Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tree monitoring

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Tree monitoring'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Tree monitoring"

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Yang, Zi, Ka Wai Hui, Sawaid Abbas, Rui Zhu, Coco Yin Tung Kwok, Joon Heo, Sungha Ju, and Man Sing Wong. "A Review of Dynamic Tree Behaviors: Measurement Methods on Tree Sway, Tree Tilt, and Root–Plate Movement." Forests 12, no. 3 (March 22, 2021): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12030379.

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Urban forest ecosystems are being developed to provide various environmental services (e.g., the preservation of urban trees) to urban inhabitants. However, some trees are deteriorated asymptomatically without exhibiting an early sign of tree displacement, which results in a higher vulnerability under dynamic wind loads, especially during typhoon seasons, in the subtropical and tropical regions. As such, it is important to understand the tilt and sway behaviors of trees to cope up with the probability of tree failure and to improve the efficacy of tree management. Tree behaviors under wind loads have been broadly reviewed in the past literature, yet thorough discussions on the measurement methods for tree displacement and its analysis of broadleaf specimens are lacking. To understand the behavioral pattern of both broadleaf and conifer species, this paper presents a detailed review of sway behavior analysis from the perspectives of the aerial parts of the individual tree, including tree stem, canopy, and trunk, alongside a highlighted focus on the root–plate movement amid the soil-root system. The analytical approaches associated with the time-space domain and the time-frequency domain are being introduced. In addition to the review of dynamic tree behaviors, an integrated tree monitoring framework based on geographic information systems (GIS) to detect and visualize the extent of tree displacement using smart sensing technology (SST) is introduced. The monitoring system aims to establish an early warning indicator system for monitoring the displacement angles of trees over the territory of Hong Kong’s urban landscape. This pilot study highlights the importance of the monitoring system at an operational scale to be applicable in the urban areas showcasing the practical use of the Internet of Things (IoT) with an in-depth understanding of the wind-load effect toward the urban trees in the tropical and subtropical cities.
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Tyburski, Łukasz, and Paweł Przybylski. "Health condition of the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) in Kampinos National Park – preliminary studies." Folia Forestalia Polonica 58, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ffp-2016-0027.

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Abstract In 2015 in Kampinos National Park (KNP), monitoring of tree crown condition was conducted in specimens of the Scots pine, which is the dominant tree species in the park (73.3%). The monitoring was aimed at providing information about the health of pine trees in the national park area. The monitoring was conducted on 26 plots throughout the park. The stands where the pine is not a dominant species were omitted. On each plot, 20 trees were subjected to assessment. In total, 520 pine trees were examined. The monitoring was conducted by the assessment of tree crowns based on the adapted forest monitoring methodology conducted as part of National Environmental Monitoring. On the basis of the monitoring, it was found that 75.4% of the trees are characterised by slight defoliation and 94.4% of the specimens were not found to have discoloration of the assimilation apparatus. No differences were found between areas situated closer and further from the administrative borders of Warsaw. On the basis of the monitoring, it was found that the pine trees in KNP are in a good health condition. Dendrometric measurements show that the average diameter at breast height (DBH) of the analysed trees is 26.6 cm. The average height of the trees is 20.4 m. The average age of the examined tree stands is 84. The monitoring will be continued in subsequent years in order to record the changes taking place in tree crowns.
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Abimanyu, Bondan, Rahmat Safe’i, and Wahyu Hidayat. "Application of Forest Health Monitoring Method in Assessing Tree Damage in Metro Urban Forests." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 7, no. 3 (September 29, 2019): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl37289-298.

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The assessment of tree condition is very important to ensure visitor safety and to maintain the sustainability of Metro Urban Forest. However, data and information on the condition of trees in six locations of Metro Urban Forest are not yet available. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess tree damage in each Metro Urban Forest. Evaluation of tree damage such as location, type, and level of tree damage was conducted for each tree in accordance with the damage criteria of the Forest Health Monitoring method. Data were then analyzed by calculating the damage index and tree damage level index. The results showed that the vegetation in Metro Urban Forests was dominated by trees with the healthy condition of 1.549 trees or 87% of the total trees, hence the Metro Urban Forests could be considered safe for visitors. The level of tree damage in each Metro Urban Forest is as follows: 3% in Islamic Center Urban Forest, 9% in Tesarigaga Urban Forest, 12% in Bumi Perkemahan Urban Forest, 13% in Linara Urban Forest, 23% in Terminal 16c Urban Forest, and 23% in Stadion Urban Forest at 23%. Overall tree damage in the Metro Urban Forest reached 232 trees or 13% of the total trees. Tree maintenance in each urban forest in Metro City is needed to maintain tree health, the safety of visitors, and improve the quality of the urban environment. Keywords: damaged trees, Forest Health Monitoring, Metro Urban Forests
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Fuentes, Sigfredo, Eden Tongson, and Claudia Gonzalez Viejo. "Urban Green Infrastructure Monitoring Using Remote Sensing from Integrated Visible and Thermal Infrared Cameras Mounted on a Moving Vehicle." Sensors 21, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010295.

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Climate change forecasts higher temperatures in urban environments worsening the urban heat island effect (UHI). Green infrastructure (GI) in cities could reduce the UHI by regulating and reducing ambient temperatures. Forest cities (i.e., Melbourne, Australia) aimed for large-scale planting of trees to adapt to climate change in the next decade. Therefore, monitoring cities’ green infrastructure requires close assessment of growth and water status at the tree-by-tree resolution for its proper maintenance and needs to be automated and efficient. This project proposed a novel monitoring system using an integrated visible and infrared thermal camera mounted on top of moving vehicles. Automated computer vision algorithms were used to analyze data gathered at an Elm trees avenue in the city of Melbourne, Australia (n = 172 trees) to obtain tree growth in the form of effective leaf area index (LAIe) and tree water stress index (TWSI), among other parameters. Results showed the tree-by-tree variation of trees monitored (5.04 km) between 2016–2017. The growth and water stress parameters obtained were mapped using customized codes and corresponded with weather trends and urban management. The proposed urban tree monitoring system could be a useful tool for city planning and GI monitoring, which can graphically show the diurnal, spatial, and temporal patterns of change of LAIe and TWSI to monitor the effects of climate change on the GI of cities.
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Martiansyah, Irfan, Rizmoon Nurul Zulkarnaen, Muhammad Rifqi Hariri, Prima Wahyu Kusuma Hutabarat, and Fitri Fatma Wardani. "Tree Health Monitoring of Risky Trees in the Hotel Open Space: A Case Study in Rancamaya, Bogor." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 10, no. 2 (March 14, 2022): 180–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl.v10i2.570.

