Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tree crops

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Tree crops'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Tree crops"

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Sudmeyer, R., and F. Flugge. "The economics of managing tree - crop competition in windbreak and alley systems." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 11 (2005): 1403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04155.

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Re-introducing trees and shrubs into agricultural landscapes as agroforestry systems establishes a tension between long-term objectives, such as increasing shelter, water use, nature conservation and harvesting tree products, and the short-term objective of maximising crop and pasture profitability. This paper describes the growth of crops, pastures and trees at the tree–crop interface in agroforestry systems and the economic returns from alley farming and windbreak systems using various tree–crop competition management strategies in the Esperance region of Western Australia. Severing lateral tree roots (root-pruning), harvesting mallees and allowing them to coppice, or thinning trees for sawlog regimes increased the yield of crops and pastures in the competition zone. In some instances, these increases were significant: root-pruning increased the annual return from crops grown in the competition zone of Pinus radiata by up to $548/km of the tree line at 1 site. Conversely, root-pruning reduced tree growth by 14–43% across all sites. Therefore, where trees provide benefits, such as shelter from damaging winds, the benefits of reduced tree–crop competition may not offset the consequent reduction in rate of tree growth. For mallee–crop alley systems on agriculturally productive soils, mallee growth rates must be high enough to compensate for crop losses in the competition zone. On less agriculturally productive soils, block-planting mallees may be more profitable than alley systems or crops without competition (sole-crops). This research has shown that competition management strategies can be used to manipulate the relative productivity of trees, crops and pasture at the tree–agriculture interface. The use of these strategies will depend on the relative economic value of tree and crop products and the value placed on other tree benefits, such as shelter and reduced groundwater recharge.
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Castellano-Hinojosa, Antonio, and Sarah L. Strauss. "Impact of Cover Crops on the Soil Microbiome of Tree Crops." Microorganisms 8, no. 3 (February 26, 2020): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8030328.

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Increased concerns associated with interactions between herbicides, inorganic fertilizers, soil nutrient availability, and plant phytotoxicity in perennial tree crop production systems have renewed interest in the use of cover crops in the inter-row middles or between trees as an alternative sustainable management strategy for these systems. Although interactions between the soil microbiome and cover crops have been examined for annual cropping systems, there are critical differences in management and growth in perennial cropping systems that can influence the soil microbiome and, therefore, the response to cover crops. Here, we discuss the importance of cover crops in tree cropping systems using multispecies cover crop mixtures and minimum tillage and no-tillage to not only enhance the soil microbiome but also carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling compared to monocropping, conventional tillage, and inorganic fertilization. We also identify potentially important taxa and research gaps that need to be addressed to facilitate assessments of the relationships between cover crops, soil microbes, and the health of tree crops. Additional evaluations of the interactions between the soil microbiome, cover crops, nutrient cycling, and tree performance will allow for more effective and sustainable management of perennial cropping systems.
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Ng'elenge, Haji, and Philip Damas. "Determinants of land allocation decision to food crops - tree production in Mufindi." World Journal of Environmental Research 13, no. 1 (May 31, 2023): 01–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/wjer.v13i1.8986.

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Understanding the determinants of land allocation decisions by farmers in food crops-tree production is vital for formulating land use plans and policies for the sustainability of the land resource. This study used 413 randomly selected households to investigate the factors that guide smallholder farmers' decisions in land allocation between food crops and trees. Results from the fractional multinomial logit model show that sex, household size, land size, awareness of land use policy, access to market information, and labor influenced land allocation decisions to tree farming more than food crops. All the results were statistically significant at P<0.05. The study recommends that the government sensitize women on the importance of tree farming; provide education about balancing between the production of food crops and trees, and create policy awareness and access to market information aimed at enhancing the production of food crops Keywords: Food crops; fractional multinomial logit; land allocation; tree farming
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Devendra, C. "Integrated Tree Crops–Ruminants Systems." Outlook on Agriculture 33, no. 3 (September 2004): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/0000000042530231.

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Zziklai, O. "Sexual reproduction of tree crops." Forest Ecology and Management 35, no. 3-4 (July 1990): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(90)90015-4.

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Isha Katariya, Lolita Pradhan, and Nisha Tripathi. "The Shading Effect of Poplar (Populus Deltoides) on Wheat Crop." Journal of Advanced Zoology 44, S6 (November 28, 2023): 476–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v44is6.2211.

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This study was conducted in different villages of the district Saharanpur. The poplar tree (Populus deltoides) is used as the tree component and wheat crops are used as intercrops in an agrisilvicultural system. In this study, the different effects of poplar (Populus deltoides) on wheat crops were discussed. The parameters which are recorded were grain yield and biological yield. In the district Saharanpur, there are two patterns of tree growing with crops, block plantation and boundary plantation. It was observed that the yield with block plantation is less than boundary plantation. It was also recorded that 95% of farmers are doing boundary plantation in the district Saharanpur. In shaded areas, grain and straw yields were also drastically lowered by poplar border plantations. All villages saw a significant decline in grain yield due to the shading effect of poplar trees. It is observed that in the villages of district Saharanpur most of the farmers are practicing agroforestry with poplar (Populus deltoides). There are multiple effects of shading on agricultural crops. For this study, those farmers were surveyed who are growing poplar trees with different crops. Trees and crops both were analyzed for the survey.
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Dupraz, Christian, Kevin Wolz, Isabelle Lecomte, Grégoire Talbot, Grégoire Vincent, Rachmat Mulia, François Bussière, et al. "Hi-sAFe: A 3D Agroforestry Model for Integrating Dynamic Tree–Crop Interactions." Sustainability 11, no. 8 (April 16, 2019): 2293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11082293.

