of a leaf was essential for rooting with 100% mortality in leafless cuttings of I. fagifer and 79 % mortality in B. procera. Both species, regardless of leaf area, leafy cuttings had 77-100% rooting success.
Having identified the optimal treatments for stem cuttings from juvenile trees, the study progressed to an examination of one of the major constraints to developing cultivars from mature trees of any species, namely how to root cuttings taken from the mature (ontogenetically-mature) crown. Three approaches were examined:- (i) a comparison of the rooting ability of juvenile seedlings and shoots from potted mature marcots; (ii) a study of the factors affecting the successfulness of marcotting (air-layering) and (iii) the separation of physiological and ontogenetic ageing in the intact tree crown. In B. procera, juvenile cuttings from seedlings rooted better than cuttings from mature potted marcots, because the latter suffered leaf abscission. In I. fagifer mature and juvenile cuttings both rooted well. Shading mature stockplants of B. procera, however, significantly improved rooting ability of mature cuttings. Marcots of both species rooted 100% and a few factors were found to reduce this, although survival of the marcots declined if they were not harvested within 3-4 months. Attempts to separate ontogenetic and physiological ageing within the mature crown were partially successful, resulting in shoots which were comparable morphologically. However, enhanced rooting percentages were not consistently achieved across all treated shoots. Nevertheless, the number of roots per rooted cutting was significantly increased in the treated mature shoots.
Marcotting resulted in establishment of mature stockplants in the nursery, which can be used in future as the source of mature cuttings for further work to develop cultivars from selected elite individuals.
In conclusion, this study has developed robust and simple techniques which are appropriate for the domestication of B. procera and I. fagifer in remote communities in the Pacific, like Kolombangara Island. This opens the way for a programme of participatory domestication for these indigenous nuts in the Solomon Islands. This should greatly enhance the opportunities to commercialise indigenous nuts and to use them as a means to enhance income generation and to improve the livelihoods of rural people, as well as to develop more sustainable agricultural production systems based on agroforestry.
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Bourogâa, Farouk. "Insecticidal properties of the physic nut tree Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae) and potential use in pest management." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002E-E55F-7.
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LEE-Yen-Ting and 李彥廷. "An Inquiry Study of Betel Nut Culture and Health Issue among tree Taitung Indigenous Villages in Taiwan:Taromak,Lalaulan and Cikanga." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9sqs49.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺東大學
生命科學系碩士班
102
This study surveyed different indigenous betel nut culture in different environment, include Coastal Cikanga, Lowland Lalaulan, Mountainous Taromak, from July 1 2013 to December 31 2013. Our study investigated aboriginal betel nut chewing way and the effects of healthy. We hope to find a way of betel nut chewing to conform the aboriginal culture, and care both physical and mental health. Betel nut is important in aboriginal living. Include betel fruit, trunk of betel tree could build up houses, aqueduct and bridges. Leaf of betel nut can be a toy, used to cover food and be a fan. Cikanga tribe has also a culture of eating growth buds and flower of betel nut. The results showed betel nut chewing has benefit of refreshing, reduce tooth decay, relax mind and decrease schizophrenia prevalence. The defect of betel nut are easy to cause periodontal disease, cardiovascular disease, obesity, type II diabetes, nephrology disease, cancer and newborn low body weight. This study were recommended that further issues, such as the way to reduce or remove arecoline and safrole, betel nut eating methods and amount, developing of betel nut
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Costa, Joana Sofia Barros da. "Development and application of molecular-based methods for the detection of tree nut allergens: the cases of almond, hazelnut and walnut." Doctoral thesis, 2013. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/71820.
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Costa, Joana Sofia Barros da. "Development and application of molecular-based methods for the detection of tree nut allergens: the cases of almond, hazelnut and walnut." Tese, 2013. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/71820.
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Ngorima, Gabriel T. "Towards sustainable use of Marula (Sclerocarya birrea) in the Savannah woodlands of Zvishavane District, Zimbabwe." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/2354.