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Tree health monitoring of risky trees is necessary, especially in areas with a high level of accessibility, such as in hotels and tourist areas. The increased accessibility of hotel visitors and the green space require increased awareness of the risk of falling trees. This research aimed to estimate the amount of internal decay and damage of living trees, with special attention to the large tree in the open space of R Hotel Rancamaya. Tree health monitoring was carried out using two approaches, namely visual observation Sonic Tomography method. The visual parameters were observed following the standard method of the International Society of Arboriculture. A total of 8 trees consists of four types of plants such as Melia azedarach, Durio zibethinus, Falcataria falcata, and Ficus subcordata. The eight trees visually showed no significant damage to their organs. The results of internal trunk inspection by PiCUS-3 Sonic Tomograph also showed a similar result with decay or weathering ranges ranging from 1-3% in healthy trees, except for the stem base of tree 7 (M. azedarach) with weathering of 18%. Handling that needs to be done on six trees at the green area hotel is through light pruning and installing warning signs so that visitors and staff are careful in the tree area. Substantial pruning is recommended specifically for tree 7 because there is significant weathering, and it could be dangerous if the tree is not appropriately handled. The assessment showed that mitigation, warning signs, and physical handling are essential to prevent any unpredicted fallen trees, especially for tree 3 (D. zibethinus) and tree 7 (M. azedarach). Keywords: hotel open space, risky trees, Sonic Tomography, tree health monitoring, visual observation
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Klobucar, Blaz, Johan Östberg, Märit Jansson, and Thomas Barfoed Randrup. "Long-Term Validation and Governance Role in Contemporary Urban Tree Monitoring: A Review." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 11, 2020): 5589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145589.

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Urban trees provide important ecosystem services, across ownership and governance structures, and tree inventories are an important tool enabling urban foresters and green space managers to monitor and perform the sustainable management of urban trees. For optimal management of urban trees, a better understanding is needed concerning how urban tree inventories can provide long-term monitoring overviews across administrative borders, and how inventory protocols should be adapted to address specific practitioner issues. In this review, 98 articles on urban tree inventories were examined, the primary focus being sampling design. A governance arrangement approach was applied to identify the policy-making arrangements behind the inventories. Stratification is commonly used in the sampling design, despite being problematic for long-term representativeness. Only 10% of the stratification sampling designs identified were considered as having long-term validity. The studies frequently relied on an individual sampling design aimed at a particular issue, as opposed to using an existing longitudinal sampling network. Although private trees can constitute over 50% of the urban tree population, 41% of the studies reviewed did not include private trees at all. Urban tree inventories focused primarily on tree data on a local scale. Users or private tree owners are commonly not included in these studies, and limited attention is paid to economic, cultural or social factors. A long-term validation of sampling methods in urban areas, and a multi-lateral approach to tree inventories, are needed to maintain long-term operational value for local managers in securing ecosystem service provisions for entire urban forests.
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Buckelew Cumming, Anne, Michael Galvin, Robert Rabaglia, Jonathan Cumming, and Daniel Twardus. "Forest Health Monitoring Protocol Applied to Roadside Trees in Maryland." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 27, no. 3 (May 1, 2001): 126–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2001.015.

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The Maryland Roadside Tree Law places trees in all public road rights-of-way in the State of Maryland, U.S., under the jurisdiction of the Maryland Department of Natural Resources-Forest Service. Passed in 1914, this law is one of the oldest tree conservation laws in the United States. However, little statistical data have ever been generated related to Maryland's roadside trees. This paper provides a methodology for assessing the condition of roadside trees by combining GIS tools, rights-of-way definitions, and components of a national forest health monitoring program. The assessment of roadside trees was carried out in six of Maryland's most urbanized jurisdictions. Results indicate that 14% of Maryland's roadsides are tree lined and that the trees are in good health based on crown and damage indicators collected. Shannon-Weaver index and importance values were calculated to describe species diversity. Views on the efficacy of the law in protecting roadside trees in light of the findings, and the findings themselves, are discussed.
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Wang, J., and R. Lindenbergh. "VALIDATING A WORKFLOW FOR TREE INVENTORY UPDATING WITH 3D POINT CLOUDS OBTAINED BY MOBILE LASER SCANNING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2 (May 30, 2018): 1163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-1163-2018.

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Urban trees are an important component of our environment and ecosystem. Trees are able to combat climate change, clean the air and cool the streets and city. Tree inventory and monitoring are of great interest for biomass estimation and change monitoring. Conventionally, parameters of trees are manually measured and documented in situ, which is not efficient regarding labour and costs. Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) has become a well-established surveying technique for the acquisition of geo-spatial information. Combined with automatic point cloud processing techniques, this in principle enables the efficient extraction of geometric tree parameters. In recent years, studies have investigated to what extend it is possible to perform tree inventories using laser scanning point clouds. Give the availability of a city of Delft Open data tree repository, we are now able to present, validate and extend a workflow to automatically obtain tree data from tree location until tree species. The results of a test over 47 trees show that the proposed methods in the workflow are able to individual urban trees. The tree species classification results based on the extracted tree parameters show that only one tree was wrongly classified using k-means clustering.
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Kepic, Anton, and Tristan Campbell. "Geophysical Monitoring Tree Root Zones." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2003, no. 2 (August 2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aseg2003ab084.

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Yamagata, H., K. Noda, J. J. Randall, H. Kamiya, and K. Oki. "Consecutive monitoring method for pecan orchards and discovery of a mysterious circle in a pecan orchard with UAV." Optical Review 28, no. 6 (November 1, 2021): 738–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10043-021-00696-y.

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AbstractIn this study, we established consecutive monitoring methods using UAV in pecan orchards of 64 ha each, in San Simon, Arizona, USA. Activity monitoring, tree height map creation and ground surface temperature analysis of trees by UAV with near infrared (NIR)/TIR camera were conducted for pecan orchards in San Simon, Arizona, USA. Using established continuous monitoring methods, the UAV images of a 3-year-old pecan orchard showed circular traces of alfalfa cultivation prior to installation of pivot irrigation that was previously not observed. Tree growth measurements was compared to the trees planted inside and outside of the circle. Growth and tree health activity was found to be better when the trees were outside of the circle.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tree monitoring"

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Lundblad, Andreas. "Inlined Reference Monitors : Certification,Concurrency and Tree Based Monitoring." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Teoretisk datalogi, TCS, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-118486.