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Agroforestry, the intentional integration of trees with crops and/or livestock, can lead to multiple economic and ecological benefits compared to trees and crops/livestock grown separately. Field experimentation has been the primary approach to understanding the tree–crop interactions inherent in agroforestry. However, the number of field experiments has been limited by slow tree maturation and difficulty in obtaining consistent funding. Models have the potential to overcome these hurdles and rapidly advance understanding of agroforestry systems. Hi-sAFe is a mechanistic, biophysical model designed to explore the interactions within agroforestry systems that mix trees with crops. The model couples the pre-existing STICS crop model to a new tree model that includes several plasticity mechanisms responsive to tree–tree and tree–crop competition for light, water, and nitrogen. Monoculture crop and tree systems can also be simulated, enabling calculation of the land equivalent ratio. The model’s 3D and spatially explicit form is key for accurately representing many competition and facilitation processes. Hi-sAFe is a novel tool for exploring agroforestry designs (e.g., tree spacing, crop type, tree row orientation), management strategies (e.g., thinning, branch pruning, root pruning, fertilization, irrigation), and responses to environmental variation (e.g., latitude, climate change, soil depth, soil structure and fertility, fluctuating water table). By improving our understanding of the complex interactions within agroforestry systems, Hi-sAFe can ultimately facilitate adoption of agroforestry as a sustainable land-use practice.
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Peralta, Alexandra, and Scott M. Swinton. "Food vs. Wood: Dynamic Choices for Kenyan Smallholders." Sustainable Agriculture Research 5, no. 1 (January 29, 2016): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v5n1p97.

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<p>Smallholder farmers in many areas of the semiarid tropics are planting exotic tree species that provide alternative income sources, fuel, and building materials. While providing other benefits, these trees often occupy land that could produce annual food crops. This study uses a polyperiod, linear programming model, to explore the opportunity cost of planting <em>Eucalyptus grandis</em> and <em>Grevillea robusta</em> trees compared to crops in the Nyando watershed of western Kenya. Results of the ten-year period wealth maximization model suggest that a representative farmer’s decisions on farm resource allocation are sensitive to changes in the relative prices of short rotation tree products and annual crops. The model also suggests that there are economic tradeoffs between planting trees and crops, as well as between planting different tree species. Timber production is not likely to replace food crops for two main reasons: (1) the high cost of meeting household subsistence requirements from marketed grains, (2) household cash flow needs met by annual crops. Farmers plant eucalyptus for commercial purposes because they can obtain timber products within four years; however if the prices of these short rotation products go down, farmers will prefer to grow timber from high yield grevillea.</p>
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Kaur, Navneet, Baljit Singh, and R. I. Gill. "Intercropping of Medicinal and Spice crops under different Agroforestry tree species in Punjab." Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 19, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2012-93368l.

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Performance of five medicinal and spice crops viz. Fenugreek, Fennel, Celery and Dillseed was investigated as sole crops and as intercrops with block plantations of Poplar, Dek, Toon, Gmelina, Maharukh and Eucalypt spaced at 6 x 3.5 m at the age of two and three years during 2006-2007 and 2007-2008, respectively in the Research Farm of Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab. Eucalypt trees recorded the maximum height, whereas the mean gain in DBH was maximum in Maharukh. Crown spread was more of Dek than rest of the tree species after three years of tree growth. All the crops performed better as sole crops than intercrops. Increase in age of trees from two to three years resulted in significant decline in growth and yield contributing characters like plant height, number of primary branches, umbels and umbellets per plant in Fennel, Celery, Dillseed, and number of pods, seeds/pod and pod length of Fenugreek crop. The seed yield of Fenugreek and Fennel was higher under Gmelina, whereas Dillseed recorded highest yield under Poplar trees during both the years. The production of Celery was higher under Poplar and Toon at the age of two and three years, respectively. All the crops recorded the highest reduction in seed yield when grown with Eucalypt than other trees during 3rd year of tree growth. Celery gave the highest returns followed by Fennel and Dillseed in second year of tree growth, while Dillseed, Fenugreek and Fennel remained more remunerative in the subsequent year.
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Rogozin, Mikhail V. "Spatial analysis of competition and cooperation of trees in pine forest crops." Вестник Пермского университета. Серия «Биология»=Bulletin of Perm University. Biology, no. 4 (2021): 235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1994-9952-2021-4-235-248.