Full textAbstract:
STUDENT NUMBER: 0516082G
Master of Science in Resource Conservation Biology
Faculty of ScienceThe aim was to determine the availability of marula (Sclerocarya birrea) (A.Rich.) Hochst. Subsp.cafra (Sond.) Kokwaro trees for the harvesting of nut oils, through determining abundance, population structure and regeneration capacity, within the context of the socioeconomic and biophysical dimensions of villages in Zvishavane, Zimbabwe. Both arable and non arable lands in the study area were sampled within four randomly selected villages to measure species abundance, regeneration and population dynamics of the trees. The socioeconomic factors influencing marula commercialisation were determined through participatory rural appraisal (PRA) and household questionnaire survey techniques. Vegetation characteristics were assessed through the point centre quarter (PCQ) method by placement of transects across sampled villages. All households (100%) collected marula fruit for their household use, mainly for brewing marula beer, making jam and selling kernels for snacks or oil pressing. In 2005, the mass of marula harvest per household averaged 160 ± 18 (SD) kg, with a range of 50-800 kg within the study area. A linear regression analysis indicates no increase in mass of marula harvest with larger sizes of household (r2 = 0.0089, d.f = 50, p = 0.4048). In addition, household interviews revealed that there was no association between level of household wealth status and the household’s use of traditional medicine from marula trees (χ2 = 0.2233, d.f = 2, p = 0.8944). The vegetation survey indicated a elatively high density of marula within the study area of 8.03 ± 3.19 stems ha-1. There was a significant difference in marula densities between arable and non arable land uses (F1, 197 = 11.92, p=0.001). The arable land had 6.40 ± 5.29 stems ha-1 while non arable land had three times more at 19.63 ± 11.82 stems ha-1. However there was no significant difference in densities between the villages in the study area (F 3, 195 =1.063, p= 0.366). There was a significant difference between marula tree diameters between arable and non arable land (t 92, 107 = 1.69, p = 0.0401). The arable land had generally bigger tree diameters (31.2 ± 25.3 cm) than non arable land (26.5 ± 20.8 cm), suggesting a form of domestication through allowing marula to grow around homesteads and crop fields. The investigation of marula size class profiles shows a large proportion of smaller diameter trees and this indicates ongoing recruitment of trees into the population. A closer analysis of the smallest diameter class shows a higher proportion of saplings (> 6cm diameter) than of seedlings (< 4cm diameter). Fruit harvesting seems to have a low potential for any negative impact, compared to other uses of marula trees. However fruits have the highest economic return and therefore should be targeted for the commercialisation activities. The management of some destructive forms of marula tree use (such as harvesting for bark, firewood, and carving wood) however, do need to be monitored to limit negative impacts on the population. There is also a need to determine the annual quantity of harvestable marula fruits and also the sex ratio of marula trees (a dioecious species) on this particular site, as a prelude to developing sustainable harvesting quotas, so that harvesting rates do not exceed the capacity of populations to replace the individuals extracted. There are some non governmental organisations (NGOs) and local institutions that are working towards natural resources conservation in the area. Zvishavane water project (ZWP) and Phytotrade Africa are assisting the rural producers in marula commercialisation activities through providing information on processing, packaging and marketing. At a current value of US$1 kg-1of fruit, the 3200 ha study area is estimated to yield a total harvest of 1 120 000 kg of marula fruit per year, and this should translate to an approximate total value of $1 120 000 per year for the whole area. There is still a need to expand the supply of processed goods with added value to wider markets locally, nationally, and internationally. There is therefore an indication that marula products offer a promising economic alternative for the people in the rural areas of Zvishavane area and southern Africa as a whole. The cash injection earned from selling fresh marula products comes at a particularly crucial time of the year, when money is required for school fees, uniforms and books. However there is a need for long-term monitoring and evaluation of socio-economic and environmental impacts of marula commercialisation so as to achieve sustainable resource utilisation in the region.