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Reference monitor inlining is a technique for enforcing security policies by injecting security checks into the untrusted software in a style similar to aspect-oriented programming. The intention is that the injected code enforces compliance with the policy (security), without adding behavior (conservativity) or affecting existing policy compliant behavior (transparency). This thesis consists of four papers which covers a range of topics including formalization of monitor inlining correctness properties, certification of inlined monitors, limitations in multithreaded settings and extensions using data-flow monitoring. The first paper addresses the problem of having a potentially complex program rewriter as part of the trusted computing base. By means of proof-carrying code we show how the inliner can be replaced by a relatively simple proof-checker. This technique also enables the use of monitor inlining for quality assurance at development time, while minimizing the need for post-shipping code rewrites. The second paper focuses on the issues associated with monitor inlining in a concurrent setting. Specifically, it discusses the problem of maintaining transparency when introducing locks for synchronizing monitor state reads and updates. Due to Java's relaxed memory model, it turns out to be impossible for a monitor to be entirely transparent without sacrificing the security property. To accommodate for this, the paper proposes a set of new correctness properties shown to be realistic and realizable. The third paper also focuses on problems due to concurrency and identifies a class of race-free policies that precisely characterizes the set of inlineable policies. This is done by showing that inlining of a policy outside this class is either not secure or not transparent, and by exhibiting a concrete algorithm for inlining of policies inside the class which is secure, conservative, and transparent. The paper also discusses how certification in the style of proof-carrying code could be supported in multithreaded Java programs. The fourth paper formalizes a new type of data centric runtime monitoring which combines monitor inlining with taint tracking. As opposed to ordinary techniques which focus on monitoring linear flows of events, the approach presented here relies on tree shaped traces. The paper describes how the approach can be efficiently implemented and presents a denotational semantics for a simple ``while'' language illustrating how the theoretical foundations is to be used in a practical setting. Each paper is concluded by a practical evaluation of the theoretical results, based on a prototype implementation and case studies on real-world applications and policies.
Referensmonitorinvävning, eller monitorinvävning, är en teknik som används för att se till att en given säkerhetspolicy efterföljs under exekvering av potentiellt skadlig kod. Tekniken går ut på att bädda in en uppsättning säkerhetskontroller (en säkerhetsmonitor) i koden på ett sätt som kan jämföras med aspektorienterad programmering. Syftet med den invävda monitorn är att garantera att policyn efterföljs (säkerhet) utan att påverka ursprungsprogrammets beteende, såvida det följer policyn (transparans och konservativitet). Denna avhandling innefattar fyra artiklar som tillsammans täcker in en rad ämnen rörande monitorinvävning. Bland annat diskuteras formalisering av korrekthetsegenskaper hos invävda monitorer, certifiering av invävda monitorer, begränsningar i multitrådade program och utökningar för hantering av dataflödesmonitorering. Den första artikeln behandlar problemen associerade med att ha en potentiellt komplex programmodifierare som del i den säkerhetskritiska komponenten av ett datorsystem. Genom så kallad bevisbärande kod visar vi hur en monitorinvävare kan ersättas av en relativt enkel beviskontrollerare. Denna teknik möjliggör även användandet av monitorinvävning som hjälpmedel för programutvecklare och eliminerar behovet av programmodifikationer efter att programmet distribuerats. Den andra artikeln fokuserar på problemen kring invävning av monitorer i multitrådade program. Artikeln diskuterar problemen kring att upprätthålla transparans trots införandet av lås för synkronisering av läsningar av och skrivningar till säkerhetstillståndet. På grund av Javas minnesmodell visar det sig dock omöjligt att bädda in en säkerhetsmonitor på ett säkert och transparent sätt. För att ackommodera för detta föreslås en ny uppsättning korrekthetsegenskaper som visas vara realistiska och realiserbara. Den tredje artikeln fokuserar även den på problemen kring flertrådad exekvering och karaktäriserar en egenskap för en policy som är tillräcklig och nödvändig för att både säkerhet och transparens ska uppnås. Detta görs genom att visa att en policy utan egenskapen inte kan upprätthållas på ett säkert och transparent sätt, och genom att beskriva en implementation av en monitorinvävare som är säker och transparent för en policy som har egenskapen. Artikeln diskuterar också hur certifiering av säkerhetsmonitorer i flertrådade program kan realiseras genom bevisbärande kod. Den fjärde artikeln beskriver en ny typ av datacentrisk säkerhetsmonitorering som kombinerar monitorinvävning med dataflödesanalys. Till skillnad mot existerande tekniker som fokuserar på linjära sekvenser av säkerhetskritiska händelser förlitar sig tekniken som presenteras här på trädformade händelsesekvenser. Artikeln beskriver hur tekniken kan implementeras på ett effektivt sätt med hjälp av abstraktion. Varje artikel avslutas med en praktisk evaluering av de teoretiska resultaten baserat på en prototypimplementation och fallstudier av verkliga program och säkerhetsegenskaper.

QC 20130220

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Papadopoulos, Yiannis. "Safety-directed system monitoring using safety cases." Thesis, University of York, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313851.

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Chiriboga, April Therese. "Longitudinal Variation in Wood Accumulation along the Stem of Populus Grandidentata; Implications for Forest Carbon Monitoring." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/578835.