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In forest cultures of scots pine 1 in bonita at the age of 55 years with a standing density of 940-1620 pcs./ha with a fullness of 0.84-1.02 on an area of 1.9 ha, places with low and medium density (5 sample areas, 433 trees) were selected to study the influence of microcenoses on the diameters of trees in their center. To do this, in the "ArcMap-ArcView" program, food polygons for the age of 30-40 years and 41-55 years were built around the trees. Five indicators were used in the spatial analysis of the data: 1 - simple pressure of neighbors: the diameters of the neighbors on the polygon were summed up; 2 - specific pressure of neighbors: indicator 1 was divided by the feeding area of the central tree; 3 - pressure of neighbors taking into account the distances to the central tree: the diameter of the neighbor was divided by the distance to the central tree and the data were summed; 4 - specific pressure of neighbors taking into account the distances: indicator 3 was divided by the feeding area of the central tree; 5 - cooperation of trees on the sides of the polygon: the diameter of the neighbor was multiplied by the contact distance with the central tree on the side of the polygon and the data were summed. It was not possible to choose the best indicator, since all five were weaker than the influence of a simple power supply area. When using the feeding area at the age of 30-40 years, and then at 41-55 years, the specific pressure of neighbors varied in strength from 5.8 to 8.9%, averaging 7.4%, and when taking into account the distances to neighbors, this pressure increased to an average of 8.5%. At an average density, the strength of the trees ' cooperation was equal to 11.6%, and at a low density of 7.5%, averaging 9.6%. Thus, the cooperation of trees in the microcenosis was generally 1.13 times stronger than the competitive pressure of neighboring trees
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tree crops"

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Weber, Norbert, and Matthias Meyer. "Land availability for sustainable agricultural tree crops." Adjacent Digital Politics Ltd, 2021. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A73975.

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Prof Dr Norbert Weber from TU Dresden argues that land availability for sustainable agricultural tree crops and a positive perception of this by the official administration both remain challenging hurdles.
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Brown, Sarah K. "Managing symbiotically-fixed nitrogen on mined land for tree crops." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11102009-020308/.

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Kluthe, John D. "Ferns as a forest farming crop effects of light levels on growth and frond quality of selected speicies with potential in Missouri /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4587.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (February 8, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Hänninen, Kaarina. "Tree-cover crop interactions : birch growth, competition and soil properties /." Oulu : Oulun Yliopisto, 2002. http://herkules.oulu.fi/isbn9514267184.

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Langholtz, Matthew Harvey. "Economic and environmental analysis of tree crops on marginal lands in Florida." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0012141.

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BENNY, Jubina. "INVESTIGATION ON THE GENETIC BASIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS IN FRUIT TREE CROPS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/499738.

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Plant stress can be divided into two major categories: abiotic stress and biotic stress. Abiotic stress happens when plants are exposed to the environment either physically or chemically. There is an emergency in developing crop varieties that are tolerant to abiotic stresses to ensure food security and safety in the coming years. Multiple abiotic stress like drought, heat, frost at flowering and nutrient deficiency can cause an erratic fruiting behavior or following extreme events, the death of the plants. Plants require an optimal level of nutrients and essential minerals for their growth and development that are mainly acquired from soil by their roots. Nutrient deficiency is an environmental stress that can seriously affect fruit production and quality. In the past decades, agriculturalists relied only on the traditional methods to identify the stresses. In this postgenomic era, called the “omic” era, transcriptional and translational research on model plants has provided many valuable information on many horticultural species. In the present dissertation, the objective of the first study was to identify, and map key genes involved in drought response on leaves across different crops. The study is the first to provide RNA-Seq data analysis related to transcriptomic responses towards drought across different fruit tree crops. The second study was conducted to identify essential genes involved in general plant abiotic stress conditions and those involved in specific and unique in different abiotic stresses. A pipeline composed of pathway and gene set enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction networks, and gene visualization tools were employed. The next study aims to identify genes that serve as potential targets to develop cultivars with enhanced drought and salinity resistance and/or tolerance across different fruit tree crops in a biotechnological sustainable way. An “omic” experimental plan was developed to investigate and understand a physiological stress presumably due to nutritional deficiencies causing premature flower bud abscission in pistachio that leads to alternate bearing behavior. The aim of this analysis was to provide insights into the transcript changes between inflorescence buds and fruits in bearing and non-bearing shoots to identify the molecular mechanism causing premature inflorescence bud abscission, which is linked to alternate bearing in the Italian pistachio cultivar Bianca. Key molecular physiological conclusions were generated based on the identification of conserved gene sets, pathways, and gene networks involved in abiotic stress resistance/tolerance. The experiment provides a valid approach to ask additional questions with respect to how plants respond to stress. Identifying key information in transcriptomic data is very important, especially when the “omic” study deals with plant responses to stresses in field conditions where a high number of variables and disturbing factors may affect the analysis. The proper understanding of plant stress response mechanisms under specific stresses can draw a better view for improving worldwide food production.
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Westling, Fredrik Anders. "Pruning of Tree Crops through 3D Reconstruction and Light Simulation using Mobile LiDAR." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27427.

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Consistent sunlight access is critical when growing fruit crops, and therefore pruning is a vital operation for tree management as it can be used for controlling shading within and between trees. This thesis focuses on using Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) to understand and improve the light distribution of fruit trees. To enable commercial applications, the tools developed aim to provide insights on every individual tree at whole orchard scale. Since acquisition and labelling of 3D data is difficult at a large scale, a system is developed for simulating LiDAR scans of tree crops for development and validation of techniques using infinite, perfectly-labelled datasets. Furthermore, processing scans at a large scale require rapid and relatively low-cost solutions, but many existing methods for point cloud analysis require a priori information or expensive high quality LiDAR scans. New tools are presented for structural analysis of noisy mobile LiDAR scans using a novel graph-search approach which can operate on unstructured point clouds with significant overlap between trees. The light available to trees is important for predicting future growth and crop yields as well as making pruning decisions, but many measurement techniques cannot provide branch-level analysis, or are difficult to apply on a large scale. Using mobile LiDAR, which can easily capture large areas, a method is developed to estimate the light available throughout the canopy. A study is then performed to demonstrate the viability of this approach to replace traditional agronomic methods, enabling large-scale adoption. The main contribution of this thesis is a novel framework for suggesting pruning decisions to improve light availability of individual trees. A full-tree quality metric is proposed and branch-scale light information identifies underexposed areas of the tree to suggest branches whose removal will improve the light distribution. Simulated tree scans are then used to validate a technique for estimating matter removed from the point cloud given specific pruning decisions, and this is used to quantify the improvement of real tree scans. The findings of this iv ABSTRACT v thesis demonstrate the value and application of mobile LiDAR in tree crops, and the tools developed through this work promise usefulness in scientific and commercial contexts.
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BALAN, Bipin. "INVESTIGATION OF BIOTIC STRESS RESPONSES IN FRUIT TREE CROPS USING META-ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/400369.

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In recent years, RNA sequencing and analysis using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) methods have enabled to understand the gene expression pertaining to plant biotic and abiotic stress conditions in both quantitative and qualitative manner. The large number of transcriptomic works published in plants requires more meta-analysis studies that would identify common and specific features in relation of the high number of objective studies performed at different developmental and environmental conditions. Meta-analysis of transcriptomic data will identify commonalities and differences between differentially regulated gene lists and will allow screen which genes are key players in gene-gene and protein-protein interaction networks. These analyses will allow delivering important information on how a specific environmental factor affects plant molecular responses and how plants activate general stress responses to environmental stresses. The identification of common genes between different biotic stress will allow to gain insight into these general responses and help the diagnosis of an early “stress state” of the plants. These analyses help in monitoring stressed plants to start early specific management procedures for each disease or disorder. In this meta-analysis study, I considered all transcriptomic data related to biotic stresses in fruit tree crops, which are already published. The aim was to determine which genes, pathways, gene set categories and predicted protein-protein interaction networks may play key roles in specific responses to pathogen infections.
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Ford, Tracey Elaine. "Tennessee tree nursery : from nineteenth century Northern European desire for nature to American industry." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23947.

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Perulli, Giulio Demetrio <1990&gt. "Secondary treated wastewater as a valuable and safe source for drip irrigating tree crops." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8981/1/Tesi_Giulio%20Demetrio%20Perulli.pdf.

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Wastewater represents a support source for irrigation and mineral nutrients supply in agricultural systems, offering agronomical and environmental advantages. This work investigates the effect of STW (secondary treated wastewater) irrigation on apple and nectarine crops. Physiological, nutritional status and contaminants accumulation in vegetative and reproductive organs were assessed based on the different physiological traits of the two species. Trees were grown, for two consecutive seasons, in pots and drip irrigated with: Tap water (TW), Tap water plus an addition of mineral fertilizer (TW+MF) and Secondary treated wastewater (STW). Furthermore a laboratory trial was carried out to asses two E.coli strains internalization on young GF 677 micropropagated plants. Regarding the pots trial, apple and nectarine tree physiological, vegetative and fruit growth/quality parameters were in most of the cases promoted by STW, compared to TW trees, although TW+MF trees showed the highest values. This response is related to the different amount of nutrients supplied to the trees. Although STW provided a “fertigation-like” effect, results suggest that it did not completely fulfil tree nutrient demand. Treatments affected mainly leaf rather than fruit mineral concentration, with concentrations mostly in the optimal range for all treatments, except the TW, which showed nutritional deficiencies. STW irrigation improved nectarine fruit growth rate and influenced positively apple fruit quality parameters. Heavy metal concentration was unaffected by STW-irrigation with concentrations in fruit tissues within international limits imposed for human consumption in both species. No E.coli and few total coliforms were detected in the vegetative and reproductive tissue of both species. As for the laboratory trial, E.coli strains was able to enter roots but without any translocation in the areal part of the plant, not representing a hazard for human health. The overall results indicate STW as a convenient and safe source for drip irrigating tree crops.
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Books on the topic "Tree crops"

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Nair, Kodoth Prabhakaran. Tree Crops. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62140-7.

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Opeke, Lawrence K. Tropical tree crops. Jersey: Safari Books, 1987.

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Mohan, Jain S., and Priyadarshan P. M, eds. Breeding plantation tree crops. New York: Springer, 2009.

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Mohan, Jain S., Priyadarshan P. M, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Breeding plantation tree crops. New York: Springer, 2009.

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1933-, Thampan Palakasseril Kumaran, and Peekay Tree Crops Development Foundation., eds. Trees and tree farming. Cochin, Kerala, India: Peekay Tree Crops Development Foundation, 1994.

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Schnell, R. J., and P. M. Priyadarshan, eds. Genomics of Tree Crops. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0920-5.

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Schnell, R. J. Genomics of Tree Crops. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012.

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Choudhary, Dewasish. Fruit crops. Jaipur, India: Oxford Book Co., 2010.

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K, Ong C., Huxley P. A, C. A. B. International, and International Centre for Research in Agroforestry., eds. Tree-crop interactions: A physiological approach. Wallingford, Oxford, UK: CAB International in association with the International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, 1996.

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Dominique, Mariau, ed. Diseases of tropical tree crops. Enfield, NH: Science Publishers, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tree crops"

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Nair, Kodoth Prabhakaran. "Arecanut (Areca catechu L.)." In Tree Crops, 1–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62140-7_1.

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Nair, Kodoth Prabhakaran. "Wattle." In Tree Crops, 363–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62140-7_10.