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The world's forests sequester roughly a quarter of anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide and store it in wood. Assessing this carbon sink includes quantifying annual wood production, establishing baselines, and characterizing both long-term trends and inter-annual variability. Direct measures of forest wood production are often based on measures of individual tree growth along the stem, often taken at a single height: basal height (1.3 meters). This assumes that a measurement of wood production at a single height is representative of wood production along the whole stem. In violation of this assumption, it is known that trees do accumulate wood differentially along the stem, and that this longitudinal variability can change from year to year. Few efforts have been made to describe annual longitudinal variability, and quantify the error in estimated annual whole-stem wood production related to assuming that constant wood production along the stem. In the present study, I present a stem analysis of 30 Populus grandidentata to address this. Dendrochronological techniques are used to develop three chronologies: a traditional tree-ring width chronology from basal height, a novel chronology developed from tree rings grown in the crown of the trees, and a specific volume increment chronology calculated from measured annual volume increment data. A novel taper chronology is also presented. In Chapter 2, comparisons are made between the chronologies to explore differences in inter-annual variability, and the suitability for using tree-ring data from basal height as a proxy for annual wood production. Both basal and crown tree-ring width chronologies were strongly correlated with the volume chronology (r = 0.96 and 0.88, respectively), suggesting that the basal chronology is a superior proxy for stem volume. However, a chronology of taper along the stem indicates that the reliability of either chronology to represent specific volume increment (SVI) changes over time, resulting in different common signals, especially in the last decade of this dataset. If accurately capturing the relative year-to-year changes in stem wood volume is desired, stem dissection and development of an SVI chronology is required. In Chapter 3, two models that use tree-ring data to estimate annual wood production are compared to volume measurements from the stem analysis. The two models are a site-specific allometric model of biomass, and a simplified conic model of volume. Additionally the conic model is decomposed into the three dimensions of growth along which variability exists (around the circumference, along the length of the stem, and height) to identify which dimension introduces the most error when no variability in that dimension is assumed. Relative error (RE) analysis and regression analysis show that stem analysis is superior in cases where few trees are used and accurate measures of wood increment are needed. At the population level, the allometric and conic models show different strengths. Allometric models are more accurate than the conic model (RE = -16% and -18%, respectively) and are better for carbon budgets, whereas the conic model was more precise than the allometric model (R² = 0.94 and 0.86, respectively; interquartile range = 24% and 41%, respectively) and maintains inter-annual variability, which is necessary in cross-validation efforts. Decomposition of the conic model supports previous findings that height is the second most important parameter, following diameter at breast height, in models of woody tissue growth. In Chapter 4, basal, crown and specific volume chronologies are compared to eddy covariance estimates of carbon dioxide flux between the forest and the atmosphere, including net ecosystem exchange, gross primary production and ecosystem respiration. At the University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS), crown-grown tree-ring widths from P. grandidentata individuals are good recorders of the inter-annual variability of net ecosystem production. Coupled with other environmental information from UMBS, these records implicate defoliating insects as a previously under-appreciated modifier of stand level respiration and gross primary production. These histories of ring widths, volume and taper have unique potential to improve our understanding of how carbon is stored in and flows through forests within the terrestrial biosphere. In the face of global change, forests will experience new stressors, and changes in frequency of known stressors, that reduce the ability of trees to store carbon in woody tissues. A diversity of tree-ring-based chronologies can describe the sensitivity of carbon stores to these stressors, improving predictions of how forests respond to environmental changes.
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Bellis, David John. "Monitoring airborne trace elements in past and present environments with tree bark." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322982.

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Shah, Rahul. "A methodology for session monitoring on broadband bus/tree local area networks." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90959.

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Network management and control of large broadband local area networks, where the number of nodes ranges from several hundred to a few thousand, is a very important concern for today's network manager. This primarily involves tuning the network to ensure load balance over the broadband subchannels, and the capability to monitor specific nodes for accounting, performance and security purposes. This thesis presents the design considerations for a session level passive hardware monitor on a broadband local area network having a bus/tree topology. A methodology for session monitoring is presented based on the issues discussed. The session service provided is packet switched with point to point virtual circuit connection. Current technology and economics dictate the use of broadband transmission media for large local area networks spread out over a radius of around ten kilometers. This medium provides adequate throughput for a large number of devices by supporting frequency division multiplexing and a multiple access medium access control protocol. The design considerations include both hardware and software aspects and are justified based on the characteristics of the transmission medium and communication protocol architecture used in this study. The local area network used for the development of this project is a sixteen hundred node campus network at Virginia Tech (™LocalNet 20) supplied by SYTEK, Inc.
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Gerdes, Mike. "Predictive Health Monitoring for Aircraft Systems using Decision Trees." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fluida och mekatroniska system, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-105843.

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Unscheduled aircraft maintenance causes a lot problems and costs for aircraft operators. This is due to the fact that aircraft cause significant costs if flights have to be delayed or canceled and because spares are not always available at any place and sometimes have to be shipped across the world. Reducing the number of unscheduled maintenance is thus a great costs factor for aircraft operators. This thesis describes three methods for aircraft health monitoring and prediction; one method for system monitoring, one method for forecasting of time series and one method that combines the two other methods for one complete monitoring and prediction process. Together the three methods allow the forecasting of possible failures. The two base methods use decision trees for decision making in the processes and genetic optimization to improve the performance of the decision trees and to reduce the need for human interaction. Decision trees have the advantage that the generated code can be fast and easily processed, they can be altered by human experts without much work and they are readable by humans. The human readability and modification of the results is especially important to include special knowledge and to remove errors, which the automated code generation produced.
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Jones, Glenda Marie. "Imaging and monitoring tree-included subsidence in expansive clays using electrical resistivity imaging." Thesis, Keele University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.518309.

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Aliotta, Marco Antonio. "Data mining techniques on volcano monitoring." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1364.

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The aim of this thesis is the study of data mining process able to discover implicit information from huge amount of data. In particular, indexing of datasets is studied to speed the efficiency of search algorithm. All of the presented techniques are applied in geophysical research field where the huge amount of data hide implicit information related to volcanic processes and their evolution over time. Data mining techniques, reported in details in the next chapters, are implemented with the aim of recurrent patterns analysis from heterogeneous data. This thesis is organized as follows. Chapter 1 introduces the problem of searching in a metric space, showing the key applications (from text retrieval to computational biology and so on) and the basic concepts (e.g. metric distance function). The current solutions, together with a model for standardization, are presented in Chapter 2. A novel indexing structure, the K-Pole Tree, that uses a dynamic number of pivots to partition a metric space, is presented in Chapter 3, after a taxonomy of the state-of-the-art indexing algorithm. Experimental effectiveness of K-Pole Tree is compared to other efficient algorithms in Chapter 4, where proximity queries results are showed. In Chapter 5 a basic review of pattern recognition techniques is reported. In particular, DBSCAN Algorithm and SVM (Support Vector Machines) are discussed. Finally, Chapter 6 shows some geophysical applications where data mining techniques are applied for volcano data analysis and surveillance purpose. In particular, an application for clustering infrasound signals and another to index an thermal image database are presented.
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Haghighi, Mona. "Rule-based Risk Monitoring Systems for Complex Datasets." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6248.

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In this dissertation we present rule-based machine learning methods for solving problems with high-dimensional or complex datasets. We are applying decision tree methods on blood-based biomarkers and neuropsychological tests to predict Alzheimer’s disease in its early stages. We are also using tree-based methods to identify disparity in dementia related biomarkers among three female ethnic groups. In another part of this research, we tried to use rule-based methods to identify homogeneous subgroups of subjects who share the same risk patterns out of a heterogeneous population. Finally, we applied a network-based method to reduce the dimensionality of a clinical dataset, while capturing the interaction among variables. The results show that the proposed methods are efficient and easy to use in comparison to the current machine learning methods.
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Zhou, Yifeng. "Data driven process monitoring based on neural networks and classification trees." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2740.