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Nair, Kodoth Prabhakaran. "Technological Advancements in Coconut, Arecanut and Cocoa Research: A Century of Service to the Global Farming Community by the Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, Kerala State, India." In Tree Crops, 377–536. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62140-7_11.

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Nair, Kodoth Prabhakaran. "Cashew Nut (Anacardium occidentale L.)." In Tree Crops, 27–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62140-7_2.

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Nair, Kodoth Prabhakaran. "The Coconut Palm (Cocos nucifera L.)." In Tree Crops, 79–128. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62140-7_3.

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Nair, Kodoth Prabhakaran. "Cinchona (Cinchona sp.)." In Tree Crops, 129–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62140-7_4.

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Nair, Kodoth Prabhakaran. "Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)." In Tree Crops, 153–213. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62140-7_5.

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Nair, Kodoth Prabhakaran. "Coffee." In Tree Crops, 215–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62140-7_6.

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Nair, Kodoth Prabhakaran. "Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacquin)." In Tree Crops, 249–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62140-7_7.

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Nair, Kodoth Prabhakaran. "Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis)." In Tree Crops, 287–332. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62140-7_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Tree crops"

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Santiago Planas de Martí, Joan Ramon Rosell Polo, Emilio Gil Moya, Luís Val Monterola, and Alexandre Escolà Agustí. "Optimizing pesticide spray application in tree crops." In 2006 Portland, Oregon, July 9-12, 2006. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.20630.

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Pena, Marco A., Alexander Brenning, and Renfang Liao. "Classifying fruit-tree crops by Landsat-8 time series." In 2017 First IEEE International Symposium of Geoscience and Remote Sensing (GRSS-CHILE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/grss-chile.2017.7995998.

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Hunter, Wayne B. "Topical RNAi in citrus tree crops to control hemipteran pests." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.93851.

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Rzhevsky, S. G., T. A. Gorodetskaya, T. M. Tabatskaya, O. S. Mashkina, and T. P. Fedulova. "Molecular genetic analysis of forest tree crops obtained by microclonal propagation." In IX Congress of society physiologists of plants of Russia "Plant physiology is the basis for creating plants of the future". Kazan University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/978-5-00130-204-9-2019-374.

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He, Yingbin, Yanmin Yao, Youqi Chen, and Luca Ongaro. "Regional Land Suitability Assessment for Tree Crops Using Remote Sensing and GIS." In 2011 International Conference on Computer Distributed Control and Intelligent Environmental Monitoring (CDCIEM). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdciem.2011.571.

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Kapitsa, V. N., and O. I. Rodzkin. "ASSESSMENT OF THE CONSERVATION POTENTIAL OF FAST-GROWING TREE CROPS IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2022: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2022-2-183-186.

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Fast-growing tree crops of the Willow family (Salicaceae) are widely spread on the plantations of the World. In Europe and the USA, they are used for energy purposes, and others. In this work, it was made the assessment of the conservation potential of willow and poplar, the prospects for their use for economic purposes the Republic of Belarus. The ecological niches of willow and poplar are considered, on the basis on which the prospects for the distribution of these crops under the conditions of climate change are analyzed.
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Rohini, Valaparla, Kalapala Meghana, Rayala Krishna Sowmya, Kandepu Siva Krishna, and Bethina Srikrishna. "Application of SMAP images in predicting Crops by using Decision Tree and Random Forest." In 2023 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge Discovery in Concurrent Engineering (ICECONF). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceconf57129.2023.10083570.

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Bortolotti, Gianmarco, Kushtrim Bresilla, Mirko Piani, Luca Corelli Grappadelli, and Luigi Manfrini. "2D tree crops training system improve computer vision application in field: a case study." In 2021 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/metroagrifor52389.2021.9628839.

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Alzamora, Sebastian. "The Palm oil crop in Ecuador and its extraction." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/dqiq8597.

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The purpose of this presentation is to take you through the process of the Palm oil crop, harvest, and industrialization to obtain Crude Palm Oil (CPO).Palm oil crops started in Ecuador in 1950 and since then it has brought jobs, wealth and development to our society. Now, 80% of farmers have less than 50 hectares counting to a total of 256 000 hectares. Oil Palm tree is a perennial crop that starts production approximately 24 months after it is planted in the soil. It is harvested every 8 days all year round and it is one of the most versatile products in the world. All components of the fruit have a use for the mill and the plantation.There are two main varieties of Oil Palm trees, which require different tasks: Elaeis Guinesis and High Oleic Palm Tree which is more resistant to diseases, such as Bud Root (PC), and with a higher oil yield per area.Many tasks are needed to maintain the Palm Oil crop, which results in an optimal percentage of oil extraction in the Palm Oil Mill. Some tasks include: Weed cut around the plantation, the €œcorona€ to maintain the area around the palm tree clean, pruning of the leaves, fertilization, pest control and harvest.After harvest, the Oil Palm tree fruit goes into the mill. The extraction of the palm oil is carried out by mechanical means where the fruit first goes trough a sterilizer to soften the tissue and stop the acidification process. The bunch is separated in the fruit threshing drum, and then transported to the digester and twin-screw press where the oil is extracted by pressure. This oil is separated from water and palm cake in the Tridecanter. The process results in two main products: Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and Palm Kernel nut which goes to the Kernel Mill to extract Palm Kernel Oil (PKO), palm kernel cakeEcuador is the 10th biggest Palm Oil producer in the world and now, 19% of total crop area, and growing, is RSPO certified and an important producer of Organic Palm Oil.
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Whitney, Jodie D. "A Review of Citrus Harvesting in Florida." In ASME 1995 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec1995-4103.

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The removal of Florida citrus from the tree for harvesting is still done by handpickers on ladders and requires a work force of 20,000 to 35,000 persons. Moving fruit from the grove and subsequent fruit handling has been mechanized in the last 40 years. Factors affecting harvesting are fruit type and utilization, grove characteristics, and harvest labor requirements and costs. Although mechanical harvesting research over the past 35 years has not developed a feasible machine to replace the picker, substantial design and field performance information has been developed to mechanize the harvest of a significant portion of the crop if labor becomes unavailable or too costly. Some picking aids have been implemented to increase the productivity of pickers, but their feasibility is questionable under current conditions. Renewed attempts have been made to mechanize the harvest since 1993. A harvesting program administrator was employed by the Florida Department of Citrus in January 1995 to develop a program which will insure the harvest of future crops at a competitive cost, Record crops, low fruit prices, steadily increasing harvest costs, and more regulations are predicted for the next decade. Paper published with permission.
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Reports on the topic "Tree crops"

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Katan, Jaacov, James DeVay, Ezra Shabi, and Yacov Pinkas. Postplant Control of Soilborne Diseases of Fruit Tree Crops by Soil Solarization. United States Department of Agriculture, December 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1992.7600055.bard.

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Kistner-Thomas, Erica. Recent Trends in Climate/Weather Impacts on Midwestern Fruit and Vegetable Production. USDA Midwest Climate Hub, November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6893747.ch.

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While the Midwest is famous for being the world’s leader in corn and soybean production, this region is also home to a variety of high value specialty crops. Specialty crops include fruits and vegetables, tree nuts, dried fruits, and nursery crops including floriculture.
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Sherman, A., D. N. Kuhn, Y. Cohen, R. Ophir, and R. Goenaga. Exploring the polyembryonic seed trait in mango as a basis for a biotechnology platform for fruit tree crops. Israel: United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2021.8134176.bard.

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Mango is one of the most important fruit crops. However, the biology of this fruit tree is under studied. The lack of genetic and genomic resources has limited progress in mango research and breeding. Several research groups have recently started developing genomic tools for mango by creating transcriptome and genomic data. Sexual reproduction in plants is the main pathway for the creation of new genetic combinations. In modern agriculture, breeders exploit the genetic diversity generated through sexual reproduction to develop elite cultivars; however, these cultivars require genetic stabilization before they are suitable for mass propagation for uniform crop production. In heterozygous plants such as fruit trees, vegetative propagation (cloning) is the primary path for the propagation of genetically uniform plants. Another natural plant mechanism that can create genetically uniform plants (clones) is apomixes. Apomixis is defined as asexual reproduction through seeds that lead to the production of clonal progeny whose genotype is identical to that of the mother plant. In fruit crops like citrus and mango, sporophytic apomixes result in polyembryony, where seeds contain multiple embryos, one of which is sexually originated, and the others are clones of the mother tree. As part of this research, the reference genome of mango was established as a basic platform for mango breeding and research. It was used to map two important mango traits fruit size and polyembryony. The draft genome 'Tommy Atkins' sequence was generated using NRGene de-novo Magic on high molecular weight DNA of 'Tommy Atkins,' supplemented by 10X Genomics long read sequencing to improve the initial assembly. The final 'Tommy Atkins' genome assembly was a consensus sequence that included 20 pseudomolecules representing the 20 chromosomes of mango. The availability of a genome enables the genetic dissection of important traits. We demonstrated the utility of the genome assembly and the 'Tommy Atkins' x 'Kensington Pride' map by analyzing fruit weight phenotypic data and identifying two QTLs for this trait.
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Rajarajan, Kunasekaran, Alka Bharati, Hirdayesh Anuragi, Arun Kumar Handa, Kishor Gaikwad, Nagendra Kumar Singh, Kamal Prasad Mohapatra, et al. Status of perennial tree germplasm resources in India and their utilization in the context of global genome sequencing efforts. World Agroforestry, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp20050.pdf.

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Tree species are characterized by their perennial growth habit, woody morphology, long juvenile period phase, mostly outcrossing behaviour, highly heterozygosity genetic makeup, and relatively high genetic diversity. The economically important trees have been an integral part of the human life system due to their provision of timber, fruit, fodder, and medicinal and/or health benefits. Despite its widespread application in agriculture, industrial and medicinal values, the molecular aspects of key economic traits of many tree species remain largely unexplored. Over the past two decades, research on forest tree genomics has generally lagged behind that of other agronomic crops. Genomic research on trees is motivated by the need to support genetic improvement programmes mostly for food trees and timber, and develop diagnostic tools to assist in recommendation for optimum conservation, restoration and management of natural populations. Research on long-lived woody perennials is extending our molecular knowledge and understanding of complex life histories and adaptations to the environment, enriching a field that has traditionally drawn its biological inference from a few short-lived herbaceous species. These concerns have fostered research aimed at deciphering the genomic basis of complex traits that are related to the adaptive value of trees. This review summarizes the highlights of tree genomics and offers some priorities for accelerating progress in the next decade.
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Lee, W. S., Victor Alchanatis, and Asher Levi. Innovative yield mapping system using hyperspectral and thermal imaging for precision tree crop management. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598158.bard.