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Process monitoring in the chemical and other process industries has been of great practical importance. Early detection of faults is critical in avoiding product quality deterioration, equipment damage, and personal injury. The goal of this dissertation is to develop process monitoring schemes that can be applied to complex process systems. Neural networks have been a popular tool for modeling and pattern classification for monitoring of process systems. However, due to the prohibitive computational cost caused by high dimensionality and frequently changing operating conditions in batch processes, their applications have been difficult. The first part of this work tackles this problem by employing a polynomial-based data preprocessing step that greatly reduces the dimensionality of the neural network process model. The process measurements and manipulated variables go through a polynomial regression step and the polynomial coefficients, which are usually of far lower dimensionality than the original data, are used to build a neural network model to produce residuals for fault classification. Case studies show a significant reduction in neural model construction time and sometimes better classification results as well. The second part of this research investigates classification trees as a promising approach to fault detection and classification. It is found that the underlying principles of classification trees often result in complicated trees even for rather simple problems, and construction time can excessive for high dimensional problems. Fisher Discriminant Analysis (FDA), which features an optimal linear discrimination between different faults and projects original data on to perpendicular scores, is used as a dimensionality reduction tool. Classification trees use the scores to separate observations into different fault classes. A procedure identifies the order of FDA scores that results in a minimum tree cost as the optimal order. Comparisons to other popular multivariate statistical analysis based methods indicate that the new scheme exhibits better performance on a benchmarking problem.
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Books on the topic "Tree monitoring"

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United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. The Sentinel tree survey program: Standing guard. Washington, DC]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 2003.

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Geological Survey (U.S.), ed. Tree and shrub community monitoring protocol for Channel Islands National Park, California. Sacramento, Calif: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2000.

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Lockman, Blakey. Monitoring ponderosa pine decline and mortality on the Flathead Indian Reservation: Establishment report and 5-year results. Missoula, MT: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Region, 2001.

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Acharya, Bijnan. Forest biodiversity assessment: A spatial analysis of tree species diversity in Nepal. Enschede, Netherlands: International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences, 1999.

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United States. Forest Service. Southern Research Station., ed. New methods, algorithms, and software for rapid mapping of tree positions in coordinate forest plots. Ashville, NC: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2000.

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Wulder, Michael A. Information need driven applications of remotely sensed data for mapping mountain pine beetle infestation at landscape and tree levels. Victoria, B.C: Pacific Forestry Centre, 2007.

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Centre, Pacific Forestry, ed. Information need driven applications of remotely sensed data for mapping of mountain pine beetle infestation at landscape and tree levels. Victoria, B.C: Pacific Forestry Centre, 2007.

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Teasdale, Gregg N. City of Cottonwood wastewater treatment hybrid poplar plantation land application system (agroforest wetlands): Project characterization, evaluation of water quality impacts, and initial site monitoring. Pullman, WA: State of Washington Water Research Center, 1998.

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Amy, Hessl, and Pacific Northwest Research Station (Portland, Or.), eds. Ecophysiological parameters for Pacific Northwest trees. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2004.

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Cisneros, Luis Jaime, Felipe E. Mac Gregor, and Alfonso de los Heros. Cinco anos, tres discursos. San Isidro, Lima, Perú: Asociación Civil Transparencia, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tree monitoring"

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Aldrich, Chris, and Lidia Auret. "Tree-Based Methods." In Unsupervised Process Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis with Machine Learning Methods, 183–220. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5185-2_5.

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Otsuka, Kuniaki, Germaine Cornelissen, and Franz Halberg. "Chronomics of Tree Rings Gauge Climate Change." In Chronomics and Continuous Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring, 261–69. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54631-3_7.

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Ayed, Lazher, and Zahreddine Hafsi. "Numerical Analysis of Transient Flow in a Hydraulic Tree Network: Zarroug Aqueduct Network in Gafsa, Southern Tunisia." In Applied Condition Monitoring, 261–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76517-0_29.

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Ramakrishna Sajja, V., P. Jhansi Lakshmi, D. S. Bhupal Naik, and Hemantha Kumar Kalluri. "Student Performance Monitoring System Using Decision Tree Classifier." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 393–407. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9516-5_33.

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Hamzah, Helmi. "Tree Vandalism in Malaysia: Criteria for Urban Forest Monitoring." In Urban Forestry and Arboriculture in Malaysia, 169–78. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5418-4_9.

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Andrews, J. D., and A. R. Khan. "Comparison of the digraph and FAULTFINDER methods of fault tree synthesis for nested control systems." In Condition Monitoring and Diagnostic Engineering Management, 225–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0431-6_35.

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Portet, François, René Quiniou, Marie-Odile Cordier, and Guy Carrault. "Learning Decision Tree for Selecting QRS Detectors for Cardiac Monitoring." In Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, 170–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73599-1_21.

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Kubera, Elżbieta, Agnieszka Kubik-Komar, Alicja Wieczorkowska, Krystyna Piotrowska-Weryszko, Paweł Kurasiński, and Agata Konarska. "Towards Automation of Pollen Monitoring: Image-Based Tree Pollen Recognition." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 219–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16564-1_21.

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Karabadji, Nour El Islem, Ilyes Khelf, Hassina Seridi, and Lakhdar Laouar. "Genetic Optimization of Decision Tree Choice for Fault Diagnosis in an Industrial Ventilator." In Condition Monitoring of Machinery in Non-Stationary Operations, 277–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28768-8_29.

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Tognetti, Roberto, Riccardo Valentini, Luca Belelli Marchesini, Damiano Gianelle, Pietro Panzacchi, and John D. Marshall. "Continuous Monitoring of Tree Responses to Climate Change for Smart Forestry: A Cybernetic Web of Trees." In Climate-Smart Forestry in Mountain Regions, 361–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80767-2_10.

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AbstractTrees are long-lived organisms that contribute to forest development over centuries and beyond. However, trees are vulnerable to increasing natural and anthropic disturbances. Spatially distributed, continuous data are required to predict mortality risk and impact on the fate of forest ecosystems. In order to enable monitoring over sensitive and often remote forest areas that cannot be patrolled regularly, early warning tools/platforms of mortality risk need to be established across regions. Although remote sensing tools are good at detecting change once it has occurred, early warning tools require ecophysiological information that is more easily collected from single trees on the ground.Here, we discuss the requirements for developing and implementing such a tree-based platform to collect and transmit ecophysiological forest observations and environmental measurements from representative forest sites, where the goals are to identify and to monitor ecological tipping points for rapid forest decline. Long-term monitoring of forest research plots will contribute to better understanding of disturbance and the conditions that precede it. International networks of these sites will provide a regional view of susceptibility and impacts and would play an important role in ground-truthing remotely sensed data.
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Conference papers on the topic "Tree monitoring"

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Taynik, A., V. Barinov, and V. Myglan. "SEARCH, PROTECTION AND MONITORING OF THE OLDEST TREES IN SOUTH." In Reproduction, monitoring and protection of natural, natural-anthropogenic and anthropogenic landscapes. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/rmpnnaal2021_54-58.