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Original objectives and revisions – The original overall objective was to develop, test and validate a prototype yield mapping system for unit area to increase yield and profit for tree crops. Specific objectives were: (1) to develop a yield mapping system for a static situation, using hyperspectral and thermal imaging independently, (2) to integrate hyperspectral and thermal imaging for improved yield estimation by combining thermal images with hyperspectral images to improve fruit detection, and (3) to expand the system to a mobile platform for a stop-measure- and-go situation. There were no major revisions in the overall objective, however, several revisions were made on the specific objectives. The revised specific objectives were: (1) to develop a yield mapping system for a static situation, using color and thermal imaging independently, (2) to integrate color and thermal imaging for improved yield estimation by combining thermal images with color images to improve fruit detection, and (3) to expand the system to an autonomous mobile platform for a continuous-measure situation. Background, major conclusions, solutions and achievements -- Yield mapping is considered as an initial step for applying precision agriculture technologies. Although many yield mapping systems have been developed for agronomic crops, it remains a difficult task for mapping yield of tree crops. In this project, an autonomous immature fruit yield mapping system was developed. The system could detect and count the number of fruit at early growth stages of citrus fruit so that farmers could apply site-specific management based on the maps. There were two sub-systems, a navigation system and an imaging system. Robot Operating System (ROS) was the backbone for developing the navigation system using an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV). An inertial measurement unit (IMU), wheel encoders and a GPS were integrated using an extended Kalman filter to provide reliable and accurate localization information. A LiDAR was added to support simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithms. The color camera on a Microsoft Kinect was used to detect citrus trees and a new machine vision algorithm was developed to enable autonomous navigations in the citrus grove. A multimodal imaging system, which consisted of two color cameras and a thermal camera, was carried by the vehicle for video acquisitions. A novel image registration method was developed for combining color and thermal images and matching fruit in both images which achieved pixel-level accuracy. A new Color- Thermal Combined Probability (CTCP) algorithm was created to effectively fuse information from the color and thermal images to classify potential image regions into fruit and non-fruit classes. Algorithms were also developed to integrate image registration, information fusion and fruit classification and detection into a single step for real-time processing. The imaging system achieved a precision rate of 95.5% and a recall rate of 90.4% on immature green citrus fruit detection which was a great improvement compared to previous studies. Implications – The development of the immature green fruit yield mapping system will help farmers make early decisions for planning operations and marketing so high yield and profit can be achieved.
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Dawson, William O., and Moshe Bar-Joseph. Creating an Ally from an Adversary: Genetic Manipulation of Citrus Tristeza. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7586540.bard.

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Citrus is one of the major agricultural crops common to Israel and the United States, important in terms of nutrition, foreign exchange, and employment. The economy of both citrus industries have been chronically plagued by diseases caused by Citrus tristeza virus (CTV). The short term solution until virus-resistant plants can be used is the use of mild strain cross-protection. We are custom designing "ideal" protecting viruses to immunize trees against severe isolates of CTV by purposely inoculating existing endangered trees and new plantings to be propagated as infected (protected) citrus budwood. We crossed the substantial technological hurdles necessary to accomplish this task which included developing an infectious cDNA clone which allows in vitro manipulation of the virus and methods to then infect citrus plants. We created a series of hybrids between decline-inducing and mild CTV strains, tested them in protoplasts, and are amplifying them to inoculate citrus trees for evaluation and mapping of disease determinants. We also extended this developed technology to begin engineering transient expression vectors based on CTV as tools for genetic improvement of tree crops, in this case citrus. Because of the long periods between genetic transformation and the ultimate assay of mature tree characteristics, there is a great need for an effective system that allows the expression or suppression of target genes in fruiting plants. Virus-based vectors will greatly expedite progress in citrus genetic improvement. We characterized several components of the virus that provides necessary information for designing virus-based vectors. We characterized the requirements of the 3 ’-nontranslated replication promoter and two 3 ’-ORF subgenomic (sg) mRNA controller elements. We discovered a novel type of 5’-terminal sgRNAs and characterized the cis-acting control element that also functions as a strong promoter of a 3 ’-sgRNA. We showed that the p23 gene controls negative-stranded RNA synthesis and expression of 3 ’ genes. We identified which genes are required for infection of plants, which are host range determinants, and which are not needed for plant infection. We continued the characterization of native dRNA populations and showed the presence of five different classes including class III dRNAs that consists of infectious and self-replicating molecules and class V dRNAs that contain all of the 3 ’ ORFs, along with class IV dRNAs that retain non-contiguous internal sequences. We have constructed and tested in protoplasts a series of expression vectors that will be described in this proposal.
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van de Zande, J. C., H. J. Holterman, J. F. M. Huijsmans, and M. Wenneker. Spray drift for the assessment of exposure of aquatic organisms to plant protection products in the Netherlands : Part 2: Sideways and upward sprayed fruit and tree crops. Wageningen: Stichting Wageningen Research, Wageningen Plant Research, Business Unit Agrosystems Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/448381.

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Shahak, Yosepha, and Donald R. Ort. Physiological Bases for Impaired Photosynthetic Performance of Chilling-Sensitive Fruit Trees. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7575278.bard.

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Chilling-sensitivity is an important agricultural problem in both the U.S. and Israel. Most research attention has focused so far on herbaceous crop plants, even though the problem is also acute in the fruit tree industry. Under BARD funding we made substantial progress in identifying the mechanisms involved in the disruption of photosynthesis following a chill in mango. Our investigation with fruit trees has been substantially accelerated by drawing on our knowledge and experience with herbaceous crops. The four original research objectives, focused or discovering the underlying mechanisms of chill-induced inhibition of photosynthesis in fruit trees, and the main achievements are listed below. [1] Separating stomatal from non-stomatal components of chilling on photosynthesis in fruit trees. We found evidence that the dark chill-induced inhibition of photosynthesis in mango was E combination of both stomatal and mesophyll components. [2] Differentiating photo damage from light-induced photo protection of photosystem II (PSII). Dark chilling exacerbate high light photoinhibition, as a result of primary inhibition in the carbor reduction cycle. Nevertheless, in Israeli orchards we observed chronic photoinhibition of PSII photochemistry in the winter. This photo damage was reversible over a few days if sunlight was attenuated with filters or night temperature rose. Practical implications of this finding deserve further investment. Additional achievement was the development of a new biophysical tool to study macro-structural changes of LHCII particles in intact, attached leaves. [3] Determine the role of oxidative stress in the dark-chilling-induced inhibition, with emphasis on oxygen radical scavenging, lipid peroxidation and redox-controlled carbon-cycle enzymes. We found an increase in lipid peroxidation following a dark chill, and partial protective effects or an antioxidant. However, the photoinhibition observed in mango orchards in Israel during the winter did not appear to be a general oxidative stress. [4] Investigate whether chilling interferes with the diurnal and circadian rhythm of gene expression of key photosynthetic proteins as has been shown for chilling-sensitive crop plants. The results indicated that most of the circadian rhythm in photosynthesis was due to reduced lea: internal CO2 concentrations during the subjective night, as a result of rhythmic stomatal closure Chilling-induced interference with circadian timing in mango, does not play the central role in chilling inhibition of photosynthesis that has previously been demonstrated in certain chilling sensitive herbaceous plants. Practical implications of the research achievements are feasible, but require few more years of research.
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Cohen, Yuval, Christopher A. Cullis, and Uri Lavi. Molecular Analyses of Soma-clonal Variation in Date Palm and Banana for Early Identification and Control of Off-types Generation. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592124.bard.

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Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is the major fruit tree grown in arid areas in the Middle East and North Africa. In the last century, dates were introduced to new regions including the USA. Date palms are traditionally propagated through offshoots. Expansion of modern date palm groves led to the development of Tissue Culture propagation methods that generate a large number of homogenous plants, have no seasonal effect on plant source and provide tools to fight the expansion of date pests and diseases. The disadvantage of this procedure is the occurrence of off-type trees which differ from the original cultivar. In the present project we focused on two of the most common date palm off-types: (1) trees with reduced fruit setting, in which most of the flowers turn into three-carpel parthenocarpic fruits. In a severe form, multi-carpel flowers and fruitlets (with up to six or eight carpels instead of the normal three-carpel flowers) are also formed. (2) dwarf trees, having fewer and shorter leaves, very short trunk and are not bearing fruits at their expected age, compared to the normal trees. Similar off-types occur in other crop species propagated by tissue culture, like banana (mainly dwarf plants) or oil palm (with a common 'Mantled' phenotype with reduced fruit setting and occurrence of supernumerary carpels). Some off-types can only be detected several years after planting in the fields. Therefore, efficient methods for prevention of the generation of off-types, as well as methods for their detection and early removal, are required for date palms, as well as for other tissue culture propagated crops. This research is aimed at the understanding of the mechanisms by which off-types are generated, and developing markers for their early identification. Several molecular and genomic approaches were applied. Using Methylation Sensitive AFLP and bisulfite sequencing, we detected changes in DNA methylation patterns occurring in off-types. We isolated and compared the sequence and expression of candidate genes, genes related to vegetative growth and dwarfism and genes related to flower development. While no sequence variation were detected, changes in gene expression, associated with the severity of the "fruit set" phenotype were detected in two genes - PdDEF (Ortholog of rice SPW1, and AP3 B type MADS box gene), and PdDIF (a defensin gene, highly homologous to the oil palm gene EGAD). We applied transcriptomic analyses, using high throughput sequencing, to identify genes differentially expressed in the "palm heart" (the apical meristem and the region of embryonic leaves) of dwarf vs. normal trees. Among the differentially expressed genes we identified genes related to hormonal biosynthesis, perception and regulation, genes related to cell expansion, and genes related to DNA methylation. Using Representation Difference Analyses, we detected changes in the genomes of off-type trees, mainly chloroplast-derived sequences that were incorporated in the nuclear genome and sequences of transposable elements. Sequences previously identified as differing between normal and off-type trees of oil palms or banana, successfully identified variation among date palm off-types, suggesting that these represent highly labile regions of monocot genomes. The data indicate that the date palm genome, similarly to genomes of other monocot crops as oil palm and banana, is quite unstable when cells pass through a cycle of tissue culture and regeneration. Changes in DNA sequences, translocation of DNA fragments and alteration of methylation patterns occur. Consequently, patterns of gene expression are changed, resulting in abnormal phenotypes. The data can be useful for future development of tools for early identification of off-type as well as for better understanding the phenomenon of somaclonal variation during propagation in vitro.
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Shenoy, Nirmala. Cross Layered Multi-Meshed Tree Scheme for Cognitive Networks. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada546434.

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