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The article presents the results of 20 years of research work of the "Siberian dendrochronological laboratory". The studies allowed us to collect information about old-age trees for the territory of South Siberia. As a result, two Siberian larch trees of maximum age (779 years - the tree currently growing, 1307 years - a dead tree) were found on the territory of South Siberia.
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Zhu, Xi, Yalin Wang, Wenpeng Li, Yingrong Zhao, Jiandong Wu, Yi Yin, and Qiaohua Wang. "Electrical Tree Growth in Polyethylene during the DC Voltage Rise and the Influence of the Tree Defect Size." In 2018 Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis (CMD). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cmd.2018.8535820.

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Yifan Huang, Jun Huang, and Xin Li. "A heuristic for monitoring tree design." In 2012 International Conference on Measurement, Information and Control (MIC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mic.2012.6273466.

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Madhusudan, Phalgun, and Jayanth Bhargav. "Novel ASICs for tree-health monitoring." In 2017 International Conference on Inventive Computing and Informatics (ICICI). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icici.2017.8365211.

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Wang, Hao, Yang Wei, Hongxu Zhu, Yucheng Liu, Chung Kit Wu, and Kim Fung Tsang. "NB-IoT based Tree Health Monitoring System." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icit.2019.8755153.

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Butnor, John. "Monitoring Tree Roots over Time with GPR." In Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2011. Environment and Engineering Geophysical Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4133/1.3614293.

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Rajeesh, M., and A. Ranjith Ram. "Tree Monitoring System using Geotagging and Steganography." In 2021 International Conference on Communication, Control and Information Sciences (ICCISc). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccisc52257.2021.9485020.

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Pablo, Marzialetti, Laneve Giovanni, Giancarlo Santilli, Wenjiang Huang, and Diego Zappacosta. "Maxent Model Application For Tree Pests Monitoring." In IGARSS 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2019.8898056.

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Tian, Meng, B. X. Du, J. G. Su, Jin Li, L. W. Zhu, and Y. Yu. "Electrical Tree in Epoxy Resin under Combined DC-harmonic Voltage." In 2018 Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis (CMD). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cmd.2018.8535904.

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Nazar, N. S. M., N. S. Mansor, N. A. Muhamad, M. Kamarol, M. Mariatti, and A. I. Mohamed. "Electrical Tree Propagation in XLPE Containing Untreated and Treated Silica Nanofiller." In 2018 Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis (CMD). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cmd.2018.8535614.

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Reports on the topic "Tree monitoring"

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van Doorn, Natalie S., Lara A. Roman, E. Gregory McPherson, Bryant C. Scharenbroch, Jason G. Henning, Johan P. A. Ӧstberg, Lee S. Mueller, et al. Urban tree monitoring. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/psw-gtr-266.

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Roman, Lara A., Natalie S. van Doorn, E. Gregory McPherson, Bryant C. Scharenbroch, Jason G. Henning, Johan P. A. Ӧstberg, Lee S. Mueller, et al. Urban tree monitoring. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-gtr-194.

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Leis, Sherry. Vegetation community monitoring at Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial: 2011–2019. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284711.

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Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial celebrates the lives of the Lincoln family including the final resting place of Abraham’s mother, Nancy Hanks Lincoln. Lincoln’s childhood in Indiana was a formative time in the life our 16th president. When the Lincoln family arrived in Indiana, the property was covered in the oak-hickory forest type. They cleared land to create their homestead and farm. Later, designers of the memorial felt that it was important to restore woodlands to the site. The woodlands would help visitors visualize the challenges the Lincoln family faced in establishing and maintaining their homestead. Some stands of woodland may have remained, but significant restoration efforts included extensive tree planting. The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network began monitoring the woodland in 2011 with repeat visits every four years. These monitoring efforts provide a window into the composition and structure of the wood-lands. We measure both overstory trees and the ground flora within four permanently located plots. At these permanent plots, we record each species, foliar cover estimates of ground flora, diameter at breast height of midstory and overstory trees, and tree regeneration frequency (tree seedlings and saplings). The forest species composition was relatively consistent over the three monitoring events. Climatic conditions measured by the Palmer Drought Severity Index indicated mild to wet conditions over the monitoring record. Canopy closure continued to indicate a forest structure with a closed canopy. Large trees (>45 cm DBH) comprised the greatest amount of tree basal area. Sugar maple was observed to have the greatest basal area and density of the 23 tree species observed. The oaks characteristic of the early woodlands were present, but less dominant. Although one hickory species was present, it was in very low abundance. Of the 17 tree species recorded in the regeneration layer, three species were most abundant through time: sugar maple (Acer saccharum), red bud (Cercis canadensis), and ash (Fraxinus sp.). Ash recruitment seemed to increase over prior years and maple saplings transitioned to larger size classes. Ground flora diversity was similar through time, but alpha and gamma diversity were slightly greater in 2019. Percent cover by plant guild varied through time with native woody plants and forbs having the greatest abundance. Nonnative plants were also an important part of the ground flora composition. Common periwinkle (Vinca minor) and Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) continued to be the most abundant nonnative species, but these two species were less abundant in 2019 than 2011. Unvegetated ground cover was high (mean = 95%) and increased by 17% since 2011. Bare ground increased from less than 1% in 2011 to 9% in 2019, but other ground cover elements were similar to prior years. In 2019, we quantified observer error by double sampling two plots within three of the monitoring sites. We found total pseudoturnover to be about 29% (i.e., 29% of the species records differed between observers due to observer error). This 29% pseudoturnover rate was almost 50% greater than our goal of 20% pseudoturnover. The majority of the error was attributed to observers overlooking species. Plot frame relocation error likely contributed as well but we were unable to separate it from overlooking error with our design.
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Shelley, John, Nathan Chrisman, and Christopher Haring. Baseline data for a cedar tree revetment monitoring site near Wichita, Kansas. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44763.

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This US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) National Regional Sediment Management technical note (RSM-TN) documents baseline data collected at a cedar tree revetment installation on a small creek near Wichita, KS. These data can be used in subsequent years to add to the understanding of the longevity, effectiveness, and failure modes of cedar tree revetments as bank stabilization.
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Phuong, Vu Tan, Nguyen Van Truong, and Do Trong Hoan. Commune-level institutional arrangements and monitoring framework for integrated tree-based landscape management. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21024.pdf.

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Governance is a difficult task in the context of achieving landscape multifunctionality owing to the multiplicity of stakeholders, institutions, scale and ecosystem services: the ‘many-multiple’ (Cockburn et al 2018). Governing and managing the physical landscape and the actors in the landscape requires intensive knowledge and good planning systems. Land-use planning is a powerful instrument in landscape governance because it directly guides how actors will intervene in the physical landscape (land use) to gain commonly desired value. It is essential for sustaining rural landscapes and improving the livelihoods of rural communities (Bourgoin and Castella 2011, Bourgoin et al 2012, Rydin 1998), ensuring landscape multifunctionality (Nelson et al 2009, Reyers et al 2012) and enhancing efficiency in carbon sequestration, in particular (Bourgoin et al 2013, Cathcart et al 2007). It is also considered critical to the successful implementation of land-based climate mitigation, such as under Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), because the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) sector is included in the mitigation contributions of nearly 90 percent of countries in Sub-Saharan and Southern Asia countries and in the Latin American and Caribbean regions (FAO 2016). Viet Nam has been implementing its NDC, which includes forestry and land-based mitigation options under the LULUCF sector. The contribution of the sector to committed national emission reduction is significant and cost-effective compared with other sectors. In addition to achieving emission reduction targets, implementation of forestry and land-based mitigation options has the highest benefits for social-economic development and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (MONRE 2020). Challenges, however, lie in the way national priorities and targets are translated into sub-national delivery plans and the way sub-national actors are brought together in orchestration (Hsu et al 2019) in a context where the legal framework for climate-change mitigation is elaborated at national rather than sub-national levels and coordination between government bodies and among stakeholders is generally ineffective (UNDP 2018). In many developing countries, conventional ‘top–down’, centralized land-use planning approaches have been widely practised, with very little success, a result of a lack of flexibility in adapting local peculiarities (Amler et al 1999, Ducourtieux et al 2005, Kauzeni et al 1993). In forest–agriculture mosaic landscapes, the fundamental question is how land-use planning can best conserve forest and agricultural land, both as sources of economic income and environmental services (O’Farrell and Anderson 2010). This paper provides guidance on monitoring integrated tree-based landscape management at commune level, based on the current legal framework related to natural resource management (land and forest) and the requirements of national green-growth development and assessment of land uses in two communes in Dien Bien and Son La provinces. The concept of integrated tree based landscape management in Viet Nam is still new and should be further developed for wider application across levels.
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Boyle, M., and Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Fort Matanzas National Monument: 2019 data summary. National Park Service, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2293409.

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The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and it is currently conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. 2019 marks the first year of conducting this monitoring effort at four SECN parks, including Fort Matanzas National Monument (FOMA). Nine vegetation plots, located on Anastasia and Rattlesnake Islands, were established at Fort Matanzas National Monument in June. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Fort Matanzas National Monument in 2019. Data were stratified across two dominant broadly defined habitats within the park (Maritime Upland Forests/Shrublands and Maritime Open Uplands). Noteworthy findings include: Eighty-two vascular plant taxa (species or lower) were observed across nine vegetation plots, including eight species not previously documented within the park. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands: saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), yaupon (Ilex vomitoria), southern/eastern red cedar (Juniperus silicicola + virginiana), American beautyberry (Callicarpa americana), and American burnweed (Erectites hieraciifolius). Maritime Open Uplands: sea oats (Uniola paniculata), earleaf greenbriar (Smilax auriculata), and dixie sandmat (Euphorbia bombensis). ne non-native species, Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolia), categorized as invasive by the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council (FLEPPC 2019) was encountered in one Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plot during this monitoring effort. There were not any rare plants tracked by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS 2020) found during this monitoring effort. All plants located in these monitoring plots are fairly common throughout Florida, as well as across the Southeast Coast. Three species observed, however, are on the FDACS 2020 list of commercially exploited plants within the state. These include saw palmetto, cinnamon fern (Osmundastrum cinnamomeum), and coontie (Zamia integrifolia var. umbrosa). Southern/eastern red cedar and cabbage palmetto (Sabal palmetto) were the most dominant species within the tree stratum of the Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat type. Species that dominated the sapling and seedling strata of this type included yaupon and cabbage palmetto. More than 75% of the trees measured in the parks Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat type were alive and experiencing healthy vigor. Of the 22 trees that were dead, more than 50% of those were southern/eastern red cedar. Most of those individuals that were observed with moderate or severe decline and greater than 50% dieback were southern/eastern red cedars. Although red bay (Persea borbonia) was identified as one of the “principal understory tree” species within Fort Matanzas National Monument’s maritime forests in 2004 (Zomlefer et al. 2004), tree-sized individuals were rarely detected on plots during this monitoring effort. This may be in part due to the detection of laurel wilt disease within St. Johns County in 2006 (USDA 2021). Based on the low detection...
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Gee, Glendon W., Jennifer S. Carr, John O. Goreham, and Christopher E. Strickland. Water Monitoring Report for the 200 W Area Tree Windbreak, Hanford Site Richland, Washington. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15003643.

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Boyle, M., and Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Cumberland Island National Seashore: 2020 data summary. National Park Service, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294287.

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The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and it is currently conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. 2020 marks the first year of conducting this monitoring effort at Cumberland Island National Seashore (CUIS). Fifty-six vegetation plots were established throughout the park from May through July. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Cumberland Island National Seashore in 2020. Data were stratified across three dominant broadly defined habitats within the park, including Coastal Plain Upland Open Woodlands, Maritime Open Upland Grasslands, and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands. Noteworthy findings include: 213 vascular plant taxa (species or lower) were observed across 56 vegetation plots, including 12 species not previously documented within the park. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Coastal Plain Upland Open Woodlands: longleaf + pond pine (Pinus palustris; P. serotina), redbay (Persea borbonia), saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), wax-myrtle (Morella cerifera), deerberry (Vaccinium stamineum), variable panicgrass (Dichanthelium commutatum), and hemlock rosette grass (Dichanthelium portoricense). Maritime Open Upland Grasslands: wax-myrtle, saw greenbrier (Smilax auriculata), sea oats (Uniola paniculata), and other forbs and graminoids. Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands: live oak (Quercus virginiana), redbay, saw palmetto, muscadine (Muscadinia rotundifolia), and Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides) Two non-native species, Chinaberry (Melia azedarach) and bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), categorized as invasive by the Georgia Exotic Pest Plant Council (GA-EPPC 2018) were encountered in four different Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plots during this monitoring effort. Six vascular plant species listed as rare and tracked by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (GADNR 2022) were observed in these monitoring plots, including the state listed “Rare” Florida swampprivet (Forestiera segregata var. segregata) and sandywoods sedge (Carex dasycarpa) and the “Unusual” green fly orchid (Epidendrum conopseum). Longleaf and pond pine were the most dominant species within the tree stratum of Coastal Plain Upland Open Woodland habitat types; live oak was the most dominant species of Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland types. Saw palmetto and rusty staggerbush (Lyonia ferruginea) dominated the sapling stratum within Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat types. Of the 20 tree-sized redbay trees measured during this monitoring effort only three were living and these were observed with severely declining vigor, indicating the prevalence and recent historical impact of laurel wilt disease (LWD) across the island’s maritime forest ecosystems. There was an unexpectedly low abundance of sweet grass (Muhlenbergia sericea) and saltmeadow cordgrass (Spartina patens) within interdune swale plots of Maritime Open Upland habitats on the island, which could be a result of grazing activity by feral horses. Live oak is the dominant tree-sized species across...
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Short, Mary, and Sherry Leis. Vegetation monitoring in the Manley Woods unit at Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield: 1998–2020. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293615.

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Natural resource management at Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield (NB) is guided by our understanding of the woodlands and prairies at the time of the Civil War battle in 1861. This report is focused on the Manley Woods unit of the park. This unit is an oak-hickory woodland in the Springfield Plain subsection of the Ozarks. Canopy closure for Missouri oak woodlands can be highly variable and ranges from 30–100% across the spectrum of savanna, open woodland, and closed woodland types. In 1861, the woodland was likely a savanna community. Changes in land use (e.g., fire exclusion) caused an increase in tree density in woodlands at Wilson’s Creek NB and across the Ozarks. Savannas and open woodlands transitioned to closed canopy woodlands over time. Park management plans include restoring the area to a savanna/open woodland structure. Prescribed fire was reintroduced to Wilson’s Creek NB in 1988 and continues as the primary mechanism for reducing the tree canopy. The Manley Woods unit of Wilson’s Creek NB has been subject to intense natural and anthropogenic disturbance events such as a tornado in 2003, timber removal in 2005, prescribed fires in 2006, 2009, and 2019, an ice storm in 2007, and periodic drought. The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (hereafter, Heartland Network) installed four permanent monitoring sites within the Manley Woods area of the park in 1997. Initially, we assessed ground flora and regeneration within the sites (1998–1999). We added fuel sampling after the 2003 tornado. Although overstory sampling occurred prior to the tornado, the protocol was not yet stabilized and pre-2003 overstory data were not included in these analyses. In this report, we focus on the overstory, tree regeneration, and ground cover metrics; ground flora data will be assessed in future analyses. Heartland Network monitoring data reveal that Manley Woods has undergone substantial change in canopy cover and midstory trees since 1998. While basal area and density metrics classify Manley Woods as an open woodland, the closed canopy of the midstory and overstory reveal a plant community that is moving toward closed woodland or forest structure. The most recent fire in 2019 was patchy and mild, resulting in continued increases in fuels. Ground cover metrics indicate infrequent disturbance since leaf litter continued to increase. Management objectives to restore savanna or woodland composition and structure to the Manley Woods overstory, regeneration layer, and ground cover will require implementation of prescribed fire in the future. Repeated fires can thin midstory trees and limit less fire tolerant early seral species. Additionally, mechanical or chemical treatments to reduce undesirable tree species should be considered for woodland restoration. Decreasing canopy closure is an important and essential step toward the restoration of a functioning savanna/open woodland plant community in Manley Woods. Treatments that thin the midstory and reduce fuel loading will also benefit these plant communities. With the anticipated changing climate, maintaining an open woodland community type may also provide resilience through management for native species tolerant of increasingly warmer temperatures.
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10

Boyle, Maxwell, and Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Cape Hatteras National Seashore: 2019 data summary. National Park Service, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2290019.

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The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and monitoring is currently conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. The first year of conducting this monitoring effort at four SECN parks, including 52 plots on Cape Hatteras National Seashore (CAHA), was 2019. Twelve vegetation plots were established at Cape Hatteras NS in July and August. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Cape Hatteras National Seashore in 2019. Data were stratified across four dominant broadly defined habitats within the park (Maritime Tidal Wetlands, Maritime Nontidal Wetlands, Maritime Open Uplands, and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands) and four land parcels (Bodie Island, Buxton, Hatteras Island, and Ocracoke Island). Noteworthy findings include: A total of 265 vascular plant taxa (species or lower) were observed across 52 vegetation plots, including 13 species not previously documented within the park. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Maritime Tidal Wetlands: saltmeadow cordgrass Spartina patens), swallow-wort (Pattalias palustre), and marsh fimbry (Fimbristylis castanea) Maritime Nontidal Wetlands: common wax-myrtle (Morella cerifera), saltmeadow cordgrass, eastern poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans), and saw greenbriar (Smilax bona-nox) Maritime Open Uplands: sea oats (Uniola paniculata), dune camphorweed (Heterotheca subaxillaris), and seabeach evening-primrose (Oenothera humifusa) Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands: : loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), southern/eastern red cedar (Juniperus silicicola + virginiana), common wax-myrtle, and live oak (Quercus virginiana). Five invasive species identified as either a Severe Threat (Rank 1) or Significant Threat (Rank 2) to native plants by the North Carolina Native Plant Society (Buchanan 2010) were found during this monitoring effort. These species (and their overall frequency of occurrence within all plots) included: alligatorweed (Alternanthera philoxeroides; 2%), Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica; 10%), Japanese stilt-grass (Microstegium vimineum; 2%), European common reed (Phragmites australis; 8%), and common chickweed (Stellaria media; 2%). Eighteen rare species tracked by the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (Robinson 2018) were found during this monitoring effort, including two species—cypress panicgrass (Dichanthelium caerulescens) and Gulf Coast spikerush (Eleocharis cellulosa)—listed as State Endangered by the Plant Conservation Program of the North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (NCPCP 2010). Southern/eastern red cedar was a dominant species within the tree stratum of both Maritime Nontidal Wetland and Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat types. Other dominant tree species within CAHA forests included loblolly pine, live oak, and Darlington oak (Quercus hemisphaerica). One hundred percent of the live swamp bay (Persea palustris) trees measured in these plots were experiencing declining vigor and observed with symptoms like those caused by laurel wilt......less
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